Food Assistance for Assets (FFA) Manual ANNEX A-1

ANNEX A-1: ALIGNING FFA TO WFP PROGRAMME

CATEGORIES

ODXP PREVENTION & RECOVERY WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME

ANNEX A-1: ALIGNING FFA TO WFP PROGRAMME CATEGORY

FFA Manual Annex A-1 (2011): version 1. This Annex was published and made electronically available in July 2011. Where relevant, this module supersedes previous guidance on FFA interventions. Please inform ODXPs Prevention and Recovery team if you identify outdated information that causes confusion with the information presented here. Any updates to Annex A-1 will be outlined below (and include page numbers) to allow FFA practitioners with an older version to identify where changes have occurred: No changes as yet.

ANNEX A-1: ALIGNING FFA TO WFP PROGRAMME CATEGORY

APPENDIX II: ALIGNING FFA TO WFP PROGRAMME CATEGORIES

A. EMOP Objectives of FFA Type of FFA (including possibility to use CFW / Vouchers interventions) a. FFA to be considered only under specific conditions: - urgent repair of damaged community assets required to saving lives during the emergency such as the restoration of adequate water supply, sanitation and health installations, and access roads to enable food to be delivered. - seed protection rations (few contexts only and based on ascertained needs) and only if associated with conditional approaches. a. To be considered only for selected FFA activities under specific conditions such as: - urgent repair of damaged community assets required to save lives during the emergency. For example the restoration of adequate water supply, sanitation and health installations, and repair access roads to enable delivery of food assistance. - seed protection rations associated with conditional approaches (see above A1). b. Implement off-the-shelf projects when minimum capacity for implementation is ensured (priority to projects linked to saving lives). Additional criteria to consider

A1. Emergency situations (standard) - Saving lives - Protecting livelihoods

i. The use of FFA will depend on: i/1. Assessed needs, and; ii/2. Capacity of partners. If technical capacity for the type of interventions required is not available, either a Special Operation (SO) or a partnered intervention (e.g. via the food security cluster approach, etc) need to be organized.

A2. EMOP in situations where Government policy requires able persons to work for transfers received - Saving lives - Protecting livelihoods

i. Govt policy need to be acknowledged by donors. ii. Donors will agree with WFP to include short term FFA activity in EMOP. iii. Tools availability/pre-positioned (or made available by partners).

ANNEX A-1: ALIGNING FFA TO WFP PROGRAMME CATEGORY

B. PRRO with a PROTRACTED RELIEF focus Objectives of FFA Type of FFA (including possibility to use CFW / Vouchers interventions) B.1 PRRO with a. Protracted relief situations with higher emphasis on unconditional transfers (UCTs) or GFD as relief (standard) a priority. GFD may be associated with FFA such as food-for-training (FFT) and - Saving lives the promotion of mutual-help efforts - Protecting such as: livelihoods - Promotion of local i. Enhanced solidarity efforts and level efforts and behavioural change e.g. attendance of light FFA. people falling ill, cleaning/hygiene, child care, etc. ii. The promotion of self-help efforts (youth groups, etc), creation of women associations, etc.

Additional criteria to consider

i. Same as A1 (Emergency Situations) + UCT (GFD/Cash Relief/Vouchers Relief) can gradually shift towards light conditional transfers (CT) using low tech/low risk FFA which do not include major capacity building as prerequisites for implementation. ii. Solidarity driven activities can also be combined to FFA linked to the lives-saving activities mentioned in A1 and/or A2 above. iii. Gvt and donors agree to support a PRRO which gradually shifts towards early recovery (e.g. where some conflict areas may become safer; where communities have relief committees capable to organize themselves for labour intensive works; where there is infrastructure that needs urgent repair; and where capacity is being built, etc) and where: iii/1. Partnership with FAO or other specialized institution (GTZ, etc) becomes possible. iii/2. Seasonal analysis and gender protection measures need to be put in place.

