Mexico Minimum Wage

Minimum Wage Report
Mexico
www.misalario.org
Minimum Wage In Mexico
Unlike other countries, where minimum wage is weekly or monthly, in Mexico the figure is daily and is established annually by the National Minimum Wage Commission, which consists of representatives of workers, employers and government.
From January 1st until December 31st 2011, the current general minimum wage are: Zone A $ 59.82 Zone B $ 58.13 Zone C $ 56.70.
In Mexico there are two types of minimum wages: general minimum wage and professional minimum wage. According to Article 123 of National Constitution, the General Minimum Wage should be sufficient to meet the normal requirements of a householder in the material, social and cultural development and to provide compulsory education for children.
According to Article 570 of the Federal Labour Act, Professional Minimum Wages apply for particular branches of economic activity, occupations, trades or special work and should be fixed considering the conditions of the various economic activities.
Unfortunately, the minimum wage has become a figure that doesn't represent the reality of Mexican workers; that is why we launched the questionnaire in MiSalario.org, to know what the real wages of Mexican people and get a reliable comparison, made from real people and real wages.
Authorship of Minimum Wage Database with WageIndicator Foundation, Amsterdam; Amsterdam University of Advanced Labour Studies; Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad. Supported by www.paycheck.in & www.misalario.org
Minimum Wage Rate

General Minimum Wage for the year 2011
Geographical Area
Geographical area A Geographical area B Geographical area C
Daily Mexican pesos

$59.82 $58.13 $56.70
Professional Minimum Wage (with effect from January 1, 2011) Office No. Professions, Occupations & Special Works Daily Mexican Pesos for Geographical Area (A/B/C) A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Masonry Officer Pharmacies salesclerk and drugstores, 87.17 75.86 91.83 77.33 82.31 79.13 and 85.57 B 84.92 73.84 89.21 75.43 80.25 76.98 83.21 C 82.63 71.97 86.89 73.52 77.95 74.98 80.98
Bulldozer and / or traxcavo, operator Cashier of cash register Typesetter, official Bartender Carpenter manufacture repair of furniture, official
Chef, major in restaurants, taverns and other establishments preparing and selling food Mattresses, officer in making and repairing Placement of mosaics and tiles, official
88.45
86.15
83.74
9 10
80.01 85.2
77.94 83.06
76 80.78
Professional Minimum Wage (with effect from January 1, 2011) Office No. Professions, Occupations & Special Works Daily Mexican Pesos for Geographical Area (A/B/C) A 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Construction of buildings and houses, plasterer Cutter in workshops and factories manufacturing shoes, official Sewing in garment factories or workshops Sewing in making clothes at home Chauffeur Car parking attendant, valet parking Truck driver in general Cargo van driver in general Operator of Vehicles with crane Dredge, operator Cabinetmaker in making repairing furniture, official and 80.65 78.28 77.2 79.5 81.28 89.2 86.39 82.69 92.78 86.97 B 78.71 76.34 74.98 77.48 79.1 86.91 84.09 80.7 90.44 84.66 C 76.47 74.34 73.32 75.31 76.91 84.64 81.74 78.46 87.86 82.32
21
Electrician installer and repairer of electrical installations, official Electrician in the repair of cars and trucks, official Repairing electrical motors and / or generators in service workshops, official Employee gondola, shelf section in supermarkets Warehouse manager Nursing, Practical help or
85.2
83.06
80.78
22
86.14
83.84
81.49
23
82.69
80.7
78.46
24 25 26
75.61 78.68 81.28
73.64 76.59 79.1
71.32 74.59 76.91
Professional Minimum Wage (with effect from January 1, 2011) Office No. Professions, Occupations & Special Works Daily Mexican Pesos for Geographical Area (A/B/C) A 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Hardware and ironmongery stores, salesclerk Stoker boilers Gas station, officer Blacksmithing Officer Tinsmith in repairing cars and trucks, official Homer metals smelter, official Silversmith-jeweller officer Silversmith-jeweller work, official Linotypist official Lubricator of cars, trucks and other motor vehicles Private primary school teacher Poultry farm manager Agricultural machinery operator Wo o d w o r k i n g m a c h i n e s general, official operator in at home 80.45 83.33 77.2 83.97 85.57 87.67 81.28 84.67 90.38 77.9 92.14 74.65 87.67 83.33 B 78.13 81.08 74.98 81.78 83.21 85.51 79.1 82.62 88.19 75.84 89.8 72.8 85.51 81.08 C 76.15 78.85 73.32 79.48 80.98 83.23 76.91 80.33 85.87 73.68 87.23 70.86 83.23 78.85
41 42 43 44
Mechanical repair of automobiles and trucks, official Mechanical turner, official Metal casting mould-maker Editor in shoe factories, official shops and
90.38 84.67 82.69 78.28
88.19 82.62 80.7 76.34
85.87 80.33 78.46 74.34
Professional Minimum Wage (with effect from January 1, 2011) Office No. Professions, Occupations & Special Works Daily Mexican Pesos for Geographical Area (A/B/C) A 45 46 47 48 49 Nickel and chrome plated items and pieces of metal, official Hair stylist and manicurist Air pistol driller Dyer of cars and trucks, official Dyer of houses, buildings and constructions in general, official Ironing in dry cleaning, laundry and similar establishments Plumber official in health facilities, 82.31 81.28 86.14 83.97 83.33 B 80.25 79.1 83.84 81.78 81.08 C 77.95 76.91 81.49 79.48 78.85
50
77.33
75.43
73.52
51 52 53 54
83.51 87.17 81.28 86.97
81.47 84.92 79.1 84.66
79.17 82.63 76.91 82.32
Multicolour offset press, operator Printing machine, official Radio technician repairing electrical and electronic, official Maid in hotels, motels and other lodging establishments Stores of auto and truck parts, salesclerk Repair of electrical household appliances, official Reporter in printed newspapers Graphic reporter newspapers in printed
55
75.61
73.64
71.32
56
78.68
76.59
74.59
57 58 59 60
82.31 179.2 179.2 87.17
80.25 174.67 174.67 84.92
77.95 169.6 169.6 82.63
Baker or pastry cooker
Professional Minimum Wage (with effect from January 1, 2011) Office No. Professions, Occupations & Special Works Daily Mexican Pesos for Geographical Area (A/B/C) A 61 62 63 64 Tailoring in home work, official Secretary auxiliary Welder with torch or electric arc Saddler in the manufacture and repair of leather goods, official Butcher salesclerk Auto upholsterer or car clothes officer Upholstery furniture repair shop, Officer Social work, technical Vaquero machine milkier Watchman Salesclerk appliances Cobbler in shoe repair shops, official of household and / or butcher 87.67 90.2 86.14 81.28 B 85.51 87.67 83.84 79.1 C 83.23 85.51 81.49 76.91
65
81.28
79.1
76.91
66
82.69
80.7
78.46
67 68 69 70
82.69 98.6 75.61 77.2
80.7 95.88 73.64 74.98
78.46 93.39 71.32 73.32
71
79.5
77.48
75.31
72
78.28
76.34
74.34
Minimum Wage Legislation

