Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
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Submitted By
PALLAVI SINGH Roll No. -1236370030 MBA (2nd Year) Batch (2012-2014)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am extremely thankful & indebted to the numerous HAL executives and managerial staff who provided vital information about the functioning of their respective departments thus helping me to gain an overall idea about the working of organization. I am highly thankful for the support & guidance of each of them.
I am extremely thankful to Mr. PRIYATOSH MISHRA, ASST. PROFESSOR (HR & OB), AIMT, MOHANLALGANJ for providing me the opportunity to undergo this research and to work on my report. I also express my thanks to Mr. MADAN LAL, HR HEAD, HAL, LUCKNOW and all the members of staff for their help & cooperation and for giving me their valuable time &helping me to grasp the concepts.
I wish to give my sincere regards to my respected teachers who guided me to build a concrete platform before sending me on training so that I can land out firmly in all respects. PALLAVI SINGH Roll No. -1236370030 MBA (2nd Year)
DECLARATION
I, PALLAVI SINGH, student of AMBALIKA INSTITUTION OF
MANAGEMENT & TECHNOLOGY hereby declare that the study title TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT AT HINDUSTAN AERONAUTICS LIMITED (HAL) is Original and confide work done by me . The report is the result of my project on Training and Development at Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. Contents of this project are based on the organization work and Data collection done by me.
PREFACE
The global economy of the day has endangered the survival of every organization and in particular those who want to have a competitive edge over the others. The competitive edge may be a distant dream in the absence of Superior Quality Products which otherwise is the function of well-trained employees. Today resources are scarce and have to be used carefully and trainers of all kinds are required to justify their position and account for their activities. Training activities, which are ill, directed and inadequately focused, do not serve the purpose of the trainers. The trainees or the organization hence identification of training needs becomes the top priority of every progressive organization. Identification of training needs, if done properly, provides the basis on which all other training activities can be considered and will lead to multiskilling, fitting people to take extra responsibilities increasing all round competence and preparing people to take on higher level responsibility in future.
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE COLLEGE CERTIFICATE COMPANY CERTIFICATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT DECLARATION PREFACE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION COMPANY PROFILE TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH METHODOLOGY DATA ANALYSIS FINDINGS SUGGESTIONS ANNEXURE o o o REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHY QUESTIONNAIRE 2 3 4 6 9 13 24 68 74 90 92 94 95 96 97 PAGE NO.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Today, in every organisation personnel planning as an activity is necessary. It is an important part of an organisation. Human Resource Planning is a vital ingredient for the success of the organisation in the long run. There are certain ways that are to be followed by every organisation, which ensures that it has right number and kind of people, at the right place and right time, so that organisation can achieve its planned objective. The objectives of Human Resource Department are Human Resource Planning, Recruitment and Selection, Training and Development, Career planning, Transfer and Promotion, Risk Management, Performance Appraisal and so on. Each objective needs special attention and proper planning and implementation. Every organization needs to have well trained and experienced people to perform the activities that have to be done. If current or potential job occupants can meet this requirement, training is not important. When this not the case, it is necessary to raise the skill levels and increase the versatility and adaptability of employees. It is being increasing common for individual to change careers several times during their working lives. The probability of any young person learning a job today and having 7
those skills go basically unchanged during the forty or so years if his career is extremely unlikely, may be even impossible. In a rapid changing society employee training is not only an activity that is desirable but also an activity that an organization must commit resources to if it is to maintain a viable and knowledgeable work force. The entire project talks about the training and development in theoretical as well as new concepts, which are in trend now. Here we have discussed what would be the input of training if we ever go for and how can it be good to any organization in reaping the benefits from the money invested in terms like (ROI) i.e. return on investment. What are the ways we can identify the training need of any employee and how to know what kind of training he can go for? Training being covered in different aspect likes integrating it with organizational culture. The best and latest available trends in training method, the benefits which we can derive out of it. How the evaluation should be done and how effective is the training all together. Some of the companies practicing training in unique manner a lesson for other to follow as to how to train and retain the best resource in the world to reap the best out of it.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Employee training tries to improve skills, or add to the existing level of knowledge so that employee is better equipped to do his present job, or to prepare him for a higher position with increased responsibilities. However individual growth is not and ends in itself. Organizational growth need to be measured along with individual growth. Training refers to the teaching or learning activities done for the primary purpose of helping members of an organization to acquire and apply the knowledge skills, abilities, and attitude needed by that organization to acquire and apply the same. Broadly speaking training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skill of an employee for doing a particular job. In todays scenario change is the order of the day and the only way to deal with it is to learn and grow. Employees have become central to success or failure of an organization they are the cornucopia of ideas. So it high time the organization realize that train and retain is the mantra of new millennium.
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The scope of the study covers in depth, the various training practices, modules, formats being followed and is limited to the company HAL and its employees. The different training programmes incorporated/facilitated in HAL through its faculties, outside agencies or professional groups. It also judges the enhancement of the knowledge & skills of employees and feedback on its effectiveness.
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The broad objective of the study of training policies in HAL is to study the impact of training on the overall skill development of workers. The specific objectives of the study are: 1. To examine the effectiveness of training in overall development of skills of workforce. 2. To examine the impact of training on the workers. 3. To study the changes in behavioral pattern due to training. 4. To measure the differential change in output due to training 5. To compare the cost effectiveness in implanting training programmes.
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COMPANY PROFILE
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MISSION
To become a globally competitive aerospace industry while working as an instrument for achieving self-reliance in design, manufacture and maintenance of aerospace defence equipment and diversifying to related areas, managing the business on commercial lines in a climate of growing professional competence "
VALUES
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
We are dedicated to building a relationship with our customers where we become partners in fulfilling their mission. We strive to understand our customers ' needs and to deliver products and services that fulfill and exceed all their requirements.
