Ryan Enriquez V-B Keplers Laws of Planetary Motion

November 12, 2013

1. The Law of Ellipses - The planets path is elliptical in shape, referenced to the sun, making the sun located as the focus. The Law of Equal Areas If an imaginary line is drawn from the center of the sun to the center of a planet, it will yield equal areas in equal measures of time.

The Law of Harmonies 1. The ratio of the squares of the squares of the periods to the cubes of their average distances from the sun is the same for every one of the planets. 3 a where P is the orbital period of the planet and a is the semi-major axis of the

P2
orbit.

For circular orbits: Where T is the period, G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the larger body, and R is the distance between centers of mass of the two bodies. Uniform Circular Motion 1. The direction of force in a uniform circular motion is directed towards the center of the circle, also called a centripetal force. The direction of acceleration is inwards as well, moving with a constant speed, but accelerating due to its change in direction. 2. F = mv2 / r where F is force, m is mass, v is velocity, and r is radius. 3. Centrifugal force is defined as an outward force acting on an object, but the concept being misled here is that some objects actually experience a lack of centripetal force, rather than the previous. For example, an object in a moving vehicle may appear to move when the vehicle turns into a curve, and this may be attributed to centrifugal forces. However, this is actually the lack of centripetal force, meaning the frictional force on the object is not strong enough to keep it in place, allowing it to follow a straight line rather than moving with the vehicle in its curve. Universal Law of Gravitation 1. Gravitational force is directly proportional to the mass of both interacting objects, more massive objects will attract each other with a greater gravitational force. Gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between two interacting objects, more separation will lead to weaker gravitational forces. 2. The earth exerts more gravitational force than the moon on the earth because of its mass. Because the mass of the earth is relatively larger than that of the moon, the earth will attract more the moon, having a greater gravitational force.
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circles/u6l3c.cfm http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/circmot/ucm.cfm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler's_laws_of_planetary_motion#Third_law http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circles/u6l4a.cfm http://regentsprep.org/regents/physics/phys06/bcentrif/centrif.htm