Frequently Asked Questions
Is there a separate legislation relating to minimum wages in Mexico? As Per Law: There is no separate legislation on minimum wages in Mexico. However, in the Political Constitution of Mexico, Article 123 Section VI has provision for legal general minimum wages. It is mainly the Federal Labour Law that regulates legal minimum wages in Mexico. Articles 90-97 of the Labour Law explain the major provisions on minimum wages.
In Practise: Mexico's minimum wage is 59.82 pesos per day, equivalent to 4.7 dollars, which is insufficient to meet the needs of a family as established by the Constitution of Mexico. Constitution in Mexico, states that the National Minimum Wage Commission, composed of employers, workers and government, are responsible for setting the minimum wage every year. But despite this scheme minimum wage has lost 80 percent of its purchase power since 1982.
Do one or more minimum wages exist that is/are determined by law?
As Per Law: Mexico has more than one minimum wage rates. The Mexican government determines legal minimum wage rates for different regions and professions. In Practise : National Minimum Wage Commission fixes 72 professional minimum wage rates. But professional minimum wages are also very low and their purchasing power has also been reduced. The fall is in various proportions, but around 60 percent in its best.

3 At what level are minimum wages determined?
As Per Law: Mexican Law, as per Article 123 of the Political Constitution of Mexico and Article 91 and 93 of the Federal Labour Law implies that general minimum wages shall be applied to all professions and special work in different economic activities, occupations, or geographical areas.
In Practise: At regional level, the general minimum wages set by economic area are as following, area "A " of 59.82 pesos per day for the area "B" 58.13 and Zone "C" 56.70. At sectoral level wages are set through wage negotiations. Professional salaries are applied nationally in the same 3 geographical zones, the lowest amount per day is 79.13 pesos and the highest of 179 pesos a day. There are contractual wages, wages that are agreed between the unions with employers, with reference to the legal minimum wages. Contractual wages are higher and differ from one sector of the economy to another, depending not only on the importance of business but also on the strength of association to agree to pay a little higher, anyway they are restricted by minimum wage.
On what basis is minimum wage calculated? As Per Law: According to the Federal Labour Law Article 83, the salary may be fixed per unit time, per unit of work, commission, lump sum or otherwise. However, legal minimum wages in Mexico are declared on daily basis. (refer to Media Bulletin Dt. 18 Dec 2010) In Practise: In the workplace many Mexican workers work more than 8 hours a day and the pay is below the minimum wage and they are also not rewarded with overtime pay. The weekly payment is common in construction and in some peasant's cases. So, daily minimum wage is there used to calculate weekly payment. Mexican workers with social security and job security have a fortnightly payment scheme, they are employees of banks, insurance, education, government, health, among others. In such cases daily minimum wage is used to calculate fortnight payment.

