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John Adair
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
John Adair (January 9, 1757 May 19, 1840) was an American pioneer, soldier, and politician. He was the eighth Governor of Kentucky and represented the state in both the U.S. House and Senate. A native of South Carolina, Adair enlisted in the state militia and served in the Revolutionary War, during which he was twice captured and held as a prisoner of war by the British. Following the war, he was elected as a delegate to South Carolinas convention to ratify the United States Constitution. After moving to Kentucky in 1786, Adair participated in the Northwest Indian War, including a skirmish with the Miami chief Little Turtle near Fort St. Clair in 1792. Popular for his service in two wars, he entered politics in 1792 as a delegate to Kentuckys constitutional convention. After Kentuckys separation from Virginia, Adair was elected to a total of eight terms in the state House of Representatives between 1793 and 1803. He served as Speaker of the Kentucky House in 1802 and 1803, and was a delegate to the states second constitutional convention in 1799. He ascended to the United States Senate to fill the seat vacated when John Breckinridge resigned to become Attorney General of the United States, but failed to win a full term in the subsequent election due to his implication in the Burr conspiracy. After a long legal battle, he was acquitted of any wrongdoing, and his accuser, General James Wilkinson, was ordered to issue an apology, but the negative publicity kept him out of politics for more than a decade. Adairs participation in the War of 1812, and a subsequent protracted defense of Kentuckys soldiers against Andrew Jacksons charges that they showed cowardice at the Battle of New Orleans, restored his reputation. He returned to the state House in 1817, and Isaac Shelby, his commanding officer in the war who was serving a second term as governor, appointed him adjutant general of the state militia. In 1820, Adair was elected governor on a platform of financial relief for Kentuckians hit hard by the Panic of 1819. His primary effort toward this end was the creation of the Bank of the Commonwealth, but many of his other financial reforms were deemed unconstitutional by the Kentucky Court of Appeals, touching off the Old Court New Court controversy. Following his term as governor, Adair served one undistinguished term in the United States House of Representatives, and did not run for re-election. He died May 19, 1840, at his farm in
John Adair
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Kentucky's 7th district In office March 4, 1831 March 3, 1833 Preceded by John Kincaid Succeeded by Benjamin Hardin 8th Governor of Kentucky In office August 29, 1820 August 24, 1824 Lieutenant Preceded by William T. Barry Gabriel Slaughter United States Senator from Kentucky In office November 8, 1805 November 18, 1806 Preceded by John Breckinridge Personal details Born Died January 9, 1757 Chester County, South Carolina May 19, 1840 (aged 83) Mercer County, Kentucky Political party Democratic-Republican Spouse(s) Katherine Palmer Succeeded by Henry Clay
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Harrodsburg. Three counties named "Adair" are named for him (in Kentucky, Missouri and Iowa), as are the cities of Adairville, Kentucky, and Adair, Iowa.
Contents
1 Early life 2 Service in the Northwest Indian War 3 Early political career 4 Charged with disloyalty 5 Service in the War of 1812 6 Controversy with Andrew Jackson 7 Governor of Kentucky 7.1 Debt relief 7.2 Other matters of Adairs term 8 Later life and death 9 Notes 10 References 10.1 Bibliography 11 Further reading
Military service Allegiance United States Service/branch South Carolina Militia Kentucky militia Rank Battles/wars Brigadier general American Revolutionary War Northwest Indian War War of 1812
Early life
