MEDICINE MEETS VIRTUAL REALITY 19

Studies in Health Technology and Informatics

This book series was started in 1990 to promote research conducted under the auspices of the EC programmes Advanced Informatics in Medicine (AIM) and Biomedical and Health Research (BHR) bioengineering branch. A driving aspect of international health informatics is that telecommunication technology, rehabilitative technology, intelligent home technology and many other components are moving together and form one integrated world of information and communication media. The complete series has been accepted in Medline. Volumes from 2005 onwards are available online. Series Editors: Dr. O. Bodenreider, Dr. J.P. Christensen, Prof. G. de Moor, Prof. A. Famili, Dr. U. Fors, Prof. A. Hasman, Prof. E.J.S. Hovenga, Prof. L. Hunter, Dr. I. Iakovidis, Dr. Z. Kolitsi, Mr. O. Le Dour, Dr. A. Lymberis, Prof. J. Mantas, Prof. M.A. Musen, Prof. P.F. Niederer, Prof. A. Pedotti, Prof. O. Rienhoff, Prof. F.H. Roger France, Dr. N. Rossing, Prof. N. Saranummi, Dr. E.R. Siegel, Prof. T. Solomonides and Dr. P. Wilson

Volume 173
Recently published in this series Vol. 171. P.B. Cerrito, Data Mining to Determine Risk in Medical Decisions Vol. 170. G.J.E. De Moor (Ed.), Transatlantic Cooperation Surrounding Health Related Information and Communication Technology Vol. 169. A. Moen, S.K. Andersen, J. Aarts and P. Hurlen (Eds.), User Centred Networked Health Care Proceedings of MIE 2011 Vol. 168. D.P. Hansen, A.J. Maeder and L.K. Schaper (Eds.), Health Informatics: The Transformative Power of Innovation Selected Papers from the 19th Australian National Health Informatics Conference (HIC 2011) Vol. 167. B.K. Wiederhold, S. Bouchard and G. Riva (Eds.), Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine 2011 Advanced Technologies in Behavioral, Social and Neurosciences Vol. 166. V. Koutkias, J. Nis, S. Jensen, N. Maglaveras and R. Beuscart (Eds.), Patient Safety Informatics Adverse Drug Events, Human Factors and IT Tools for Patient Medication Safety Vol. 165. L. Stoicu-Tivadar, B. Blobel, T. Marun and A. Orel (Eds.), e-Health Across Borders Without Boundaries E-salus trans confinia sine finibus Proceedings of the EFMI Special Topic Conference, 1415 April 2011, Lako, Slovenia Vol. 164. E.M. Borycki, J.A. Bartle-Clar, M.S. Househ, C.E. Kuziemsky and E.G. Schraa (Eds.), International Perspectives in Health Informatics

ISSN 0926-9630 (print) ISSN 1879-8365 (online)

Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 19

NextMed

Edited by

James D. Westwood Susan W. Westwood MA Li Fellnder-Tsai MD PhD Randy S. Haluck MD FACS Richard A. Robb PhD Steven Senger PhD
and

Kirby G. Vosburgh PhD

Amsterdam Berlin Tokyo Washington, DC

 2012 The authors and IOS Press. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher. ISBN 978-1-61499-021-5 (print) ISBN 978-1-61499-022-2 (online) Library of Congress Control Number: 2012930194 Publisher IOS Press BV Nieuwe Hemweg 6B 1013 BG Amsterdam Netherlands fax: +31 20 687 0019 e-mail: order@iospress.nl Distributor in the USA and Canada IOS Press, Inc. 4502 Rachael Manor Drive Fairfax, VA 22032 USA fax: +1 703 323 3668 e-mail: iosbooks@iospress.com

LEGAL NOTICE The publisher is not responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS

Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 19 J.D. Westwood et al. (Eds.) IOS Press, 2012 2012 The authors and IOS Press. All rights reserved.

Preface
James D. WESTWOOD Aligned Management Associates, Inc.