In case of weekly/monthly minimum age, are they based on any fixed number of hours?
As Per Law: Working federal law under Article 90 says that the minimum wage is the lowest amount to be paid in cash for services rendered in a working day and Article 61 defines the maximum duration of the day is: eight hours the day, seven the night and seven thirty when mixed. Also as per article 85 of the Labour Law, salary paid to a worker (not less than minimum wage) should be based on a normal work day of 8 hrs or 7.5 night hrs.
In Practise: Collective Contract workers have defined a working day of 8 hours a day, fortnightly payment and are expressed as monthly salary.
Are
governmental
bodies,
employer
and/or
trade
union
representatives involved in minimum wages setting?
As Per Law:
The third paragraph of section VI of Article 123 of the
Constitution of Mexico and Article 94 of the Federal Labour Law, states that "Minimum wages are fixed by a National Commission composed of representatives of workers, employers and government." Also as per Article 94 of the Federal Labor Law the National Commission for fixing minimum wages, may draw the special advisory committees as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions. Employer organisation namely COPARMEX and Trade Union namely CTM and CROC are also involved in setting wages
In
Practise
Commission
includes
representatives
of
the
federal
government. The employers' representation corresponds to the Mexican business associations. Unfortunately, the representation of workers, lies in official trade unions and these official union representatives ignore the views of independent unions in Mexico

How are upratings (adjustments) of minimum wages decided upon?
As Per Law: Section VI of Article 123 of the Constitution states that "Minimum wages are fixed by a national commission composed of representatives of workers, employers and government." and shall assist salary surveys. Federal Labour Law, under Title III, chapter VI specifies the complete procedure involved in revision of minimum wages.
In Practise The National Commission on Minimum Wages defines the minimum and professional wages, but it happens that this committee only makes official what the government defines with the representation of employers and official unions validates this decision. Is a commission that does not deny and only serves to validate poverty wages in Mexico?
Which are the components of minimum wage in Mexico?
As Per Law: Legal minimum wage, as declared by the Mexican government is a single rate fixed component.
In Practise:
The minimum wage is a single rate component and its
calculation does not consider payments for productivity or some other concept to increase it. How frequently is the fixed component of minimum wages updated? As Per Law: Federal Labour Law does not clearly define any specific
interval for revision of minimum wage rates. As per article 570 of the Federal labour Law, minimum wages should be set each year but may be reviewed ant time depending in the economic circumstances. In Practise: Since 1976 the minimum wage is set each year, but since
they can be revised and modified at any time provided that the economic situation warrants, we have had 47 minimum wages after that date.
10

How are upratings (adjustments) of minimum wages decided upon?
As Per Law: Section VI of Article 123 of the Constitution states that "Minimum wages are fixed by a national commission composed of representatives of workers, employers and government." and shall assist salary surveys. Federal Labour Law, under Title III, chapter VI specifies the complete procedure involved in revision of minimum wages.
In Practise The National Commission on Minimum Wages defines the minimum and professional wages, but it happens that this committee only makes official what the government defines with the representation of employers and official unions validates this decision. Is a commission that does not deny and only serves to validate poverty wages in Mexico?
Which are the components of minimum wage in Mexico?
As Per Law: Legal minimum wage, as declared by the Mexican government is a single rate fixed component.
In Practise:
The minimum wage is a single rate component and its
calculation does not consider payments for productivity or some other concept to increase it. How frequently is the fixed component of minimum wages updated? As Per Law: Federal Labour Law does not clearly define any specific
interval for revision of minimum wage rates. As per article 570 of the Federal labour Law, minimum wages should be set each year but may be reviewed ant time depending in the economic circumstances. In Practise: Since 1976 the minimum wage is set each year, but since
they can be revised and modified at any time provided that the economic situation warrants, we have had 47 minimum wages after that date.
11

What is/are the yardstick/s on which minimum wage upratings are based?
10
As Per Law:
According to the Political Constitution of Mexico article 123;
and article 90 of the Federal Labour Code, the minimum wage must be sufficient to meet the normal requirements of a householder in the material, social and cultural development and to provide basic education to children. As per article 561(III) and 562, minimum wage rate also depends upon changes in cost of living per family and labour market conditions and payment structure.
In Practise:
Even after considering the General Conditions of the
Economy, Trade, Energy Policy, Global Financial Crisis, International Economy, Outlook for 2010, Employment, Wages, Labor Negotiations; Evolution of Prices for determining the minimum wage, it is not logical why there have been increases below inflation.
11
What is the national poverty line? (In national currency)
As Per Law:
The National Council of Evaluation of Social Development 4.481 pesos in urban areas and
Policy (CONEVAL) provides a total current income per capita (ICTPC) of 4.026 pesos as a national average, 2.427 pesos in rural areas
In Practise:
Poor are those considered vulnerable by social
deprivation, i.e., those with an income above the welfare line but with at least one social deprivation, have income within the parameters outlined in the previous column. The CONEVAL has established several categories to measure poverty but different researchers consider that 70 percent of the population suffers from some form of poverty in Mexico. The data presented are for 2008 and were published in 2010.
12

What is/are the yardstick/s on which minimum wage upratings are based?
10
As Per Law:
According to the Political Constitution of Mexico article 123;
and article 90 of the Federal Labour Code, the minimum wage must be sufficient to meet the normal requirements of a householder in the material, social and cultural development and to provide basic education to children. As per article 561(III) and 562, minimum wage rate also depends upon changes in cost of living per family and labour market conditions and payment structure.
In Practise:
Even after considering the General Conditions of the
Economy, Trade, Energy Policy, Global Financial Crisis, International Economy, Outlook for 2010, Employment, Wages, Labor Negotiations; Evolution of Prices for determining the minimum wage, it is not logical why there have been increases below inflation.
11
What is the national poverty line? (In national currency)
As Per Law:
The National Council of Evaluation of Social Development 4.481 pesos in urban areas and
Policy (CONEVAL) provides a total current income per capita (ICTPC) of 4.026 pesos as a national average, 2.427 pesos in rural areas
In Practise:
Poor are those considered vulnerable by social
deprivation, i.e., those with an income above the welfare line but with at least one social deprivation, have income within the parameters outlined in the previous column. The CONEVAL has established several categories to measure poverty but different researchers consider that 70 percent of the population suffers from some form of poverty in Mexico. The data presented are for 2008 and were published in 2010.
13