John Adair was born January 9, 1757, in Chester County, South Carolina, a son of Scottish immigrants Baron William and Mary (Moore) Adair.[1][2] He was educated at schools in Charlotte, North Carolina, and enlisted in the South Carolina militia at the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War.[3] He was assigned to the regiment of his friend, Edward Lacey, under the command of Colonel Thomas Sumter and participated in the failed colonial assault on a Loyalist outpost at Rocky Mount and the subsequent colonial victory at the Battle of Hanging Rock.[4][5] During the British victory over the colonists at the August 16, 1780, Battle of Camden, Adair was taken as a prisoner of war.[6] He contracted smallpox and was treated harshly by his captors during his months-long imprisonment.[6] Although he eventually escaped, Adair was unable to reach safety because of difficulties related to his smallpox infection and was recaptured by British Colonel Banastre Tarleton after three days.[4] Subsequently, he was released via a prisoner exchange.[4] In 1781, he was commissioned as a lieutenant in the South Carolina militia, and fought in the drawn Battle of Eutaw Springs, the wars last major battle in the Carolinas.[4] Edward Lacey was elected sheriff of Chester County after the war, and Adair replaced him in his former capacity as the countys justice of the peace.[5] He was chosen as a delegate to the South Carolina convention to ratify the U.S. Constitution.[3] In 1784, Adair married Katherine Palmer.[7] They had twelve children, ten of them daughters.[7] One married Thomas Bell Monroe, who later served as Adairs Secretary of State and was appointed to a federal judgeship.[8] In 1786, the Adairs migrated westward to Kentucky, settling in Mercer County.[9]
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near Fort St. Clair in Ohio.[4] When the Miami attacked, Adair ordered Lieutenant (and afterward governor of Kentucky) George Madison to attack their right flank while Adair led 25 men to attack the left flank.[10] (Adair had intended for a subordinate to lead the charge, but the officer was killed before Adair could give the order.)[10] The maneuver forced the Miamis to fall back and allowed Adairs men to escape.[9] They retreated to their camp and made a stand, forcing the Miamis to withdraw.[10] Six of Adairs men were killed; another four went missing and five were wounded.[10] Among the wounded were Madison and Richard Taylor, father of future U.S. President Zachary Taylor.[10] Recognizing his bravery and fighting skill, Adairs superiors promoted him to lieutenant colonel.[9] He was assigned to the command of Charles Scott, who would eventually serve as Kentuckys fourth governor.[2] He assisted in the construction of Fort Greeneville in 1794, forwarding supplies to Anthony Wayne during his operations which ended in a decisive victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.[4]
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In late 1814, Andrew Jackson requested reinforcements from Kentucky for his defense of the Gulf of Mexico.[21] Adair quickly raised three regiments, but the federal government provided them no weapons and no means of transportation.[24] James Taylor, Jr., then serving as quartermaster general of the state militia, took out a $6,000 mortgage on his personal land to purchase boats to transport Adairs men.[24] The number of men with Adair was later disputed; sources variously give numbers between 700 and 1,500.[21][25] Many did not have weapons, and the ones who did were primarily armed with their civilian rifles.[21][26] John Thomas, to whom Adair was an adjunct, fell ill just before the battle commenced, leaving Adair responsible for all the Kentuckians present at the battle.[27]
On January 7, 1815, Adair traveled to New Orleans and requested that the citys leaders lend him several stands of arms from the city armory to arm his militiamen.[28] The officials agreed under the condition that the removal of the arms from the armory be kept secret from the citizenry.[28] The weapons were placed in boxes and delivered to Adairs camp on the night of January 7.[29] At Adairs suggestion, his men were placed in reserve and located centrally behind the Tennessee militiamen under William Carroll.[29] From there, they could quickly move to reinforce whichever portion of the American line received the heaviest attack from the British.[29] Apparently unaware of Adairs request, that evening, Jackson ordered 400 unarmed Kentucky militiamen under Colonel John Davis to march to New Orleans to obtain arms, then reinforce the 450 Louisiana militiamen under David B. Morgan on the west bank of the Mississippi River.[25][30] When they arrived in New Orleans, they were told that the citys arms had already been shipped to Adair.[31] The citizens collected what weapons they had mostly old muskets in various states of disrepair and gave them to Davis men.[31] About 200 men were thus armed and reported to Morgan as ordered, just hours before the start of the Battle of New Orleans.