Present Simple Tense

Forms: Affirmative: S + V 1 Interogative: Do/Does ( singular III) + S + V1 Negative: S + Do/Does + Not + V1 We use Present Simple Tense for :

timetables
e.g. The train leaves at 10 pm.

in sports commentaries
e.g. He hits the ball and passes to Steven.

for general truths, lowes of nature

e.g. Water boils at 100 C.

permanent situations or states

e.g. She works in a hospital.

repeated/ habitual actions

e.g. I usually get up at 6 oclock. Adverbs: Every day/week/month/year etc.Usually, often ,always ,rarealy ,never, sometimes etc.In the morning/evening/afternoon etc. At night, on Mondays etc. Spelling:
Verbs ending in ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o -es : I watch he watches; I go he goes. Verbs ending in a consonant + y ( drops the y) -ies I study he studies. BUT verbs ending in a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) ys I buy he buys.

Present Continous Tense

Forms:
Affirmative: S + TO BE( am/are/is) + V-ing Negative: S+ TO BE + NOT + V-ing Interogative: TO BE + S + V-ing

We use Present Continous Tense for: temporary situations

e.g. They are living with Ann at present.

actions happening at or around the moment of speaking

e.g. She is looking for a better job.

repeted actions with always expressing annoyance or criticism

e.g. You are always interrupting me.

fixed arrangements in the near future

e.g. We are visiting grandma on Saturday.

changing or developing actions

e.g. Your English is getting better.

Adverbs:
Now, at the moment At present, nowadays Today, these days etc.

Spelling:
When verbs end in a stressed vowel followed by a consonant, we double the final consonant: swim swimming sit sitting BUT : walk walking ( vowel + two consonants ) wait waiting ( diphtong ) When the infinitive ends in one e, we delete the e : write writing dive - diving Look at the spelling of these verbs! lie lying die dying

Present Perfect Simple Tense

Forms:
Affirmative: S + have/has + IIIrd form of the verb Negative: S + have/has + not + IIIrd form of the verb Interogative: Have/has + S + IIIrd form of the verb

We use Present Continous Tense for: recently completed actions

She has washed her blouse.

actions which happend at an unstated past time and are connected with the present
He has lost his keys. ( He is still looking for them )

personal experiences/changes which have happend

Ive lost 10 kilos.

emphasis on number
Hes written three stories this month. Adverbs: Just : I have just met her. Lately: Mary has not visited us lately. Already: I have already told them about the party. ( affirmative) Yet: I havent told them yet. ( negative) Ever: Have you ever worked in a dispensary? Often: I have often taken care of a sick people. Since: I havent seen her since September. ( since + inceputul perioadei de timp) For: I havent ridden for 3 years. ( for + perioada de timp )

Present Perfect Simple ( perfectul compus) este folosit pentru a marca o actiune terminata, al carei moment nu este precizat exact.

Present Perfect Continous Tense

Forms:
Affirmative: S + have/has + been + V-ing ( gerund) Negative: S + have/has + not + been + V-ing Interogative: Have/has + S + been + V-ing

We use Present Perfect Continous Tense for: actions started in the past and continuing up to the present
Shes been listening to music for 3 hours.

past actions of certain duration having visible results or effects in the present
Theyve been playing football, they look so tired.

actions expessing anger, irritation, annoyance, explanation or criticism

Who has been using my toothbrush?

emphasis or duration
Shes been packing since this morning. Adverbs: How long : How long has your brother been watching those Tv shows? For: She has been reading for an hour. Since: He has been talking since this morning.

PPST is used for more permanent situations. PPCT is used for more temporary actions. How long + PPCT+ duration + ... ? How much/many + PPST + result, quantity, number + ... ?

Past Simple Tense

Forms:
Affirmative: S + V-ed/ IIndform of the verb Negative: S + did + not + V Interogative: Did + S + V

We use Past Tense for: past actions which happend one after the other
She got up, washed and had breakfast.

complete actions or events which happend at a stated past time

They phoned three days ago.

past habits or states

He used to go to school on foot.

actions which happend at a definite past time although the time is not mentioned. These actions are not connected with the present
Shakespeare wrote a lot of plays. ( Shakespeare is now dead, he wont write again period of time is now finished ) Adverbs: Yesterday, last week /night/ month/ year/ summer ... How long, then, two/three/four ... days/ weeks/ minutes ago In 1998, on Monday etc. Spelling:
-e- d Like liked Hate - hated Close - closed Consonant + y -ied Carry - carried Study - studied Tidy - tidied Double consonant + ed Prefer - preferred Stop - stopped Travel - travelled Vowel+y yed Play - played Enjoy - enjoyed Stay - stayed

Past Continous Tense

Forms:
Affirmative: S + was/were + V-ing Negative: S + was/were + not + V-ing Interogative: Was/were + S + V-ing?

