Inputs to the Earth mat

Short circuit Current for conductor sizing Diversion factor Length of Earthmat Breadth of Earthmat Length of Control Room Breadth of Control Room Soil Resistivity Design Ambient Temperature Length of electrode Depth of Burial Number of electrodes considered on the pheriphery Size of Flat choosen Spacing between the conductors

Is L B Lcr Bcr

Ta Lr h Nr D

= = = = = = = = = = = = =

40 0.95 135 100 12 11 150 50 3 0.6 56 50 2.7

KA m m m m -m c m m X m 10

Prepared by vijaykrishna

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Earthmat Design Calculation

Designed by Vijay

1.0 Data 1.1 a) Short circuit Current for conductor sizing b) System Short circuit current c) Diversion factor d) Short circuit Current through earthing electode 1.2 a) b) 1.3 a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) Durtion of fault for calculation of the X-sectional area of the conductor Duration of fault Current for Calculation of Step and Touch Pottentials Length of Earthmat Breadth of Earthmat Area of Earthmat Length of Control Room Breadth of Control Room Area of Control room Spacing between the conductors Length of Conductor below Control Room Area of Substation excluding control room Soil Resistivity Surface Layer (crushed rock) Resistivity Design Ambient Temperature

Is

= = = = Tc Tz = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1 0.5

40 KA 0.95 38 KA Sec Sec

L B A Lcr Bcr Acr D L'cr Asw =A1

135 100 13500 12 11

s
Ta

m m sq.m m m 132 sq.m 2.7 m 115 m 13368 sq.m 150 -m 3000 -m c 50

2.0 Design of Earthing Conductor 2.1 Type of earthing Conductor 2.2 Resistivity of earthing Material 2.3 Thermal Capacity factor 2.4 Temperature coefficient of the material (IEEE 80) 2.5 Type of Joint 2.6 Maximum Allowable Temperature for Welded joints 2.7 Reference Temperature of the material Constant 2.8 Type of electrode 2.9 Number of electrodes considered on the pheriphery 3.0 Diameter of the each electrode 3.1 Length of electrode 3.2 Depth of Burial 4.0 Methodology and Assumptions 4.1 The earthmat design is based on IEEE standard 80-2000 4.2 Maximum allowable Temperature is taken as 500 c 4.3 Length of Buried Conductor includes the main mat & rod electodes only 5.0 Methodology and Assumptions 5.1 Size of Earthing Conductor : Area of cross section of earth conductor (A) =

GI r Tcap Welded Tm Tr PIPE Nr d1 Lr h

= = = = = = = = =

13.8 cm 3.8 J/cu.cm/c 0.0045 /c 500 c 20 c 56 50 mm 3m 0.6 m

Is *[ {(Tc**r*1E+4)/Tcap}/ln{(Tm-Ta)/(1+K0+Ta)}] Where Ko = (1/)-Tr A Area of cross section of earth conductor (A) = = = 202.22 505.33 505.33 c sq.mm sq.mm

Software designed by Vijay K Chary

Prepared by vijaykrishna

Page 4

5.1

Corrosion Allowance: As per CBIP manual on substations publication number 233,corrosion allowance is is recommended as per following rule In case of Conductor to be Laid in Soil resistivity more than 100 -m no allowance Considering Soil resistivity for the conductor sizing as 150.000 Required Area of earthing Conductor including Corrosion Allowance A x 1.00 = 505.33 = 505.33 = Size of Flat choosen 50 = G.I Flat 500 = Hence Selected Conductor x - Section is not Sufficient Equivalent diameter of the Conductor (d) 2r = d 25.23772 =

-m

X 1.00 Sq.mm X 10 Sq.mm

mm

5.0 Tolearable E step and E touch potential:Tolerable E step Tolerable E step = = (1000+6*Cs(Hs)*s)*0.116/Tz (1000+1.5*Cs(Hs)*s)*0.116/Tz

Hs = Crushed rock thickness = 0.175 m The reduction factor Cs(Hs) can be approximated by the equation Cs(Hs) Cs(Hs) Tolerable E step (Volts) Tolerable E touch (Volts) 6.0 Attainable E step and E touch potential:The attainable step and touch potentials are given by Attainable Step Potential Estep (Volts) Attainable Step Potential Estep (Volts) Where Ki Ks LR LR Total Lenth of earthing Conductor Lc Lc Ls Ls = = = = = = = = = = [Ks*Ki**Isc]/Ls [Ks*Ki**Isc]/Lm (0.644+0.148*n) 1/[(1/2n)+(1/(D+h))+(1/D)*(1-0.5)^(n-2)] Lr*Nr 168 10335 Sq.m 10335 (0.75*Lc)+(0.85*LR) 7894.05 = = = = 1-[{0.09(1-(/s)}/(2.Hs+0.09)] 0.805682 2543.13 Volts 758.82 Volts

