A Deuteronomistic Formula Author(s): T. Muraoka and M. Malessa Reviewed work(s): Source: Vetus Testamentum, Vol. 52, Fasc. 4 (Oct.

, 2002), pp. 548-551 Published by: BRILL Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1585145 . Accessed: 11/09/2012 06:42
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.

BRILL is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Vetus Testamentum.

http://www.jstor.org

548

SHORT NOTES

Traditional in ClassicalHebrew Verse Techniques (JSOTSup 170; Sheffield, 1994), p. 249. 10 For the variation of singular and plural, see H. Ringgren, "A Law of Stylistic Balance in Hebrew", Horae Soederblomianae VI (Lund, 1964), pp. 9-14; A. Berlin, The Dynamicsof Biblical Parallelism (Bloomington, 1985), pp. 44-50. " J. Blenkinsopp, Isaiah 1-39 (AB 19; New York, 2000), p. 356. 12 This passage reoccurs with minor variations in Jer. xlviii 44; see W. McKane, JeremiahII (ICC; Edinburgh, 1996), pp. 1195-96. 13 Like Isa. xxiv 18, which begins with pahad, so Isa. viii 12-13 contains five references to fear (yr', three times) and dread ('rs, twice). 14 W. W. McCullough, "Net", IDB 3, pp. 539-40.

A DEUTERONOMISTIC FORMULA <-n

+ rWbu>

According to the latest Biblical Hebrew lexicon, HALAT, in its English version, the Qal verb -t:W is said to mean, when conjoined with another verb, "to do something carefully".' As an example, Deut iv 6 ni7 i 1?: is mentioned. Such an analysis is not new: in Gesenius's dictionary of 1915 one reads: "M. folg. V.: acht geben und, d.h. etw. vorsichtig u. gewissenhaft ausfiihren, m. i:tl1 Dt 4,6.. ."2 In other words, the first verb of this collocation expresses an adverbial notion. According to this analysis, 10ti would be syntactically similar to a verb such as Hifil 'D'.'Tin 1 Sam xvi 17 ?l-5'' tt.' R "a man who plays well" or Piel Trr1as in Gen xxvii 20 stw2 Fri_'Q"you have found quickly".3In the case of our collocation the second verb can take the form of an inf. cst. as in Deut vi 3 "CoD: ni1 _ . movii. As it will become clear later, there is a good reason for keeping our syntagm apart from a case such as the following, also with the same two verbs combined in the same sequence: Deut xiii 19 'nfl1-5-ntn ~lb7.' n 1 n ':: Mrn''7D Ml.n~b Mrw -1' r~Stm j, in which the inf. nlntL: represents an epexegetical use of the inf. cst.: "... by doing the right thing in the eyes of the Lord".4 Our deuteronomistic5 formula comes in a number of distinct syntactic shapes: a) paratactic or hypotactic, b) with or without a direct object, c) an object with only one verb or with both, d) object fronting. By making grateful use of an exhaustive list of occurrences of the formula as compiled by Driver,6 one can attempt the following syntactic classification:
A: Paratactic Aa: 'Wt + Waw + il;D (no object) 1) Deut iv 6 Drr'iDl nrl.ni ? Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2002 Also available online - www.brill.nl VetusTestamentum LII, 4

SHORT NOTES

5499
7irm -i nln-~A Untin

R I-fl-A 2) Deut xxiv 8 DflM

~=

nt.&

3) Deut xxviii 13 libt~ mi'7T 'Zsm = k '-'2w 7 F,flfl'in

+ obj. Ab: 'Invi + Waw + MbiD Deut vii MbM 12 MDr nf 11f MVjn9 4) n-til i*WlTC'MZnil Ac: 7W + obj. + Waw + ilt + obj. [NB: the two objects are coreferential.] -nR MMM'o nnzn11 '1-i-1T7 5) Deut xxix 8 MrA Dnl't-Unrnrt Ad: obj. + -1W + Waw + flbVD Sim', 6) Deut xxiii 24 n'Di bVin B: Hypotactic Ba: njfDDi'IMt (and no obj.) rn-itil 7) Deut vi 3 nlb

I,Z-1VjK: IT 8) Deut v 32 MmT nituU MntnVjI2

tA njb.L -13

Bb: nijtp~ -in + obj. Mn-IC 9) Deut v 1 MDfl1bS)'

