Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Extranjera (Ingls)
ndice
1. Descripcin de la unidad didctica
1.1. Introduccin 1.2. Destinatarios
1
1 1
2 3
3 3 3
4 6 7 9 10
1.2. Destinatarios
Las propuestas de la presente unidad didctica se han diseado para un nivel B2 segn el Marco Comn Europeo de Referencia para la Enseanza de Lenguas, correspondiente a un nivel intermedio alto. En muchos colegios e institutos, este nivel se toma como referencia para 1 de Bachillerato. Los conocimientos previos que se presuponen son aquellos correspondientes a la superacin de la etapa de Educacin Secundaria Obligatoria, es decir, una base gramatical slida y una riqueza lxica suficiente para comprender textos de prensa general as como extractos orales no especializados. Para el diseo, se tomar como referencia un grupo de 20 alumnos de 1 de bachillerato con un nivel B2. La unidad se desarrollar a lo largo de seis sesiones de 55 minutos, en un estadio intermedio del curso escolar.
3. Contenidos y metodologa
3.1. Contenidos
La presente unidad gira en torno al tema de la alimentacin y los hbitos saludables, as como los peligros que pueden suponer para la salud conductas nocivas como el consumo de tabaco.
3.2. Metodologa
En esta unidad se podrn distinguir dos partes, una primera en la que se harn actividades de reflexin con el grupo completo, a partir de imgenes o de textos orales o escritos, y la segunda en la que se abogar por un trabajo colaborativo para la elaboracin de un proyecto en la que se ceder el protagonismo del profesor a los alumnos. La unidad se dirigir desde un enfoque comunicativo, fomentando la participacin activa de los estudiantes y empleando como lengua vehicular en todo momento el ingls.
4. Actividades y temporalizacin
Se ofrece a continuacin la temporalizacin de actividades, cuyas consignas se darn durante la aplicacin la unidad en ingls:
Sesin 3: Every cigarette is making you damage Interaccin oral : Mostrar la imagen del Anexo III y pedir que entre todos se haga un anlisis, primero por parejas (5 min), y posteriormente puesta en comn grupal (5 min) de lo que muestra la imagen. Extraer en la pizarra el vocabulario relevante sobre el tabaco y las sustancias nocivas que aparece en la imagen (5 min). Comprensin oral: tomando como referencia la campaa Every cigarette is doind you damage [doingyoudamage.com], presentar los nombres de las enfermedades/afecciones causadas por el consumo de tabaco. Escuchar los videos de la campaa y relacionar cada uno con su ttulo. (10 min). visionar los videos, describir lo que refleja y comentar las impresiones en grupo (15 min). Expresin escrita : Por parejas, redactar un breve artculo para la revista del colegio sobre uno de estos temas: A) 10 razones por las que se debe prohibir el consumo de tabaco en sitios pblicos; o B) 10 motivos/consejos para dejar de fumar (15 min). Sesin 4: 10 Health Habits That Will Help You Live to 100 Comprensin lectora : a partir del texto de Anexo IV, quitar los ttulos de los apartados y entregar el texto. Presentar los ttulos en la pizarra y pedir que los asocien con los diferentes prrafos (15 min). Elaborar un cuadro en la pizarra con el lxico desconocido dividindolo en familias lxicas (alimentos, acciones diarias y hbitos, enfermedades ) (10 min). Expresin oral: por parejas, pedir que aadan, al menos, dos consejos a la lista y que la ordenen segn la prioridad que tienen para ellos las acciones indicadas (10 min). Puesta en comn de los consejos nuevos y de las prioridades (5 min). Preparacin del proyecto: por grupos, trabajarn en el diseo preliminar del proyecto. Sesin 5: Preparacin del proyecto En el aula de informtica, se juntarn los estudiantes por grupos y trabajarn en el proyecto final. Sesin 6: Presentaciones orales Se harn las presentaciones de los proyectos por grupos. Los 5 grupos dispondrn de 10 minutos cada uno. Al final de cada presentacin el profesor har los comentarios oportunos.
5. Recursos
Para el ptimo desarrollo de la presente unidad didctica ser conveniente que el aula est equipada con los siguientes recursos: Recursos materiales: Para el desarrollo de las sesiones, explicaciones y correccin de ejercicios: Pizarra y rotuladores/tizas Copias impresas de los textos y enunciados Copias de los criterios de evaluacin
Para la proyeccin de imgenes, del extracto de vdeo y la presentacin de proyectos: Can de proyeccin Altavoces Ordenador porttil Conexin a internet
Para la elaboracin del proyecto: Aula con ordenadores (al menos uno por grupo) Conexin a internet
Recursos personales: un nico docente ser capaz de guiar el desarrollo de la unidad, siempre que tenga unos conocimientos bsicos del manejo de las tecnologas de la informacin y la comunicacin. Recursos temporales: seis sesiones con una duracin de 55 minutos (dos semanas).