12
How often is poverty line updated? As Per Law: By law the National Evaluation of Social Development Policy (CONEVAL) is a public agency of the Federal Civil Service, with administrative and technical capacity to generate objective information on the status of social policy and poverty measurement in Mexico In Practise: 2 years ago created the Coneval and in previous years had not reported the measurement of poverty and data have been published irregularly, but from this year's report it will be periodically What is the percentage of minimum wage relative to the current poverty line?
13
As Per Law: 2.25 times minimum wage is the poverty line (225%) What is the incidence of minimum wages(s) in the national labour force (wage earners only)?
14
As Per Law: In Mexico, according to official data from the National Employment Survey 2010, more than 16 million Mexican workers receive between 1 to 2 minimum wage and 3 million workers are not paid for their work.
15
How is minimum wage compliance regulated? As Per Law: As per Title eleven, chapter X to XIII, of the Federal Labour Law, it is the duty of the Labour Inspector to monitor the compliance with labour standards. According to the Federal Labour Act it is the prerogative of the Ministry of Labour and Federal and local Boards of Conciliation and Arbitration, who have to protect the labor law enforcement. In Practise: In reality, many Mexican workers are not paid even a minimum wage for their work. The law is violated in Mexican companies.
14

16
Which legal sanctions can be applied in compliance is lacking? As Per Law: Article 1004 of the Labour Law states provision for fines and imprisonment in case of violation of wage rates, depending upon the amount of omission.
17
Are sanctions often being applied? In Practise: Very few cases are sanctioned because many workers prefer not to report, the government lacks the capacity to visit and check all companies and it is very common to reach agreement among those involved when there is any complain. Are employer and/or trade union representatives involved in compliance procedures? As Per Law: The conciliation and arbitration boards are responsible for assisting the negotiation between workers and employers when there is any disagreement.
18
19
To whom/Where can individuals complain, if they think they are earning less than minimum wage?
As Per Law: According to article 540 (II) of the Federal Labour Law, it is the duty of labour inspector to inform the authorities about the violations of labour standards. According to the federal labour law it is the duty of Federal Board of Conciliation and Arbitration or Local Boards or Special Boards or Federal Labour Defence to resolve labour disputes. Besides there also exist a Joint National Committee for the protection of minimum wages, whose responsible for monitoring and proper enforcement of regulations and programs that protect the wages. There also exist Federal Labor Defense (PROFEDET) which is a decentralized body of the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare (STPS), which has the mission to advise and, if necessary, represent you free of charge at trial, and proposing solutions to workers and employers through conciliation.
15
Salarios Mnimos En Mxico
A diferencia de otros pases, en que el salario mnimo es semanal o mensual, en Mxico la cifra es diaria y se establece anualmente por la Comisin Nacional de Salarios Mnimos, que est integrada por representantes de los trabajadores, de los patrones y del gobierno.
A partir del 1 de enero y hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2011, los salarios mnimos generales vigentes son: Zona A $59.82 Zona B $58.13 Zona C $56.70.
En Mxico existen dos tipos de salarios mnimos: salario mnimo general y salario mnimo profesional. Segn la Constitucin Poltica, en su artculo 123, el Salario Mnimo General deber ser suficiente para satisfacer las necesidades normales de un jefe de familia en el orden material, social y cultural, y para proveer a la educacin obligatoria de los hijos.
Segn el Artculo 570 de la Ley Federal del Trabajo, los Salarios Mnimos Profesionales aplican en ramas determinadas de la actividad econmica, profesiones, oficios o trabajos especiales y deben fijarse considerando las condiciones de las distintas actividades econmicas.
Desafortunadamente, hace ya mucho tiempo que el Salario Mnimo se ha convertido en una cifra que no representa la realidad de los trabajadores mexicanos, es por ello que en MiSalario.org lanzamos el Cuestionario salarial, para saber cules son los verdaderos salarios de los mexicanos y tener un Comparador Salarial confiable, hecho a partir de gente real y salarios reales.
16
Niveles De Salario Mnimo En Mxico

