0

CHAPTER I

ANGELS: FROM DIFFERENT POINT OF VIEW THE RULING REGARDING BELIEF IN THE ANGELS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ANGELS THE WISDOM BEHIND THE CREATION OF ANGELS THE EFFECTS OF BELIEF IN THE ANGELS HOW CAN WE UNDERSTAND THESE TWO VERSES?

Binder: Page 4

1.1 ANGELS: FROM DIFFERENT POINT OF VIEW

THE ISLAMIC VIEW
1. Linguistic definition: Malaikah is the plural of malak Some different opinion on the origin of the word malak: i) ii) iii) malik (owner) mulik (to take with great strength) alukah (message) the most agreed upon since angels carry the message from Allah 2. Technical definition: Benevolent being Created from light: Aishah narrates that Prophet s.a.w.s. said, The Angels were created from light [Sahih Muslim] Have no free will, which means: i) ii) no intention to disobey Allahs command but can speak, ask question, argue, etc.

Completely devoted in worshipping Allah alone, tirelessly Every angel has its own given task or responsibilities Ibn Qayyim: Everything that happens in this world happens through the angels by the command of Allah s.w.t., according to His qadar.

3. A Common Misconception: angels are creatures of light without physical attributes First mentioned in a book called Al-Kulliyaat (written by a Muslim philosopher) Though not light, angels may have light o there is a hadith that Rasulullah s.a.w.s. saw light when he was praying at night and said that the angels were listening to him Some proofs that angels have physical attributes: i) ii) iii) Angels have wings [Q 35:1] Angels can speak [Q 2:30] Angels prostrate [Q 2:34]

iv) Angels carrying the throne of Allah, will blow the trumpet, etc. *Linguistic definition may change over the course of time since it may be affected by culture while technical definition reflects the true meaning of the word.

THE PHILOSOPHERS VIEW

1. Angels are fragments of Prophets imagination (Ibn Sina, Al-Farabi, etc.) 2. Reason: They dont believe God physically exist, which means:

God is the mind of the world God exist imaginarily but not physically 2

THE PAGAN ARABS VIEW

Angels are Allahs daughters [Q 43:19]

THE JEWISH VIEW

1. In Hebrew, malach means Messenger 2. Angels carry out Gods will Since Gods dignity is decreased if He were to do it Himself 3. Angels are responsible for the bad things that happens (eg: tsunami) 4. Jews show some hatred towards Jibreel

THE CHRISTIAN VIEW

1. Traditional Christians view on angels: As agents of revelation Have no level or ranking Take different form Have wings Not married Possess the prophetic vision Instant movement/understanding Fallen angels: angels that commit sins and follow Satan Immortal soul of righteous people that raised to heaven

2. Modern Christians:

Binder: Page 5

1.2 THE RULING REGARDING BELIEF IN THE ANGELS

It is obligatory to believe in the angels: a person is not a believer without this pillar.

THE EVIDENCES FOR THE OBLIGATION TO BELIEVE IN THE ANGLES:

From Al-Quran: "Whoever is an enemy to Allh, his angels, his Messengers, Jibrael (Gabriel) and Mikael (Michael), Then Verily, Allh is an enemy to the disbelievers." [Q 2:98] "The Messenger (Muhammad s.a.w.s.) believes in what has been sent down to him from his Lord, and (so do) the believers. Each one believes in Allah, His Angels, His Books, and His Messengers. They say, "We make no distinction between one another of His Messengers" - and they say, "We hear, and we obey. (We seek) Your Forgiveness, our Lord, and to You is the return (of all)." [Q 2:285] From As-Sunnah The Prophet s.a.w.s. said, Eeman is to believe in Allah, and His Angels, and His books). [ Al-Bukhari and Muslim] From Ijma' Ibn Hazm mentioned the consensuss on this issue in this book Maratib Al-ijma. Ibn Taymiyyah and others also resported this consensus From Logic

Believing in the Quran and Messengers necessitates belief in the angles. So if you dont belief in angel you contradict your belief in Quran or how the whole message came.

Binder: Page 6

1.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ANGELS

Worship & obey Allah Never tire of worship They are levels Jibreel is the chief of the angels Best of angels are those who participated in the Battle of Badr [Sahih Bukhari] Commit no sin, no free will Do not eat or drink Have wings Q 35:1 Jibreels wing cover the horizon [Sahih Bukhari] Jibreel has 600 wings [Sahih Bukhari] Has haya (modesty) Has no gender

Enormous number No space (foot width) in the heavens unless there are angels prostrating [Tabarani] Everyday 70000 different group of angels visit Bait ul-Mamur [Sahih Bukhari]

Can change form Taken form as men only o refuting pagans idea: angel = Gods daughter After the time of Prophet, no angels will come as men bringing revelation In hadith Jibreel, angel Jibreel appeared in the form of man.

Love and pray for the righteous Pray against the wrongdoers Ilm gathering: teachers, seekers

Dua in absence of someone

Visiting the sick Visiting a friend just for the sake of Allah Accepting visitors Giving sadaqah 1st line of congregational prayer Constantly going to the masjid Filling in gaps in jamaah prayer Suhoor Perfecting wudhu Reciting Ayatul-Qursi before bed Sitting and making zikr after prayer

Treating parents badly

Disbelievers/hypocrites/innovators Cursing companions of Prophet s.a.w.s. Terrifying others Wife who does not answer her husbands call for no valid reason

What harm people, harm them too Bad smell Smoke Indecency

(until one moves/breaks wudhu)

Binder: Page 6

1.4 THE WISDOM BEHIND THE CREATION OF ANGELS

In general: All angels were created to worship Allah and glorify him. "They celebrate His Praises night and day, and never do they flag or intermit" [Q 21:20] "And we are verily ranged in ranks (for service)." [Q 37:165] In specific: Archangel Jibreel: revealed the message of Allah to all Prophets Maleek: 19 guard hellfire under Maleek 4 angels: Protect every human all the time 2 angels: Question in the grave Angel that guards the gate of jannah (no authentic hadith about its name) Angel that gives good dream 2 angels that write our deeds (Rasulullah s.a.w said all the deeds will be presented twice a week, on Monday & Thursday)

Binder: Page 6

1.5 THE EFFECTS OF BELIEF IN THE ANGELS

EFFECTS OF BELIEF IN THE ANGELS ON THE LIFE OF THE MUSLIM

Protect: Protects from false beliefs and heresy

Steadfast: Aids the believers in remaining steadfast in their religion

Patience: Helps the believers to be patient

Honor: Shows the honor of the believing human

Greatness: Demostrates the Greatness of Allah

Binder: Page 7

1.6 HOW CAN WE UNDERSTAND THESE TWO VERSES?

And (remember) when We said to the angels: "Prostrate yourselves before Adam.". And they prostrated except Iblees (Satan), he refused and was proud and was one of the disbelievers (disobedient to Allah). [Q 2:34] QUESTIONS EXPLANATION Does this mean that Iblees was an angel? Why is Iblees mentioned specifically among the angels in this verse? Vast majority of scholars: Iblees was never an angel (only few scholars said Iblees was an angel and the only one who disobeyed) The verse shows that Iblees did not follow the command thus he is not an angel. Some proofs that Iblees is from the jinn, and not angels: o o o o o o He was one of the jinn and he disobeyed His lord [Q 18:50] and the jinn, we created aforetime from the smokeless flame of Fire [Q 15:27] Iblees got free will Al-Hasan al-Basri: Iblees was never an angel, he is a jinn. Ibn Taymiyyah: Allah gave Iblees the shape of an angel because of his righteousness, so he was with them. Others: when Allah gave them the order to prostrate, Iblees was with them, but not from them. They followed what the Shayatin (devils) gave out (falsely of the magic) in the lifetime of Sulaiman (Solomon). Sulaiman did not disbelieve, but the Shayatin (devils) disbelieved, teaching men magic and such things that came down at Babylon to the two angels, Harut and Marut, but neither of these two (angels) taught anyone (such things) till they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)." And from these (angels) people learn that by which they cause separation between man and his wife, but they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's Leave. And they learn that which harms them and profits them not. And indeed they knew that the buyers of it (magic) would have no share in the Hereafter. And how bad indeed was that for which they sold their ownselves, if they but knew. [Q 2:102] QUESTIONS EXPLANATION The angels taught magic when it is haram to do so. Did the angels disobey Allah? Did the angels sin? Most common opinion: the angels taught magic by the order of Allah, thus, do not sin. Imam al-Qurtubi: The one that taught magic is the shaytan (his opinion is based on the quranic translation, but no one support his opinion) 7 Some other opinions:

QUIZ: CHAPTER I
1) Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a root for the word mala'ikah? a. c. Malik Al-malk b. Mulk d. Al-alukah 2) What is the Pagan Arab view about the angels? a. c. They are Allahs brothers They are Allahs sons b. They are Allahs daughters d. They are a fragment of Prophets imagination 3) In Hebrew, the word malach used for angels literally means a. c. Messenger Wings b. Servant d. Light 4) What is the name of the book, by ibn Hazm, that discusses consensus of issues in aqeedah? a. c. Hujja al Wada' Maratib al-Ijma' b. Al-Ihkam li Usul al-Ahkam d. Al-Radd ala man I'tarada 'ala al-Fisal 5) Which of the followings is NOT the characteristic of the angels? a. c. They pray against tyrant They are all equal with no rank b. They are harmed by indecency d. They are shy of Uthman ibn Affan 6) Everything that happens in this world happens through the angels by the command of Allah s.w.t., according to His qadar. This opinion is given by a. c. Ibn Qayyim Ibn Taymiyyah b. Ibn Hazm d. Al-Hassan Al-Basri 7) There are 11 angels assigned to guard the hellfire under Maleek. This statement is a. True b. False 8

CHAPTER II

JINN: FROM DIFFERENT POINT OF VIEW THE RULING REGARDING BELIEF IN THE JINN ASH-SHAYTAN LIFE OF THE JINN ABILITIES & WEAKNESSES OF THE JINN

Binder: Page 8

2.1 JINN: FROM DIFFERENT POINT OF VIEW

THE ISLAMIC VIEW
1. Linguistic Definition: Root word: jann (concealed, covered) Their name reflects their invisibility (they live in a different world than ours) Accountable being Created from fire of a scorching wind, free of smoke [Q 15:27, 55:15] Created before Adam, to worship Allah [Q 51:56] Invisible to humans [Q 7:27] i) ii) They can see us Only in rare cases that human can see them

2. Technical Definition:

Have special abilities Have genders Some are believers, some are disbelievers Got many names: i) ii) iii) iv) v) Ifrit Marid (usually refers to the worst among the disbelievers) Shaytan (usually refers to the worst among the disbelievers) Aamir Iblees

THE PAGAN ARAB VIEW

Several opinions: Gods son Gods bad brother

THE JEWISH VIEW

1. Orthodox Jew: Jinn are created from fire & water, close to ours Do not believe in jinn 2. Modern Jew:

THE CHRISTIAN VIEW

Dont believe in jinn To them, shaytan has personal army of demons, which are the fallen angels

10

Binder: Page 8

2.2 THE RULING REGARDING BELIEF IN THE JINN

It is obligatory to believe in jinn: Denying it is kufr by the consensus of the scholars. The existence of jinn has been mentioned many times in the Quran. There is even a surah named after them (Surah Al-Jinn = Surah 72) Say: It has been revealed to me that a company of Jinn listened (to the Qur'an). They said, 'We have really heard a wonderful Recital! [Q 72:1]
Binder: Page 9

2.3 ASH-SHAYTAN
WHO IS ASH-SHAYTAN?
1. Literal meaning: very fast, smart. 2. He is Iblees, the Great Taghoot and the Enemy of Mankind. [Q 35:6] 3. Ibn Taymiyyah: He is the "father" of the jinn (refuse to prostrate to Adam a.s., the father of mankind). 4. He is one of the jinn. [Q 18:50] 5. Jealous of the creation of Adam with awrah covered. He said: "I will strip them from their clothes". 6. "Shaytan" can be used to refer to group of disbeliever jinn, but not as name. 7. His ultimate goal: to get more mankind to enter hellfire with him.