I 10) Deut vi 25 nMMlM1M2e

Bc: 'InSi + obj. + nflb-U + obj. [NB: the two objects are coreferential and the second obj. is a suffix.] I ?,-) n1tt i At1Mj4 fl-17SO, 11) Deut xix 9 r7n)ibD~ Bd: obj. + nl1uoZ-inv ': -17jA m1r7SM;Z'5 12) Deut viii 1 nl1bYL 11-i 1'n -p'rz J

The patterns with a fronted object, Ad and Bd, the latter in particular, may be interpreted as a variant on Ab and Bb respectively whether or not there is any pragmatic, functional difference depending on the position of the object. Nor does there appear to be any difference in meaning or function between (1) [Aa, paratactic, no obj.] and (7) [Ba, hypotactic, no obfl.1' The next important question is whether the pattern (b) with a single object and the pattern (c) with an object following each of the two verbs, with the two objects being coreferential, are in functional opposition. Is there, for instance, any functional difference between (10) and (11)? The adverbial interpretation of -107ican be postulated only for would justify its transla(10). Therefore one wonders how the JNRSV "we tion dilligently observe" (10) and "you difligently observe" (1 ).'1 Since, as we said above, the object fronting does not probably affect the function of the formula concerned, there would be no difference 1 and (12) fl-invin MIDDu between (10) nlb.U InVi as regards the syntactic value of the hypotactic combination of the two verbs. Since there does not appear to be any real difference in meaning r-lt (Pattern Bb) and MFl=y 1'pFrFr between M'pm fl M n- lot 1 MiRnMD and also because adverbial function of the any alleged (Pattern Bc),

550

SHORT NOTES

first verb can only be postulated for Pattern Bb (and possibly Ab), it follows that the pattern Bb is an elliptical variant on Pattern Bc and consequently the verb 2Vt.of our formula has no adverbial value and it is an ordinary verb, though its semantic value does contain a component of gradation as indicated by the use of 'T7 as in (2) and Josh xxii 5 nriqb 'wrn lq pimlrn1l ... nfl. To -tVi as a full verb we could assign the sense "to be mindful, heedful of and attentive to". In not a few cases our formula is preceded immediately by an injunction to be attentive to divine message: Deut vii 12 "you shall hear these judgements"; xxviii 13 "you shall listen to the commandments of the Lord"; v 1 "Hear, Israel, the statutes and ordinances" and the like. Though not belonging to our formula, the alternation between UIT in the Decalogue is instructive: Deut v 11 and DTr rlni_1 ni-nl llQ2 m nl Ti!.'18 Just as in this comitiwp1 II Ex xx 8 lqTp-L nrln nr mandment in which the actual observance of sabbath is indicated by the second verb, WTp,so is it Ml:o that indicates that one does and practises what is demanded by laws, statutes, ordinances and the like. Another indication of the basically independent nature of the firstverb MZ is illustrated by 1 Kgs vi 12 rnM?l n'ortw in-n rl 'nprn nl -l[n DMM nL:b 'Bnlrn-i-nB where the two verbs are reversed and the second follows a Waw inversive, which is a variant on the standard Deuteronomistic pattern. Also significant in this respect is the use of the Waw conversive with a second verb, a feature not attested by definition with verbs such as 'l7', Z'C'l: e.g., Lev xxvi 3 nl-rIn 'nl r nMl
n.l .nwrrt. 19

The infinitive of n:tD "lT of our formula may be, after all, epexegetical in function.20 Leiden T. Muraoka M. Malessa

The Hebrewand AramaicLexiconof the Old Testament, translated and edited under the supervision of M.EJ. Richardson (Leiden/Boston/Koln, 1999), p. 4, p. 1583a. 2 WilhelmGesenius' hebrdisches und aramaisches Handwdrterbuch fiberdas Alte Testament ... bearbeitet von Dr. Frants Buhl (17th ed.: repr., Berlin/Gottingen/Heidelberg, 1962), p. 848. - T. 3 For a description of this phenomenon, see P. Joiion Muraoka, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew(Rome, 1993), ? 124 n. 4 For a discussion with more examples, see Joiion - Muraoka, Grammar, ? 124 o. This example, therefore, should be deleted from Driver's list. 5 Some of the examples mentioned below, particularly in footnotes, fall outside of the strictly deuteronomistic source, but patently under its influence in locution.