Salario Mnimo General 2011 Area geogrfica Area geogrfica A Area geogrfica B Area geogrfica C Pesos diarios $59.82 $58.13 $56.70
SALARIOS MINIMOS PROFESIONALES QUE ESTARAN VIGENTES A PARTIR DEL 1 DE ENERO DEL AO 2011 OFICIO No. PROFESIONES, OFICIOS Y TRABAJOS ESPECIALES Pesos diarios Areas Geogrficas A 1 2 Albailera, oficial de Boticas, farmacias y drogueras, dependiente de mostrador en Buldozer y/o traxcavo, operador de Cajero(a) de mquina registradora Cajista de imprenta, oficial Cantinero preparador de bebidas Carpintero en fabricacin y reparacin de muebles, oficial Cocinero(a), mayor(a) en restaurantes, 8 fondas y dems establecimientos de preparacin y venta de alimentos 88.45 86.15 83.74 87.17 75.86 B 84.92 73.84 C 82.63 71.97
3 4 5 6
91.83 77.33 82.31 79.13
89.21 75.43 80.25 76.98
86.89 73.52 77.95 74.98
85.57
83.21
80.98
17
SALARIOS MINIMOS PROFESIONALES QUE ESTARAN VIGENTES A PARTIR DEL 1 DE ENERO DEL AO 2011 OFICIO No. PROFESIONES, OFICIOS Y TRABAJOS ESPECIALES
Pesos diarios
Areas Geogrficas A Colchones, oficial en fabricacin y reparacin de Colocador de mosaicos y azulejos, oficial Construccin de edificios y casas habitacin, yesero en Cortador en talleres y fbricas de manufactura de calzado, oficial Costurero(a) en confeccin de ropa en talleres o fbricas Costurero(a) en confeccin de ropa en trabajo a domicilio Chofer acomodador de automviles en estacionamientos Chofer de camin de carga en general Chofer de camioneta de carga en general Chofer operador de vehculos con gra Draga, operador de Ebanista en fabricacin y reparacin de muebles, oficial B C
80.01
77.94
76
10
85.2
83.06
80.78
11
80.65
78.71
76.47
12
78.28
76.34
74.34
13
77.2
74.98
73.32
14
79.5
77.48
75.31
15
81.28
79.1
76.91
16 17 18 19
89.2 86.39 82.69 92.78
86.91 84.09 80.7 90.44
84.64 81.74 78.46 87.86
20
86.97
84.66
82.32
18
Pesos diarios
Areas Geogrficas A 21 Electricista instalador y reparador de instalaciones elctricas, oficial Electricista en la reparacin de automviles y camiones, oficial Electricista reparador de motores y/o 23 generadores en talleres de servicio, oficial 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Empleado de gndola, anaquel o seccin en tiendas de autoservicio Encargado de bodega y/o almacn Enfermera, auxiliar prctico de Ferreteras y tlapaleras, dependiente de mostrador en Fogonero de calderas de vapor Gasolinero, oficial Herrera, oficial de Hojalatero en la reparacin de automviles y camiones, oficial Hornero fundidor de metales, oficial Joyero-platero, oficial Joyero-platero en trabajo a domicilio, oficial Linotipista, oficial 75.61 78.68 81.28 80.45 83.33 77.2 83.97 85.57 87.67 81.28 84.67 90.38 73.64 76.59 79.1 78.13 81.08 74.98 81.78 83.21 85.51 79.1 82.62 88.19 71.32 74.59 76.91 76.15 78.85 73.32 79.48 80.98 83.23 76.91 80.33 85.87 82.69 80.7 78.46 85.2 B 83.06 C 80.78
22
86.14
83.84
81.49
19
Pesos diarios
Areas Geogrficas A 36 37 38 39 40 Lubricador de automviles, camiones y otros vehculos de motor Maestro en escuelas primarias particulares Manejador en granja avcola Maquinaria agrcola, operador de Mquinas para madera en general, oficial operador de Mecnico en reparacin de automviles y camiones, oficial Mecnico tornero, oficial Moldero en fundicin de metales Montador en talleres y fbricas de calzado, oficial Niquelado y cromado de artculos y piezas de metal, oficial de Peinador(a) y manicurista Perforista con pistola de aire Pintor de automviles y camiones, oficial Pintor de casas, edificios y construcciones en general, oficial Planchador a mquina en tintoreras, lavanderas y establecimientos similares 77.9 92.14 74.65 87.67 83.33 B 75.84 89.8 72.8 85.51 81.08 C 73.68 87.23 70.86 83.23 78.85
41 42 43 44
90.38 84.67 82.69 78.28
88.19 82.62 80.7 76.34
85.87 80.33 78.46 74.34
45 46 47 48 49
82.31 81.28 86.14 83.97 83.33
80.25 79.1 83.84 81.78 81.08
77.95 76.91 81.49 79.48 78.85
50
77.33
75.43
73.52
20
SALARIOS MINIMOS PROFESIONALES QUE ESTARAN VIGENTES A PARTIR DEL 1 DE ENERO DEL AO 2011
OFICIO No.
PROFESIONES, OFICIOS Y TRABAJOS ESPECIALES
Pesos diarios
Areas Geogrficas A 51 52 53 54 Plomero en instalaciones sanitarias, oficial Prensa offset multicolor, operador de Prensista, oficial Radiotcnico reparador de aparatos elctricos y electrnicos, oficial Recamarero(a) en hoteles, moteles y otros establecimientos de hospedaje Refaccionarias de automviles y camiones, dependiente de mostrador en Reparador de aparatos elctricos para el hogar, oficial Reportero(a) en prensa diaria impresa Reportero(a) grfico(a) en prensa diaria impresa Repostero o pastelero Sastrera en trabajo a domicilio, oficial de Secretario(a) auxiliar Soldador con soplete o con arco elctrico 83.51 87.17 81.28 86.97 B 81.47 84.92 79.1 84.66 C 79.17 82.63 76.91 82.32
55
75.61
73.64
71.32
56
78.68
76.59
74.59
57
82.31
80.25
77.95
58 59 60 61 62 63
179.2 179.2 87.17 87.67 90.2 86.14
174.67 174.67 84.92 85.51 87.67 83.84
169.6 169.6 82.63 83.23 85.51 81.49
21
SALARIOS MINIMOS PROFESIONALES QUE ESTARAN VIGENTES A PARTIR DEL 1 DE ENERO DEL AO 2011
OFICIO No.
PROFESIONES, OFICIOS Y TRABAJOS ESPECIALES
Pesos diarios
Areas Geogrficas A Talabartero en la manufactura y reparacin de artculos de piel, oficial Tablajero y/o carnicero en mostrador Tapicero de vestiduras de automviles, oficial Tapicero en reparacin de muebles, oficial Trabajo social, tcnico(a) en Vaquero ordeador a mquina Velador Vendedor de piso de aparatos de uso domstico Zapatero en talleres de reparacin de calzado, oficial B C
64
81.28
79.1
76.91
65
81.28
79.1
76.91
66
82.69
80.7
78.46
67
82.69
80.7
78.46
68 69 70
98.6 75.61 77.2
95.88 73.64 74.98
93.39 71.32 73.32
71
79.5
77.48
75.31
72
78.28
76.34
74.34
22
Legislacin Sobre Salarios Mnimos En Mxico