WISDOM BEHIND ITS CREATION

1. As a trial: struggling with shaytans is a manifestation of the completing of one's servitude to Allah. 2. Make us fear sinning: Ash-Shaytan worshipped Allah for thousands years and due to his one sin that led to many great sins, he has become the accursed one. 3. As a test to humanity: Without shaytan, everyone can be good. 4. Manifest to Allah's attributes and power: Allah can create the two opposites. Allah Al-Ghaffur will forgive us when we repent while shaytan never repent.

5. Appreciate the opposite: Humans do not appreciate the good until seeing the bad. (such as man never appreciate health until he gets sick) 6. Demonstrate Allah's complete control and ownership 7. Manifestation of Allah's complete wisdom: so many acts of worship are not possible if shaytan doesn't exist. 8. Praising Allah for suppressing the shaytan and showing His patience: that Allah accepted shaytan's dua, that Allah prolonged his life. 11

WISDOM FOR ASH-SHAYTAN PROLONGED LIFE

1. He cannot claim anything: He lived thousands of years worshipping Allah, but now live thousands of years sinning which will nullify all his good deeds. 2. As a fair test to humanity: Scholar said to be fair with the test for all humanity so those people who were in a different time had to deal with shaytan too. 3. As a form of humiliation: He will be responsible to the connection of the worst people in the history of mankind (Pharaoh, Haman, Abu Jahal, Hitler, etc.) 4. To increase his punishment: Since no one could ever sin more than Ash-Shaytan who has been sinning since the time of Adam until qiyamah. 5. Shows Allah's justice: Ash-Shaytan could have repented all this time but he will never repent. So he gets what he deserves!

ASH-SHAYTAN AS THE ENEMY OF MAN

1. "Verily, Ash-Shaytan is an enemy to you, so treat him as an enemy. He only invites his adherents that they may become the dwellers of the blazing Fire." [Q 35:6] 2. He has so much experience dealing with humans. 3. He always plot against you and has unlimited access whispering into you. 4. Defeat him with one word, "Au'dzu billah", and he will become so small like a fly. 5. Ash-shaytan always tries to cause human physical and emotional harm: Poking new born (he couldnt poke Maryam a.s. and Isa a.s.) Give bad dreams Cause accident (fire, plague)

EVERY HUMAN HAS QAREEN FROM THE JINN

1. The Prophet s.a.w.s. told Aishah that even he has a Qareen. [Muslim] 1st opinion: his Qareen becomes a Muslim. 2nd opinion: his Qareen has no control over him. Encourage you to do the extreme Ask you to delay tawbah Put fear in your heart for doing good Encourage lust Raise doubt in your mind

2. They dont have power over you except to whisper:

3. If anyone withdraws himself from remembrance of ((Allah)) Most Gracious, We appoint for him an evil one, to be an intimate companion to him. [Q 43:36] Beat him with the remembrance of Allah (dzikrullah).

12

Binder: Page 10-11

2.4 LIFE OF THE JINN

THEIR CHARACTERISTICS
Among the jinn are the good and evil [Q 72:11] Iblees will never be a Muslim Divided into sects (different beliefs, ideologies). The worst kind are chained during Ramadhan. Shaytan cannot enter where Allah's name is mentioned.

Shaytan sits between the shade and light.

THEIR LIFESTYLE
Eat and drink: Reported by Ibn Umar: Prophet s.a.w.s. said "Shaytan eats and drinks with his left had." Marry and have offsprings [Q 18:50] Can humans and jinn intermarry? Religiously impossible because Allah s.w.t. said: "Among His signs is that He created from your kind, your spouses..." [Q 30:21] But Allah knows best since jinn can take human forms.

THEIR LIFESPAN
They die [Q 55:26]:
Propher s.a.w.s. said in his dua, "You are the One that never die, and the humans and jinn die." [Bukhari] Generally, they live for a very long time.

JINN AND ANIMALS

Can take animal form such as snake, except for three kinds: Rattle snake Cobra Cobra bold snake They ride animals [Q 17:64] The Prophet s.a.w.s. said, "The black dog is a shaytan." [Muslim] Shaykh Wisaam's opinion: this is just a figurative speech - not all black dogs are shayateen.

13

Binder: Page 11-12

2.5 ABILITIES & WEAKNESSES OF THE JINN

ABILITIES OF THE JINN
A 'Ifreet of the jinn said, "I will bring it to you before you can rise from your place. Surely, I am strong and trusty for such work." Then one who had knowledge of the book said, "I will bring it to you within the blink of an eye!" [Q 27:39-40] Can transform into man or animal Can possess man

WEAKNESSES OF THE JINN

Prophet s.a.w.s. said that whatever path Umar r.a. takes, shaytan will take different path. Their power are limited [Q 26:212, 17:88] They cannot take the shape of Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.s. Anas reported that Prophet s.a.w.s said, "The shaytan cannot come in my shape." [Muslim] They become weak when you say "bismillah".

Jinn cannot harm someone who never miss a prayer

Jinn cannot harm someone who read "Bismillahillathi la yadhurru maasmihi shaiu fil ardhi wa la fissamai wa huassamiul aleem" in the morning and evening.

POSSESSION
Can jinn possess humans? Most sunni scholars: Yes, they can. Proof: [Q 2:275] Some groups (first was Mu'tazilah): No, they cannot since they are created from fire while humans are from clay. Why would jinn possess humans? Magic: someone send jinn to another person to do the "dirty job" Revenge: when one has harmed them or their kind Adoration and lust Evil eye: Ibn Qayyim: an evil soul can literally, physically and psychologically effect another person. Ibn Abbas: Evil eye happens out of admiration or hasad/envy motivated by hatred.

14

QUIZ: CHAPTER II
1) What of the followings are (part or whole) technical definition of Jinn? I. Jinn are not accountable beings II. Jinn were created from fire III. Jinn are unseen to humans IV. Jinn are given special abilities unlike humans a. c. I, II and III II, III and IV b. I, III and IV d. All of the above 2) Which of the following groups do NOT believe in the existence of jinn? I. Orthodox Jew II. Modern Jew III. Christians a. c. I and II only II and III only b. I and III only d. All of the above 3) Allah let Shaytan lives until the Day of Judgment: I. Because He is Most Just and Most Merciful II. To reward the Shaytan for the good deeds he did before he became a disbeliever so that when he comes on the Day of Judgment he cannot claim anything from the good that he did before III. To be fair to all humans so that they can get the same tests from Shaytan a. c. I only II and III only b. I and II only d. All of the above 4) For which of the following can be the reasons a jinn possess a human being? I. Magic II. Animosity and hatred III. Revenge IV. Adoration or lust a. c. I, II and III only II, III and IV only b. I, II and IV only d. All of the above

15

CHAPTER III

THE MEANING OF BELIEF IN THE BOOKS OUR POSITION REGARDING THE OTHER SCRIPTURES BELIEVING IN THE LAST BOOK: AL-QURAN THE MIRACLES OF AL-QURAN

16

Binder: Page 13

3.1 THE MEANING OF BELIEF IN THE BOOKS

It is obligatory to believe in the books: a person is not a believer without this pillar.

ABOUT KITAB (BOOK)

Kitab (or book) literally means compilation/collection, not necessarily means written form. It is a compilation of guidance, legislation, history and moral issues sent to the Messengers. Refering it as kitab would encourage people to write it down, document it and to be preserved for future generation. Tawrah is the only scripture sent in the written form.

BELIEF IN THE BOOKS ENTAILS

BELIEF IN THE PREVIOUS BOOKS
Scriptures of Ibraheem [Q 87:18-19], Zabur [Q 17:55], Tawrah [Q 5:44], Injeel [Q 57:27] (There were also other books of unknown names and quantity [Q 3:184])

BELIEVING IN THE QURAN AND THAT IT IS THE LAST BOOK ALLAH REVEALED

BELIEVING IN THE WAHY (REVELATION) [Q 4:163]

ALL THE BOOKS ARE ALLAH'S WORDS = ALLAH SPEAKS

17

Binder: Page 14-15

3.2 OUR POSITION REGARDING THE OTHER SCRIPTURES

1st Extreme Middle Path (Our position) Originally from Allah 2nd Extreme Everything in the books has been changed, not a single word from Allah Why? Q 2:75, 4:46, 5:14: mentioned changes done to the books Improper contents: e.g: prophets committing sins

No changes except in interpretation Why? Q 18:27: None who can change His word Prophet put Tawrah on pillow (respect) and proclaimed: I believe in you and the One who sent you down.

Source of legislation at that time i) Part of texts was lost ii) Additional texts were put it

Ibn Qayyim stated 5 changes in the books:

iii) Incorrect translation occurred iv) Incorrect interpretation happened v) Original words/phrases were substituted Compare the content to Quran and hadith: i) If it does not contradict: from Allah ii) If it contradicts: not from Allah iii) If it does not contradict, but not in the Quran and hadith: can be taken as stories do not attribute to Allah not as source of legislation

Binder: Page 15-16

3.3 BELIEVING IN THE LAST BOOK: AL-QURAN

Last revelation

Literal meaning: "recitation"

The best of Allah's speech

Best verse: Ayatul Kursi

Al-Quran

Revealed in pure Arabic

Best surah: Al-Fatihah

Has many names & descriptions

18

THE UNIQUE QUALITIES OF AL-QURAN

THE TEACHINGS COVERS ALL THE TEACHINGS IN PREVIOUS BOOKS

"And We have sent down to you (O Muhammad s.a.w.s.) the Book (this Quran) in truth, confirming the scriptures that came before it and Muhayminan (trustworthy in highness and a witness) over it (old scriptures)..." [Q 5:48] SAFEGUARDED ALLAH PROMISED TO SAFEGUARD IT

"Verily, it is We who have sent down the Dhikr (i.e. the Quran) and surely, We will guard it (from corruption)" [Q 15:9]

EEMAN IN THE QURAN HAS TWO LEVELS

FIRST LEVEL Rukun of eeman (leaving it is kufr/ nawaqid al-eeman) Believing that Quran is Allah's word, revealed to Prophet s.a.w.s., last revelation, delievered to us completely, protected from any changes, source of legislation, etc. SECOND LEVEL

Includes obligations and recommendations (leaving it is not considered kufr)

Applying its rules, reading it, memorizing it, understanding it, etc.

