Spring 2013 Math 308-503 Exam 1B: Solutions c Art Belmonte Sun, 10/Feb

1. Solve the initial value problem cos t ty + 2y = , t y ( /2) = 0, t >0

3. Solve the differential equation xy2 + 3x2 y dx + x3 + x2 y dy = 0 by hand. Show your steps. Check via deSolve if desired. With P = xy2 + 3x2 y and Q = x3 + x2 y, we have Py = 2xy + 3x2 = Qx on R2 . The differential equation is exact. Construct a potential function f for the conservative vector eld w = [P, Q] like you did in Calc 3. w xy2 + 3x2 y x3 + x2 y f fx fy 3 y + 1 x 2 y2 2 y2 + x3 y A/D 1 x x 2 2 1 2 2 H! f (x, y) = x y + x3 y 2
2 2 3 An implicit solution is 1 2 x y + x y = C.

by hand. Show your steps. Give an explicit solution for your nal answer. Check via deSolve if desired. The differential equation is linear. Put it in standard linear form (SLF). 2 cos t y + y= 2 t t Construct an integrating factor. = exp 2 dt t = e2 ln t = t 2

4. Sketch a direction eld for the differential equation 1 (y + 1)2 (y 2)2 4 and classify any equilibrium solutions. y = Solving y = 0 yields two equilibrium solutions: y 2, y 1. Sketch a direction eld by examining the sign of y .
3 2

Multiply the SLF by this integrating factor. t 2 y + 2ty = cos t t 2y Antidifferentiate. t 2 y = sin t + C Use the initial condition y ( /2) = 0 to resolve the constant C. 0 = C+1 C = 1 Hence t 2 y = sin t 1. An explicit solution is sin t 1 y= t2 or equivalent. 2. Solve the differential equation dy ex ex = dx 3 + 4y by hand. Show your steps. Give an implicit solution for your nal answer. Check via deSolve if desired. The differential equation is separable. Separate the variables. (3 + 4y) dy = Antidifferentiate. 3y + 2y2 = C 2 cosh x or 3y + 2y2 = C ex ex or equivalent. e
x

= cos t

1 0 1 2 3 10 5 0 5 10

The solution y 2 is semi-stable. The solution y 1 is semi-stable. 5. A tank initially contains 30 kg of salt dissolved in 5000 L of water. A brine solution which contains 3 100 kg/L of salt ows into the tank at 15 L/min. The well stirred solution exits the tank at the same rate. When is there 40 kg of salt in the tank? Use of deSolve and solve is recommended. Use the classical balance law. y y e
x

= =

dx

y =

y 3 100 (15) 5000 (15) 9 3 y (0) = 30 20 1000 y, 3 t 150 120e /1000

Now set y = 40 and solve for t . 40 = 150 120e3t /1000

11 t = 1000 3 ln 12 29.00 min