When treating their patients, physicians confront a living system that is astoundingly complex, with checks and balances that are incompletely understood, and sensitive to pain. Technologists, on the other hand, work with man-made objects within the less emotional domains of materials and mathematics, creating anew or building upon prior work as creativity inspires and economics allow. The former juggles individual makeup with personal histories and emotional ramifications; the latter can take a good outcome and multiply it with industrial production methods. To a programmer and a surgeon, for example, crisis and success necessarily imply very different scenarios. In spite of those inherent differences, for two decades MMVR has helped bridge gaps between doctors and engineersbiology versus physics, clinic versus lab bench, and patient versus device. At MMVR, two professional cultures, with their respective methods and idioms, unite with a singular goal: to improve healthcare by creating new solutions to old healthcare problems. Informatics stirs up medicines traditionalism, as modeling, simulation, visualization, sensors, robotics, data networks, and other informatics-enabled applications let doctors approach the human body with fresh understanding. It has been a pleasure to work with so many creative and industrious researchers during the organization of this years conference. During a time when political and economic experts seem unable to find solutions to pressing global problems, it is encouraging to be part of a culture that, even when experts disagree, is notable for its civility, enthusiasm, and ability to keep in mind shared goals. Thanks to all of you who have made possible another edition of the MMVR/NextMed proceedings.

vi

MMVR19 Proceedings Editors

James D. Westwood MMVR19 Conference Organizer Aligned Management Associates, Inc. Susan W. Westwood MA MMVR19 Proceedings Coordinator Aligned Management Associates, Inc. Li Fellnder-Tsai MD PhD Professor, Department of Orthopedics Director, Center for Advanced Medical Simulation and Training Chair, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology Karolinska University Hospital Karolinska Institutet Randy S. Haluck MD FACS Professor of Surgery Chief, Minimally Invasive Surgery and Bariatrics Vice Chair for Technology and Innovation Penn State, Hershey Medical Center Richard A. Robb PhD Scheller Professor in Medical Research Professor of Biophysics & Computer Science Director, Biomedical Imaging Research Laboratory Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Steven Senger PhD Professor and Chair, Department of Computer Science Professor, Department of Mathematics University of Wisconsin La Crosse Kirby G. Vosburgh PhD Assistant Professor of Radiology Brigham & Womens Hospital Harvard Medical School

vii

MMVR19 Organizing Committee

Michael J. Ackerman PhD National Library of Medicine Kan Jeff Baysa MD Vera List Center for Art and Politics; The New School Steve Charles MD MicroDexterity Systems; University of Tennessee Patrick C. Cregan FRACS Nepean Hospital, Sydney West Area Health Service Li Fellnder-Tsai MD PhD Karolinska University Hospital; Karolinska Institutet Cali M. Fidopiastis PhD University of Alabama at Birmingham Henry Fuchs PhD University of North Carolina Walter J. Greenleaf PhD Greenleaf Medical Systems; InWorld Solutions; Virtually Better Randy S. Haluck MD FACS Penn State, Hershey Medical Center David M. Hananel University of Minnesota Wm. LeRoy Heinrichs MD PhD Stanford University School of Medicine Pierre Jannin PhD INRIA; INSERM; CNRS; Universit de Rennes 1 Kanav Kahol PhD Arizona State University Mounir Laroussi PhD Old Dominion University Heinz U. Lemke PhD Technical University Berlin

viii

Alan Liu PhD Uniformed Services University Bertalan Mesk MD University of Debrecen; Webicina.com Greg T. Mogel MD Kaiser Permanente Kevin N. Montgomery PhD Stanford University Adrianne Noe PhD National Museum of Health & Medicine Makoto Nonaka MD PhD Foundation for International Scientific Advancement Carla M. Pugh MD PhD Northwestern University Giuseppe Riva PhD Universit Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano Albert A. Rizzo PhD University of Southern California Richard A. Robb PhD Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Jannick P. Rolland PhD University of Rochester; University of Central Florida Anand P. Santhanam PhD University of California, Los Angeles Richard M. Satava MD FACS University of Washington Steven Senger PhD University of Wisconsin La Crosse Ramin Shahidi PhD Stanford University School of Medicine Yunhe Shen PhD University of Minnesota

ix

Thomas Sangild Srensen PhD University of Aarhus Don Stredney Ohio Supercomputer Center; The Ohio State University Julie A. Swain MD U.S. Food and Drug Administration Robert M. Sweet MD University of Minnesota Kirby G. Vosburgh PhD Brigham & Womens Hospital; Harvard Medical School Dave Warner MD PhD MindTel LLC; Institute for Interventional Informatics Brenda K. Wiederhold PhD MBA BCIA Virtual Reality Medical Institute Mark Wiederhold MD PhD Virtual Reality Medical Center Ozlem Yardimci PhD Praxair, Inc.