Binder: Page 16

3.4 THE MIRACLES OF AL-QURAN

Safeguarded
Not even a phrase or a word or a letter changed until today

Content
Perfect No contradiction [Q 4:82]

Scientific value
Scientifically proven facts e.g.: embryology, astronomy, etc.

Prophecies
All prophecies fulfilled (Rome won over Persia, Abu Lahab died in the state of kufr, etc.)

Effect on soul
Calming Touch the heart of those who dont even know Arabic 19

Language
Perfect structure No man/jinn can reproduce something like it [Q 17:88]

QUIZ: CHAPTER III

1) Which of the following is NOT one of the three opinions regarding our position towards existing Books (the Tawrah and Injeel)? a. The existing Books are all perfect and neither their words, nor the interpretation of their words, have changed. b. The text did not change but the meaning has been lost over the years. c. The other revealed Books are completely changed and as such we do not have any of the authentic revelations left. d. Some parts of the texts available today are still the same but there have been many changes made to them. 2) The verse: And we inspired the mother of Moses, (saying): Suckle him (Moses), but when you fear for him, then cast him into the river and fear not, nor grieve. Verily! We shall bring him back to you, and shall make him one of (Our) Messengers. [Q 28:7], particularly exhibits which of the following miracles of the Quran? a. c. Fulfillment of prophecy Mention of things that could only have been known by Allah b. Language d. Freedom from contradiction 3) There are two levels of eeman in the Quran, and leaving them both is kufr. This statement is a. 4) True b. False

There are five kind changes that take place in the current tawrah and injeel. Who made this opinion? a. c. Ibn Qayyim Ibn Abbas b. Ibn Hazm d. Ibn Taymiyyah

5)

Al-Quran was sent down to teach mankind with brand new teachings. This statement is a. True b. False

6)

Kitaab literally means compilation or collection. It doesnt mean written form. Thus, none of the scriptures was sent down in written form. This statement is a. True b. False

7)

Al-Quran contains the best of Allahs speech. This statement is a. True b. False 20

CHAPTER IV

DEFINITIONS OF NABIYY AND RASOOL WHY DID ALLAH SEND MESSENGERS? THE MEANING OF BELIEF IN THE MESSENGERS THE BENEFITS OF BELIEF IN THE MESSENGERS SPECIAL QUALITIES OF THE PROPHETS PROPHET MUHAMMAD S.A.W.S. PROPHETHOOD NULLIFIERS OF BELIEF IN THE PROPHET S.A.W.S. EVIDENCES FOR THE PROPHETHOOD OF PROPHET S.A.W.S.

21

Binder: Page 17

4.1 DEFINITIONS OF NABIYY AND RASOOL

It is obligatory to believe in the Messengers: a person is not a believer without this pillar. Each one believes in Allah, His Angels, His Books, and His Messengers. They say, We make no distinction between one another of His Messengers, [Q 2:285] We send a Messenger or a prophet before you [Q 22:52]

NABIYY
(plural: Anbiya) Prophet one who were given news

RASOOL
(plural: Rusul) Messenger one who were delivers a message

IS THERE ANY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NABIYY AND RASOOL? Opinion 1: YES Argument:
Q 22:52 ... a Messenger or a prophet before you... From Abu Dharr: 124 000 prophets & 315 Messengers [Ahmad, Ibn Hibban, Al-Tabarani]

Opinion 2: NO [Q 2:285] Counter-argument:

Linguistic difference - Does not mean real difference Weak narrators: - Mutam Ibn Dufaa - Ali bin Yazid (only he narrates the figures)

Claim for the two being different:

Prophet: not told to convey message Messenger: told to convey message

Counter-argument to refute the claim:

Q 2:213: ... Allah sent Prophets as bearers of good tidings and as warners... Quran: Prophets given books (new revelation) Hadith: Adam is the first prophet (no previous revelation) Hadith: Some prophets had only 1, 2 followers; some none (there were nonbelievers too)

Prophet: revive previous revelation Messenger: receive new revelation

Prophet: sent to believers Messenger: sent to non-believers

22

Binder: Page 18

4.2 WHY DID ALLAH SEND MESSENGERS?

1
HUMANKIND IS IN GREAT NEED OF MESSENGERS

To establish proof against us [Q 17:15]

2 3 4

Guide people about the ultimate benefit [Q 42:52, 7:43]

To save us from us [Q 57:25]

As healing for mankind, from physiological problem [Q 10:57]

Binder: Page 19-22

4.3 THE MEANING OF BELIEF IN THE MESSENGERS

THE MEANING OF BELIEF IN THE MESSENGERS It entails that we believe in every single Messenger: Identities of some are unknown [Q 40:78] 25 prophets are named in the Quran Some debates on whether some of the individuals are prophets (e.g: Khidir, Luqman) Denying one Messenger = denying all of them since all of them come with the same message [Q 26:105, 4:150-151] All prophets have no divine attributes [Q 3:144, 25:20]

ARE THERE MESSENGERS FROM THE JINN?

YES (PERHAPS) Q 6:130 O you assembly of Jinn and mankind! Did not there come to you Messengers from amongst you... NO Al-Hassan Al-Basri: Allah did not send any Messenger from the Bedouins, females, or Jinn.

Counter-argument to refute claim:

This verse does not indicate that Jinn have no Messengers amongst them In this verse, men can also refer to males from the jinn.

Reason to support claim:

Q 7:35 O Children of Adam! If there come to you Messengers from amongst you... Q 21:7 And We sent not before you but men to whom We inspired...

23

CAN THERE BE MESSENGERS FROM THE WOMEN?

NO Q 21:7 And We sent not before you but men to whom We inspired... YES Ibn Hazm, Al-Qurtubi, Al-Ashari claim that these women are prophets due the given reason: i) Hawa: Allah spoke to her ii) Sara: Allah sent Jibreel to bring message of pregnancy [Q 11:71] iii) Maryam: Allah sent Jibreel to bring message of pregnancy [Q 19:17] iv) Umm Musa: Allah inspired her to suckle Musa and then him cast into the river [Q 28:7] PROOFS FROM QURAN & SUNNAH THAT WOMEN MESSENGERS Q 13:38 ...Messengers before you, and made for them wives... Prophets = the best among humans But Maryam, Fatimah, Khadijah, Asiah were only described as the best among women in hadith. Q 5:75 Isa is mentioned as Messenger, Maryam as siddiqah Q 16:68 Allah inspired the bees No message to be delivered to the people Degrading to call Maryam siddiqah if she were a Messenger Only news/inspiration given to these women Hawa, Sara, Umm Musa = not listed Only men have wives

Inspiration does not lead to prophethood

Allah sent them to call people to tawheed [Q 21:25]

MUSLIMS BELIEF ABOUT THE PROPHETS

Allah has chosen the prophets (mustafawn)

[Q 38:47]
Allah sent them miracles to support their call

may be given more than one miracle

miracles match the time and age of the prophet

24

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MUJIZAT OF PROPHETS, SUPERNATURAL ACTS OF MAGICIANS & KARAMAT OF AWLIYA MU'JIZAT (PROPHETS)
Something no human can do

SUPERNATURAL ACT (MAGICIANS)

Something that all humans can do

KARAMAT (AWLIYA')
Their miracle is prophet's miracle since they are granted the miracle because they follow the prophets

Always promote good

Always promote evil

ARE THE PROPHETS INFALLIBLE?

Consensus: The prophets never commit kufr, immoral/indecent acts or lie. If they commit a minor sin, they repent from it.

ARE THE PROPHETS EQUAL OR OF VARYING LEVELS?

"Those Messengers! We preferred some to others; to some of them Allah spoke (directly); others He raised in degrees (of honor)" [Q 2:253] Only Allah can favor one prophet over another. "The Prophet (PBUH) said, Do not favor between the Prophets of Allah." [Muslim]

THERE ARE VARYING LEVELS OF PROPHETS

You can favor them in general term but not individually, and not in a way to disrespect other prophets.

Prophets and Messengers are better than ALL other people. They are the mustawfawn.

Binder: Page 22

4.4 THE BENEFITS OF BELIEF IN THE MESSENGERS

Become our role model, learn from their history So we can Feel Shows Allah's Shows us that Teach us to love them and honoured that wisdom, even the best get closer to be with them they are our increase our people have Allah in jannah forefathers eman enemies 25

Binder: Page 22

4.5 SPECIAL QUALITIES OF THE PROPHETS

Al-Wahy Revelation Eyes may sleep, but heart was awake Have seen angels in original form Al-Ismah Infallibility

Special life in grave; souls in heavens

Earth cannot dissolve their bodies

Souls not taken without their consent

Buried where they died

Do not pass inheritance

SPECIFIC QUALITIES OF THE FOLLOWING PROPHETS ADAM A.S.

Created from clay No father and mother First human and prophet Lived in heaven Same as paradise? Ibn Qayyim: No, but somewhere on earth (weak opinion) Angels bowed to him Hawa created from his rib Had all the beauty Believers will be resurrected with beauty like his

MUSA A.S.
Allah spoke directly to him (Kalamullah) Tawrah was already written for him (in tablets)

MUHAMMAD S.A.W.S.
Sent to all mankind Last Messenger Miraj All spots in the world are prayer space for his ummah

ISA A.S.
No father Not touched by Shaytan when born Not dead Will return and kill Dajjal

Given Al-Quran, a miracle that will last until the end of time Shafaah to start judgment on the Judgment Day

26

Binder: Page 23-24

4.6 PROPHET MUHAMMAD S.A.W.S. PROPHETHOOD

SUNNAH OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD S.A.W.S.
APPLIED ONLY TO HIM S.A.W.S. Married >4 women o Allahs commands o The wives chronicled his life Fasted several days (continuously) - He was unlike us: given food and drink by Allah [Bukhari] Slept woke up pray without wudhu - their eyes were asleep but heart was awake

MUST NOT BE FOLLOWED

AUTHORITATIVE Declared war/peace Said someone should be killed/protected Give punishment

MUST BE FOLLOWED ONLY BY

SOMEONE WITH THE SAME LEVEL OF AUTHORITY E.g: Ruler of the country

PART OF CULTURE Name of daughters Rode camel Wore turban/izar Eat with fingers, etc.