Preguntas ms frecuentes
Existe una ley especfica sobre salarios mnimos en Mxico?
No existe una ley especfica sobre salarios mnimos en Mxico. Sin embargo, en la Constitucin Poltica de Mxico, Artculo 123, seccin VI, se encuentra el sustento legal para los salarios mnimos generales. Es principalmente la Ley Federal del Trabajo la que contiene la regulacin de los salarios mnimos. Los artculos 90 a 97 de dicha ley contienen las caractersiticas principales de los salarios mnimos.
El salario mnimo en Mxico es de 59.82 pesos diarios, lo que equivale a 4.7 dlares y resulta insuficiente para cubrir las necesidades de una familia como est establecido en la Constitucin mexicana, es tambin ah donde se determina que la Comisin Nacional de Salarios Mnimos, integrada por empleadores, trabajadores y gobierno, ser la responsable de fijar los salarios mnimos cada ao. A pesar de este esquema, el salario mnimo ha perdido un 80% de su poder adquisitivo desde 1882.
Existe ms de un salario mnimo establecido por la ley Mxico tiene ms de un salario mnimo. El gobierno mexicano determina los niveles legales de salario mnimo para las diferentes regiones y profesiones. La Comisin Nacional de Salarios Mnimos establece 72 categoras de salarios mnimos profesionales, sin embargo stos tambin son muy bajos y su poder de compra se ha reducido. La cada es en diferentes proporciones, pero un promedio de 60 porciento.
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3 A qu nivel se determinan los salarios mnimos? La ley mexicana, en el artculo 123 de la Constitucin Poltica y en los Artculos 91 y 93 de la Ley Federal del Trabajo establecen que los salarios mnimos generales deben ser aplicados a todas las profesiones y trabajos especiales segn las diferentes actividades econmicas, ocupaciones o reas geogrficas. A nivel regional, los salarios mnimos generales se establecen por reas econmicas de la siguiente manera: rea "A", 59.82 pesos diarios; rea "B", 58.13; y rea "C", 56.70. A nivel sector los salarios se fijan segn negociaciones. Los salarios profesionales se aplican nacionalmente en las mismas zonas geogrficas, el monto menor por da es 79.13 pesos y el mayor 179 pesos diarios. Hay salarios contractuales que se acuerdan entre sindicatos y empleadores y que toman como referencia los salarios mnimos. Los salarios contractuales son mayores y difieren entre un sector y otro de la economa, dependiendo no slo de la importancia del sector sino de la fuerza de la asociacin para acordar un salario algo mayor, de cualquier modo, estn restringidos por el salario mnimo. 4 Con base en qu se calcula el salario mnimo? Segn el artculo 83 de la Ley Federal del Trabajo, el salario debe fijarse por unidad de tiempo, por unidad de trabajo,por comisin, por precio alzado o de cualquier otra manera. De cualquier modo, los salarios mnimos en Mxico son determinados con una base diaria. (ver Comunicado de prensa 18 de Diciembre del 2010). En el lugar de trabajo muchos trabajadores mexicanos trabajan ms de 8 horas diarias, el salario es menor al permitido y tampoco se les paga tiempo extra. El pago semanal es comn sectores como el de la construccin y el campo. Entonces, el salario mnimo se usa para calcular el salario semanal. Los trabajadores mexicanos con seguridad social y seguridad laboral tienen un esquema de pago quincenal, son principalmente empleados de la banca, aseguradoras, educacin, gobierno, salud, entre otros. En estos casos el salario mnimo es referencia para el pago quincenal.
24