xi

Contents
Preface James D. Westwood MMVR19 Proceedings Editors MMVR19 Organizing Committee A Meshless EFG-Based Algorithm for 3D Deformable Modeling of Soft Tissue in Real-Time Elahe Abdi, Farzam Farahmand and Mohammad Durali Design of a 4 DOF Laparoscopic Surgery Robot for Manipulation of Large Organs Alireza Alamdar, Alireza Mirbagheri, Farzam Farahmand and Mohammad Durali Virtual Help for Real Surgery: The Case of Awake Surgery Giovanni Albani, Pietro Cipresso, Andrea Gaggioli, Silvia Serino, Cinzia Vigna, Lorenzo Priano, Alessandro Mauro, Angelo Franzini and Giuseppe Riva Enhancing Medical Communication Training Using Motion Capture, Perspective Taking and Virtual Reality Ivelina V. Alexandrova, Marcus Rall, Martin Breidt, Gabriela Tullius, Uwe Kloos, Heinrich H. Blthoff and Betty J. Mohler Medical Students Attitudes Toward Obese Patient Avatars of Different Skin Color Allen D. Andrade, Jorge G. Ruiz, Michael J. Mintzer, Pedro Cifuentes, Ramanakumar Anam, Josh Diem, Orlando Gmez-Marn, Huaping Sun and Bernard A. Roos Abnormal Red Blood Cells Detection Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy System Nahid Babazadeh Khameneh, Hossein Arabalibeik, Piruz Salehian and Saeed Setayeshi Concurrent and Face Validity of a Capsulorhexis Simulation with Respect to Human Patients P. Pat Banerjee, Deepak P. Edward, Shun Liang, Charles S. Bouchard, Paul J. Bryar, Richard Ahuja, Phillip Dray and Daniel P. Bailey An Aneurysm Clipping Training Module for the Neurosurgical Training Simulator NeuroSim Florian Beier, Evangelos Sismanidis, Axel Stadie, Kirsten Schmieder and Reinhard Mnner Distributed Adaptive Simulation Through Standards-Based Integration of Simulators and Adaptive Learning Systems Bryan Bergeron, Andrew Cline and Jaime Shipley Volume Visual Attention Maps (VVAM) in Ray-Casting Rendering Andoni Beristain, John Congote and Oscar Ruiz Haptic Feedback in OP:Sense Augmented Reality in Telemanipulated Robotic Surgery T. Beyl, P. Nicolai, H. Mnnich, J. Raczkowksy and H. Wrn v vi vii 1