NO OBLIGATION TO FOLLOW Also, no reward unless there is a

supporting statement.
E.g.: Rasulullah s.a.w.s. specifically said that he loves eating dates.

EXPLAINING RELIGION/ IBADAH Solah Hajj Zakah, etc.

MUST BE FOLLOWED

27

Binder: Page 25-26

4.7 NULLIFIERS OF BELIEF IN THE PROPHET S.A.W.S.

Believe that he has lied Hating him or his message Loving his enemies

Enmity towards him; fight against his sunnah Turn away from guidance; change his religion

Doubting him or his teachings Criticizing him or his sunnah

Binder: Page 26-27

4.8 EVIDENCES FOR THE PROPHETHOOD OF PROPHET S.A.W.S.

AL-QURAN: THE ETERNAL MIRACLE
...what I was given was a revelation [Bukhari] Prophet s.a.w.s. did not write the Quran

HIS MIRACLES
Splitting of the moon Water coming out fingers, etc.

o never said anything close to the standard

of Al-Quran o illiterate: could not read or write o information in Al-Quran beyond his knowledge o language Jews language: could not have copied from them

HIS SHAREEAH
Q 34:46 I exhort you on one only: stand up for Allahs sake Protect the women who were oppressed at that time

PROPHECIES ABOUT HIM

His prophethood have been prophecies in other scriptures: o o o Bible: Mahammudim, Himdah, Vedas: Mamaha, Ahamiddhi Gospel of Buddha: Maitreya

HIS MESSAGE
His message confirms previous messages from other prophets Q 42:13 He has ordained for you the same message... Q 46:9 ...I am no bringer of new-fangled doctrine among the apostles

HIS BEAUTIFUL MANNERS

Al-ameen: the trustworthy

Afaf: not interested in what others are

Signs seen by Salman Al-Farisi: o o Do not accept sadaqah but accept gift Seal of prophethood between his shoulders 28

KNOWLEDGE ON THE UNSEEN

Q 17 18: Answered the Jews questions about the people of the cave, Dhul-Qarnain, and the soul.

A FALSE PROPHET WOULD GO FOR...

BUT THE TRUE PROPHET MUHAMMAD S.A.W.S...

Slept on a rough mat, which left marks on his body

FINANCIAL GAIN

[Narrated by Ibn Masud] Had nothing to be inherited from Rejected the Meccans offer to make him one of their leaders

POWER

Walked alongside the companions instead of in front of them Followers: women, the poor, kids, slaves = followers of previous prophets (stated by Caesar) Is not the main focus of the Quran Very humble, dressed like the others

FAME

29

QUIZ: CHAPTER IV
1) Which of the following is TRUE? a. c. Prophet cannot be given more than one miracle. You are allowed to favor one Prophet over another, even if this causes you to be disrespectful to one of the Prophets. d. Prophethood is not something that one can earn through effort. 2) According to Al-Hassan Al-Basri, prophets were not sent from which of the following groups? I. Jinn II. Angels III. Women IV. Bedouins a. c. I and II only I, III and IV only b. I and III only d. All of the above 3) The miracles (karamat) of the awliya is the miracles of the prophets. This statement is a. 4) True b. False b. Prophets can lie.

With regards to prophets infallibility, the consensus of ulama has agreed that the prophets have never committed any sin. This statement is a. True b. False

5)

There are women among the Prophets. This is the opinion agreed by I. Ibn Hazm II. Al-Qurtubi III. Al-Ashari IV. Al-Hasan Al-Basri a. c. I only I, II and III only b. II and III only d. All of the above

6)

The heart of the prophets never sleeps even when their eyes are. This statement is a. True b. False

30

CHAPTER V

WHAT IS AL-QADA WAL-QADAR? THE HISTORY OF INNOVATION IN AL-QADAR THE PILLARS OF AL-QADR ALLAH IS THE CREATOR OF ALL THINGS ALLAHS WILL AND KNOWLEDGE TAWAKKUL IN ALLAH WHILE TAKING THE MEANS FREE WILL AT-TAWFEEQ AND AL-KHUDLAN CAN QADAR BE CHANGED? RELIGION AND PREDESTINATION DO NOT CONTRADICT BELIEF IN AL-QADAR IS PART OF TAWHEED BENEFITS OF BELIEF IN AL-QADAR

31

Binder: Page 28

5.1 WHAT IS AL-QADA WAL-QADAR?

It is obligatory to believe in Al-Qadar: a person is not a believer without this pillar.

AL-QADAR
LINGUISTIC Root word: Qadara Knew Predetermined Planned perfectly Allahs TECHNICAL Complete knowledge Writing in the Safe Tablet Willing of all things Before their existence Judged Ordained

AL-QADA
Root word: Qada

Executed perfectly Allahs Creation of all things By His command and will *Al-Qadar comes first before Al-Qada

The phrase Al-Qada wal-Qadar cannot be found in the Quran, hadith nor pious predecessors statements. However, it became common in the works of Ahl AsSunnah later. SOME OTHER OPINIONS Ashairah: Definition of Al-Qadar = definition of Al-Qada, and vice versa Some scholars: No difference between the two

SHOULD WE STUDY AL-QADR?

The Prophet s.a.w.s. said, If the subject of Qadar is brought up, then withhold (from speaking about it) [At-Tabarani] YES, WE SHOULD. This hadith only means that one should not raise doubts about Allah or study al-qadar to question Him.

32

9 PRINCIPLES OF AL-QADAR
Religion & Predestinat ion do not contradict Belief in alQadar is part of tawheed

5 Pillars of Al-Qadar

Tawakkul & taking the means

Free will

Allah is the Creator of all things

Allah's will and wisdom

AtTawfeeq and AlKhudlan

Can qadar be changed?

Binder: Page 28

5.2 THE HISTORY OF INNOVATION IN AL-QADAR

AL-JABRIYYAH
Labeed ibn Al-Asam Taloot Bayan ibn Saman Al-Jad ibn Dirham AlJahm ibn Safwan (128 AH) Jewish ideology: Labeed = Jew who used black magic

AL-QADARIYYAH
Seesawayh (Sinsawayh Al-Baqqal and Sawsan) Mabad Al-Juhanee (80 AH)
Ghaylan Ad-Dimishqee (105 AH)

Also spreaded by: Wasil ibn Ata (131 AH) Amr ibn Ubaid (134 AH) Bishr ibn Mutamir Al-Koofee Shams Ad-Deen Jafar Al-Bahloolee Az-Zaidee (573 AH) The Mutazilah Christian ideology: Seesawayh = Iraqi monk (Christian Muslim Christian)

SOURCE

against Prophet s.a.w.s.

EXTREEM BELIEF IN AL-QADAR

We have no action/will/ determination/choice

DISBELIEF IN AL-QADAR We do as we will Allah either: do not know what will we do until it takes place know but He did not create

BELIEF

Allah is responsible for everything while we are not responsible for anything Allah forces us into our action and determination 33

Binder: Page 29

5.3 THE PILLARS OF AL-QADAR

The five pillars enable us to define al-qadar and al-qada:

1. AL-ILM (ALLAHS KNOWLEDGE)

Q 8:75 ...Al-Knower of everything... His knowledge is complete: o o o Seen & unseen [Q 6:59] Past, present & future Things that didnt happen: what would have happened if it happened Refuting the dead disbelievers who asked to be returned to the world to do good deeds [Q 6:27-28, 8:23]

2. AL-KITABAH 5. AL-KHALQ (THE CREATION)

Q 39:62 ...Allah is the Creator of Everything... 5 PILLARS OF AL-QADAR

(THE WRITING)
Q 22:70 ... it is all in
the Book... Written 50 000 years before creation of heavens and earth [Muslim]

4. AL-AMR (THE COMMAND)

When Allah intends something, then it will be Q 36:82 ...He says to it, Be! and it is...

3. MASHEEAH (ALLAHS WILL)

Q 5:48 If Allah willed, He would have made you one nation, but that He may test you... Nothing can happen without His will [Q 81:29] Believers heart lies between two fingers of the Merciful. He changes them as He likes. [Muslim]

34

Binder: Page 30-31

5.4 ALLAH IS THE CREATOR OF ALL THINGS

ALLAH = CREATOR OF ALL THINGS

THE GOOD Undisputable: All good is

THE BAD Q 4:78: The hypocrites said Prophet s.a.w.s.

attributed to Allah

caused bad things. WRONG! Because:

Q 4:78: Allah created good and bad Q 4:79: Bad is created but happened because of you

BAD IS FROM ALLAH? OPINIONS OF AHLUS-SUNNAH

Dont generalize a statement Can the bad be attributed to Allah?

affirming or negating that

Allah wills bad to exist Dont attribute evil to Allah (as name/action/quality) Most evil is directly linked to human action There is no absolute evil There is no inherent evil - All evils are adventitious

The general statement refers to Allah as the

Creator of everything. Q 4:78 ...All things from Allah... Evil is mentioned in passive voice (indirect) Q 72:10 ...whether evil is intended for those on earth, or whether their Lord intends for them a Right Path... Evil as an act of the creation, not the Creator Q 113:2 ...evil of what He has created...

Quran refers to thing that evil befell Q 72:10 ...when I am ill, it is He who cures me...

EXISTENCE OF GOOD & BAD

100% good Good > bad CONCENSUS AMONG THE AHLUS-SUNNAH: All Allahs decrees either fall under 100% good or good > bad Why? Allah will never let things go bad all the time. For example: sin repent better than before calamity patient rewards in dunya and/or akhirah

Good = bad
Bad > good 100% bad

35

BENEFITS OF EVIL IN RELATION TO...

THE CREATOR Showing Allahs: Power: He creates all (sickness vs. health, hardship vs. ease) Wisdom: Bad and good happens for a reason Mercy & forgiveness; If you do not commit sins replaced with people who commit sins and seek forgiveness Allah will forgive [Muslim] Justice Showing His completeness in His names and attributes You become sick He heals Reaching the purpose of creating life No good without evil Bringing creations back to worshipping Him THE CREATIONS Test and trial - Q 29:2: When you believe, you will be tested - Level of test is based on level of eman [hadith] Tarbiah and tadeeb Battle of Uhud: disobeyed Prophet s.a.w.s. Battle of Hunain: arrogant because of large number Prayer and turning to Allah Change according to guidance Q 32:21: ...taste lower punishment before the greater, so that they may return... Appreciate the nikmah We rarely appreciate something until we lost it It is not about the sin itself, but what comes after it Contemplate on others calamities and learn from them Hastened punishment MUSLIMS Raising of level and atonement Raise your level in jannah Any good deed intended but was prevented by calamity still be rewarded Patience in calamity: rewards in dunya and akhirah Any trouble, illness, etc. that afflicts a Muslim Allah removes some of his minor sins [Bukhari, Muslim] Trials will continue to befall the believers until they meet Allah with no sin on them. [Al-Tirmizi] Reasons sinfulness is allowed to happen (with respect to Kuffar)

ALLAHS WILL (Masheeah) AND WISDOM (Hikmah)

the reasons behind all His actions based on His knowledge But you cannot will, unless Allah wills. Verily, Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise. [Q 76:30] ALL-KNOWING (AL-ALEEM) ALL-WISE (AL-HAKEEM) always come together in Al-Quran

THE MEANING AL-HAKEEM The One who rule (from hakama) 36 The Wise (from hikmah)

Binder: Page 32

5.5 TAWAKKUL IN ALLAH WHILE TAKING THE MEANS

TAWAKKUL IN ALLAH while Our Actions By Choice No Choice TAKING THE MEANS

Must be based on:

At-tawakkul Taking precautions

AT-TAWAKKUL
Knowledge and action of the heart: Proportional to ones knowledge & certainty of Allah Tawakkul hearts tranquility & contentment Greatest act of worship: - human lack power - Allah has complete power - show our complete dependence Leads to: - patience - trust in His legislation - ar-ridha (content)

AL-AKHDH BIL-ASBAAB
Striving to achieve the physical means: - do what it takes - remove hindrance Means have actual effects, not imaginary - Some say means have no effect (related to Jabriyyah) Means can be - tangible (physical action) - intangible (dua, ruqyah, charity, etc) : o Charity makes you healthy, heals sickness [from hadith]

emphasis.