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INTEGRITY
We believe in a commitment to be honest, trustworthy, and fair in all our dealings. We commit to be loyal and devoted to our organization. We will practice self discipline and own responsibility for our actions. We will comply with all requirements so as to ensure that our organization is always worthy of trust.
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ORIGIN OF HAL
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) came into existence on 1st October 1964. The Company was formed by the merger of Hindustan Aircraft Limited with Aeronautics India Limited and Aircraft Manufacturing Depot, Kanpur. The Company traces its roots to the pioneering efforts of an industrialist with extraordinary vision, the late Seth Walchand Hirachand, who set up Hindustan Aircraft Limited at Bangalore in association with the erstwhile princely State of Mysore in December 1940. The Government of India became a shareholder in March 1941 and took over the Management in 1942. Today, HAL has 19 Production Units and 9 Research and Design Centers in 7 locations in India. The Company has an impressive product track record 12 types of aircraft manufactured with in-house R & D and 14 types produced under license. HAL has manufactured over 3550 aircraft 3600 engines and overhauled over 8150 aircraft and 27300 engines. HAL has been successful in numerous R & D programs developed for both Defense and Civil Aviation sectors. HAL has made substantial progress in its current projects: Dhruv, which is Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) Tejas - Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Intermediate Jet Trainer (IJT) Various military and civil upgrades. HAL has played a significant role for India's space programs by participating in the manufacture of structures for Satellite Launch Vehicles like PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) GSLV (Geo-synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) 17
IRS (Indian Remote Satellite) INSAT (Indian National Satellite) HAL has formed the following Joint Ventures (JVs): BAeHAL Software Limited Indo-Russian Aviation Limited (IRAL) Snecma HAL Aerospace Pvt Ltd SAMTEL HAL Display System Limited HALBIT Avionics Pvt Ltd HAL-Edgewood Technologies Pvt Ltd INFOTECH HAL Ltd Apart from these seven, other major diversification projects are Industrial Marine Gas Turbine and Airport Services. Several Co-production and Joint Ventures with international participation are under consideration. HAL's supplies / services are mainly to Indian Defense Services, Coast
Guards and Border Security Forces. Transport Aircraft and Helicopters have also been supplied to Airlines as well as State Governments of India. The Company has also achieved a foothold in export in more than 30 countries, having demonstrated its quality and price competitiveness.
HAL has won several International & National Awards for achievements in R&D, Technology, Managerial Performance, Exports, Energy Conservation, Quality and Fulfillment of Social Responsibilities.
HAL was awarded the INTERNATIONAL GOLD MEDAL AWARD for Corporate Achievement in Quality and Efficiency at the International Summit (Global Rating Leaders 2003), London, UK by M/s Global Rating, UK in conjunction with the International Information and Marketing Centre (IIMC). 18
HAL was presented the International - ARCH OF EUROPE Award in Gold Category in recognition for its commitment to Quality, Leadership, Technology and Innovation. At the National level, HAL won the "GOLD TROPHY" for excellence in Public Sector Management, instituted by the Standing Conference of Public Enterprises (SCOPE).
The Company scaled new heights in the financial year 2006-07 with a turnover of Rs.7,783.61 Crores.
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MiG-27 M
Single-seater Tactical Fighter / Bomber with variable sweep wings
EJECTION SEAT
The Ejection Seat is installed to provide safe escape to the Pilot from the Aircraft while catapuling is effected with the help of a combined Ejection Gun. The Division has the facilities and expertise in the manufacture and overhaul of ejection seats for both MiG-27M and MiG-21 variants.
Jaguar International
HAL commenced production of Jaguar International - deep penetration strike and battlefield tactical Support Aircraft in 1979 under licence from British Aerospace, including the engine, accessories and avionics.Jaguar aircraft is designed with 7 hard points ( 4 under wing, 2 over wing and 1 under fuselage) capable of.
Major Features
Designed to perform both utility and attack roles Twin engine configuration which allows continued flight virtually throughout the flight envelope
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Incorporates a number of advanced technologies Integrated Dynamic System (IDS) , Anti-resonance Vibration Isolation System (ARIS) , Full Authority Digital Electronic Control (FADEC) , Hingeless Main Rotor, Bearingless Tail Rotor and Automatic Flight Control
System 7 Dhruv Helicopters were delivered to Indian Defence Forces in 2000-2001 Exports :
Airbus A320 Forward Passenger Doors Boeing 757 Over Wing Exit Doors Boeing 777 Uplock Box Assembly Boeing 767 Bulk Cargo Doors Boeing 737 Freighter Conversion Kits BAE Systems Tornado Pylons Fokker Aerostructures F50 Horizontal Stablizers Boeing -3D-Modelling / Digitisation of Drawings
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HAL in India
Corporate Office Bangalore Liaison Offices Mumbai Delhi Chennai Vishakapatnam Manufacturing Units Bangalore Hyderabad Lucknow Korwa ( UP) Koraput (Orissa ) Kanpur Nasik ( Maharashtra) Design Centers Bangalore Hyderabad Nasik. Liaison Offices out of India London Moscow
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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS Rupees in Crores Particulars 2007-08 2008-09 Growth over Previous Year Sales 8625 10373 20.27% VOP 8791 11811 34.35% Profit before tax 2164 2335 7.90% Profit after tax 1632 1740 6.62% Gross Block 2255 2638 16.98%
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TRADITIONAL DEVLOPMENT
AND
MODERN
APPROACH
OF
TRAINING
AND
Traditional Approach Most of the organizations before never used to believe in training. They were holding the traditional view that managers are born and not made. There were also some views that training is a very costly affair and not worth. Organizations used to believe more in executive pinching. But now the scenario seems to be changing.