Km =

1/2[ln(D^2/16hD)+((D+2h)^2/8dD)-(h/4d)+{(kii/kh)*[8/(2n-1)]}] Lp = Perimeter of the mat Lp = 470 m na = 2Lc/Lp na = 43.9787234 nb = Sqrt(Lp/4*sqrt(A1)) nb = 1.0081

Software designed by Vijay K Chary

Prepared by vijaykrishna

Page 5

nc and nd =1 for square and rectangular grid Geometric factor n n Ki Ki = = = naxnbxncxnd 44.335 = (0.644+0.148*n) 7.20558

Kii = 1 for mat with = grid rods SQRT(1+(h/h0)) Kh Where h0 =1m Kh = 1.2649 Lm Lm Ks = Ks = = Lc+[1.55+1.22*{(Lr/sqrt(L^2+B^2)}]*LR 10599.05994 1/[(1/2h)+(1/(D+h))+(1/D)*(1-0.5)^(n-2)] 0.4799

Km =

1/2[ln(D^2/16hD)+((D+2h)^2/8dD)-(h/4d)+{(kii/kh)*[8/(2n-1)]}] Km = 0.1839 = = = = [Ks*Ki**Isc]/Ls 2496.862789 Volts [Ks*Ki**Isc]/Lm 712.6202861 Volts

Attainable Step Potential Estep (Volts)

Attainable Step Potential Etouch (Volts)

Estep Tolerable Attainable Resistance of grid Rg Lt = = = = 2543.13 2496.86

Etouch 758.82 712.62

((1/Lt)+(1/(sqrt(20*A1))*(1+(1/(1+h(sqrt(20/A1))) Lc + LR 10503 0.587896 ohm

Rg 7.0 Details of Earthbore Type of Earthbore electrode Reistivity of Earth electrode Cross section of Earth Electrode Length of earth electrode

Pr (Outer Dia.) d1 Le

= = = =

G.I Pipe Micro-ohm/cu.cm 50 mm 3m

Reference: 1.0 IEEE Guide For safty in AC Substation Grounding (IEEE std 80-2000) Ground Pottential Rise (GPR) GPR = Ig *Rg Where Ig =

Isc*Df*SGF*CFG

Software designed by Vijay K Chary

Prepared by vijaykrishna

Page 6

Df CFG

= = = =

Decrement factor 1 For fault duration of more than 0.5 seconds Current flowing in the grid 0.5 Current flowing in the grid 0.5 Station growth factor 1.5 (Constant) Is x 0.75 30.000000 17.636867 Volts

CFG

= = SFG = = Hence Ig = = GPR =

Software designed by Vijay K Chary

Earthmat Design Calculation

1.0 Data 1.1 a) Short circuit Current for conductor sizing b) System Short circuit current c) Diversion factor d) Short circuit Current through earthing electode 1.2 a) b) 1.3 a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) Durtion of fault for calculation of the X-sectional area of the conductor Duration of fault Current for Calculation of Step and Touch Length of Earthmat Breadth of Earthmat Area of Earthmat Length of Control Room Breadth of Control Room Area of Control room Spacing between the conductors Length of Conductor below Control Room Area of Substation excluding control room Soil Resistivity Surface Layer (crushed rock) Resistivity Design Ambient Temperature

2.0 Design of Earthing Conductor 2.1 Type of earthing Conductor 2.2 Resistivity of earthing Material 2.3 Thermal Capacity factor 2.4 Temperature coefficient of the material (IEEE 80) 2.5 Type of Joint 2.6 Maximum Allowable Temperature for Welded joints 2.7 Reference Temperature of the material Constant 2.8 Type of electrode

2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2

Number of electrodes considered on the pheriphery Diameter of the each electrode Length of electrode Depth of Burial

4.0 Methodology and Assumptions 4.1 The earthmat design is based on IEEE standard 80-2000 4.2 Maximum allowable Temperature is taken as 500 c 4.3 Length of Buried Conductor includes the main mat & rod electodes only 5.0 Methodology and Assumptions 5.1 Size of Earthing Conductor : Area of cross section of earth conductor (A) =

Is *[ {(Tc**r*1E+4)/Tcap}/ln{(Tm-Ta)/(1+K0 Where Ko = (1/)-Tr A Area of cross section of earth conductor (A) 5.1 Corrosion Allowance: = = =