NO DIRECT COMMAND IN QURAN Natural, common sense: no need Tie your camel first, then put your trust in Allah. [Tirmizi]

DIRECT COMMAND IN QURAN Q 3:160: ... in Allah let believers put their trust. Q 5:23: ...put your trust (in Allah) in you are indeed believers...

37

Binder: Page 33

5.6 FREE WILL

ACTIONS EMANATE FROM COMBINATION OF TWO FROM ALLAH
Ordained the action Created the necessary means

FROM HUMANS
Performed the action

SOME ISSUES REGARDING FREE WILL FREE or NO FREE WILL

Free will in some actions No free will in others (e.g.: skin, race, heartbeat, dream) - not accountable

OUR or ALLAHS WILL Our free will never goes

beyond Allahs will

ALLAH CREATES, WE USE

Allah provides - tools - guidance Man has free will to - use the tools - make the choice

Bad/evil
- How do we know Allah wanted it (no access to His knowledge/writing) - We are the ones who commit the action (Allahs knowledge does not influence our choice)

38

Binder: Page 33

5.7 AT-TAWFEEQ AND AL-KHUDLAN

AT-TAWFEEQ AL-KHUDLAAN Meaning: To be left to oneself Allah only leaves you to yourself when you turn your back from Him.

AL-HIDAYAH (THE GUIDANCE)

WORLDLY
For all creations Based on His will and wisdom e.g. migration of animals

RELIGIOUS
HIDAYAT AL-BAYAN/ AL-IRSHAD guidance, education, explanation, info for everyone e.g: Q 11:88: ...and

am

in

accordance

with

the

thoughts of My slave about Me; and I am with him, when he remembers Me. If he remembers Me in his heart, I also remember him in My heart. If he remembers Me in a group, I remember him in a better group (i.e. angels). If he draws near Me by the span of a palm, I draw near him by a cubit. If he draws near Me by a cubit, I draw near him by the space covered by two hands. If he walks towards Me, I go to him running. [Hadith Qudsi] Prophets s.a.w.s. dua: O Allah, it is your Mercy that I hope for; so do not leave me in charge of my affairs even for a blink of an eye and

Example of when both types of the hidayahs meant

Q 1:6 Guide us to the straight path Al-Bayan/AlIrshad: knowledge At-Tawfeeq: heart

my guidance cannot
come except from HIDAYAT AT-TAWFEEQ opening of the heart favor, assistance, granting success for believers, those He favors e.g: Q 28:56: ...but Allah guides whom He wills...

rectify for me all of my affairs.

None has the right to be worshipped except you.

39

Binder: Page 34

5.8 CAN QADAR BE CHANGED?

YES. Some of the proofs: Adam a.s. asked Allah to give Daud a.s. his 40 years of life [Tirmizi] Righteousness increases lifespan, dua repels decree, sin decrease provision [Ibn Majah] Be good to your parents to prolong your lifespan [Hadith] According to Ibn Abbas, qadr were written in several books

TWO TYPES OF WRITINGS

AL-LAWH AL-MAHFOODH (THE SAFE TABLET) Tablets of the Angels

Life It is with Allah An angel will write the livelihood, life term, deeds and status (blessed/ wretched) of a Every single thing is written A pen is the first thing created wrote the person while he is still in the womb [Bukhari] decree of everything until the day of Annual Q 44:4 "Therein (that night, i.e. laylatulNothing can be changed The pen has been lifted and the pages have qadar) is decreed every matter of ordainment." dried. [Tirmizi] Daily Q 55:29 "...Everyday, He has a matter to bring forth..." Explanation from hadith of Ibn Majah: Allah may forgive a sin, lifts/lower honor, relief the hardship judgement [Abu Dawud]

WHY ARE THE TABLETS OF THE ANGELS CHANGEABLE? Show that no one has ultimate knowledge except Allah Show the power of good deeds and dua

...Allah blots out what He wills and confirms (what He wills). And with Him is the Mother of the Book (Al-Lawh Al-Mahfoodh)... [Q 13:39]

40

Binder: Page 34

5.9 RELIGION AND PREDESTINATION DO NOT CONTRADICT

RELIGION & PREDESTINATION DO NOT CONTRADICT
...His is the creation and commandment... [Q 7:54]

OPINIONS ON RELIGION AND PREDESTINATIONS

AL-MUSHRIKIYYAH (THE PAGANS) Al-Qadar = Ash-Shar Everything that happens is ordained and loved by Allah Q 43:20 ...If the Beneficent One has willed, we should not have worship them... Prophets were making it difficult for people by putting restrictions AL-IBLEESIYYAH Al-Qadar Ash-Shar (and they contradict each other) Iblees was the first one who took this view This group follows their desire and go against the shareeah: o If Allah wants us to lower our gaze, then why make women so beautiful AL-MAJOOSIYYAH Al-Qadar Ash-Shar If they contradict, deny Al-Qadar Example: Allah said do bad deed a person does a bad deed so, Allah does not know about it Idea of two gods: Good god (responsible for good actions) Evil god (responsible for bad actions) AHL AS-SUNNAH Al-Qadar Ash-Shar but not everything Allah wills, He loves Creation (Khalq) Command (Amr) Predestionation (Al-Qadar) Legislation (Ash-Shar) Will (Masheeah) Love (Mahabbah) Allahs will can be Sharee (legislative): He loves Deenee (religious): He loves Kawnee/Qadaree: Not related to love/dislike Allow + loves e.g.: send pro hets Allow + dislike e.g.: sin of Adam AS Some acts are willed for the act themselves for an end (other than the acts) Cannot use Al-Qadar to justify wrong actions Argument between Musa a.s. and Adam a.s. [Bukhari]: can justify the calamity (thrown out of paradise) can justify qadar after the sin (in repentance), not before/as the cause of sin, e.g.: Allah guided me, I no longer do the sin. 41 Disallow + loves e.g.: create all s Muslims Disallow + dislike e.g.: create all as Kuffar

Binder: Page 34

5.10 BELIEF IN AL-QADAR IS PART OF TAWHEED

BELIEF IN AL-QADAR IS PART OF TAWHEED AR-RUBOOBIYYAH, AL-ILAHIYYAAH & AL-ASMA WAS SIFAT
Allah = Creator, Sustainer Al-Qadar is based on Allah willing, commanding and creating our actions Ibn Taymiyyah: Parts of beliefs in Al-Qadar are connected to worshipping Allah: i) tawakkul, ii) redha iii) patience

AR-RUBOOBIYYAH

AL-ILAHIYYAAH

Attributes related to Al-Qadar: i) Knowledge ii) Wisdom AL-ASMA' WAS SIFAT iii) Creating iv) Ability v) Will vi) Justice vii) Talking viii) Writing

Binder: Page 34

5.11 BENEFITS OF BELIEF IN AL-QADAR

ATTAIN PEACE OF MIND
Fear no one. Not worried about the result when you have put all your best effort in your work. Not concerned about the past of future. Knows that there is hi'mah in everything. Have stronger determination to move forward. Believe in the power of dua, Eliminates bad characters, Becomes patient. Become more generous. You take precautions, do as much as you can then depend upon Him,

FOCUSED MIND

STRONGER WILL POWER

BECOME MODEST AND HUMBLE

TOTAL DEPENDENCE UPON ALLAH

42

QUIZ: CHAPTER V
1) The al-Jabriyyah went to extremes regarding al-Qadar. Which of the following is TRUE about their ideas? a. c. Believe we have no choice or free will Khalifah al-Mamun adopted this ideology b. This ideology was spread by ash-Shia d. Denied al-Qadar 2) Which of the following are part of al-Qadar? I. Allahs Knowledge (al-Ilm) II. Allahs Writing (al-Kitabah) III. Allahs Will (al-Masheeah) IV. Allahs Command (al-Amr) V. Allahs Creation (al-Khalq) a. c. I and II only I, III and V only b. I, II and III only d. III, IV and V only 3) Al-akhdh bil-asbaab is striving to achieve the physical means. This statement is a. 4) True b. False

There are direct commands in the Quran for the believers to have tawakkul. This statement is a. True b. False

5)

and my guidance cannot come except from Allah, in Him I trust and unto Him I repent. [Q 11:88] What type of guidance is described in the verse? a. c. Hidayat Al-Bayan or Al-Irshad Hidayat Ad-Dunya b. Hidayat At-Tawfeeq d. Both hidayat Al-Bayan and hidayat At-Tawfeeq

6)

The concept of Al-Kudhlan: Allah only leaves you to yourself when you turn your back from Him. This statement is a. True b. False

7)

Belief in Al-Qadar is part of Tawheed Ar-Ruboobiyyah, Al-Ilahiyyah and Al-Asma was-Sifat. This statement is a. True b. False

43

8)

Which of the writings of qadar can be changed? I. Al-Lawh Al-Mahfoodh II. Tablets of the Angels a. c. I only Both I and II b. II only d. None of the above

9)

Which of the group believe that Al-Qadar is other than Ash-Shar and contradicts each other? a. c. Al-Mushrikiyyah Al-Majoosiyyah b. Al-Ibleesiyyah d. Ahl As-Sunnah

10) Everything that you do either good or bad is loved by Allah because Allah allows it to happen. Which group holds this belief about al-qadar? a. c. Al-Mushrikiyyah Al-Majoosiyyah b. Al-Ibleesiyyah d. Ahl As-Sunnah 11) Parts of beliefs in Al-Qadar are connected to worshipping Allah". This opinion was given by a. c. Ibn Qayyim Ibn Taymiyyah b. Ibn Hazim d. Al-Hassan Al-Basri 12) Which one of the following is NOT one of the Principles of Al-Qadar a. c. The pillars of al-qadar Allahs will and wisdom b. The innovation of al-qadar d. Religion and predestination do not contradict 13) Hidayah At-Tawfeeq is for both the believers and disbelievers. This statement is a. True b. False

14) Belief in al-qadar as part of Tawheed Al-Asma was Sifaat, al-qadar is based on Allah willing, commanding and creating our actions. This statement is a. True b. False 44

CHAPTER VI

WHAT DOES BELIEF IN THE DAY OF JUDGMENT ENTAIL? THE HOUR THE SIGNS OF THE DAY OF JUDGMENT DEATH AND LIFE IN AL-BARZAKH THE RESURRECTION THE GREAT GATHERING THE JUDGMENT PARADISE AND HELLFIRE SEEING ALLAH (AR-RUYAH) IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES

45

Binder: Page 35

6.1 WHAT DOES BELIEF IN THE DAY OF JUDGMENT ENTAIL?

It is obligatory to believe in the Last Day: a person is not a believer without this pillar. And who believe in which has been sent down to you (Muhammad s.a.w.s.) and in [the Books] which were sent down before you and they believe with certainty in the Hereafter. [Q 2:4]

WHAT DOES BELIEF IN THE DAY JUDGMENT ENTAIL?