[30] The remainder of Daviss men returned to the main camp, still without weapons.[30] As the British approached on the morning of January 8, it became evident that they would try to break the American line through Carrolls Tennesseans, and Adair advanced his men to support them.[32] The main American line held and repulsed the British attack; in total, only six Americans were killed and seven wounded.[33] Meanwhile, Davis Kentuckians on the west bank had, upon their arrival in Morgans camp, been sent to meet the advance of a secondary British force.[30] Outnumbered, poorly armed, and without the benefit of breastworks or artillery support, they were quickly outflanked and forced to retreat.[30] Seeing the retreat of the Kentuckians, Morgans militiamen abandoned their breastworks; Adair would later claim they had never even fired a shot.[30] The British quickly abandoned the position they had just captured, but Jackson resented the setback in an otherwise spectacular victory.[30]
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defending a line that stretched only 200 yards (180 m) while Daviss 170 Kentuckians, poorly armed and protected only by a small ditch, were expected to defend a line over 300 yards (270 m) long.[38] On February 10, 1816, the Kentucky General Assembly passed a resolution thanking Adair for his service at the Battle of New Orleans and for his defense of the soldiers accused by Jackson.[39] Jackson approved the courts findings, but they were not the full refutation of Jacksons report that many Kentuckians including Adair had wanted.[37] In a letter that was quickly made public, Adair formerly one of Jacksons close friends insisted that Jackson withdraw or modify his official report, but Jackson refused.[37][40] This ended the matter until June 1815 when H. P. Helm, secretary to John Thomas, forwarded to a Frankfort newspaper remarks from "the general" that had been annexed to the official report.[27] The remarks stated that the general was now convinced that the initial reports of cowardice by Daviss men "had been misrepresented" and that their retreat had been "not only excusable, but absolutely justifiable".[27] The remarks believed to be from Jackson in response to Adairs letter were subsequently reprinted across Kentucky.[27] "The general" referenced was General John Thomas, however; Jackson had never seen them.[27] Helm claimed he sent a correction to the newspaper that published the remarks, but it was not printed.[27]
Andrew Jackson and Adair engaged in a public dispute over the conduct of the Kentucky militiamen at the Battle of New Orleans.
Jackson did not discover the remarks until they were published again in January 1817 in response to a Boston newspapers criticism of Kentucky [41] militiamen. He then wrote to the Kentucky Reporter , denouncing the remarks as a forgery.[27] The Reporter investigated and published an explanation of how Thomass remarks had been attributed to Jackson.[27] They did not reprint Jacksons letter because they felt his claim that the remarks had been intentionally forged a charge which was now found to be false was too inflammatory.[41] The editors promised that if their retraction did not satisfy Jackson, they would fully publish any of his additional remarks on the subject.[41] In Jacksons April 1817 response, he implied that Adair had intentionally misrepresented the remarks, and reasserted that they had been forged, possibly by Adair himself.[42] Adair believed Jacksons references to the remarks as a "forged dish, dressed in the true Spanish style" was a thinly veiled reference to Adairs alleged participation in the Burr conspiracy.[43] As ostensible proof that he was not predisposed against Kentuckians, Jackson also implied that he had not reported additional dishonorable behavior by Kentucky militiamen during the battle.[44] This letter thrust the dispute into the national spotlight and prompted Adair to resume correspondence with him both to defend Daviss men and refute Jacksons charges of conspiracy.[23][45] In his May 1817 response, he reasserted his defense of the Kentucky militiamen at New Orleans and dismissed many of Jacksons allegations as unimportant and untrue.[46] He flatly denied the existence of a conspiracy, and chastised Jackson for making charges without supporting evidence.[47] Responding to Jacksons allusion to Spain, Adair recalled that Jackson had also been implicated with Burr.