The modern approach of training and development is that Indian Organizations have realized the importance of corporate training. Training is now considered as more of retention tool than a cost. The training system in Indian Industry has been changed to create a smarter workforce and yield the best results.
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TRAINING DEFINED
It is a learning process that involves the acquisition of knowledge, sharpening of skills, concepts, rules, or changing of attitudes and behaviours to enhance the performance of employees. Training is activity leading to skilled behavior
Its not what you want in life, but its knowing how to reach it Its not where you want to go, but its knowing how to get there Its not how high you want to rise, but its knowing how to take off It may not be quite the outcome you were aiming for, but it will be an outcome Its not what you dream of doing, but its having the knowledge to do it It's not a set of goals, but its more like a vision Its not the goal you set, but its what you need to achieve it Training is about knowing where you stand (no matter how good or bad the current situation looks) at present, and where you will be after some point of time. Training is about the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA) through professional development.
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Training and Development helps in optimizing the utilization of human resource that further helps the employee to achieve the organizational goals as well as their individual goals.
Training and Development helps to provide an opportunity and broad structure for the development of human resources technical and behavioral skills in an organization. It also helps the employees in attaining personal growth.
Training and Development helps in increasing the job knowledge and skills of employees at each level. It helps to expand the horizons of human intellect and an overall personality of the employees
productivity
Training and Development helps in increasing the productivity of the employees that helps the organization further to achieve its long-term goal
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Team spirit
Training and Development helps in inculcating the sense of team work, team spirit, and inter-team collaborations. It helps in inculcating the zeal to learn within the employees
Organization Culture
Training and Development helps to develop and improve the organizational health culture and effectiveness. It helps in creating the learning culture within the organization.
Organization Climate
Training and Development helps building the positive perception and feeling about the organization. The employees get these feelings from leaders, subordinates, and peers.
Quality
Training and Development helps in improving upon the quality of work and worklife. Healthy work-environment
Training and Development helps in creating the healthy working environment. It helps to build good employee, relationship so that individual goals aligns with organizational goal.
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Training and Development helps in improving the health and safety of the organization thus preventing obsolescence. Morale
Training and Development helps in improving the morale of the work force. Image
Training and Development leads to improved profitability and more positive attitudes towards profit orientation. Training and Development aids in organizational development
i.e. Organization gets more effective decision making and problem solving. It helps in understanding and carrying out organizational policies.
loyalty, better attitudes, and other aspects that successful workers and managers usually display.
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Secondly, it helps in increase in concentration, which is the crucial factor to make the training successful. The objectives create an image of the training program in trainees mind that actually helps in gaining attention. Thirdly, if the goal is set to be challenging and motivating, then the likelihood of achieving those goals is much higher than the situation in which no goal is Set. Therefore, training objectives helps in increasing the probability that the participants will be successful in training. Designer The training objective is beneficial to the training designer because if the designer is aware what is to be achieved in the end then hell buy the training package according to that only. The training designer would then look for the training methods, training equipments, and training content accordingly to achieve those objectives. Furthermore, planning always helps in dealing effectively in an unexpected situation. Consider an example; the objective of one training program is to deal effectively with customers to increase the sales. Since the objective is known, the designer will design a training program that will include ways to improve the interpersonal skills, such as verbal and non verbal language, dealing in unexpected situation i.e. when there is a defect in a product or when a customer is angry. Therefore, without any guidance, the training may not be designed appropriately. Evaluator It becomes easy for the training evaluator to measure the progress of the trainees because the objectives define the expected performance of trainees. Training objective is an important to tool to judge the performance of participants.
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The HR functioning is changing with time and with this change, the relationship between the training function and other management activity is also changing. The training and development activities are now equally important with that of other HR functions. Gone are the days, when training was considered to be futile, waste of time, resources, and money. Now-a-days, training is an investment because the departments such as, marketing & sales, HR, production, finance, etc depends on training for its survival. If training is not considered as a priority or not seen as a vital part in the organization, then it is difficult to accept that such a company has effectively carried out HRM. Training actually provides the opportunity to raise the profile development activities in the organization. To increase the commitment level of employees and growth in quality movement (concepts of HRM), senior management team is now increasing the role of training. Such concepts of HRM require careful planning as well as greater emphasis on employee development and long term education. Training is now the important tool of Human Resource Management to control the attrition rate because it helps in motivating employees, achieving their professional and personal goals, increasing the level of job satisfaction, etc. As a result training is given on a variety of skill development and covers a multitude of courses.
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Models of Training
Training is a sub-system of the organization because the departments such as, marketing & sales, HR, production, finance, etc depends on training for its survival. Training is a transforming process that requires some input and in turn it produces output in the form of knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs).
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to answer the training problems. This model is widely used now-a-days in the organization because it is concerned with the training need on the job performance. Training objectives are defined on the basis of job responsibilities and job description and on the basis of the defined objectives individual progress is measured. This model also helps in determining and developing the favorable strategies, sequencing the content, and delivering media for the types of training objectives to be achieved.
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1. ANALYSIS
This phase consist of training need assessment, job analysis, and target audience analysis.
2. PLANNING
This phase consist of setting goal of the learning outcome, instructional objectives that measures behavior of a participant after the training, types of training material, media selection, methods of evaluating the trainee, trainer and the training program, strategies to impart knowledge i.e. selection of content, sequencing of content, etc.
3. DEVELOPMENT
This phase translates design decisions into training material. It consists of developing course material for the trainer including handouts, workbooks, visual aids, demonstration props, etc, course material for the trainee including handouts of summary.