As per CBIP manual on substations publication number 233,corrosion allowance is is recommended as per following rule In case of Conductor to be Laid in Soil resistivity more than 100 -m no allowance Considering Soil resistivity for the conductor sizing as Required Area of earthing Conductor including Corrosion Allowance = = = Size of Flat choosen = = Hence Selected Conductor x - Section is Sufficient Equivalent diameter of the Conductor (d) d = =

5.0 Tolearable E step and E touch potential:Tolerable E step Tolerable E step = = (1000+6*Cs(Hs)*s)*0.116/Tz (1000+1.5*Cs(Hs)*s)*0.116/Tz

Hs = Crushed rock thickness = 0.175 m The reduction factor Cs(Hs) can be approximated by the equation Cs(Hs) Cs(Hs) Tolerable E step (Volts) Tolerable E touch (Volts) 6.0 Attainable E step and E touch potential:The attainable step and touch potentials are given by Attainable Step Potential Estep (Volts) Attainable Step Potential Estep (Volts) Where Ki Ks LR LR Total Lenth of earthing Conductor Lc Lc Ls Ls = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

Km =

1/2[ln(D^2/16hD)+((D+2h)^2/8dD)-(h/4d)+{(kii Lp = Perimeter of the mat Lp = 260 na = 2Lc/Lp na = 14.15 nb = Sqrt(Lp/4*sqrt(A1))

nb

1.055

nc and nd =1 for square and rectangular grid Geometric factor n nl nb n = = = = sqrt(nl*nb) no. of conductors length wise no. of conductors breadthwise 12 12 = 2.42

n = Ki Ki =

Kii = 1 for mat = withSQRT(1+(h/h0)) grid rods Kh Where h0 =1m Kh = 1.3229 Lm Lm Ks = Ks = =

Lc+[1.55+1.22*{(Lr/sqrt(L^2+ 2029.9594

1/[(1/2h)+(1/(D+h))+(1/D)*(1 0.3313

Km =

1/2[ln(D^2/16hD)+((D+2h)^2/8dD)-(h/4d Km = 0.4725

Attainable Step Potential Estep (Volts)

Attainable Step Potential Etouch (Volts)

Resistance of grid

Rg Lt

= = = =

Rg 7.0 Details of Earthbore Type of Earthbore electrode Reistivity of Earth electrode Cross section of Earth Electrode Length of earth electrode

Pr (Outer Dia.) d1 Le

= = = =

Reference: 1.0 IEEE Guide For safty in AC Substation Grounding (IEEE std 80-2000) Ground Pottential Rise (GPR) GPR = Ig *Rg Where Ig = Df = = CFG = = SFG = = Hence Ig = = GPR =

Is*Df*SGF*CFG

Decrement factor 1 For fault duration of more than 0.5 seconds Current flowing in the grid 0.5 Station growth factor 1.5 (Constant) Is x 0.75 7.87 2.06 Volts

n Calculation
Is = = = = Tc Tz L B A Lcr Bcr Acr D L'cr Asw =A1 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 10.497 KA 0.9 9.4473 KA 1 0.5 90 40 3600 16.5 11.5 189.75 5 100.5 3410.25 32.838 3000 45 Sec Sec m m sq.m m m sq.m m m sq.m -m -m c
18 8 18 8 18 8

3.3 2.3

3 2

3 2

s
Ta

GI

r
Tcap Welded Tm Tr PIPE

= = = = =

13.8 3.8 0.0045 500 20

cm J/cu.cm/c / c c c

Nr d1 Lr h

= = = =

40 65 3 0.75

mm m m

d electodes only

)/Tcap}/ln{(Tm-Ta)/(1+K0+Ta)}] 202.22 131.33 131.33 c sq.mm sq.mm

233,corrosion allowance is

han 100 -m no allowance 32.838 -m n Allowance A x 1.00 131.33 X 1.00 131.33 Sq.mm 65 X 1.00 10 G.I Flat 650 Sq.mm 2r 28.77543 mm

0.116/Tz

1-[{0.09(1-(/s)}/(2.Hs+0.09)] 0.797694 2519.54 Volts 752.92 Volts

[Ks*Ki**Isc]/Ls [Ks*Ki**Isc]/Lm (0.644+0.148*n) 1/[(1/2n)+(1/(D+h))+(1/D)*(1-0.5)^(n-2)] Lr*Nr 120 1839.5 Sq.m 1839.5 (0.75*Lc)+(0.85*LR) 1481.625