There will be another life after this one

There will be a Judgment Day

Recompense in AlJannah or An-Naar

EFFECTS OF BELIEF IN THE LAST DAY

DEMONSTRATE HIS ATTRIBUTES Demonstrates the completeness, greatness and uniqueness of Allahs Names and Attributes. PERSEVERANCE IN DOING GOOD Aids in patience and perseverance in doing good. LOVE MEETING ALLAH Increases the love for meeting Allah s.w.t. in the hearts of the believers, knowing that paradise is real. ABSTAIN FROM WRONG Aids in patience in abstaining from wrong or sinning. PATIENCE IN HARDSHIP Aids in patience during times of hardship. ASCETICISM TOWARDS DUNYA Establishes asceticism towards matter of this life. ESTABLISH FEAR NOW It establishes from Allah and His punishments to balance out hope. ENCOURAGE GOOD DEEDS Aids and encourage us in hastening towards good deeds.

SCHOLARS OF AQEEDAH INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING SUBTOPICS UNDER THIS SUBJECT

The End of Time (Apocalypse) and Its Signs Resurrection Death, the Soul, and Life in the Grave Paradise & Hellfire

The Day of Judgment 46

SOME NAMES OF THE LAST DAY

Yawm Al-Bath Yawm At-Tanaad As-Saakhah Yawm Al-Qiyamah Yawm Al-Fasl Al-Qaariah Yawm Ad-Deen Yawm Al-Jam Al-Waaqiah Yawm Al-Hisaab Yawm Al-Khulood Al-Haaqah Yawm An-Nushoor Yawm Al-Waeed Al-Aazifah Dar Al-Qaraar Yawm Al-Hasrah Yawm Al-Khurooj As-Saaah

At-Tamah Al-Kubra

There are many names for the Last Day to show that this day is so important. Explanation on the meaning of some of the names: Day of Great Gathering: You and your deed, jinn, angel, family will be gathered together. Day of Standing: Everybody will stand on his/her feet. Approximately one third of the Quran covers the details of the Hereafter, showing how important it is.

Binder: Page 36

6.2 THE HOUR

IT IS NEAR NO ONE KNOWS EXACTLY WHEN
Q 7:187 "...The knowledge thereof is with my Lord..." Q 21:1 "...Closer and closer to mankind comes their Reckoning..." Q 54:1 "... The Hour has drawn near..." Two fingers (next to each other [Hadith] Qurtubi: difference in length) between the time of Prophet s.a.w.s. and Judgment Day

IT FALLS ON FRIDAY
Friday: Adam was created, entered Paradise, and sent down to Earth; Judgment Day [Muslim]

Not even the angels know

47

Binder: Page 36-37

6.3 THE SIGNS OF THE DAY OF JUDGMENT

SOME OF THE MINOR SIGNS
Allah sent the Prophet s.a.w.s. Women wear cloth but still naked Bedouin building high-rise building Death of Prophet s.a.w.s. Truth is strange = holding hot coal People carried on chair to their destination Euphrates disappears; mountain of gold appear More wealth People compete to build masjid Slave give birth to master Arabian desert green More earthquakes Time past rapidly week = day, month = week, year = month Ibn Masud: Not time, but government becomes instable Baitul-Maqdis conquered More women than men (50:1) People go to masjid but do not pray Women dressed as men, vice versa Fire in Hijaz: people in Madinah see shadow of the minaret of Busra Homosexual widespread Unqualified person ruler Women hair like the camels Knowledge disappear death of ulama People greet only those they know Istanbul conquered by Muslims false Mesiah appears More killing Slave becomes king Music & wine widespread

Non-trustworthy person trusted by society

More shopping malls/markets Lies considered truth

48

THE MAJOR SIGNS

[Muslim, Abu Dawud, Tirmizi, Ibn Majah] THE EMERGENCE OF AD-DAJJAL (THE FALSE MESSIAH) 1 eyed man (2 eyes; 1 dried and dropping out of the socket) Appear between Syria & Iraq Great fitnah: claim to be THE God, raise the dead, bring water after drought, bring treasures out of earth Believers will recognize him: "kaf- fa-ra " written on his forehead Followers = innovators Stayed for 40 days: 1 day = 1 year / month / week / day Cannot enter Makkah, Madinah, Masjidul Aqsa, Masjidut Tur THE DESCENT OF ISA A.S. Descend from the white minaret, eastern Damascus Will kill Dajjal Take followers to Mount Tur (Sinai, Egypt) to avoid Yajooj & Majooj After Yajooj & Majooj die, people live in peace, according to shariah for 7 years Isa will pray behind Al-Mahdee Allah then send pleasant wind all believers die YAJOOJ & MAJOOJ Come out after Isas descent Drink from rivers until dry Spread mischief: no one dare to go out, even to Masjidun Nabi (dog pee, no one clean) Insects bite their neck die Birds will take away their bodies THREE LANDSLIDE: EAST, WEST, ARABIAN PENINSULA AD-DUKHAAN (THE SMOKE) Ibn Masud: already occurred (no, it will occur after Isa died) THE RISING OF THE SUN FROM THE WEST No more repentance accepted THE APPEARANCE OF THE BEAST Mark believers on forehead Mark disbelievers on nose THE GREAT FIRE (LAST STAGE) From Yemen Drive people to the gathering place (land of resurrection) 49

SOME SCHOLARS ADD THE APPEARANCE OF AL-MAHDEE: Abu Saeed Al-Khudree narrated that the Prophet s.a.w.s. said, And the Mahdee will come out at the end of my ummahs time. Allah will send a lot of rain with him, and the earth will bring out its plants, wealth will be passed out in abundance, and cattle will increase and the ummah will be great. He will live seven or eight years. [Al-Haakim] Alee r.a. narrates the Prophet s.a.w.s. said, The Mahdee is one of us, Ahl Al-Bayt. [Ahmad]

We believe in the narration of the signs even though we don't know HOW they will happen.

No rules in sharee'ah are conditional to the appearance of any sign

Rely completely on the authentic sources

Differentiate between direct textual evidence and the understanding of scholars

We shouldn't try to MAKE the signs occur

Not all the signs are condemnable actions

KEY POINTS IN UNDERSTANDING THE SIGNS OF THE HOUR

TheIr specific order

No one can restrict the meaning of a prediction/sign to a specific incident

Must understand these signs by their apparent meaning

"The signs will come one after the other, like beads falling from a string." [At-Tabarani]

The signs were told in order to inform us, not meant to be established as rulings

50

Binder: Page 38-40

6.4 DEATH AND LIFE IN AL-BARZAKH

DEATH = TRUTH
Often remember the destroyer of pleasures [Tirmizi] Al-Hassan Al-Basri: Death is most certain, but we treat it as something uncertain.

OPINIONS ON DEATH
ISLAM: Death occurs to the soul Does not mean absence of life Q 67:2 "...created death and life..." PHILOSOPHERS: Death annihilate soul and life No life after death

NO ONE SHOULD DESIRE DEATH

No one should desire death. [Bukhari & Muslim] Good doer: increase deeds

Wrong doer: repent

Exception: If there is opportunity for shaheed

DEATH = FIRST STATION OF THE HEREAFTER

Q 29:57 "Everyone shall taste the death. Then unto Us you shall be returned."

ONLY ALLAH KNOWS THE TIME OF DEATH

Q 3:145 "And no person can ever die except by Allahs leave and at an appointed term"

DEATH AND RESURRECTION

Whoever dies upon something, he will be resurrected upon it. [Al-Hakim]

51

AL-KHATIMAH (A PERSONS END)

HUSN AL-KHATIMAH (GOOD END) WHY?
Al-Istiqamah (steadfast) At-Taqwa innovations

vs

SOO AL-KHATIMAH (BAD END) WHY?

Corrupt belief, practicing

Husn Adh-dhan billah (good

expectation of Allah) As-Sidq (truthfullness) At-Tawbah (repentance) Remembering death, visiting cemeteries Avoiding reasons for bad end

Hypocrisy
Practicing and loving sins Love of dunya, expecting to live long Unlawful love and attachment Procrastination

HOW?

HOW?
Last word: La ilaha illa Allah Die upon good deed Friday (night/day) Sweat on forehead Shaheed: - Battle field - Delivery - Killed by wild beast

Refuse to say shahadah

Die upon sin Preparation of body/burial: Hard

One who performs actions of people of Paradise until arms length acts with actions of people of Hellfire at the end enters Hell (and vice versa). [Bukhari, Muslim] Good actions in front of people, but the heart is bad If heart & body are committed to Allah, will not die except in good. [Ibn Kathir, Al-Qurtubi] Whoever loves to meet Allah, Allah loves to meet him; and whoever dislikes to meet Allah, Allah dislikes to meet him. [Al-Bukhari]

- Guarding/protecting
family/life/country - Diseases - Collapsing building - At hand of tyrant - Calling to Sunnah - In Madinah

52

AL-QABR (THE GRAVE)

FITNAT AL-QABR Questioning of the Angels o Who is your Lord? o Who is your prophet? o What is your religion? Answer according to level of iman SOUL, BODY OR BOTH? Jumhur: Both (as long as body exist) Ibn Hazm: Soul Feeling of pleasure/pain World: Body

Q 14:27 Allah will establish in strength

those who believe, with the word that stands firm, in this world and in the Hereafter; but Allah will leave, to stray, those who do wrong: Allah does what He will. Will everyone be asked? Believers: Yes Non-believers: Yes Unaccountable (children, insane) - Majority: Abu Hassan, students of AshShafie, Sunni scholars: Yes, because we perform janazah - Ibn Aqif, some Hambali scholars: No, no point in doing so (janazah to ask Allah to make it easier, to because the will be asked) Exceptions - shuhada (iman proven) - those protecting community/border - prophets & Messengers

Grave: Soul > body

Akhirah: Soul = body

PRESSING OF GRAVE There is a pressing that occurs in the grave. [Musnad al-Imam Ahmad] Exceptions:

Shuhada
Prophets & Messengers

O Allah, I take refuge in You from the punishment of the grave, from the torment of the Fire, from the trial of life and death and from the evil affliction of Al-Maseeh Ad-Dajjal.