4. EXECUTION
This phase focuses on logistical arrangements, such as arranging speakers, equipments, benches, podium, food facilities, cooling, lighting, parking, and other training accessories.
5. EVALUATION
The purpose of this phase is to make sure that the training program has achieved its aim in terms of subsequent work performance. This phase consists of identifying strengths and weaknesses and making necessary amendments to any of the previous stage in order to remedy or improve failure practices.
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The ISD model is a continuous process that lasts throughout the training program. It also highlights that feedback is an important phase throughout the entire training program. In this model, the output of one phase is an input to the next phase. Transitional model focuses on the organization as a whole. The outer loop describes the vision, mission and values of the organization on the basis of which training model i.e. inner loop is executed.
Vision
focuses on the milestones that the organization would like to achieve after the defined point of time. A vision statement tells that where the organization sees itself few years down the line. A vision may include setting a role mode, or bringing some internal transformation, or may be promising to meet some other deadlines
Mission
explain the reason of organizational existence. It identifies the position in the community. The reason of developing a mission statement is to motivate, inspire, and inform the employees regarding the organization. The mission statement tells about the identity that how the organization would like to be viewed by the customers, employees, and all other stakeholders.
Values
is the translation of vision and mission into communicable ideals. It reflects the deeply held values of the organization and is independent of current industry environment. For example, values may include social responsibility, excellent customer service, etc. The mission, vision, and values precede the objective in the inner loop. This model considers the organization as a whole. The objective is formulated keeping these three things in mind and then the training model is further
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Training and development go hand in hand and are often used synonymously but there is a difference between them. Training is the process of learning a sequence of programmed behavior. It is an application of knowledge. It gives people an awareness of the rules and procedures to guide their behavior. It intends to improve their performance on the current job and prepares them for an intended job. Development is a related process. It covers not only those activities, which improve job performance, but also those, which bring about growth of the personality. It helps individual in the progress towards maturity and actualization of potential capabilities so that they can become not only good employees but better human beings.
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PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING
MOTIVATION Learning is enhanced when the learner is motivated. Learning experience must be designed so learners can see how it will help in achieving the goals of the organization. Effectiveness of training depends on motivation. FEEDBACK Training requires feedback. It is required so the trainee can correct his mistakes. Only getting information about how he is doing to achieve goals, he can correct the deviations. REINFORCEMENT The principle of reinforcement tells the behaviors that are positively reinforced are encouraged and sustained. It increases the likelihood that a learned behavior well be repeated. PRACTICE Practice increases a trainees performance. When the trainees practice actually, they gain confidence and are less likely to make errors or to forget what they have learned. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
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Individual training is costly. Group training is advantageous to the organization. Individuals vary in intelligence and aptitude from person to person. Training must be geared to the intelligence and aptitude of individual trainee.
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OBJECTIVES OF TRAINING
TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY An instructor can help employees increase their level of performance on their assignment. Increase in human performance leads to increase in the operational productivity and also the increase in the profit of the company. TO IMPROVE QUALITY Better-trained workers are less likely to make operational mistakes. It can be in relationship to the company or in reference to the intangible organizational employment atmosphere. TO HELP A COMPANY FULFILL ITS FUTURE PERSONNEL NEEDS The organizations having good internal training and development programmes will have to make less changes and adjustments. When the need arises, vacancies can be easily staffed. TO IMPROVE ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE An endless chain of positive reactions result from a well planned training programme. TO IMPROVE HEALTH AND SAFETY Proper training can prevent industrial accidents. A safer atmosphere leads to more stable attitudes on part of the employees. PERSONAL GROWTH Employees on a personal basis gain individually from their exposure to educational expressions. Training programmes give them wider awareness and skills
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TRAINING INPUTS
There are three basic types of inputs; (i)Skills (ii)Attitude (iii)Knowledge. The primary purpose of training is to establishing a sound relationship is at its best when the workers attitude to the job is right, when the workers knowledge of the job is adequate, and he has developed the necessary skills. Training activities in an industrial organization are aimed at making desired modifications in skills, attitudes and knowledge of employee so that they perform their jobs most efficiently and effectively
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5. NEW PROCEDURES Mainly for those who work in offices in commercial and administrative functions but also for those who we workplace is on the shop floor or on process plant on any occasion on which there is a modification to existing paperwork or procedure for, say the withdrawal of materials from stores, the control of customer credit the approval of expense claims, there needs to be instruction on the change in the way of working in many instances, a note bringing the attention of all concerned the change is assume to be sufficient, but there are cases, such as when total new systems in corporating IT up dates are installed, when more thorough training is needed. 6. NEW STANDARDS, RULES AND PRACTICES Changes in any one these are likely to be conveyed by printed note or by word of mouth by the manager to his subordinates, and this can be the most satisfaction way of dealing with the change from the point of view of getting those affected to understand their new responsibility. However not all changes under this heading can be left to this sort of handling. Even the simplest looking instruction may be regarded as undesirable or impracticable by whoever has to perform it he may not understand the purpose behind the change and lose confidence in a management which he now believes to be messing about, or he may understand the purpose and have a better alternative to offer if it is not too late. 7. NEW RELATIONSHIP AND AUTHORITIES These can arise, as a result of management decisions, in a number of ways. In examples, the recognition of the accounts department can result in a realization of responsibilities between the section leaders of credit control, invoicing and customer records, although there is no movement of staff between the sections (i.e. no
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transfers). Although the change in work content for each clerk and supervisor is defined clearly for each person in the new procedures, there is nevertheless a need for each person to know where he stands in the new set up, which is responsible for what, and where to direct problems and enquiries as they arise in the future. 8. MAINTENANCE OF STANDARDS We are here concerned with maintenance of standards through training, for it must be remembered that supervision and inspection and qualify control are continuously responsible for standards and exercise their own authorities to this end. Although it is generally agreed that some retraining from time to time, taking varied forms even for the on group of employees, does act as both a reminder and a stimulus, there is not much agreement on the next frequency and form that such retraining should take, of there is as yet little scientific knowledge on this subject which is of much use in industrial situations. 9. THE MAINTENANCE OF ADAPTABILITY Again, whilst there is little scientific study of the loss of ability to learn new skills in those cases where people spend a long time without change, and without the need to learn, there is increasing evidence in current experience to suggest that this is the case in industrial employment. Add, of course, there is the inference arising from the laboratory experiments of psychologists. 10. THE MAINTENANCE OF MANAGEMENT SKILLS & STANDARDS Skills in supervising, employee appraisal, communications, leadership etc are important in all companies. Some of these skills are seen to be critical to major developments in company organisation, culture, employee empowerment and so on. Initial training in these skills is not uncommon in the largest companies on
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appointment into management and supervision. But continuous training and performance monitoring is rare, despite the common knowledge that standards are as varied as human nature. 11. RETIREMENT AND REDUNDANCY Employees of any position in the company who are heading towards retirement will benefit from learning about health, social life, work opportunities money management etc. Internal or external courses are best attended a year or two before retirement date, in a few companies a member of Personnel will act as a counselor as required.