D+2h)^2/8dD)-(h/4d)+{(kii/k h)*[8/(2n-1)]}] meter of the mat m

(Lp/4*sqrt(A1))

and rectangular grid

of conductors length wise of conductors breadthwise

(0.644+0.148*n)

RT(1+(h/h0))

[1.55+1.22*{(Lr/sqrt(L^2+B^2)}]*LR

(1/2h)+(1/(D+h))+(1/D)*(1-0.5)^(n-2)]

D)+((D+2h)^2/8dD)-(h/4d)+{(kii/k h)*[8/(2n-1)]}]

72.4 36.707 4.6307 -2.2 2.9675 0.4725

6.516

= = = =

[Ks*Ki**Isc]/Ls 186.5264394 Volts [Ks*Ki**Isc]/Lm 194.1653467 Volts

Estep Tolerable Attainable

Etouch 2519.54 752.92 186.53 194.17

((1/Lt)+(1/(sqrt(20*A1))*(1+(1/(1+h(sqrt(20/A1))) Lc + LR 1959.5 0.261406 ohm

0.0005 68205 3410.3 261.16 0.0038

G.I Pipe Micro-ohm/cu.cm 65 mm 3m

E std 80-2000)

n of more than 0.5 seconds

18 8

4 3

455 247.22

2.8404494 1.0439623 621.00 163.42105

156.53923 12.511564 131.33389

0.0109 0.9891

0.089 0.35 0.44 0.2023 0.7977

98.489 0.0305 0.0372 1.5872 190.46 2030 0.3185 0.6667 0.1739 0.8406 0.2 0.001 10 0.999

1.0404 0.1998 0.3313

0.7559 0.1108 0.1592 -1.663 6.28 0.1592

0.0059 0.0766 0.0574 1.0574 0.9457 1.9457 0.0075 0.008 0.2614

Earthmat Design Calculation

1.0 Data 1.1 a) Short circuit Current for conductor sizing b) System Short circuit current c) Diversion factor d) Short circuit Current through earthing electode 1.2 a) b) 1.3 a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l) Durtion of fault for calculation of the X-sectional area of the conductor Duration of fault Current for Calculation of Step and Touch Length of Earthmat Breadth of Earthmat Area of Earthmat Length of Control Room Breadth of Control Room Area of Control room Spacing between the conductors Length of Conductor below Control Room Area of Substation excluding control room Soil Resistivity Surface Layer (crushed rock) Resistivity Design Ambient Temperature

2.0 Design of Earthing Conductor 2.1 Type of earthing Conductor 2.2 Resistivity of earthing Material 2.3 Thermal Capacity factor 2.4 Temperature coefficient of the material (IEEE 80) 2.5 Type of Joint 2.6 Maximum Allowable Temperature for Welded joints 2.7 Reference Temperature of the material Constant 2.8 Type of electrode

2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2

Number of electrodes considered on the pheriphery Diameter of the each electrode Length of electrode Depth of Burial

4.0 Methodology and Assumptions 4.1 The earthmat design is based on IEEE standard 80-2000 4.2 Maximum allowable Temperature is taken as 500 c 4.3 Length of Buried Conductor includes the main mat & rod electodes only 5.0 Methodology and Assumptions 5.1 Size of Earthing Conductor : Area of cross section of earth conductor (A) =

Is *[ {(Tc**r*1E+4)/Tcap}/ln{(Tm-Ta)/(1+K0 Where Ko = (1/)-Tr A Area of cross section of earth conductor (A) 5.1 Corrosion Allowance: = = =

As per CBIP manual on substations publication number 233,corrosion allowance is is recommended as per following rule In case of Conductor to be Laid in Soil resistivity more than 100 -m no allowance Considering Soil resistivity for the conductor sizing as Required Area of earthing Conductor including Corrosion Allowance = = = Size of Flat choosen = = Hence Selected Conductor x - Section is Sufficient Equivalent diameter of the Conductor (d) d = =

5.0 Tolearable E step and E touch potential:Tolerable E step Tolerable E step = = (1000+6*Cs(Hs)*s)*0.116/Tz (1000+1.5*Cs(Hs)*s)*0.116/Tz

Hs = Crushed rock thickness = 0.175 m The reduction factor Cs(Hs) can be approximated by the equation Cs(Hs) = Cs(Hs) = Tolerable E step (Volts) Tolerable E touch (Volts) 6.0 Attainable E step and E touch potential:The attainable step and touch potentials are given by Attainable Step Potential Estep (Volts) Attainable Step Potential Estep (Volts) Where Ki Ks LR LR Total Lenth of earthing Conductor Lc Lc Ls Ls = = = = = = = = = = = =