SHORT NOTES
6

551

on Deuteronomy S.R. Driver, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary (ICC: 3rd ed., Edinburgh, 1902), p. lxxxiii, list 68a and 68b. 7 We follow here the Massoretic accentuation with an athnach on MlD5. Furthermore, it is just possible to interpet a comparative clause introduced by the preposition Kaph as object clause, which applies to Deut v 32, xvii 10, xxiv 8, Josh i 7-8 and 2 Kgs xxi 8. Note in this connection 2 Kgs xxi 8 Dn7'I -ITN 5= rMlT 1-nr2' Mr 112 Chr xxxiii 8 with... Mnti -Sj nf. 8 l 'nt, Though not strictly "deuteronomistic", one may add here 2 Chr xix 7 -iU an example mentioned by F. Zorell, LexiconHebraicum et AramaicumVeterisTestamenti (Rome, 1968), p. 865a. 9 Four more examples may be found at Deut xvi 12, xxvi 16, Josh xxiii 6, and Neh x 30. '0 Also Lev xix 37, xx 8, 22, xxii 31, xxv 18, xxvi 3 (with a Waw conversive), Ezek xi 20 (ditto), xviii 19 (ditto), xx 19, xxxvii 24 (ditto), xliii 11, Neh i 9. " This example is somewhat problematic and may not represent the formula in question: the object belongs to a semantic field totally distinct from that of all the remaining examples such as laws and ordinances. More "deuteronomistic" is Ezek xxxvi

27 rnbi l'ntrn 'orinl.

12 Also Deut xvii 10, xxiv 8, Josh i 7-8, 2 Kgs xxi 8. 13 Also Deut xi 32, xii 1, xv 5, xxviii 1, xxviii 15, xxviii 58, xxxi 12, xxxii 46, Josh

xxiii 6, 1 Chr xxii 13, 2 Chr xxxiii 8. 14 Also Deut vii nlMt .n-tQ 'E-rnnW l we 11, xi 22, xvii 9. In Ezek xx 21 WniR have a combination of the patterns Bc and Bd. 15 Also Deut xiii 1, 2 Kgs xvii 37. 16 with Gen xlv 13 T.'i3'.: nf Tnlinl c.lmnl1. Compare Gen xxvii 20 tQ.5 Fn17.r 17 Cf. omniapraecepta maneius, but (11) custodieris etfecerimus Vulgate: (10) custodierimus data eius etfeceris. 18 At Ps ciii 18 'f 'rtbl ln"l' the concluding inf. reinforces the t Mnblt25 1'1 of the two verbs in synonymity question. 19 More examples are listed in n. 10 above. 20 HALAT 4, p. 1583a mentions two other examples: 2 Kgs x 31 -1To p Wr'1Z ,mm'nlin. n.:Z and Num xxiii 12 'i1_ 'tW in l. The first can be taken as an elliptical expression, an interpretation which can be supported by the following two cases: Lev xviii 4 nM n:b1 lnttrn 'rnpn nll l:iTn 'Dr2TI-n and Judg ii 22 Di D'"n-., 1 D: n M:IM1;T The second probably means "That, namely the message indi'1l-nr. cated by my God, I shall bear in mind when I come to speak": cf. Vulg. aliudpossum Dominus.There is then no special difficulty with another example loqui nisi quodiusserit mentioned by Zorell, Lexicon,p. 865a: 1 Chr xxviii 8 .1Itl ,l11P'ni?n-':. See .TOD further Num xxviii 2 'T :"'pn5 l'nQln .. 'n-nl.

"ICH HATTE MEINE TORA IN IHRE MIT'IE GEGEBEN": DAS GEWICHT EINER NICHT BERUCKSICHTIGTEN PERFEKTFORM IN JER. XXXI 33 Dieser Artikel richtet sein Augenmerk auf die Perfektform des Verbs in Jer xxxi 33d. Das anvisierte Satzpaar V 33d.e steht "geben" (F7ni) im des Abschnittes vom Neuen Bund, Jer xxxi 31Zentrum gleichsam und benennt das Neue am zukiinftigen Bund. Wie ich zeigen 34,
? Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2002 Also available online - www.brill.nl VetusTestamentum LII, 4