[47] Unable to provide tangible evidence of Adairs alleged misdeeds, Jackson provided indirect evidence that a conspiracy was possible.[48] His response, delayed by his treaty negotiations with the Cherokee, was printed September 3, 1817, and used complicated calculations based on spacing and distance, to argue that Adair had only half the number of men he claimed to have commanded at the Battle of New Orleans.[47] Further, he claimed that Adair had ordered Davis to New Orleans to obtain weapons knowing that the arms had already been taken by other brigades under Adairs command.[49] Either Adair had given a foolish order, or he did not have as many men in his main force as he claimed.[49] He closed by promising that this would be his last statement on the matter.[50] Adairs October 29, 1817, response was delayed, he said, because he was
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awaiting documents from New Orleans that never came.[50] In it, he quoted from a letter to Jacksons aide-de-camp cited by Jackson himself in previous correspondence showing that Jackson had been made aware of both the existence and the authorship of Thomass remarks in 1815 but declined the opportunity to refute them.[51] He also defended his account of the number of troops under his command, which he had consistently reported as being near 1,000, and asked why Jackson had not challenged it until now.[51] Finally, he claimed that not only did he retrieve the weapons from New Orleans under Jacksons orders, but he rode Jacksons horse to New Orleans to effect the transaction.[52] Tradition holds that this letter prompted either Adair or Jackson to challenge the other to a duel, but friends of both men averted the conflict after assembling to watch; no written evidence of the event exists.[53][note 1] Tensions between the two eventually eased, and Adair came to comfort Jackson after his wife Rachels death in 1828.[54] Adair also campaigned for Jackson during his presidential campaigns in 1824, 1828, and 1832.[54] Jacksons opponents compiled copies of his letters into campaign pamphlets to use against him in Kentucky during these elections.[55]
Governor of Kentucky
Adairs participation in the War of 1812 and subsequent correspondence with Jackson restored his reputation. He continued to serve as adjutant general until 1817, when the voters returned him to the state House of Representatives.[3][12] He was nominated for Speaker of the House during that term, and, although he was not elected, he drew support from members of both parties, largely because of his correspondence with Jackson.[55] In the aftermath of the Panic of 1819 the first major financial crisis in United States history the primary political issue of the day was debt relief.[56] The federal government had created the Second Bank of the United States in 1817, and its strict credit policy hit Kentuckys large debtor class hard.[20] Sitting governor Gabriel Slaughter had lobbied for some Joseph Desha, one of Adairs measures favored by the states debtors, particularly punitive taxes against opponents in the the branches of the Bank of the United States in Louisville and gubernatorial election of [57] 1820 Lexington. The Second Party System had not yet developed, but there were nonetheless two opposing factions that arose around the debt relief issue.[58] The first primarily composed of land speculators who had bought large land parcels on credit and were unable to repay their debts due to the financial crisis was dubbed the Relief Party or faction and favored more legislation favorable to debtors.[57] Opposed to them was the Anti-Relief Party or faction; it was composed primarily of the states aristocracy, many of whom were creditors to the land speculators and demanded that their contracts be adhered to without interference from the government.[56] They claimed that no government intervention could effectively aid the debtors and that attempts to do so would only prolong the economic depression.[56] Adair was the clear leader of the Relief faction, and his popularity had been enhanced thanks to his lengthy and public dispute with Jackson.[58] In the 1820 gubernatorial election, he was elected as Kentuckys chief executive over three fellow Democratic-Republicans.[59] Adair garnered 20,493 votes; U.S. Senator William Logan finished second with 19,497, fellow veteran Joseph Desha received 12,419, and Colonel Anthony Butler mustered only 9,567 votes.[60] Proponents of debt relief measures also won majorities in both houses of the General Assembly.[59]