Km =

1/2[ln(D^2/16hD)+((D+2h)^2/8dD)-(h/4d)+{(kii Lp = Perimeter of the mat Lp = 470 na = 2Lc/Lp na = 43.9787234 nb = Sqrt(Lp/4*sqrt(A1))

nb

1.0081

nc and nd =1 for square and rectangular grid Geometric factor n nl nb n = = = = max of na or nb no. of conductors length wise no. of conductors breadthwise 50 50 = 8.044

n = Ki Ki =

Kii = 1 for = mat with SQRT(1+(h/h0)) grid rods Kh Where h0 =1m Kh = 1.2649 Lm Lm Ks = Ks = =

Lc+[1.55+1.22*{(Lr/sqrt(L^2+B^ 10523.61424

1/[(1/2h)+(1/(D+h))+(1/D)*(1-0 = 0.4799

Km =

1/2[ln(D^2/16hD)+((D+2h)^2/8dD)-(h/4d Km = 0.1541

Attainable Step Potential Estep (Volts)

Attainable Step Potential Etouch (Volts)

Resistance of grid

Rg Lt

= = = =

Rg 7.0 Details of Earthbore Type of Earthbore electrode Reistivity of Earth electrode Cross section of Earth Electrode Length of earth electrode

= Pr = (Outer Dia.) d1 = Le =

Reference: 1.0 IEEE Guide For safty in AC Substation Grounding (IEEE std 80-2000) Ground Pottential Rise (GPR) GPR = Ig *Rg Where Ig = Df = = CFG = = SFG = = Hence Ig = = GPR =

Isc*Df*SGF*CFG

Decrement factor 1 For fault duration of more than 0.5 seconds Current flowing in the grid 0.5 Station growth factor 1.5 (Constant) Is x 0.75 30 17.64 Volts

ign Calculation
Is = = = = Tc Tz L B A Lcr Bcr Acr D L'cr Asw =A1 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 1 0.5 135 100 13500 12 11 132 2.7 115 13368 150 3000 50 40 KA 0.95 38 KA Sec Sec m m sq.m m m sq.m m m sq.m -m -m c

s
Ta

GI

r
Tcap Welded Tm Tr PIPE

= = = = =

13.8 3.8 0.0045 500 20

cm J/cu.cm/c / c c c

Nr d1 Lr h

= = = =

40 65 3 0.6

mm m m

od electodes only

+4)/Tcap}/ln{(Tm-Ta)/(1+K0+Ta)}] 202.22 505.33 505.33 c sq.mm sq.mm

r 233,corrosion allowance is

e than 100 -m no allowance 150.000 -m ion Allowance A x 1.00 505.33 X 1.00 505.33 Sq.mm 50 X 1.00 12 G.I Flat 600 Sq.mm 2r 27.64654 mm

*0.116/Tz )*0.116/Tz

he equation 1-[{0.09(1-(/s)}/(2.Hs+0.09)] 0.805682 2543.13 Volts 758.82 Volts

[Ks*Ki**Isc]/Ls [Ks*Ki**Isc]/Lm (0.644+0.148*n) 1/[(1/2n)+(1/(D+h))+(1/D)*(1-0.5)^(n-2)] Lr*Nr 120 10335 Sq.m 10335 (0.75*Lc)+(0.85*LR) 7853.25

((D+2h)^2/8dD)-(h/4d)+{(kii/k h)*[8/(2n-1)]}] meter of the mat m

(Lp/4*sqrt(A1))

are and rectangular grid

of na or nb of conductors length wise of conductors breadthwise

= =

50 37.03704

(0.644+0.148*n)

RT(1+(h/h0))

[1.55+1.22*{(Lr/sqrt(L^2+B^2)}]*LR

(1/2h)+(1/(D+h))+(1/D)*(1-0.5)^(n-2)]

6hD)+((D+2h)^2/8dD)-(h/4d)+{(kii/k h)*[8/(2n-1)]}]

= = = =

[Ks*Ki**Isc]/Ls 2949.339 Volts [Ks*Ki**Isc]/Lm 706.7422 Volts

Tolerable Attainable

Estep Etouch 2543.13 758.82 2949.34 706.74

((1/Lt)+(1/(sqrt(20*A1))*(1+(1/(1+h(sqrt(20/A1))) Lc + LR 10455 0.587961 ohm

G.I Pipe Micro-ohm/cu.cm 65 mm 3m

EE std 80-2000)

tion of more than 0.5 seconds

Rg = /4(sqrt(3.14/A)+/Ls
Ls = A = 7894.05 13368 0.000235 0.015326 0.061304 0.00416 100 Rg 1527.552 0.065464