We use Past Continous for:

an action going on a stated past time She was eating at 8 a.m. yesterday. a past action in progress
While I was watching TV, mum came home from work.

two or more simultaneous past actions

While mum was reading my dad was working in the yard.

a description of events in a story

They were waliking in the forest when they heard the strange noise... Adverbs: While:While I was reading, my mum made some cookies. When: I was studying when she called. Just: You were just studying when she called. We use: when + short action (simple past tense) while + long action (past continuous tense)

Past Perfect Simple Tense

Forms:
Affirmative: S + had + V3 Negative S + had + not + V3 Interogative Had + S + V3?

We use Past Perfect Simple for: to show an action happened in the past before another event took place
e.g. They had already finished their dinner when I arrived to join them.

The event in the past perfect tense occurred before the event in the simple past tense. a past action which had visible results in the past
e.g.He was in a hospital because he had had an accident at work.

Adverbs: By 6 oclock/Saturday/ Monday/ 7 p.m etc.

When: When he had done his homework, he went for a smoke in the park. After: After I had eaten five apples, I felt ill. Already: It had already stopped raining when I bought an umbrella. Just :The whole house had just burnt down when the firemen got there. As soon as: As soon as she had got married, she regretted it. If: I would have bought two if I had brought enough money. If only: If only he had shut up at the meeting. Wish: They wish they had not seen that scary movie.

Past Perfect Continous Tense

Forms:
Affirmative: S + had + been + V-ing Negative: S + had + not + been + V-ing Interogative: Had + S + been + V-ing

We use Past Perfect Continous for: for an action that occurred over a period of time in the past
e.g. He had been playing saxophone in a jazz band.

for an action which started and finished in the past before another past action
e.g. Jack got a job at last. He had been looking for a job since last year.

a past action having certain duration and visible results in the past e.g. He was
tired because he had been playing football.

a past action going on over a period of time up to a specific moment in the past e.g. She had been working as a nurse for 10 years before she resigned. Adverbs:For, since

Future Simple Tense

Forms:
Affirmative: S+ will + Verb Negative: S + will + not + Verb Interogative: Will + S + Verb

We use Future Simple for: decisions taken at the moment of speaking

e.g. O.K. Ill take the blue one.

hopes,fears,offers,promises,warnings,request, especially with words such as : think, suppose, hope, believe, know and probably
e.g. Shall I do my homework? Will you help me?

Adverbs:
Tomorrow, tonight, soon, next week/ month/ year/ summer, in a week/ a moment

Future Continous Tense

Forms:
Affirmative: S + Wiil + be + V-ing Negative: S + will + not + be + V-ing Interogative: Will + S + be + V-ing

We use Future Continous for: actions going on a certain moment in the future e.g. Ill be walking on the beach this time tomorrow. actions which are the result of a routine e.g. Ill be seeing Tom tomorrow, at work.We share the same office. when we ask politely about peoples arrangements to see if they can do something for us or because we want to offer to do something for them e.g. Will you be going to the supermarket? Can you buy me some tea? Adverbs:
Tomorrow, tonight, soon, next week/ month/ year/ summer, in a week/ a moment

Future Perfect Simple Tense

Forms:
Affirmative: S + will + have + V3 Negative: S + will not + have + V3 Interogative: Will + S + have + V3

We use Future Perfect for: actions which will be finished before a stated future time e.g. He will have visited Jamaica by the end of the year. e.g. She wont have finished her homework until 9 oclock. Adverbs: Before, by, then, by the time, until ( is used only in negative sentences with this tense )

Future Perfect Continous Tense

Forms:
Affirmative: S + will + have been + V-ing Negative: S + will not + have been + V-ing Interogative: Will + S + have been + V-ing

We use Future Perfect Continous for: durations of an action up to a certain time in the future e.g. By the end of this year, she will have been working here for 2 years. Adverbs: By... for

Be Going To
Forms:
Affirmative: S + To be + Going to + Verb Negative: S + To be + not +Going to + Verb Interogative: To be + S + Going to + Verb

We use Be Going To for: actions intended to be performed in the near future e.g Im going to meet her tomorrow. planned actions or intentions e.g They are going to have a party on their birthday. evidence that something will be definitely happen in the near future e.g. She is going to have a baby. e.g Look! The sky is grey. Its going to rain. things we are sure about or we have already decided to do in the near future e.g. Hes going to be promoted. (The boss has decided to do it) Adverbs: Tomorrow, tonight, next week/month/year In two/three days/minutes/weeks The day after tomorrow, soon, in a week/ month etc