13

16

23

30

35

42

48 53

58

xii

Haptic Handles for Robotic Surgery Hannes Bleuler, Laura Santos-Carreras, Ali Sengl and Giulio Rognini Development of Medical Engagement Training Toolkits to Support Special Operations Military Assistance Programs in Austere Environments Ben H. Boedeker, David Boedeker and Charmaine Tate User Preference Comparing a Conventional Videolaryngoscope Blade vs. a Novel Suction Videolaryngoscope Blade in Simulated Hemorrhagic Airway Intubation Ben H. Boedeker, Mary Bernhagen, David J. Miller and W. Bosseau Murray Use of a Cardiac Algorithm in a Preoperative Evaluation Clinic A Pilot Study Ben H. Boedeker, Mary A. Barak-Bernhagen, Nikola Miljkovic, Thomas A. Nicholas IV, Ronald L. White and Bobbie Sweitzer Surgical Tools Recognition and Pupil Segmentation for Cataract Surgical Process Modeling David Bouget, Florent Lalys and Pierre Jannin Evaluation of Neuroanatomical Training Using a 3D Visual Reality Model Danielle N. Brewer, Timothy D. Wilson, Roy Eagleson and Sandrine de Ribaupierre A Compact High-Definition Low-Cost Digital Stereoscopic Video Camera for Rapid Robotic Surgery Development Jay Carlson, Jdrzej Kowalczuk, Eric Psota and Lance C. Prez Evaluation of Tensiometric Assessment as a Measure of Skill Degradation Jeffrey J.H. Cheung, David Rojas, Bryce Weber, Bill Kapralos, Heather Carnahan and Adam Dubrowski EEG Alpha Asymmetry in Virtual Environments for the Assessment of Stress-Related Disorders Pietro Cipresso, Andrea Gaggioli, Silvia Serino, Federica Pallavicini, Simona Raspelli, Alessandra Grassi, Luigi Sellitti and Giuseppe Riva Use of a Linear Motion Stroke Potentiometer as a High Precision Sensor for Linear Translation in a Laparoscopic Ligating Loop Simulation Saurabh Dargar, Ganesh Sankaranarayanan and Suvranu De ToolTrackTM: A Compact, Low-Cost System for Measuring Surgical Tool Motion Saurabh Dargar, Ganesh Sankaranarayanan and Suvranu De Anatomic Hepatectomy Planning Through Mobile Display Visualization and Interaction Henrique Galvan Debarba, Jernimo Grandi, Anderson Maciel and Dinamar Zanchet Towards a Generic Framework for Evaluation and Comparison of Soft Tissue Modeling Aurlien Deram, Yohan Payan and Emmanuel Promayon The Application of Technology for the Creation of Retention Profiles for Use in Adaptive Learning and the Delivery of Remedial Material Ross Dworkin and Andrew Cline A 6 Degrees-of-Freedom Haptic Milling Simulator for Surgical Training of Vertebral Operations Magnus Eriksson and Jan Wikander

64

69

72

75

78 85

92 97

102

105

108

111

116

123

126

xiii

Force Sensing-Based Simulator for Arthroscopic Skills Assessment in Orthopaedic Knee Surgery Abelardo Escoto, Ana Luisa Trejos, Michael D. Naish, Rajni V. Patel and Marie-Eve LeBel An Open Source Mobile Platform for Psychophysiological Self Tracking Andrea Gaggioli, Pietro Cipresso, Silvia Serino, Giovanni Pioggia, Gennaro Tartarisco, Giovanni Baldus, Daniele Corda and Giuseppe Riva Creating a Representative Map for Arthroscopy Simulation John Daniel Hachey, Marie-Eve LeBel and Sayra Cristancho A Resource Management Tool for Real-Time Multimodal Surgical Simulation Tansel Halic, Ganesh Sankaranarayanan and Suvranu De A Framework for Web Browser-Based Medical Simulation Using WebGL Tansel Halic, Woojin Ahn and Suvranu De Haptic Simulator for Liver Diagnostics Through Palpation Felix G. Hamza-Lup, Crenguta M. Bogdan and Adrian Seitan Classification of Wheeze Sounds Using Cepstral Analysis and Neural Networks Amjad Hashemi, Hossein Arabalibeik and Khosrow Agin Training System for NOTES and SPS Surgery Robot That Enables Spatiotemporal Retrospective Analysis of the Training Process Asaki Hattori, Naoki Suzuki, Satoshi Ieiri, Morimasa Tomikawa, Hajime Kenmotsu and Makoro Hashizume Training Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Spine Trauma Using a New Educational Program for Visualization Through Imaging and Simulation (VIS): A First Evaluation by Medical Students Leif Hedman, Madelen Fahlstedt, Marcus Schlickum, Hans Mller, Peter Halldin, Hans von Holst and Li Fellnder-Tsai SBAR Flattens the Hierarchy Among Caregivers Wm. LeRoy Heinrichs, Eric Bauman and Parvati Dev Potential of the Navigated Controlled Surgery at the Lateral Skull Base with the Navigated Control Unit (NCU 2.0) Mathias Hofer, Tim Lueth, Andreas Dietz and Gero Strauss An Accelerated Haptic Feedback Algorithm Utilizing Volume Reconstruction Rui Hu, Kenneth E. Barner and Karl V. Steiner A Non-Photorealistic Surgery Simulation System Rui Hu, Kenneth E. Barner, Jingyi Yu and Karl V. Steiner Investigating the Muscle Activities of Performing Surgical Training Tasks Using a Virtual Simulator Chun-Kai Huang, Irene H. Suh, Jung Hung Chien, Srikant Vallabhajosula, Dmitry Oleynikov and Ka-Chun Siu Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Airflow Inside Lungs Using Heterogenous Anisotropic Lung Tissue Elastic Properties Olusegun Ilegbusi, Ziang Li, Yugang Min, Sanford Meeks, Patrick Kupelian and Anand P. Santhanam Telementoring for Airway Management Between a Far Forward Special Operations Location to a Major Medical Center Using Inexpensive Telemedicine Solutions Daniel Irizarry, Ben H. Boedeker, Mary Bernhagen, Nikola Miljkovic and Thomas Nicholas IV