ANNEX A-1: ALIGNING FFA TO WFP PROGRAMME CATEGORY

C. PRRO with an EARLY RECOVERY focus Objectives of FFA Type of FFA (including possibility to use CFW / Vouchers interventions) C.1 PRRO in rapid a. In areas with low capacity: Low techonset disaster areas low risk labour intensive works dedicated to the immediate - Combination of rehabilitation of key livelihood assets protective (high (e.g. FFA such as the removal of debris emphasis) and from schools, dwellings, streets, light productive repair of roads and irrigation canals, (moderate etc). These activities will be targeted to emphasis) efforts most needy able bodied households aimed at reducing previously supported with General Food negative coping Distributions (GFD) or other UCTs. strategies, avoid assets depletion, b. In areas with higher capacity: Quality and restore key repair of roads and bridges by livelihood assets specialised agencies, NGOs, and/or Govt improving access to provided with sufficient technical food. capacity and complementary inputs C.2 PRRO in slow a. In areas with low capacity: Low techonset disaster areas low risk labour intensive works dedicated to the repair of community - Combination of infrastructure using local knowledge, protective (high e.g. de-silting and deepening water emphasis) and ponds/pans, collection of stones and productive stone shaping (for future work), (moderate to high compost making or collection of farm emphasis) efforts yard manure, vegetative fencing using aimed at reducing local materials, etc. negative coping strategies, avoid b. In areas with higher capacity: assets depletion, FFA to support community based local and restore key level plans and/or rural development livelihood assets plans (based on local and partners improving access to capacity) food. c. Support the implementation of offthe-shelf projects available at district level and able to employ people at times of need to improve access to food (e.g. seasonal support) for example PRRO can support existing Govt employment generation schemes for early recovery

Additional criteria to consider

i. Shift from relief (GFD, etc) to ER (FFA) can occur in 15-30 days following the shock in areas with pre-positioned stocks and prepared shelf plans + sufficient capacity. ii. In areas with accessible stocks but with limited capacity and/or long cyclonic seasons/slow flood receding areas shifts to ER usually start 30-90 days from the time of the shock. Note: Livelihood seasonal analysis will further inform the choice and timing of measures.

i. Early recovery response need to be modest and largely protective in case of limited local capacity and limited partners presence. In b) FFA will have to be planned based on as seasonal livelihood analysis (e.g. FFA should not to interfere during land preparation and other key periods and provide support during lean season). ii. Minimum capacity efforts will need to be undertaken before the commencement of low tech FFA interventions. iii. Set of selected activities in b) requires sufficient capacity building is in place hence to start only if: (1) there are partners with such capacity in the area, (2) tools are available and community planning has been undertaken. It is suggested to start ER activities only after at least 3-6 months from the beginning of the PRRO operation (for key Cap.bld. to be completed first).

ANNEX A-1: ALIGNING FFA TO WFP PROGRAMME CATEGORY

C.3 Protracted relief and early recovery in conflict affected zones - Objectives same as C1 above, with priority to identify activities able to kick start livelihoods in post conflict situations while protecting livelihoods of the most vulnerable and those unable to work

a. Low tech-low risk community based activities such as: - proper land clearing and prevention of deforestation, - seed protection (only if complemented with conditional support measures), - construction materials and/or stone collection and shaping for major infrastructure repair and reconstruction of livelihoods and communal infrastructure assets, - seed collection (indigenous varieties known to local communities) - land preparation for nursery sites, - de-silting of water ponds - establishment of vegetative fences using local materials, - stone lines along the contours for moisture conservation in pastures, - eradication of local invaders (e.g. Prosopis juliflora) from irrigation canals, pastures and settlements

i. Type of activities often precursor for late recovery and rebuilding of major livelihood assets. These activities should normally start within the first year of the PRRO and link to late recovery and consolidation during the second year.

ANNEX A-1: ALIGNING FFA TO WFP PROGRAMME CATEGORY

D. PRRO with a LATE RECOVERY focus D.1 PRRO in rapid a. Type of activities in areas with low onset disaster areas capacity will mimic low tech/low-risk models and focus on complete the - objectives build restoration of access to social upon the above C1, infrastructure and repair of housing for with priority to most vulnerable households, clearing of complete the irrigation canals, and road repairs. restoration/rebuildi ng of basic b. In areas with enhanced local capacity livelihoods assets and/or NGOs with consolidated while protecting the experience in labour intensive activities livelihood of the or specific initiatives linked to most vulnerable + environmental rehabilitation, the choice - developing of FFA can expand to be directly linked suitable resilience to ongoing partners development plans. building and transition or Example of activities (for b): handover strategies - Major road construction and maintenance - Drainage and irrigation canals clearing - Community based watershed rehabilitation (soil and water conservation, flood protection, etc) - Support to expansion of nursery production and reforestation efforts (e.g. tree planting pitting and re-pitting, mulching, etc) - Windbreaks plantations - Shelters construction and enhanced housing