Debt relief
Kentucky historian Lowell H. Harrison opined that the most important measure implemented during Adairs
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administration was the creation of the Bank of the Commonwealth in 1820.[11] The bank made generous loans and liberally issued paper money.[11] Although bank notes issued by the Bank of the Commonwealth quickly fell well below par, creditors who refused to accept these devalued notes had to wait two years before seeking replevin.[59] To inspire confidence in the devalued notes, Adair mandated that all officers of the state receive their salaries in notes issued by the Bank of the Commonwealth.[61] The states other bank, the Bank of Kentucky, adhered to more conservative banking practices.[59] While this held the value of its notes closer to par, it also rendered loans less available, which angered relief-minded legislators; consequently, they revoked the banks charter in December 1822.[59] Adair oversaw the abolition of the practice of debt incarceration, and sanctioned rigorous anti-gambling legislation.[62] Legislators also exempted from forced sale the items then considered necessary for making a living a horse, a plow, a hoe, and an ax.[59] The Kentucky Court of Appeals, then the states court of last resort, struck down the law ordering a two-year stay of replevin because it impaired the obligation of contracts.[11] At about the same time, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision in the case of Green v. Biddle, holding that land claims granted by Virginia in the District of Kentucky before Kentucky became a separate state took precedence over those later granted by the state of Kentucky if the two were in conflict.[63] Adair denounced this decision in an 1823 message to the legislature, warning against federal and judicial interference in the will of the people, expressed through the legislature.[64] Emboldened by Adairs message, Relief partisans sought to remove the three justices of the state Court of Appeals, as well as James Clark, a lower court judge who had issued a similar ruling, from the bench.[59] The judges were spared when their opponents failed to obtain the two-thirds majority required for removal.[59]
Adairs endorsement of the Missouri Compromise was instrumental in securing its passage by Kentucky legislators.[6] He advocated prison reform and better treatment of the
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insane.[11] He also oversaw the enactment of a plan for internal improvements, including improved navigation on the Ohio River.[11]
Notes
1. ^ Historian Zachariah Frederick Smith gives a detailed account of this tradition that he claims was told to him by a descendant of Adairs cousin. See Smith, pp. 113114
References
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. ^ Harrison in The Kentucky Encyclopedia, p. 1 ^ a b c Smith, p. 168 ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Adair, John". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress ^ a b c d e f g Fredricksen, p. 2 ^ a b Scoggins, p. 150 ^ a b c d e Hall, p. 1 ^ a b c Bussey, p. 26 ^ Morton, p. 13 ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "John Adair". Dictionary of American Biography ^ a b c d e Collins, p. 165 ^ a b c d e f g h Harrison in The Kentucky Encyclopedia, p. 2 ^ a b c d Trowbridge, "Kentuckys Military Governors" ^ Harrison and Klotter, p. 77 ^ Harrison in John Breckinridge: Jeffersonian Republican, p. 110 ^ Everman, p. 69 ^ a b Everman, p. 78 ^ a b c d e f Remini, p. 37 ^ a b Harrison and Klotter, p. 85 ^ a b c d e f Harrison and Klotter, p. 8 ^ a b c Bussey, p. 27
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27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70.
^ a b c d Heidler and Heidler, p. 1 ^ a b Young, p. 42 ^ a b c Powell, p. 26 ^ a b Harrison and Klotter, p. 93 ^ a b Harrison and Klotter, p. 94 ^ Niles' Weekly Register (February 4, 1815). vol. 7, p. 361: "It appears that the steam-boat Enterprize, and a keel boat, passed Louisville, Ky. about the 28th of December, with arms and various stores for New Orleans, and we fear it is so that gen. Adairs men are without arms. However Jackson's fertile genius make them useful, or, perhaps, partially supply them." ^ a b c d e f g h Gillig, p. 185 ^ a b Smith, p. 73 ^ a b c Smith, p. 74 ^ a b c d e f g Gillig, p. 182 ^ a b Smith, p. 98 ^ Smith, p. 77 ^ Gillig, p. 178 ^ Smith, p. 106 ^ Gillig, p. 179 ^ Smith, p. 109 ^ a b c Gillig, p. 184 ^ Smith, pp. 109110 ^ Young, p. 126 ^ Smith, pp. 111112 ^ a b c Gillig, p. 186 ^ Gillig, pp. 187188 ^ Gillig, p. 191 ^ Gillig, p. 189 ^ Gillig, p. 190 ^ Gillig, pp. 191192 ^ a b c Gillig, p. 192 ^ Gillig, pp. 192193 ^ a b Gillig, p. 194 ^ a b Gillig, p. 195 ^ a b Gillig, p. 196 ^ Gillig, p. 197 ^ Gillig, p. 199 ^ a b Gillig, p. 201 ^ a b Gillig, p. 180 ^ a b c Doutrich, p. 15 ^ a b Doutrich, p. 14 ^ a b Doutrich, p. 23 ^ a b c d e f g h Harrison and Klotter, p. 110 ^ Young, p. 127 ^ a b c Stickles, p. 72 ^ "Kentucky Governor John Adair". National Governors Association ^ Stickles, pp. 4445 ^ Stickles, p. 34 ^ a b c Harrison and Klotter, p. 149 ^ a b Ellis, p. 16 ^ a b c d e Ellis, p. 17 ^ Smith, p. 170 ^ Gannett, p. 16 ^ Euntaek, "Jesse James"
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Bibliography
"Adair, John" (http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=A000026). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. United States Congress. Retrieved 2012-07-29. Bussey, Charles J. (2004). "John Adair". In Lowell Hayes Harrison. Kentucky's Governors. Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0813123267. Collins, Lewis (1848). Historical Sketches of Kentucky: Embracing Its History, Antiquities, and Natural Curiosities, Geographical, Statistical, and Geological Descriptions with Anecdotes of Pioneer Life, and More Than One Hundred Biographical Sketches of Distinguished Pioneers, Soldiers, Statesmen, Jurists, Lawyers, Divines, Etc (http://books.google.com /books?id=XFlAAAAAYAAJ). Maysville, Kentucky: L. Collins. OCLC 15156487 (//www.worldcat.org/oclc/15156487). Doutrich, Paul E., III (January 1982). "A Pivotal Decision: The 1824 Gubernatorial Election in Kentucky". Filson Club History Quarterly 56 (1). Ellis, William E. (2011). A History of Education in Kentucky (http://books.google.com /books?id=E5ZPhZuw3v4C). Lexington, Kentucky]: The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 081312977X. Euntaek, Hong (2005-09-13). "Jesse James: A Cultural Fighter for Confederacy" (http://web.archive.org/web/20110605041057/http://english.ohmynews.com/articleview /article_view.asp?menu=c10400&no=232087&rel_no=15&back_url=). OhmyNews. Archived from the original (http://english.ohmynews.com/articleview/article_view.asp?menu=c10400&no=232087& rel_no=15&back_url=) on 2011-06-05. Retrieved 2009-01-08. Everman, H.E. (1981). Governor James Garrard. Paris, Kentucky: Coopers Run Press. OCLC 7978938 (//www.worldcat.org/oclc/7978938). Fredricksen, John C. (1999). American Military Leaders: From Colonial Times to the Present (http://books.google.com/books?id=-7MwvwL5UR0C) 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1576070018. Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States (http://books.google.com/?id=6pcLAAAAIAAJ). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. OCLC 145489 (//www.worldcat.org/oclc/145489). Gillig, John S. (April 1984). "In the Pursuit of Truth and Honor: The Controversy Between Andrew Jackson and John Adair in 1817". Filson Club History Quarterly 58 (2). Hall, Michael R. (2012). "Adair, John" (http://books.google.com/books?id=hVSrJBQYAk8C). Encyclopedia of the War Of 1812: A Political, Social, and Military History . Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1851099565. Harrison, Lowell H. (1969). John Breckinridge: Jeffersonian Republican. Louisville, Kentucky: The Filson Club. Harrison, Lowell H. (1992). "Adair, John". In Kleber, John E. The Kentucky Encyclopedia. Associate editors: Thomas D. Clark, Lowell H. Harrison, and James C. Klotter. Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0813117720. Harrison, Lowell H.; James C. Klotter (1997). A New History of Kentucky (http://books.google.com /books?id=63GqvIN3l3wC). Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 081312008X. Heidler, David Stephen; Jeanne T. Heidler (2004). "Adair, John" (http://books.google.com /books?id=_c09EJgek50C). Encyclopedia of the War of 1812. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1591143624. "John Adair" (http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/ReferenceDetailsPage /ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal& contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=& disableHighlighting=false&source=&sortBy=&displayGroups=&action=e&catId=&activityType=& scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CBT2310019111&userGroupName=madi17239& jsid=1913ca221d43f94f7b68033dfaa73adf). Dictionary of American Biography. New York City: Charles Scribners Sons. 1936. Retrieved 2012-07-29. "Kentucky Governor John Adair" (http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-