129

136

139 142 149 156 161

166

171

175

183 186 193

200

205

212

xiv

Using the Battlefield Telemedicine System (BTS) to Train Deployed Medical Personnel in Complicated Medical Tasks A Proof of Concept Daniel Irizarry, Michael C. Wadman, Mary A. Bernhagen, Nikola Miljkovic and Ben H. Boedeker Real-Time Simulation of Interaction Between Colon and Endoscope for the Colonoscopy Simulation Hoeryong Jung and Doo Yong Lee Augmented Reality Visualization for Guidance in Neurovascular Surgery Marta Kersten-Oertel, Sean S.J. Chen, Simon Drouin, David S. Sinclair and D. Louis Collins Development of a VR-Based Injection Training System Using a Standardized Patient Ayano Kikuchi, Toshiya Nakaguchi, Masahiro Tanabe and Hideaki Haneishi AMILab Software: Medical Image Analysis, Processing and Visualization Karl Krissian, Francisco Santana-Jorge, Daniel Santana-Cedrs, Carlos Falcn-Torres, Sara Arencibia, Sara Illera, Agustn Trujillo, Claire Chalopin and Luis Alvarez Generation of 3D Ultrasound Training Volumes from Freehand Acquired Data Jason Kutarnia and Peder C. Pedersen Moving Past Normal Force: Capturing and Classifying Shear Motion Using 3D Sensors Calvin Kwan, Lawrence Salud, Chiagozie Ononye, Shenshen Zhao and Carla Pugh A Study About Coefficients to Estimate the Error in Biomechanical Models Used to Virtually Simulate the Organ Behaviors M.A. Lago, F. Martnez-Martnez, M.J. Ruprez, C. Monserrat and M. Alcaiz PleurAlert: An Augmented Chest Drainage System with Electronic Sensing, Automated Alerts and Internet Connectivity Cory E. Leeson, Robert A. Weaver, Taylor Bissell, Rachel Hoyer, Corinne McClain, Douglas A. Nelson and Joseph T. Samosky Utilization of a Civilian Academic Center as a Force Multiplier in Support of NATO Special Operations Medicine A Pilot Demonstration Peter Lennarson, Ben H. Boedeker, Gail M. Kuper, ystein Petter Nygaard, Tonje Okkenhaug Johansen, Annette Halvorsen, Inge Halvorsen and Daniel Irizarry Augmented Environments for Minimally Invasive Therapy: Implementation Barriers from Technology to Practice C.A. Linte, K.P. Davenport, K. Cleary, C. Peters, K.G. Vosburgh, P. Edwards, P. Jannin, T.M. Peters, D.R. Holmes III and R.A. Robb Visual Tracking of Laparoscopic Instruments in a Hough Space Constantinos Loukas and Evangelos Georgiou Design and Evaluation of a Medical Teamwork Training Simulator Using Consumer-Level Equipment Stefan Marks, John A. Windsor and Burkhard Wnsche Direct Haptic Volume Rendering in Lumbar Puncture Simulation Andre Mastmeyer, Dirk Fortmeier and Heinz Handels