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TYPES OF TRAINING
Training is required for several purposes. Accordingly training programmes may be of the following types: Orientation training: Induction or orientation training seeks to adjust newly appointed employees to the work environment. Every new employee needs to be made fully familiar with his job, his superiors and subordinates and with the rules and regulations of the organization. Induction training creates self-confidence in the employees. It is also knows as prejob training. It is brief and informative. Job training: It refers to the training provided with a view to increase the knowledge and skills of an employee for performance on the job. Employees may be taught the correct methods of handling equipment and machines used in a job. Such training helps to reduce accidents, waste and inefficiency in the performance of the job. Safety training: Training provided to minimize accidents and damage to machinery is known as safety training. It involves instruction in the use of safety devices and in safety consciousness.
Promotional training:
It involves training of existing employees to enable them to perform higher-level jobs. Employees with potential are selected and they are given training before their promotion, so that they do not find it difficult to shoulder the higher responsibilities of the new positions to which they are promoted.
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Refresher training:
When existing techniques become obsolete due to the development of better techniques, employees have to be trained in the use of new methods and techniques. With the passage of time employee may forget some of the methods of doing work. Refresher training is designed to revive and refresh the knowledge and to update the skills of the existing employees. Short-term refresher courses have become popular on account of rapid changes in technology and work methods. Refresher or re-training programmes are conducted to avoid obsolescence of knowledge and skills.
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METHODS OF TRAINING
ON-THE-JOB TECHNIQUES
On the job techniques enables managers to practice management skills, make mistakes and learn from their mistakes under the guidance of an experienced, competent manager. Some of the methods are as: Job Rotation: It is also referred to as cross straining. It involves placing an employee on different jobs for periods of time ranging from a few hours to several weeks. At lower job levels, it normally consumes a short period, such as few hours or one or two days. At higher job levels, it may consume much larger periods because staff trainees may be learning complex functions and responsibilities. Job rotation for managers usually involves temporary assignments that may range from several months to one or more years in various departments, plants and offices. Job rotation for trainees involves several short-term assignments, that touch a variety of skills and gives the trainees a greater understanding of how various work areas function.For middle and upper level management, it serves a slightly different function. At this stage, it involves lateral promotions, which last for one or more years. It involves a move to different work environment so that manager may develop competence in general management decision-making skills.
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METHODS OF TRAINING
1. ON- THE- JOB METHODS 2. OFF- THE- JOB METHODS By giving an employee added job duties, and increasing the autonomy and responsibilities associated with the job, the firm allows an employee to learn a lot about the job, department and organization.
Coaching:
The trainee is placed under a particular supervisor who functions as a coach in training the individual. The supervisor provides the feedback to the trainee on his performance and offers him some suggestions for improvement. Often the trainee shares some duties and responsibilities of the coach and relives him of his burden. A drawback is that the trainee may not have the freedom or opportunity to express his own ideas.
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Committee assignments:
Here in, a group of trainees are given and asked to solve an actual organizational problem. The trainees solve the problem jointly. This develops team work and group cohesiveness feelings amongst the trainees. OFF-THE-JOB TRAINING It includes anything performed away from the employees job area or immediate work area. Two broad categories of it are IN HOUSE PROGRAMMES These are conducted within the organizations own training facility; either by training specialists from HR department or by external consultant or a combination of both.
OFF-SITE PROGRAMMES
It is held elsewhere and sponsored by an educational institution, a professional association, a government agency or an independent training and development firm. The various off- the- job-training programmes are as follows:
Vestibule training:
Herein, actual work conditions are simulated in a classroom. Material, files and equipment those are used in actual job performance are also used in training. This type of training is commonly used for training personnel for clerical and semiskilled jobs. The duration of this training ranges from few days to a few weeks. Theory can be related to practice in this method.
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Role-playing: It is defined as a method of human interaction that involves realistic behaviour in imaginary situations. This method involves action doing and practice. The participants play the o role of certain characters, such as production manager, HR manager, foreman, workers etc. This method is mostly used for developing interpersonal interactions and relations. Lecture method: The lecture is a traditional and direct method of instruction. The instruction organizes the material and gives it to the group of trainees in the form of a talk. To be effective, the lecture must motivate and create interest among the trainees. An advantage of this method is that it is direct and can be used for a large group of trainees. Conference or discussion: It is a method in training the clerical, professional and supervisory personnel. It involves a group of people who pose ideas, examine and share facts and data, test assumptions and draw conclusions, all of which contribute to the improvement of job performance. It has an advantage that it involves two way communication and hence feedback is provided. The participants feel free to speak in small groups. Success depends upon the leadership qualities of the person who leads the group.