53

REWARDS AND PUNISHMENT IN THE GRAVE

Quran: not explicit Q 9:101 Punish them twice relegated to a painful doom From hadith: explicit most are mutawatirah (large number of narrations)

PUNISHMENTS
Tight (until ribs broke), dark grave See, smell, feel the Hellfire Bed of fire Why? Shirk, hypocrisy, innovations Urination (did not clean/cover awrah) Take usury/orphans money Zina, homosexual Gossiping, exposing others mistakes Suicide Ruling according to desire Spreading evil in Al-Haram Knows & memorize Quran, but does not read/practice Going to sleep without performing solah Breaking fast before time Torturing animal In debt What saves oneself from punishment? Tawheed Good deeds Suratul Mulk Die on a Friday Martyrdom Protecting country Does punishment continues until Judgment Day? Pharaoh is punished now until Judgment Day A man suffering until Judgment Day Ibn Qayyim: Punishment stop slightly before resurrection (from Q 36:52 ...who has raised us from our place of sleep?...) as a punishment itself (they think it has ended, but no, there is more)

some are not

REWARDS Wide, bright grave Comfortable sleep Accompanied by good actions (in form of good looking people) Glad tidings from family members (Mujahid, Ibn Abbas) See place in paradise

54

WHERE DO SOULS GO AFTER DEATH?

PROPHETS & MESSENGERS In company of Allah From hadith: Angel of death ask whether want to live forever or to be with Allah

BELIEVERS
[Ahmad, Malik] - turned into birds - sit on trees of Paradise Smell so good

MARTYRS
In presence of Allah Q 57:19 ...martyrs are with their Lord... [Muslim] - cast in green birds - roam the Jannah - nest (lamps) from gold, under Allahs throne

SINNERS
Punishment in grave - From hadith: Soul lingers above the body; if good hurry up and take me; if bad dont take me to the grave Smell so bad From hadith: Angels are not allowed to bring the souls up to heaven souls fall down to earth

Binder: Page 41-42

6.5 THE RESURRECTION

PROOFS FROM THE QURAN Direct: Q 64:7 ...you will be raised again... Observational: Q 30:50 ...how He gives life to the earth after its death... Affirming the completeness of Allahs power, knowledge, wisdom: Q 75:40 Has not He the power to give life to the dead? Resurrection includes body and soul THOSE WHO DENY IT COMPLETELY Pagan Arabs Greek philosophers Q 16:38 ...they swear...Allah will not raise up him who dies... THOSE WHO DENY RESURRECTION OF BODIES Majority of philosophers Jews: Most do not believe the resurrection of souls too (1 life only) Christians THOSE WHO BELIEVE OF SOUL REINCARNATION Buddhists: pure souls reach Nirvana Nusairees: pure souls merge with stars, impure souls return to another human Durzis: pure souls return as Durzis Some Jews: pure souls return as Jews 55

THE BLOWING OF AS-SOOR

What is As-Soor: o o Majority opinion: Trumpet Few other opinion: Bodies of the creation (Incorrect view, refuted by scholars) Blown by the angel Israfeel Number of blows: o o Majority opinion: blown 3 times Second opinion: blown 2 times

1. NAFKHAT AL-FAZA: THE BLOW OF TERROR Only disbelievers remain at this time (believers die when the wind comes) People are trading, preparing food, etc. sudden blow People become terrified, world collapse From hadith: Duration between 2 blows: 40
Student of Abu Hurayrah asked: 40 what? Abu Hurayrah answered: Didnt know, didnt ask (no purpose of knowing)

1st blow

2. NAFKHAT AL-SAQ: THE BLOW OF DEATH All creation die

3. NAFKHAT AL-QIYAM: THE BLOW OF RESURRECTION Heavy rain Human & jinn come out of grave like trees growing out of earth Resurrected in original state Fire direct everyone to the Land of Resurrection 2nd blow (for 2nd opinion)

56

Binder: Page 42

6.6 THE GREAT GATHERING

THE LAND OF GATHERING
WHERE?
New land Q 14:48 ...when earth will be changed to other... From hadith: Land where no sin committed/blood spilled Accommodate all people From hadith: Land will be stretch, leveled flat, with no marking, dusty colored As-Sham (Jerusalem) [Ahmad, Abi Umar]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PEOPLE

Resurrected naked [Bukhari] - Naked then clothed - [Abi Daud] Clothed one died in become naked First resurrected: Prophet s.a.w.s. First clothed: Ibrahim a.s. People gather in groups - Q 37:22 ... with their wives and what they worshipped... - Q 81:7 ...when the souls are reunited... The disbelievers - walk like sheep brought to place of slaughter - gathered on their faces; deaf, blind [Q 17:97] - [Bukhari, Muslim] Anas Ibn Malik asked of this: Prophet SAW said, He who is capable of people walk on feet, capable of walking them walk on face. - Ibn Masud: They walk upside down The arrogant Size = ants The wealthy beggar No flesh on their faces The transgressor Surrounded by darkness Steal from war booty Carry things on shoulder Betray the Muslim leader As fly Do not pay zakah Running, chased by snake Those who conceal knowledge Rope of fire tying mouth Hypocrite/two-faced Tongue on fire Performed wudhu Shiny faces, arms, legs [Ahmad] Call adhan Long neck [Sahih Muslim] Memorize Al-Baqarah & Ali Imran Two clouds/birds stretching wings above them Give charity shaded by thicker and bigger cloud

HOW?
Jabir reports that the Prophet (PBUH) said, Every slave (of Allah) shall be resurrected upon that which he died upon. [Muslim]

ARE ANIMALS RESURRECTED & GATHERED?

Q 6:38 ...they are nations like you...they will be gathered... But they will not be judged (unaccountable) disappear into dust Why gather? Ibn Abbas: To show Allah strengh and ability Q 42:29 ...He is able to gather them...

57

SEVEN PEOPLE IN THE SHADE OF ALLAH [Buhari & Muslim]

Just ruler Cry in the fear of Allah when sitting alone remembering Him Reject seduction by woman of high status and beauty for fear of Allah

MORE CATEGORIES? According to Imam Suyuti & Ibn Hajar: 92 people (e.g.: whoever helps a mujahid, honest businessman, good to parents, a

Loving each other for Allah's sake, meeting and parting for that sake.

Give charity without the left hand knowing - in secret - so much was given, can't keep track

Youth who grew up in worship of Allah

person who shows leniency towards a debtor or writes off his debt.)

Heart attached to masjid

INTERCESSION
INTERCESSION FROM ALLAH PROPHET S.A.W.S OTHER MESSENGERS MARTYRS CHILDREN WHO PASSED AWAY BELIEVERS TO ONE ANOTHER THE QURAN GOOD DEEDS ANGELS 58 Special Intercession of the Prophet s.a.w.s.

Start Judgment
Open the Gate of Jannah Intercession for non-believer (his uncle, Abu Talib) Intercession for those who live and die in Madinah Who deserves this? Abu Hurayrah: Those who believe in La ilaha illa Allah from the heart Other Types of Intercessions In hell bring out About to go to hell stop Raise level in Jannah

Binder: Page 44-47

6.8 THE JUDGMENT

FLOW OF THE HEREAFTER
THE STANDING [Muslim] Sun will be so close People perspire according to deeds - some perspiration cover ankles - some to his knees - some to their shoulders some choked (up to their mouth) How long? 500 000 years Q 22:47: 1 day with Allah = 1000 human days 500 000 years total for Judgment Day 1000 years standing 1000 years for believers, 500 000 years for nonbelievers Ibn Abbas: I dont know AL-HAWD (THE POOL) HELLFIRE THE JUDGMENT Everyone brought forth before Allah, individually Books given out - Good: right hand, from the front - Bad: left hand, from the back Asking & judgment for deeds: 1st is nation of Prophet s.a.w.s. - 2nd is nation of COMING OF ALLAH People see 8 angels carrying the throne of Allah; Allah above it Angels lining up Sahabah: Angel behind every human No one dare to say anything BRINGING OF HEAVEN/HELL Gathering Hell Paradise

Angels hold Hellfire

Ibn Masud: if not, the fire will attack the disbelievers

INTERCESSION TO START JUDGMENT People can no longer stand Scholars start asking prophets to ask Allah to start Judgment - Adam a.s.: Sinned in paradise - Nuh a.s.: Asked for destruction - Ibrahim a.s.: Lied - Musa a.s.: Killed someone - Isa a.s.: Not qualified, go ask Prophet s.a.w.s. Prophet s.a.w.s. wait & receive permission from Allah prostrate start mentioning His great names Allah tell Prophet s.a.w.s. to raise hand and make dua Judgment starts

Musas a.s. - 3 times: deeds shown and reminded twice, then judgement passed Witnessed by - body parts - the earth (ground) - Prophets and messengers 59

AL-QANTARAH

AS-SIRAAT

JANNAH

THE QUESTIONING
FIRST QUESTION: OBLIGATORY SOLAH Not OK VOLUNTARY SOLAH Not OK OK NEXT QUESTION OK

PUNISH IN HELLFIRE

Purified

OTHER QUESTIONS Life Youth Wealth (source & spending) Health

QUESTIONING THE MUMIN Brought close to Allah (so that no one else will hear) Confess to sins, request His mercy Allah will cover his mistake in akhirah like

He covered them in dunya Allah will replace sins with rewards

60

THE BALANCE: WEIGHING DEEDS

AL-MEEZAN (THE BALANCE) the weighing on that day will be the true (weighing)... [Q 7:8] THE BALANCE Believed by Ahl As-Sunnah Denied by Innovators

WISDOMS OF THE BALANCE

Shows Allahs
Justice Knowledge Mercy No excuse about the final judgment

o Mutazilah
o Khawarij o Jahmiyyah They say: Al-Meezan not mentioned in Quran But it is mentioned in hadiths & agreed by scholars

WHAT WILL BE WEIGHTED?

DEEDS/RECORDS Heaviest: Taqwallah Husnul khuluq La ilaha illa Allah: heavier than bad deeds piling so high that the top

PEOPLE From hadith: fat guy weight no more than a flys wing. From hadith: Ibn Masud skinny leg weight more than Mount Uhud. ABOUT THE NON-MUSLIMS DEEDS Ibn Taymiyyah: No. Their deeds do not have weigh - Q 18:105 ...their works are vain... Q 25:23 ...make it scattered motes... Majority (stronger opinion)

cannot be seen
Alhamdulillah: fill up Meezan Subhanallah wabihamdih, Subhanallah al-Azeem HOW MANY SCALES? Majority: 1 for all nations Hassan Al-Basri: 1 for each nation no proof DOES IT SPEAK? Opinion of Ibn Abbas no hadith

Yes, but as if there is nothing (too

light) - Q 23:103 ...whose scales are light...