215

218 225

230

233

238

245

250

257

260

263

270

273 280

xv

Simulation of a Human Circulatory System Vinay Menon Tele-Orthopaedics: United States Army European Regional Medical Command Jeffrey Morgan, Shaka Walker, David Melaas, Maria Crane, Jacob Bacahui and Ben H. Boedeker A Prototype Stimulator System for Noninvasive Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound Delivery Amit P. Mulgaonkar, Rahul S. Singh, Meghedi Babakhanian, Martin O. Culjat, Warren S. Grundfest, Alessandra Gorgulho, Goran Lacan, Antonio A.F. De Salles, Alexander Bystritsky and William P. Melega Automated Real Time Peg and Tool Detection for the FLS Trainer Box Arun Nemani and Ganesh Sankaranarayanan Performance Comparison of Laryngoscopy and Suction Techniques in a Hemorrhagic Airway Manikin Simulator: Direct Laryngoscopy with Yankauer vs. Storz CMAC with Attached Suction Tip Thomas A. Nicholas IV, Huiling Pang, Mary A. Bernhagen and Ben H. Boedeker Nasotracheal Intubation in a Difficult Airway Using the Storz C-MAC Videolaryngoscope, the Boedeker Bougie Endotracheal Introducer, and the Boedeker Curved Forceps Thomas A. Nicholas IV, Mary A. Bernhagen and Ben H. Boedeker Perception of Stiffness in Laparoscopy The Fulcrum Effect Ilana Nisky, Felix Huang, Amit Milstein, Carla M. Pugh, Ferdinando A. Mussa-Ivaldi and Amir Karniel Real-Time Human Pose Detection and Tracking for Tele-Rehabilitation in Virtual Reality tpn Obdrlek, Gregorij Kurillo, Jay Han, Ted Abresch and Ruzena Bajcsy Step-Based Cognitive Virtual Surgery Simulation: An Innovative Approach to Surgical Education Aaron Oliker, Zachary Napier, Nicolette Deluccia, John Qualter, Frank Sculli, Brandon Smith, Carrie Stern, Roberto Flores, Alexes Hazen and Joseph McCarthy An Experimental Study on CHVEs Performance Evaluation Paulo V.F. Paiva, Liliane S. Machado and Jauvane C. Oliveira Virtual Reality Paced Serial Assessment Test for Neuropsychological Assessment of a Military Cohort Thomas D. Parsons, Christopher Courtney, Albert A. Rizzo, Christina Armstrong, Joseph Edwards and Gregory Reger Virtual Worlds Are an Innovative Tool for Medical Device Training in a Simulated Environment Vishal Patel, Henry Lee, Dave Taylor, Rajesh Aggarwal, James Kinross and Ara Darzi Personal Low-Cost Ultrasound Training System Peder C. Pedersen and Daniel Skehan Validation of Three Virtual Reality Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) Modules Kristen B. Pitzul, Teodor P. Grantcharov and Allan Okrainec