i. In rapid onset crisis areas these activities can normally start some 3 months after early recovery phase ii. Sufficient capacity or capacity building as well as qualified partners a prerequisite for late recovery. iii. Handover strategies developed with local and other partners (Govt, donors, NGOs, etc).

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D2. PRRO and late recovery in conflict affected zones - Objectives similar as C3 above with priority to the rebuilding of key livelihood assets in post conflict situations while protecting livelihoods of the most vulnerable - PRRO that enable establish the basis for longer term safety nets (handover strategy) but only if areas of return continue to be highly food insecure D3. PRRO and late recovery in slow onset disaster affected zones - Objectives same as D1. Focus on restoration of assets and resilience building, targeting communities and households most vulnerable /affected by these shocks.

a. In areas with low capacity low techlow risk community based activities such as: - local housing construction - repair of social assets (schools, etc) - compost preparation and distribution - traditional conservation methods - others as per local capacity b. In areas with improved/enhanced capacity - nursery establishment - reforestation supported by moisture conservation structures - flood control structures - road construction and major maintenance - ford crossing/Irish bridges - water ponds and other water structures construction - conflict resolution workshops and training (amongst pastoral groups) - others as per local conditions a. In areas with low capacity low techlow risk community based activities such as in D2-a above. b. In areas with improved/enhanced capacity same as in D2-b above AND: - conflict resolution workshops (amongst pastoral groups) and training - others as per local conditions and livelihood type (e.g. pastoral)

i. Identification of key livelihood assets and role of WFP and partners to be very clearly defined. ii. Late recovery FFA activities in case of low capacity contexts need to be planned to be safe-staged or handed over to local communities or partners by the end of the operation. iii. Partnership building and provision of capacity critical to support post conflict rehabilitation in b). iv. Late recovery FFA activities in higher capacity contexts may evolve into a CP programme category at the end of the 2-3 years PRRO cycle, based upon consensus with stakeholders (Govt and donors in particular), and on the specific role for food assistance post PRRO, and the strengthening of country level emergency response capabilities. Same as above

ANNEX A-1: ALIGNING FFA TO WFP PROGRAMME CATEGORY

E. Country Programme (CP) and Development Projects (Dev) Objectives of FFA Type of FFA (including possibility to use CFW / Vouchers interventions) a. FFA to support a number of activities E1. Slow onset related to support households and shock prone areas communities to mitigate recurrent shocks, shift towards more sustainable - Enabling use of the natural resource base and development, increase access to development including mitigation opportunities of the effects of catastrophic events Example of interventions include and major capacity - Labour intensive community and development of household based assets linked to local and gvt integrated watershed or area based institutions on DRR participatory rehabilitation (from and support to stakeholders efforts on adaptation/resilienc physical and biological soil and water e conservation efforts, agro-forestry and homestead development, etc). - Income generation activities linked to the sustainable use of the natural resource base. - Complementary support to specific agencies and Govt efforts (e.g. FAO, GTZ, WB, etc) on sustainable land management. - Others (e.g. specific livelihood skills training, etc) E2. Rapid onset a. same a above with focus on flood shock prone areas control measures, shelters and other - Enabling preventative measures (context specific) development, including mitigation of the effects of catastrophic events

Additional criteria to consider i. The basic shift from PRRO to CP will be determined by the need to enhance the livelihood conditions of the vulnerable households/communities beyond what was the level of vulnerability that made them exposed to shocks and vulnerable in the first place. ii. Shifts from PRRO to CPs/Dev should occur by the end of a 2-3 year PRRO cycle in contexts where sufficient capacity exists and in close consultation & agreement with all key stakeholders involved. Alternatively a PRRO consolidation phase coupled with a capacity building phase prior to a CP/DEV is suggested and will need to be aligned with major development strategies & partnerships.

Same as above adapted to rapid onset crisis