En caso de salario mnimo semanal/quincenal, est basado en un nmero fijo de horas? La Ley Federal del Trabajo, en su artculo 90, indica que el salario mnimo es el monto mnimo que deber pagarse en efectivo por los servicios prestados en un da de trabajo y el artculo 61 define que la duracin mxima de la jornada laboral es de 8 horas durante el da, 7 para jornadas nocturnas y 7 y media para las jornadas mixtas. Tambien en el artculo 85 de la Ley del Trabajo, el salario pagado a un trabajador (nunca menor al salario mnimo) debe basarse en una jornada normal de 8 o 7.5 horas (cuando es nocturna). Los trabajadores que cuentan con un contrato colectivo cuentan con un da laboral de 8 horas, su pago es quincenal y se expresa como salario mensual.
En el establecimiento de los salarios mnimos estn involucrados 6 el gobierno, los empleadores y representantes de los trabajadores?
El tercer prrafo de la seccin VI del artculo 123 de la Constitucin mexicana y el artculo 94 de la Ley Federal del Trabajo, establecen que "Los salarios mnimos se establecern por una Comisin Nacional integrada por representantes de trabajadores, empleadores y gobierno". Tambin en el artculo 94 de la Ley Federal del Trabajo se establece que la Comisin Nacional que fijar los salarios mnimos debe formar comits como considere necesario para la realizacin de sus funciones. La organizacin representante de los empleadores, llamada COPARMEX y los sindicatos agrupados en la CTM y la CROC estn involucrados en dicha comisin.
La
comisin
incluye
representantes
del
gobierno
federal.
Los
empleadores estn representados por asociaciones mexicanas de negocios. Desafortunadamente, la representacin de los trabajadores recae en sindicatos oficiales que ignoran los puntos de vista de los sindicatos independientes de Mxico.
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Cmo se deciden los ajustes o actualizaciones del salario mnimo? La seccin VI del artculo 123 de la Constitucin establece que "Los salarios mnimos se establecern por una Comisin Nacional integrada por representantes de trabajadores, empleadores y gobierno" y deber contemplar encuestas salariales. La Ley Federal del Trabajo, bajo el ttulo III, captulo VI, especifica el procedimiento completo que se lleva a cabo para la revisin de los salarios mnimos. La Comisin Nacional de Salarios Mnimos establece los salarios mnimos generales y profesionales, pero sucede que dicha comisin slo oficializa lo que define el gobierno con los empleadores y los sindicatos oficiales validan su decisin. Es una comisin que slo ha servido para validar que en Mxico existan salarios de pobreza.
Cules son los componentes del salario mnimo en Mxico? El salario mnimo legal, declarado por el gobierno mexicano, tiene un solo componente fijo. El salario mnimo slo tiene un componente y su clculo no considera los pagos por productividad o algn otro concepto para incrementarlo. Con qu frecuencia se actualiza el componente fijo del salario mnimo?
La Ley Federal del Trabajo no aclara ningn intervalo especfico para la revisin de los salarios mnimos, pero segn el artculo 570 de dicha ley, los salarios mnimos debern fijarse cada ao y podrn revisarse en cualquier momento dependiendo de las circunstancias econmicas. Desde 1976 los salarios mnimos se establecen anualmente pero, debido a que pueden revisarse y modificarse en cualquier momento segn la situacin econmica, se han tenido 47 salarios mnimos desde esa fecha.
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10
Cul es el criterio en el que se basa la actualizacin de los salarios mnimos? Segn el artculo 123 de la Constitucin Poltica de Mxico y el artculo 90 de la Ley Federal del Trabajo, el salario mnimo deber ser suficiente para satisfacer los requerimientos normales de un jefe de familia en el orden material, social y cultural y proveer educacin bsica de los hijos. Segn el artculo 561 (III) y 562, el nivel del salario mnimo tambin dpende del costo de vida pr familia, las condiciones del mercado de trabajo y la estructura de pago. Aun tras considerar las condiciones generales de la economa, el mercado, las polticas energticas, la crisis financiera global, la economa internacional, el empleo, los salarios, las negociaciones laborales, la evolucin de los precios para determinar el salario mnimo, no es lgico que el incremento del mismo se encuentre por debajo de la inflacin.
11
Cul es la lnea nacional de pobreza (en moneda nacional)
El Consejo Nacional de Evaluacin de la Poltica de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL) provee un Ingreso Corriente Total Per Capita (ICTPC) de 4,026 pesos como el promedio nacional, 4,481 en reas urbanas y 2,427 en rurales.
Se considera pobres a aquellos con carencias sociales, es decir, aquellos con un ingreso por encima de la lnea de bienestar, pero con al menos una privacin social, tienen un ingreso dentro de los parmetros descritos en la columna anterior. El CONEVAL ha establecido varias categoras para medir la pobreza, pero diferentes investigadores estiman que el 70 por ciento de la poblacin sufre de algn tipo de pobreza en Mxico. Los datos presentados corresponden a 2008 y se publicaron en 2010.
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12
Con qu frecuencia se actualiza la lnea de pobreza? Por ley, el Consejo Nacional de Evaluacin de la Poltica de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL) es una agencia pblica federal con capacidad tcnica y administrativa para generar informacin objetiva sobre el estado de las polticas sociales y la medicin de pobreza en Mxico Hace 6 aos se cre el CONEVAL, que en aos anteriores no ha reportado la medida de pobreza y los datos se han publicado de manera irregular, pero a partir de este ao lo harn peridicamente.
13
Cul es el porcentaje de salario mnimo relativo a la actual lnea de pobreza?
2.25 veces el salario mnimo es la lnea de pobreza (225%)
14
Cul es la incidencia de los salarios mnimos en la fuerza de trabajo nacional (slo asalariados)? En Mxico, segn la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo 2010, ms de 16 millones de trabajadores mexicanos reciben entre 1 y 2 salarios mnimos y 3 millones de trabajadores no reciben un salario por su trabajo
15
Cmo se regulan las quejas acerca del salario mnimo? El ttulo 11, captulos X al XIII, de la Ley Federal del Trabajo, es obligacin del Inspector del Trabajo supervisar el cumplimiento de las normas laborales. De acuerdo con la Ley Federal del Trabajo es una atribucin de la Secretaria de Trabajo y de las Juntas Federales y locales de Conciliacin y Arbitraje, quienes tienen que tutelar el cumplimiento de la ley laboral. En la realidad, muchos trabajadores mexicanos no reciben ni siquiera un salario mnimo por su trabajo. La ley se viola en empresas mexicanas.
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15
Qu sanciones legales pueden aplicarse a quienes incumplan con la regulacin? El artculo 1004 de la Ley Federal del Trabajo establece multas y prisin en caso de violacin de los estndares salariales, dependiendo del monto o la omisin.
16
Las sanciones se aplican con regularidad? not applicable My pocos casos se sancionan porque muchos trabajadores prefieren no quejarse, el gobierno no cuenta con la capacidad para visitar y revisar a todas las compaas y es muy comn que se lleguen a acuerdos entre los involucrados cuando se presenta alguna queja. Se involucra a los empleadores o representantes sindicales en los procedimientos o quejas? Las Juntas de Conciliacin y Arbitraje son las responsables de guiar la negociacin entre empleadores y trabajadores cuando exista algn desacuerdo. Dnde pueden presentar sus quejas los trabajadores que ganen menos de un salario mnimo? Segn el artculo 540 (III) de la Ley Federal del Trabajo, es responsabilidad del inspector laboral informar a las autoridades acerca de violaciones de los estndares laborales. Segn la misma ley, es obligacin de las Juntas de Conciliacin y Arbitraje resolver las disputas. Adems existe una Comisin Nacional para la defensa del Salario para proteger los salarios mnimos, cuya responsabilidad es vigilar y reforzar las leyes y programas que protegen al salario. Tambin existe la Procuradura Federal para la Defensa del Trabajo (PROFEDET) que es un organismo descentralizado de la Secretara del Trabajo y Previsin Social (STPyS), que tiene la misin de aconsejar representar de manera gratuita, y proponer y, si es necesario, soluciones a los
17
18
trabajadores y empleadores para llegar a un acuerdo.
29
Indian Institute of Management