287 294

297

304

307

310 313

320

325

328

331

338

344

349

xvi

A Simple Master-Slave Control Mapping Setup to Learn Robot-Assisted Surgery Manipulation Sukitti Punak and Sergei Kurenov The BioDigital Human: A Web-Based 3D Platform for Medical Visualization and Education John Qualter, Frank Sculli, Aaron Oliker, Zachary Napier, Sabrina Lee, Julio Garcia, Sally Frenkel, Victoria Harnik and Marc Triola Detail-on-Demand Visualization for Lean Understanding of Lung Abnormalities Sushravya Raghunath, Srinivasan Rajagopalan, Ronald A. Karwoski, Alan G. Larson, Brian J. Bartholmai and Richard A. Robb Learning Island: The Development of a Virtual Reality System for the Experiential Training of Stress Management Giuseppe Riva, Cinzia Vigna, Alessandra Grassi, Simona Raspelli, Pietro Cipresso, Federica Pallavicini, Silvia Serino and Andrea Gaggioli Shader Lamps Virtual Patients: The Physical Manifestation of Virtual Patients Diego Rivera-Gutierrez, Greg Welch, Peter Lincoln, Mary Whitton, Juan Cendan, David A. Chesnutt, Henry Fuchs and Benjamin Lok STRIVE: Stress Resilience in Virtual Environments: A Pre-Deployment VR System for Training Emotional Coping Skills and Assessing Chronic and Acute Stress Responses Albert Rizzo, J. Galen Buckwalter, Bruce John, Brad Newman, Thomas Parsons, Patrick Kenny and Josh Williams Developing Effective Serious Games: The Effect of Background Sound on Visual Fidelity Perception with Varying Texture Resolution David Rojas, Bill Kapralos, Sayra Cristancho, Karen Collins, Andrew Hogue, Cristina Conati and Adam Dubrowski An Online Practice and Educational Networking System for Technical Skills: Learning Experience in Expert Facilitated vs. Independent Learning Communities David Rojas, Jeffrey J.H. Cheung, Bryce Weber, Bill Kapralos, Heather Carnahan, Darius J. Bgli and Adam Dubrowski Virtual Skin Biopsy with Gabor Domain Optical Coherence Microscopy Jannick P. Rolland, Kye-Sung Lee, Laura Khoudeir, Panomsak Meemon, Kevin P. Thompson, Jinxin Huang, Jianing Yao and Sherrif F. Ibrahim Using Anthropomorphic Avatars Resembling Sedentary Older Individuals as Models to Enhance Self-Efficacy and Adherence to Physical Activity: Psychophysiological Correlates Jorge G. Ruiz, Allen D. Andrade, Ramankumar Anam, Rudxandra Aguiar, Huaping Sun and Bernard A. Roos The Benefits of Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) Training on Simulated Arthroscopy Performance Oleg Safir, Adam Dubrowski, Camille Williams, Yvonne Hui, David Backstein and Heather Carnahan Modification of Commercially Available Simulators to Elicit Decision Making Behavior Jonathan Salud, Chiagozie Ononye, Lawrence Salud and Carla Pugh Introducing Simulation Technology to New Faculty: Do Not Let Them Play Jonathan Salud, Chiagozie Ononye, Lawrence Salud and Carla Pugh

356

359

362

369

372

379

386

393

398

405

412

418 421

xvii

Clinical Examination Simulation: Getting to Real Lawrence H. Salud, Chiagozie I. Ononye, Calvin Kwan, Jonathan C. Salud and Carla M. Pugh A Novel Automated Drug Simulant Recognition System for Naturalistic Real-Time Medical Simulation Joseph T. Samosky, Brandon Mikulis, Russell Bregman and Douglas A. Nelson BodyWindows: Enhancing a Mannequin with Projective Augmented Reality for Exploring Anatomy, Physiology and Medical Procedures Joseph T. Samosky, Bo Wang, Douglas A. Nelson, Russell Bregman, Andrew Hosmer and Robert A. Weaver A Simulation Framework for Tool Tissue Interactions in Robotic Surgery Ganesh Sankaranarayanan, Venkata Sreekanth Arikatla and Suvranu De An Optical Tracking System for a Microsurgical Training Simulator Oliver Schuppe Using a Smart Wheelchair as a Gaming Device for Floor-Projected Games: A Mixed-Reality Environment for Training Powered-Wheelchair Driving Skills R. Secoli, D. Zondervan and D. Reinkensmeyer Virtual Trainer for Intra-Detrusor Injection of Botulinum Toxin to Treat Urinary Incontinence Yunhe Shen, Pankaj Vasandani, Jayesh Iyer, Arjune Gunasekaran, Yingchun Zhang, Daniel Burke, Dennis Dykstra and Robert Sweet A Transurethral Catheter-Based Ultrasound System for Multi-Modal Fusion Anton Shkel, Shyam Natarajan, Stefan Schimpf, Martin O. Culjat, Andreas Brose, Axel Boese, Bertram Schmidt, Peter G. Schulam, Hua Lee, Warren Grundfest and Rahul Singh Assessing Surgeon and Novice Force Skill on a Haptic Stiffness Simulator for Laparoscopic Surgery Ravikiran B. Singapogu, Dane E. Smith, Bliss M. Altenhoff, Lindsay O. Long, Varun V. Prabhu, Christopher C. Pagano, Timothy C. Burg and Karen J.K.L. Burg Haptic Tasks for Physical Laparoscopic (Box) Trainers to Differentiate Surgeon Skill Ravikiran B. Singapogu, Dane E. Smith, Bliss M. Altenhoff, Lindsay O. Long, Ryan Bontreger, Christopher C. Pagano, Timothy C. Burg and Karen J.K.L. Burg Assessment of Laparoscopic Surgical Skill Acquisition and Retention Anna Skinner and Corinna Lathan MRI Skin Segmentation for the Virtual Deformation of the Breast Under Mammographic Compression J.A. Solves Llorens, C. Monserrat, M.J. Ruprez, V. Naranjo, M. Alajami, E. Feliu, M. Garca and M. Lloret Haptic Editing of MRI Brain Data Alexei Sourin and Shamima Yasmin Integration of Surgical Simulation in Plastic Surgery Residency Training Carrie Stern, Aaron Oliker, Zachary Napier, John Qualter, Nicolette Deluccia, Frank Sculli, Sarah Long, Joe Rosen and Alexes Hazen