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Programmed instruction: This method has become popular in recent years. The subject matter to be learned is presented in a series of carefully planned sequential units. These units are arranged from simple to mere complex levels of instructions. The trainee goes through these units by answering questions or filling the blanks. This method is expensive and time consuming.
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SHORT- TERM PROGRAMME This programme specify the duration, starting time, ending time, number of executives being trained, identify the resources etc. IMPLEMENTATION The training programme envisaged before is put into operation. The actual training is initiated by proper timetable and other arrangements. EVALUATION In this step, the effectiveness of the executive training programme is evaluated by measuring the improved performance of executives who underwent the programme, on their job. There are various criteria of measuring effectiveness such as validity, reliability etc.
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return on investment and return on the capital employed. There has often been an assumption, in times past,that training somehow justifies itself, because it is all about developing people. However, it is incumbent on organizations to look critically at the ways in which they evaluate their training activities, lest they fall prey to the subject approach and are badly caught out when a rigorous analysis of all the functions of the organizations business is called for. A desirable, if not essential, characteristic of all training programmes is a built-in provision for evaluation. The four main dimensions of evaluation are: EVALUATION OF TRAINING INPUTS This involves the evaluation of the training curriculum and its sequencing. EVALUATION OF THE TRAINING PROCESS The climate of the training organization, the relationship between participants and trainers, the general attitude, and approaches of the trainers, training methods, etc are some of the important elements of the training process which also needs to be evaluated. EVALUATION OF TRAINING OUTCOMES Measuring the carry-home value of a training programme in terms of what has been achieved and how much is the main task of evaluation. This, however, is a complex technical and professional task. Benefits of a training programme are not obvious and they are not readily measurable. Payoffs from training are intangible and rather slow to become apparent. A central problem is the absence of objective criteria and specific definitions of relevant variables by which to measure the effectiveness either of specific programmes or changes in employee behaviour. Nevertheless, the good personnel managers do make an effort to systematically appraise the benefits and results of their programmes.
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In job-related training, the objective is to train people for specific job skills so that their productivity may increase. Evaluation can be done either to the direct criterion of increase in output or to the indirect criteria of decrease in cost, breakage or rejects. Even more indirect are measures that point out changes in absenteeism or turnover. The most difficult problems of evaluation lie in the area of human relations skill training, which is given to the supervisors and middle- level managers. Supervisory and managerial training programmes are, for this reason, less amenable to objective review procedures. Much subjectivity enters into evaluations of these programmes, since exact standards and criteria are hard to devise.
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IDENTIFICATION OF NEEDS
MANAGEMENT STAFF The Performance Appraisal form of the organization has a section in which the training and development needs are filled up. The Individual Officer first identifies the training needs of himself and then it is recommended by the reporting Officer and then by the Departmental Head. The Training needs as identified in the PAR are recorded by the HRD Department and necessary action is taken for imparting the identified training. Training needs are identified based on: - Companys strategy and policy. - Organizational Thrust Areas. - New Emerging Areas.
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IMPARTING OF TRAINING
Actual training is imparted with the help of in-house and outside agencies. The selection of these agencies is done on the basis of reputation; programmes offered by them, past experience and feedback received from the earlier participants. Training is also imparted by nominating the concerned employee for an external training programme. All records of the training are maintained at branch as per Record of Training in the Personnel folder and the same is intimated to the Executive Office Personnel through the Monthly Personnel Report.
FEEDBACK
A feedback is taken from the participants through a questionnaire on the programme and their impressions in order to further improve upon the same. There are three such questionnaires available and one of these is used depending upon the nature of the training programme and the level of participants. Also, a person from the personnel department sits through the final session of the programme and takes the verbal feedback about the programme.
INDUCTION TRAINING
This is carried out as the very first step for any new entrant into Company. The department prepares a schedule for the employee as per which he is required to spend specific time in each department. During such period, he is reporting to the respective department head. The objective of the induction programme is to familiarize the participant to the function of different department. The copies of the same are sent to 64
the General Manager and all concerned. At the end of the induction, the trainee has to submit a report to the Personnel Department. MANAGEMENT TRAINEES TRAINING Management trainees are given a fortnight of induction programme. Corporate HR advises it as per Management Trainee Training programme designed by them. Thereafter, a detailed training programme is carried out whereby the incumbent is to understand in depth of working of each department at various locations as per the programme given by the Corporate HR. Corporate HR maintains all relevant records pertaining to Management Trainees training at Bangalore. A person gets nominated for the training programme in the following two ways:
a) Training programme flowing from the training needs. b) Training programme for testing out the training/ increased awareness/ general information/ omnibus training types etc.
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- Any other such thing as defined in the training brochure. The effectiveness of the outside training programme is measured on the same line as above. However, no detailed brochure is prepared for the same. The measurement criterion for the programme is defined in the beginning of the programme and effectiveness measured against the same. A consolidated effectiveness report of the training programme is prepared at the end of the year. The programmes that are found to be ineffective are reworked.
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RESEARCH METHODLOGY
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Every project work is based on certain methodology, which is a way to systematically solve the problem or attain its objectives. It is a very important guideline and lead to completion of any project work through observation, data collection and data analysis According to Clifford Woody, Research Methodology comprises of defining & redefining problems, collecting, organizing &evaluating data, making deductions &researching to conclusions. Accordingly, the methodology used in the project is as follows: ives of the study
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MAJOR OBJECTIVE
To analyze the existing training practices, its effectiveness and recommend measures to improve the training practices in HAL.