Vastrapur Ahmedabad -380 015 India
Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Labour Studies (AIAS)

University of Amsterdam Plantage Muidergracht 12 1018 TV Amsterdam The Netherlands
WageIndicator Foundation
Plantage Muidergracht 12, 1018TV Amsterdam, The Netherlands office@wageindicator.org
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Mexico Minimum Wage

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Mexico Minimum Wage

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Minimum Wage Report

Minimum Wage In Mexico

Minimum Wage Rate

Daily Mexican pesos

75.61 78.68 81.28

73.64 76.59 79.1

71.32 74.59 76.91

90.38 84.67 82.69 78.28

88.19 82.62 80.7 76.34

85.87 80.33 78.46 74.34

83.51 87.17 81.28 86.97

81.47 84.92 79.1 84.66

79.17 82.63 76.91 82.32

82.31 179.2 179.2 87.17

80.25 174.67 174.67 84.92

77.95 169.6 169.6 82.63

Baker or pastry cooker

82.69 98.6 75.61 77.2

80.7 95.88 73.64 74.98

78.46 93.39 71.32 73.32

Minimum Wage Legislation

Do one or more minimum wages exist that is/are determined by law?

Minimum Wage Legislation

Minimum Wage Legislation

representatives involved in minimum wages setting?

The third paragraph of section VI of Article 123 of the

Minimum Wage Legislation

Which are the components of minimum wage in Mexico?

The minimum wage is a single rate component and its

Minimum Wage Legislation

Which are the components of minimum wage in Mexico?

The minimum wage is a single rate component and its

Minimum Wage Legislation

According to the Political Constitution of Mexico article 123;

Even after considering the General Conditions of the

What is the national poverty line? (In national currency)

Poor are those considered vulnerable by social

Minimum Wage Legislation

According to the Political Constitution of Mexico article 123;

Even after considering the General Conditions of the

What is the national poverty line? (In national currency)

Poor are those considered vulnerable by social

Minimum Wage Legislation

Minimum Wage Legislation

Salarios Mnimos En Mxico

Niveles De Salario Mnimo En Mxico

91.83 77.33 82.31 79.13

89.21 75.43 80.25 76.98

86.89 73.52 77.95 74.98

89.2 86.39 82.69 92.78

86.91 84.09 80.7 90.44

84.64 81.74 78.46 87.86

90.38 84.67 82.69 78.28

88.19 82.62 80.7 76.34

85.87 80.33 78.46 74.34

82.31 81.28 86.14 83.97 83.33

80.25 79.1 83.84 81.78 81.08

77.95 76.91 81.49 79.48 78.85

PROFESIONES, OFICIOS Y TRABAJOS ESPECIALES

179.2 179.2 87.17 87.67 90.2 86.14

174.67 174.67 84.92 85.51 87.67 83.84

169.6 169.6 82.63 83.23 85.51 81.49

PROFESIONES, OFICIOS Y TRABAJOS ESPECIALES

98.6 75.61 77.2