424

430

433

440 445

450

457

463

469

475

478

483

490 497

xviii

Virtual Simulation of Mouse Anatomy and Procedural Techniques Don Stredney, Bradley Hittle, Chun-Ming Chen, Thomas Kerwin, Anna Bratasz, Niranchana Manivannan and Kimerly Powell System Development for Unrestrictive View and 4D Shape Acquisition in Abdominal Cavity Operation Using Virtual Space Naoki Suzuki and Asaki Hattori Conductometric Catheter-Mounted Pressure Sensor Robert Tan, Peter Schulam and Jacob Schmidt THP-1 Leukemia Cancer Treatment Using a Portable Plasma Device Magesh Thiyagarajan, Lillian Waldbeser and Amanda Whitmill Portable Plasma Medical Device for Infection Treatment Magesh Thiyagarajan and Lillian Waldbeser 3DUI Assisted Lower and Upper Member Therapy Alvaro Uribe-Quevedo and Byron Perez-Gutierrez The Effects of a Mobile Stress Management Protocol on Nurses Working with Cancer Patients: A Preliminary Controlled Study Daniela Villani, Alessandra Grassi, Chiara Cognetta, Pietro Cipresso, Davide Toniolo and Giuseppe Riva A Method to Compute Respiration Parameters for Patient-Based Simulators Pierre-Frdric Villard, Franck P. Vidal, Fernando Bello and Nigel W. John A Comparison of an Integrated Suction Blade Versus a Traditional Videolaryngoscope Blade in the Endotracheal Intubation of a Hemorrhagic Cadaver Model A Pilot Study Michael Wadman, Thomas A. Nicholas, Mary A. Bernhagen, Gail M. Kuper, Nikola Miljkovic, Steven Schmidt, Jason Massignan and Ben H. Boedeker Use of a Malleable Bougie and Curved Forceps with Videolaryngoscopy in Airway Management Training in a Cadaver Model A Pilot Study Michael Wadman, Thomas A. Nicholas, Mary A. Bernhagen, Gail M. Kuper, Nikola Miljkovic, Steven Schmidt, Jason Massignan and Ben H. Boedeker Virtual Intubation Training at a Remote Military Site Robert B. Walker, P.K. Underwood, Mary Bernhagen, Nicholas Markin and Ben H. Boedeker Translating Surgical Metrics into Automated Assessments Gregory Wiet, Bradley Hittle, Thomas Kerwin and Don Stredney Three-Dimensional Micro-Imaging (CT) Based Physical Anatomic Teaching Models: Implementation of a New Learning Aid for Routine Use in Anatomy Lectures Joerg Wulf, Isabelle Rohde, Thomas Koppe and Robert John Winder A Voice-Based Automated System for PTSD Screening and Monitoring Roger Xu, Gang Mei, Guangfan Zhang, Pan Gao, Timothy Judkins, Michael Cannizzaro and Jiang Li A Decision Fusion Strategy for Polyp Detection in Capsule Endoscopy Qian Zhao, Themistocles Dassopoulos, Gerard E. Mullin, Max Q.-H. Meng and Rajesh Kumar Subject Index Author Index

500

506 512 515 518 521

524

529

534

537

540

543

549 552

559

567 571