Low Grade Fuel to High Quality Energy by Gasification

Ilkka Hannula & Esa Kurkela Technical Research Centre of Finland VTT

OIL
COAL BIOMASS

G A S

SYNGAS (CO + H2)

GASIFICATION
800 - 1400 oC

WASTE/SRF

C L E A N I N G

FT-diesel fuel Methanol, DME Gasoline, jet-fuel Hydrogen Synthetic methane Chemicals
Industrial kilns Co-firing in boilers Gas turbines Engines Fuel cells

FUEL GAS

Wide Feedstock basis

O2

A I R

S T E A M

High-Quality Final Products

11/09/2013

Biomass and waste gasification for boilers and kilns

11/09/2013

Biomass gasification for synthetic fuels and chemicals

Planned Industrial BTL Demonstration projects

Entrained-flow gasification
ForestBtL - Kemi, Finland (Vapo)
Carbo-V gasification (Linde), FT/Axens NER300 support 88 M, 480 MW FT-wax for diesel FEED contract signed with Linde 01/2013

Fluidised-bed gasification
Stracel, France (UPM)
Andritz gasification technology, FT-wax NER300 support 170 M, ~300 MW (Rauma-Finland as reserve) Inv.decision in 2014

Woodspirit - NL
BioMCN, Siemens, Linde, VS Hanab 200 000 ton/a methanol Torrefied forest residues, entrained flow gasif. NER300 support 199 M

GobiGas - Sweden (Gothenburg Energy)

Phase 1/ 20 MW SNG under construction Dual bed steam gasification from Metso Phase 2/ 80-100 MW SNG NER300 support 59 M

BioTFuel, France, Small Demo ~12 MW, FT-products. Fossil and renewable feedstock, Prenflow gasification by UHDE Black Liquour gasification (Chemrec) Bioliq-project by KIT (Pyrolysis & entrained flow gasification) small Pilot-demo Solena GreenSky London Velocys FT 100 kt/a, plasma gasification of waste (PreFEED by Fluor

Foster Wheeler CFB gasification FIBFB Gussing small-scale testing site Vrmlandsmetanol (HTW gasification) EoN, Sweden, 200 MW SNG project Joutseno SNG project VTTs 2G2020 Project Development of advanced concepts for intermediate scale and for CHP integrated applications pilot-demo

Updated Techno-Economic Assessment

Detailed evaluation of 20 individual plant designs MeOH, DME, FTL & MTG Based on technically proven process Estimated impact of further R&D to the overall economics Large scale: 300 MWth of biomass (~1300 mtpd, dry) Nth plant economics Available for download: http://bit.ly/192Vl3G

2G-Biofuels 2020 Project

budget 7.3 M in 201214; second piloting phase in 201517 Gasification task

Pressurised O2-gasification
>150 MW bio Industrial integ.

Synthetic fuels and chemicals + heat Hot Filtration & Catalytic Reforming
- MeOH, DME - FTL, MTG - MTO

Low-pressure steam gasification

<150 MW bio Municipal integ.

SNG, H2 + heat

Industrial partners: Andritz-Carbona, Foster Wheeler, Metso, UPM-Kymmene, NSE Biofuels, Fortum. Main financier: Tekes

HOT GAS FILTRATION Hot gas filtration R&D focused on filter blinding phenomenon. Experimental work with a bench-scale pressurised hot gas filtration unit ALMA. The main variables to be studied: Filtration temperature and pressure Particulate and tar concentrations Use of different sorbents and additives

Gasification T = 850 C

Hot gas filtration

Reforming of the filtered product gas T = 950 C

T = 550 C
Hot gas filtration T = 850 C Reforming of the filtered product gas T = 850 C

Gasification T = 850 C

Reforming of tars and light hydrocarbon gases

VTTs reformer is based on staged reforming without soot formation Different catalysts from alternative suppliers can be used Complete tar and C2-hydrocarbon conversion CH4 conversion depends on temperature, catalyst type and reactor volume
Catalyst B and C - Tar

100 90 80
Catalyst A - Tar Catalyst C CH4

100

80
60 CH4 conversion, %

Conversion, %

70
60 50 40
Catalyst B CH4

40 20
Catalyst A CH4
N.Kaisalo & P.Simell, Vetaani-project: laboratory results 2012

30
20 10 0 760

0
-20

810

860

910

T, C

BTL-reformer temp 950 C CH4 conv. 95 %

Woody biomass
GASIFICATION GAS CLEAN-UP MeOH, FT,

Purge gas

UPGRADING

Liquid fuel

Char/Ash

SNG-reformer temp 950 C --> 860 C CH4 conv. 95 % --> 30%

Woody biomass
GASIFICATION GAS CLEAN-UP SNG UPGRADING

Methane

Char/Ash

Indirect gasif. at 800oC CH4 95% / Filt. 550oC

Indirect gasif. at 800oC CH4 95% / Filt. 800oC

Indirect gasif. at 800oC CH4 30% / Filt. 800oC

Summary
New and successful CFB gasification projects for boiler applications
Proven and cost-efficient way to reduce CO2 emissions from coal power plants and fossil fuel fired kilns High efficiency Waste-to-Energy via gasification

Biomass to synfuels projects currently waiting for investment decisions

Process based on pressurised oxygen gasification with catalytic reforming is now techically proven at a relevant scale

Large scale needed to achieve feasible economics?

Indirect steam gasification

Potential to prove feasible at smaller scale

Interesting options for SNG and H2 production with tailored reforming concepts