Environmental Management Measures Design for Reducing Vehicular Air Pollution in Dhaka City

MGT 682

Environmental Management

I NTRODUCTION

According to The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates urban outdoor air pollution is causing 1.3 million deaths worldwide per year Air pollution is one of the major reasons for Dhaka to be ranked as second worst city in the world

The lives of the city dwellers have been hampered due to air contamination, particularly vehicular air pollution and dust pollution

I NTRODUCTION
A recent study by BBS on Risk assessment of particulate matter and other causes of air pollution found that pollution is causing

74,000 cases of chronic bronchitis, about 70 million cases of restricted activity days about 14,000 cases of respiratory diseases
over 286,000 emergency room visits about 2.8 million cases of asthma attacks and over 220 million respiratory symptom days each year in the capital alone pollution entails economic losses to 3-4 per cent of the country's national GDP

Major Pollutants and Health Effects

Pollutants
Particulate matter
NO2
CO

Health Effects
Cardiopulmonary diseases, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, lung cancer

Respiratory illness & lung tissue damage

Cardiovascular and coronary problems, increase risk of stroke and impair learning ability, dexterity and sleep Asthma and chronic bronchitis Interferes with respiratory functions reduced lung capacity

SO2 Ozone

ANNUAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY TREND Particulate Matters

Figure 1 Annual Average Ambient PM10 levels in Dhaka and Chittagong in 2002-2007 (g/m3)

Figure 2 Annual Average Ambient PM2.5 levels in Dhaka and Chittagong in 2002-2007 (g/m3)

ANNUAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY TREND NO2 & SO2

Figure 3: Seasonal Variations in NO2 concentrations in Dhaka (PPB)

Figure 4: Monthly SO2 concentrations in Dhaka (PPB)

V EHICULAR A IR P OLLUTION

IN

D HAKA C ITY

NUMBER OF YEARWISE REGISTERED MOTOR VEHICLES IN DHAKA

35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 2004 Motor Car 2005 2006 2007 Years Bus 2008 2009 2010 Truck

Motorcycle

Minibus

V EHICULAR A IR P OLLUTION

IN

D HAKA C ITY P ROBLEMS

Lack of public transport

Traffic congestion

CNG price hike

High bus fare

Vehicular emission

E NVIRONMENTAL M ANAGEMENT M EASURES

Reducing total transport Facilitating Public Transport demand

Reducing emission

Increasing demand for fuel efficient car Vehicle emission control Promotion of cleaner alternative fuel

E NVIRONMENTAL M ANAGEMENT M EASURES

FACILITATING P UBLIC T RANSPORT

Regulatory

Economic

Suasive

- Restriction on registration of new motorcycles. - Establishing laws which will prohibit use of more than one car per family.

- Parking fees for motorcycle - Higher taxes on private cars -Congestion charges - Higher price for gasoline - Lower CNG price for public transports - Reduce the operational costs of CNG run public transports

-Public awareness creation

-Education in schools and universities for use of public transport

- Car Sharing

E NVIRONMENTAL M ANAGEMENT M EASURES

I NCREASE
Regulatory Restriction on importing environment damaging vehicles.

DEMAND FOR FUEL EFFICIENT CARS

Economic Incentive to sellers by charging lower import duties Incentive to buyers by charging lower tax rate & minimum registration fees

Suasive Make people aware of the benefits of using a fuel efficient car (i.e., greener, cheaper, low repair cost etc.)

E NVIRONMENTAL M ANAGEMENT M EASURES V EHICLE EMISSION CONTROL

Tightening the emission standards Banning old vehicles from streets Strict schedule for inspection and maintenance Restriction on importing and distributing high sulfur diesel High import duty on diesel vehicles Higher taxes on low quality and old vehicles Grant subsidy for installing emission control devices Subsidy to facilitate phasing out low quality and old vehicles

Regulatory

Economic

Suasive

Encourage drivers to turn off their engine while they stuck in traffic

E NVIRONMENTAL M ANAGEMENT M EASURES

P ROMOTION
OF

LPG

GAS

C ONCLUSION
Alternative form of Transport

Urban Planning

Investment on Automotive Industry

Participation of all Stakeholders

THANK YOU!