Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
X-Ray tubes
Ref: Bushberg 2
1
10/8/2002
Bremsstrahlung production
Ref: Bushberg 3
2
10/8/2002
Characteristic X-rays
Ref: Bushberg 5
Ref: Bushberg 6
3
10/8/2002
Ref: Bushberg 7
Cathode filaments
Ref: Bushberg 8
4
10/8/2002
Ref: Bushberg 9
Anode Geometry
Ref: Bushberg 10
5
10/8/2002
Ref: Webb 11
Ref: Bushberg 12
6
10/8/2002
Ref: Bushberg 13
Ref: Bushberg 14
7
10/8/2002
Ref: Bushberg 15
Ref: Bushberg 16
8
10/8/2002
Ref: Bushberg 17
Ref: Bushberg 18
9
10/8/2002
Ref: Bushberg 19
Ref: Bushberg 20
10
10/8/2002
E - Photon energy E
S(x,y,E,Ω) - Number of scattered photons
ε(Ε,θ) – energy absorption efficiency of the receptor
Average Scatter
11
10/8/2002
Contrast
Figure 2.6
Ref: Webb, chapter 2 23
I1 I2
12
10/8/2002
13
10/8/2002
A rule of thumb is that humans can perceive objects when SNR is 5 or greater
(ref. A. Rose, Vision: human and electronic, (Plenum: New York) 1973.)
(ref. A. Rose, Vision: human and electronic, (Plenum: New York) 1973.) Ref: Webb, chapter 2 28
14
10/8/2002
Ref: Bushberg 30
15
10/8/2002
Ref: Bushberg 31
Magnification in Radiography
Focal spot size, F, and edge of gradient, f, observed.
f = F (M-1), where M = I/O = SID/SOD
Ref: Bushberg 32
16
10/8/2002
Ref: Bushberg 33
Ref: Bushberg 34
17
10/8/2002
Ref: Bushberg 35
Ref: Bushberg 36
18
10/8/2002
Ref: Bushberg 37
Ref: Bushberg 38
19
10/8/2002
Ref: Bushberg 39
Ref: Bushberg 40
20
10/8/2002
Ref: Bushberg 41
Ref: Bushberg 42
21
10/8/2002
Ref: Bushberg 43
Artifacts
Ref: Bushberg 44
22
10/8/2002
Digital Radiography
Ref: Bushberg 45
Computed Radiography
– photostimulable phosphor detector systems for radiography
23
10/8/2002
Computed Radiography
– photostimulable phosphor detector systems for radiography
Ref: Bushberg 47
Computed Radiography
– photostimulable phosphor detector systems for radiography
Ref: Bushberg 48
24
10/8/2002
Ref: Bushberg 49
Ref: Bushberg 50
25
10/8/2002
Ref: Bushberg 51
Ref: Bushberg 52
26
10/8/2002
_
G = avg. gray scale value
D(x,y) = dark image
without x-rays
Ref: Bushberg 53
Ref: Bushberg 54
27
10/8/2002
Matrix smoothing
filter:
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
Matrix edge
enhancement filter
1 1 1
1 9 1
1 1 1
Ref: Bushberg 55
Matrix smoothing
filter:
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
Matrix edge
enhancement filter
1 1 1
1 9 1
1 1 1
Ref: Bushberg 56
28
10/8/2002
Ref: Bushberg 57
29