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bios/page_kentucky/col2-content/main-content-list/title_adair_john.html). National Governors Association. Retrieved 2012-04-03. Morton, Jennie C (1904). "Biographical Sketch of Governor John Adair" (http://books.google.com /books?id=H6cWAAAAYAAJ). The Register of the Kentucky State Historical Society 2 (4). Powell, Robert A. (1976). Kentucky Governors. Danville, Kentucky: Bluegrass Printing Company. ASIN B0006CPOVM (http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0006CPOVM), OCLC 2690774 (//www.worldcat.org/oclc/2690774). Remini, Robert Vincent (1993). Henry Clay: Statesman for the Union (http://books.google.com /books?id=f9Hb6i90_mAC). New York City: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0393310884. Scoggins, Michael C. (2005). The Day It Rained Militia: Huck's Defeat and the Revolution in the South Carolina Backcountry, MayJuly 1780 (http://books.google.com/books?id=41yO3qqELuIC). Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press. ISBN 1596290153. Smith, Zachary F. (1904). The Battle of New Orleans, including the previous engagements between the Americans and the British, the Indians, and the Spanish which led to the final conflict on the 8th of January, 1815 (http://books.google.com/books/about /The_battle_of_New_Orleans.html?id=aDIvAAAAYAAJ). Louisville, Kentucky: John P. Morton & Company. OCLC 1730001 (//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1730001). Stickles, Arndt M. (1929). The Critical Court Struggle in Kentucky, 18191829. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University. OCLC 1598882 (//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1598882). Trowbridge, John M. "Kentuckys Military Governors" (http://kynghistory.ky.gov/people /Kentucky+Military+Governors.htm). Kentucky National Guard History e-Museum. Kentucky National Guard. Retrieved 2010-04-23. Young, Bennett Henderson (1903). The battle of the Thames, in which Kentuckians defeated the British, French, and Indians, October 5, 1813, with a list of the officers and privates who won the victory (http://kdl.kyvl.org/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=kyetexts;cc=kyetexts;view=toc; idno=b92-56-27063367). Louisville, Kentucky: J. P. Morton. OCLC 2617867 (//www.worldcat.org /oclc/2617867). Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Further reading
Wilson, Samuel M. (January 1936). "The Court Proceedings of 1806 in Kentucky Against Aaron Burr and John Adair" (http://connect1.ajaxdocumentviewer.com /viewerajax.php?2Kmzx5PiljgvFb5ujDx0LAQlWK7fPwPqRxJ9J9afjMN%2BjrTofiSg4gqyWuU%2Bzi BTo3EI%2B3IThrNLJgChMe5wvQkXcsiFfTy3oTjeDKk8%2BseirFtrQMcXnpiEN12KMmJpa2znSiV F%2FTbgvbL80szhKEAKJioNgE4zl5lGlwtChiLRTAzWgW2CD9eRBhDe5UWjzG2RqknMPG2f3SE 6hQXg1D3NJBFtUdBaZukm2Jhy1T6EQPzohJd3eiT4m4UkL0ixNaVr7dJvC0rEidCIPIqhKaW36pGs1 mvc6s6y7MXHAoe7rbUuYvn9eAY2o7%2BBcUe99DoRlmcgI07UWb33bjCjDurcMVEwQA4tSIX5p 9dChIhwviqdIS2at01WyDTkzMeXa%2B45BWssQn9XBeAIz9ar9sh%2Bwl7QATuRt1Xyv%2FASf4o %3D). Filson Club Historical Quarterly 10 (1). Retrieved 2011-11-29.
United States Senate Preceded by John Breckinridge U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Kentucky 18051806
Served alongside: Buckner Thruston
Political offices Preceded by Gabriel Slaughter Governor of Kentucky 182024 Succeeded by Joseph Desha
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Adair&oldid=589956277" Categories: 1757 births 1840 deaths American people of Scottish descent American people of the Northwest Indian War American Protestants American Revolutionary War prisoners of war held by Great Britain Burials at Frankfort Cemetery
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Adair
Democratic-Republican Party United States Senators Governors of Kentucky Kentucky Democratic-Republicans Kentucky Jacksonians Members of the Kentucky House of Representatives Members of the United States House of Representatives from Kentucky People from Kentucky in the War of 1812 Smallpox survivors South Carolina militiamen in the American Revolution Speakers of the Kentucky House of Representatives United States Senators from Kentucky This page was last modified on 9 January 2014 at 18:31. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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09/01/2014 15:57