MINOR OBJECTIVES
To study the frequency of training, training methods and their effects on the trainees and recommend certain measures for improvement.
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PRIMARY DATA
Primary data are those, which were collected afresh & for the first time and thus happen to be original in character. However, there are many methods of collecting the primary data; all have not been used for the purpose of this project. The ones that have been used are:
tes
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DATA ANALYSIS
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DATA ANALYSIS
In the study as said overly 40 respondents were interviewed and analysis were drawn on the basis of their opinions.
TABLE 1: EMPLOYEES INTEREST IN TYPE OF TRAINING PARTICULARS ON THE JOB OFF THE JOB TOTAL NO. OF RESPONDENTS 34 6 40 PERCENTAGE 85% 15% 100%
From the Table1 and graph, it reveals that 85% of employees are interested in on-thejob and only 15% of the employees are interested in off-the-job.
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TABLE 2: METHODS OF TRAINING ADOPTED IN THE ORGANISATION NO. OF PARTICULARS REFRESHER SENSITIVITY CONVERGENT LATEST TECHNOLOGY CEP TOTAL 8 23 40 20% 57.5% 100% RESPONDENTS 4 1 4 PERCENTAGE 10% 2.5% 10%
The above stated training are the main training programmes conducted in the organization, from the above Table2 and graph 57% of the employees have attended CEP i.e. continuous education propgramme, 20% of them have attended latest technology, 10% for both convergent and refresher training and Refresher training and only 2.5% have attended Sensitivity training.
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TABLE 3: OPININON OF EMPLOYEES IN CONTEXT TO TRAINING PROGRAMME PARTICULARS INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL TECHNICAL TOTAL NO. OF RESPONDENTS 1 12 26 40 PERCENTAGE 5% 30% 65% 100%
ed that
65% of the employees opine training is helpful for their technical activities, 30% of the employees opine training is helpful for interpersonal activities and only 2.5% said training is helpful for intrapersonal activities. Hence, the organization should also give priority for conducting training programmes which can enhance the intrapersonal activities.
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TABLE 4: SATISFACTION OF ENVIRONMENT DURING THE TRAINING PERIOD NO. OF PARTICULARS YES NO TOTAL RESPONDENTS 38 12 40 PERCENTAGE 95% 5% 100%
From the above Table4 and graph, it can be viewed that 95% of the employees are comfortable during the training programme, and only 5% are not comfortable during the training period. Thus most of the employees are comfortable during the training programme.
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TABLE 5: SATISFACTION ABOUT YHE TRAINING PROGRAMME PARTICULARS YES NO TOTAL NO. OF RESPONDENTS 36 4 40 PERCENTAGE 90% 10% 100%
10%
YES NO
90%
From the above Table5 and graph, it is analysed that 90% of the employees are satisfied with the training programme they had and only 10% are not satisfied with the training programme. Thus it can be concluded that most of the employees are fully satisfied with the training programme conducted by the organization.
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TABLE 6: PLACE OF THE EMPLOYEES GETTING TRAINED NO. OF PARTICULARS WORK SHOP CLASS ROOMS CONFERENCE HALL OUTSIDE THE ESTABLISHMENT TOTAL 13 40 33% 100% RESPONDENTS 2 16 9 PERCENTAGE 5% 39% 23%
The above are the places were the training are held, from the graph it is viewed that 5% of them were trained in work shops, 39% in class rooms, 23% in conference hall, 33% of them outside the establishment.
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TABLE 7: OPININON OF EMPLOYEES ABOUT TRAINERS NO. OF PARTICULARS 1. QUALIFIED & 20 50% RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
KNOWLEDGEABLE 3. ENCOURAGED
11%
1 14 40
3% 36% 100%
From the Table7, it is analysed that 50% of the employees view their trainers as qualified and experienced, 12.5% of them are skillful and knowledgeable, 3% of them encourage class participation and other 36% said trainers are qualified & experienced, skillful & knowledgeable, and also encouraged class participation.
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TABLE 8: BEHAVIOURAL ASPECTS OF THE TRAINERS PARTICULARS IMPARTIAL RUDE FRIENDLY EASY GOING TOTAL NO. OF RESPONDENTS 4 0 28 8 40 PERCENTAGE 10% 0% 28% 20% 100%
From the above graph and Table8 it reveals that 10% of the employees feel that trainers were impartial, 70% feel that trainers were friendly, 20% feel they were easy going and finally employees feel none of the trainers were rude that is 0%.
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TABLE 9: TRAINING CONDUCTED IN PCS PARTICULARS FORTNIGHTLY MONTHLY QUARTERLY HALF YEARLY ANNUALLY TOTAL NO. OF RESPONDENTS 0 16 4 1 19 40 PERCENTAGE 0% 40% 10% 3% 47% 100%
From the
Above Table9 it reveals that, when all training courses are held, 40% of them said the fact that courses are conducted monthly, 2.5% for half yearly, 10% for quarterly, 47.5% for annually. The table clearly indicates that most of the training programme were conducted monthly(40%) some of the training programs are conducted even once in a year(47.5). The table further reveals that no training programms is been conducted with a period duration of a fortnight.
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TABLE 10: DURATION OF THE TRAINING PROGRAMME NO. OF PARTICULARS ONE DAY 2-3 DAYS ONE WEEK FORTNIGHT TOTAL RESPONDENTS 1 4 22 13 40 PERCENTAGE 3% 10% 55% 33% 100%
As regards the duration of the training programme, 2.5% of the employees said it was held for one day, 10% said for 2-3 days, 55% said training takes place for a week,
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NO. OF PARTICULARS WORK SCHEDULE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL CONTINOUS LEARNING ALL TOTAL 2 18 14 40 5% 45% 35% 100% RESPONDENTS 6 PERCENTAGE 15%
From the Table11, it is highlighted, 15% of the employees said training as a part of their work schedule, 5% of them for performance appraisal, 45% of them for continuous learning and 35% of them vote for all.