61

AL-HAWD (THE POOL)

WHAT IS AL-HAWD?
A pool that is granted to Prophet s.a.w.s. as an honor to quench the thirst of his nation: Believed by Ahl As-Sunnah Denied by Innovators (Khawarij, Mutazilah)

DOES EVERY PROPHET HAS ONE?

Al-Hawd is only for Prophets s.a.w.s. nation - from Al-Kauthar Other prophets may have their own pool - weak narrations - the clearest: I will be at my pool [Muslim] Sallehs a.s. nation will have their she-camel [Bukhari]

BEFORE OR AFTER AS-SIRAAT?

Opinion 1: After Siraat - From hadith: whoever drinks will never be thirsty How can the people of Hell drink from Al-Hawd? Must be after Siraat Opinion 2: Before Siraat, after judgment - From hadith: Agels prevent some from approaching Al-Hawd there are still bad people around; no bad people after Siraat

- Scholars If people of Hell drink it will not be thirsty even in hell CHARACTERISTICS OF AL-HAWD From the Prophets river, Al-Kauthar As wide as Aylah Sanaa, Makkah Aylah, Makkah Syria, Makkah Yemen [Bukhari, Muslim] Scholars opinion: Not actual distance, relative (depend on who the Prophet s.a.w.s. was talking to) Jugs as many as stars [Bukhari, Muslim] Square, one side = distance of 1 month travel [Ahmad] Smells better than musk [Ahmad] Whiter than milk [Ahmad] Clear, cold, sweet Whoever comes will drink [Bukhari, Muslim]
62

Except for the ones prevented by angels hypocrites & innovators: turned away after Prophets s.a.w.s. death [Ahmad]

Whoever drinks will never be thirsty [Bukhari, Muslim] Prophet s.a.w.s. will precede his nation [Bukhari, Muslim] Prophets s.a.w.s. mimbar will be at Al-Hawd [Bukhari]

AS-SIRAAT
AFTER DRINKING FROM AL-HAWD...
Clearing of People of Hellfire Paradise and Hellfire are covered by fog A call: Follow what you Meeting with Allah Allah (not recognized by the people) comes and asks what they are waiting for People: We are waiting for Allah. Allah: I am Allah. People: No, Allah has (such and such) signs. Allah shows the sign Everyone prostrates, except the hypocrites Characteristics Dark (Hellfire: no light) Slippery Sharp as blade (Ibn Masud) How do people go? fast as light fast as wind run walk crawl HOW TO SEE THROUGH THE DARKNESS OF AS-SIRAAT? Believers given light according to level of iman Hypocrites try to follow the believers (Q 57:13) fall, then climb back fall into the Hellfire the first to cross is from prophets s.a.w.s. nation. Crossing of As-Siraat What is As-Siraat? Linguistic Clear, straight path

worshipped
Disbelievers follow their idols (if worshipping righteous human, follow a figure like him) to a foggy area Fog clears up 7 gates of Hellfire open Disbelievers thrown in The safe groups:
o Believers o Hypocrites o Insane people o Those without prophet

Technical
The bridge over Hellfire Muslims have to pass to enter Jannah

told to go back and seek for light for themselves

a wall will then separate them hypocrites will fall into the Hellfire (last to enter, but will be at the bottom) 63

AS-QANTARAH
WHAT IS AL-QANTARAH?
Small arched bridge After As-Siraat, before Paradise [Bukhari]

WHAT WILL HAPPEN AT AL-QANTARAH?

Retribution for injustices between the people Once purified, permitted to enter Jannah [Bukhari]

WHO IS THE MUFLIS? [Muslim]

He has mountains of good deed But he had wronged people o abusive talks o slander o taking wealth o shedding blood o beating His good deeds will be transferred to them No good deed left their bad deeds will be transferred to him
He will be thrown into Hellfire

WHAT WILL FORGIVERS GET? [Al-Hakeem]

A man complains to Allah - so and so had transgressed him - wants his good deeds Allah shows him a great place in Jannah - so great, the man thinks it belongs to a prophet/siddiq/ martyr Allah says: It belongs to you if you forgive the person he complains about The man forgive him Prophet s.a.w.s. said: o Have taqwa of Allah o Reconcile among yourselves o Allah will reconcile between the believers

64

AL-ARAAF
...on Al-Araaf will be men who would recognize all by their marks... [Q 7:46]

DEFINITION
Linguistic definition: Something high, like a wall Technical definition: Different opinions:

o o o o

A high place where one can see Paradise and Hellfire A wall between them Ibn Abbas: A mountain between them The Bridge (As-Siraat) THE PEOPLE OF AL-ARAAF

Different opinions: Ibn Kathir: Good and bad are equal Those without a prophet/messengers Ibn Tabari: Those who died as martyrs, but disobeyed parents before going to the battlefield They will be forgiven and enter Paradise.

65

Binder: Page 48

6.9 PARADISE AND HELLFIRE

HELLFIRE
No one will enter the Hellfire but by Allahs justice.

HOW LONG WILL HELLFIRE LAST?

OPINION 1: TEMPORARY Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Qayyim: Allah will take out the People of Tawheed The rest stay for a while and then vanish. From the Quran Q 6:128 ...forever, except as Allah will... Q 11:107 ...for all the time that the heavens and the earth endure, except as your Lord will... Q 78:23 ...for ages... From the Quran Q 2:167 ...they will not emerge from the fire... Q 43:75 ...it is not relaxed for them... Q 78:30 ...no increase do We give you except torment... Q 35:36 Punishment will not lead to death. Why? Disbelievers do not disbelieve forever; punishment will stop based on Allahs justice and when His mercy overtakes His anger Opinion of Ibn Masud and a few Sahabahs Counter-argument Allahs mercy for them only in the Dunya; as for Allahs justice, they will still disbelieve even if they were allowed back. [Q 32:12-13] No authentic narrations; most say it is eternal Majority OPINION 2: ETERNAL

Evidences by the provided by the second group do not contradict with the first groups opinion: Punishment will only exist as long as Hellfire exist

66

PARADISE
No one will enter the Paradise but by Allahs mercy and grace. As wide as the heavens and the earth [Q 3:133] Last forever Q 11:108 ...a gift without an end... Prepared since the beginning of time: - making it extra special - Jannatul Adn: Allah plant each tree Himself [Al-Hakeem] Has 100 levels, the distance between two levels is 100 years [Tirmizi] - raise 1 level for each step in learning Islam/ memorizing Quran Allah describes things in Paradise according to our understanding, but they are different than the ones in this world - e.g. Khamr in Paradise will not cause intoxication GATES OF PARADISE There are 8 gates [Bukhari] Some examples: - Gate of Prayer [Bukhari] - Gate of Jihad [Bukhari] - Gate of Fasting: Ar-Rayyan [Bukhari] - The Middle Gate: Parents [Abu Dawuud] Each gate as wide as distance between East and West The gates will be only opened with intercession by Prophet s.a.w.s. Believers will be called from any of the gates or multiple gates Abu Bakr r.a. asked: Will anyone be called from all those gates? Prophet s.a.w.s. replied: Yes. [Bukhari]

67

Binder: Page 49

6.10 SEEING ALLAH (AR-RUYAH)

...looking at their Lord... Q 75:23

...You will see Him on the Day of Resurrection like that (i.e. sky on a clear day, moon on a clear night). [Bukhari, Muslim]

WHEN WILL ALLAH S.W.T. REVEALS HIMSELF?

During Judgment: - what He allowed to see - as a support to the believers - to terrify the disbelievers In Paradise: - the best reward: seeing His face

- Allah will then remove the Veil and they will feel that they have not been awarded
anything dearer to them than looking at their Lord [Muslim]

WILL THE NON-MUSLIMS BE ABLE TO SEE ALLAH?

Different opinions: Majority: None of the non-muslims will be able to see Allah Ibn Khuzaimah/ Abee Yala: All Muslims and hypocrites (pretended to be Muwahhideen) will be able to see

Abu Al-Hasan ibn Saalim, Abu Sahl At-Tasturee, Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Qayyim: The kuffar
will be able to see Allag, but not as a form of a reward

WILL WOMEN BE ABLE TO SEE ALLAH?

Al-Mutazilah, Al-Jahmiyyah, Ar-Rafidah, Al-Khawarij: No, they will not Al-Ashairah: They will, but He will not be in any direction due to their denial of Allah being above the creation o The word Jihah (location/ direction) is not in Quran or Sunnah; but evidences only mention Allah is ABOVE His creation

CAN ALLAH BE SEEN IN DREAMS?

Some scholars say they saw Allah in their dream, but not in a physical form If it is a physical being: not Allah

68

Binder: Page 50

6.11 IMPORTANT PRINSIPLES

IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES IN UNDERSTANDING TEXTS RELATED TO THE UNSEEN
All the things that are mentioned will be in the Hereafter, Jannah or Hellfire only share the NAME with their counterparts in Dunya. They should not be imagined as the same.

It is difficult to understand some things related to the Unseen because the world of the Unseen is different than this world. We always see matters of the unseen mentioned alongside faith.

We must combined between all evidences.

We must take texts by their apparent meaning. Doing otherwise will lead to the denial of their existence.

Importance of going back to the explanation of the Sahabah.

One cannot insist on a particular ORDER to the specific events of the Last Day.

Dwelling on the intricate details of these texts destroys its effect.

69

QUIZ: CHAPTER VI
1) Which of the following is NOT a Major Sign of the Day of Judgment? a. c. Ad-Dukhan (The Smoke) The slave woman will give birth to her master b. The Appearance of the Beast (ad-Dabba) d. The Rising of the sun from the west 2) The Dajjal will be able to enter this place: I. Makkah II. Madinah III. Masjid al-Aqsa IV. Masjid at-Tur (Sinai) a. c. I & II I, II & IV b. I, II & III d. All of the above 3) What do the majority of scholars say about the place of the souls after death? a. c. The soul will die and never return. The soul is eternal and does not die. b. The soul floats above the grave. d. The soul goes straight to paradise or hellfire. 4) Which group of people COMPLETELY denies that Resurrection will occur? a. c. Pagan Arabs Buddhists b. Jews d. Christians 5) What is the linguistic definition of as-Sirat? a. c. The bridge placed over the Hellfire. The clear, straight path. b. The bridge which Muslims will pass to enter Jannah. d. A sharp sword with 70,000 hooks and thorns on it. 6) Which group(s) hold the opinion that seeing Allah s.w.t. is not possible? a. c. Al-Mutazilah Al-Khawaarij b. Ar-Rafidah d. All of the above

70