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TABLE 12: IS ORGANIZATION CONDUCTING PRE-TEST & POST-TEST PARTICULARS YES NO TOTAL NO. OF RESPONDENTS 4 36 40 PERCENTAGE 10% 90% 100%
From the Table12, it is analysed that the organization is not conducting regularly the pre-test and the post-test. It is most surprising fact inspite of its existence in the field for more than 3-4 decades it is not taking interest in the pre-test and pro-test because out of 40 respondents 36 respondents i.e. 90% of respondents opine that the pre and pro-test are not conducted.
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From the above Table13 it is analysed that 92% of the employees expressed that their performance are evaluated and the feed back is given, the remaining 8% expressed a negative answer. It is one of the important aspects of HRD is that identification of the type of the training requirements of the employees and also to evaluate their performance of the trained workers during their post period . It can be emphasized that the training component of the organization gives importance for getting the feedback about the impact of the training programme on the employees.
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From the above table 87% of the employees opine is that there is an increase in their self improvement and the remaining 13% have not noticed any improvement.
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TABLE 15: EMPLOYEES CONCERN TOWARDS TRAINING ENCHANCMENT IN THE FOLLOWING AREA
PARTICULARS 1. OPERATIONAL SKILLS 2. EFFICIENCY 3. BEHAVIOUR 4. COMMUNICATION SKILLS 5. TEAM BUILDING ALL(1+2+3+4+5) TOTAL
NO. OF RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
5 10 2
13% 25% 5%
2 4 17 40
It is seen from the graph that ,training has enhanced in the following areas like 12.5% in operational skills for few employees, 25% in efficiency for others, 5% in Behaviour for others, 5% in communication, 10% in team building for few employees and other 43% feel that training has enhanced them for all the areas stated.
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FINDINGS
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prior to attending them. adequately designed to cater to the developmental needs of the respondents.
were less and thus need to be increased. atest training methods will enhance the effectiveness of the training programmes.
the sessions had been more interactive and in line with the current practices in the market.
increased.
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SUGGESTIONS
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SUGGESTIONS
Based on the data collected through the questionnaire and interactions with the Officers of HAL the following recommendations are made for consideration: approach for the training programmes.
training programmes each year. -house training programmes will be beneficial to the organization as well as employees since it will help employees to attend their official work while undergoing the training.
premises for short durations, spanning over a few days, in order to avoid any interruption in the routine work.
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ANNEXURE
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REFERENCES
K Ashwathappa, (1997) Human Resource and Personnel Management, Tata McGraw- Hill 131-176
Chris Dukes, (2001) Recruiting the Right Staff John M. Ivancevich, Human Resource Management, Tata McGraw- Hill, 2004 Steve Kneeland, (1999) Hiring People, discover an effective interviewing system; avoid hiring the wrong person, recruit outstanding performers
Stone, Harold C and Kendell, W.E Effective Personnel Selection Procedures, 1956
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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QUESTIONNAIRE
QUESTIONNAIRRE ON EXECUTIVE TRAINING AND
DEVELOPMENT IN HAL:
1) How many training programmes have you attended in last 5 years? 1. 0-5 2. 6-10 3. 10-15 4. More than 15
2) The programme objectives were known to you before attending it. 1. Strongly agree 2. 3. 4. 5. Moderately agree Cant Say Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree
3) The training programme was relevant to your developmental needs. 1. Strongly agree 2. Moderately agree 3. 4. 5. Cant Say Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree
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4) The period of training session was sufficient for the learning. 1. Strongly agree 2. 3. 4. 5. Moderately agree Cant Say Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree
5) The training methods used during the training were effective for understanding the subject. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Strongly agree Moderately agree Cant Say Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree
6) The training sessions were exciting and a good learning experience. 1. Strongly agree 2. 3. 4. 5. Moderately agree Cant Say Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree
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7) The training aids used were helpful in improving the overall effectiveness of the programme. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Strongly agree Moderately agree Cant Say Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree
8) The training was effective in improving on- the- job efficiency. 1. Strongly agree 2. 3. 4. 5. Moderately agree Cant Say Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree
9) In your opinion, the numbers of training programmes organized during the year were sufficient for officers of HAL. 1. Strongly agree 2. 3. 4. 5. Moderately agree Cant Say Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree
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10) How many training programmes have you attended during the last year? 1. Upto 2 2. 3-5 3. 6-8 4. More than 8
11) The training given is useful to you. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Strongly agree Moderately agree Cant Say Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree
12) The time limit of the training programme was sufficient 1. Strongly agree 2. 3. 4. 5. Moderately agree Cant Say Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree
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13) The time limit of the training programme, if increased would make it more effective. 1. Strongly agree 2. Moderately agree 3. 4. 5. Cant Say Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree
14) The training was effective in improving your on-the-job efficiency. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Strongly agree Moderately agree Cant Say Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree
15) The training aids used were effective in improving the overall effectiveness of the programme. 1. Strongly agree 2. 3. 4. 5. Moderately agree Cant Say Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree
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16) The number of training programmes organized for workers in a year are sufficient. 1. Strongly agree 2. 3. 4. 5. Moderately agree Cant Say Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree
17) The participation of workers in training programme would help increase its effectiveness. 1. Strongly agree 2. 3. 4. 5. Moderately agree Cant Say Moderately Disagree Strongly Disagree
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