6. Evaluacin
Para la evaluacin de la presente unidad, se tendr en cuenta el desarrollo general de las tareas intermedias aunque las actividades se corregirn en clase con el grupo. La calificacin final se basar principalmente en un proyecto por grupos, en el que debern elaborar una campaa de promocin de hbitos saludables dirigida a los compaeros del colegio en ingls. Podrn elegir el formato que deseen: poster, mensaje de vdeo, audio, pgina web, etc. El proyecto se podr valorar segn los criterios siguientes:
ASPECTOS EVALUADOS
Se siguen las consignas dadas para la elaboracin El mensaje se expresa con correccin (gramtica) Se emplea un lxico adecuado (variado, apropiado) La ideas estn bien estructuradas El proyecto aporta ideas innovadoras El formato/soporte es atractivo para los compaeros Se ofrecen ejemplos Se justifican las ideas El registro es adecuado Se transmite un mensaje claro
Este modelo permite una puntuacin sobre 50 puntos (10 criterios con una valoracin del 1 al 5) y equivaldra a un 45% de la nota. Posteriormente, debern presentar su campaa al grupo, justificando su eleccin. Para evaluar la presentacin oral a la clase se puede emplear una tabla como la que se presenta a continuacin:
ASPECTOS EVALUADOS
Se expresa con claridad (se entiende lo que dice) Se expresa con correccin (gramtica) Emplea un lxico adecuado (variado, apropiado) Organiza bien las ideas / Estructura bien el discurso Hace pausas (titubea) / El ritmo es adecuado Mira a los compaeros cuando habla Comprueba que los compaeros comprenden lo que dice Pone ejemplos de las cosas que dice Usa soportes auxiliares (pizarra, etc.) para explicar Usa palabras en su lengua materna Gesticula al hablar (nada, poco, adecuado, demasiado) Lenguaje corporal (qu transmite con su cuerpo) El tema escogido es interesante Se nota que ha preparado la presentacin Suscita la atencin de los compaeros
Esta tabla permite una puntuacin sobre 75 puntos (15 criterios con una valoracin del 1 al 5) y podr equivaler a otro 45% de la nota. El 10% restante corresponder a una evaluacin continua del trabajo realizado en clase. Los criterios de evaluacin debern ser conocidos por los estudiantes desde el comienzo de la unidad y se les podr involucrar en la evaluacin de sus compaeros mediante un sistema de votaciones o de aplausos en el momento de las presentaciones, o incluso plantear los proyectos a modo de concurso.
7. Referencias bibliogrficas
BBC News. (2006). Pack-a-day crisp habit warning. 21 de septiembre de 2006. Recuperado de: [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/5367822.stm]. Consejo de Europa (2002). Marco comn europeo de referencia para las lenguas: aprendizaje, enseanza, evaluacin. Madrid: Secretara General Tcnica del Ministerio de Educacin, Cultura y Deporte, Subdireccin General de Informacin y Publicaciones, y Grupo Anaya S.A. Every cigarette is doing you damage. Autor y fecha no encontrados. Recuperado de: [http://doingyoudamage.com/index.htm] Spurlock, M. (2004). Super Size Me. Documental (96 min.) Estados Unidos The Globe and Mail (2009). Is your iPod damaging your hearing? 29 de septiembre de 2009. Recuperado de: [http://beta.images.theglobeandmail.com/archive/00253/Graphic_253043a.pdf] US News (2009). 10 Health Habits That Will Help You Live to 100. 20 de febrero de 2009. Recuperado de: [http://health.usnews.com/health-news/familyhealth/articles/2009/02/20/10-health-habits-that-will-help-you-live-to-100]
10
Anexo II
11
Anexo III
12
Anexo IV
10 Health Habits That Will Help You Live to 100
You don't need to eat yogurt and live on a mountaintop, but you do need to floss
By DEBORAH KOTZ, February 20, 2009 The biggest factor that determines how well you age is not your genes but how well you live. Not convinced? A new study published in the British Medical Journal of 20,000 British folks shows that you can cut your risk of having a stroke in half by doing the following four things: being active for 30 minutes a day, eating five daily servings of fruit and vegetables, and avoiding cigarettes and excess alcohol. While those are some of the obvious steps you can take to age well, researchers have discovered that centenarians tend to share certain traits in how they eat, move about, and deal with stress the sorts of things we can emulate to improve our own aging process. Of course, getting to age 100 is enormously more likely if your parents did. Heck, if your parents and grandparents were heavy smokers, they might have died prematurely without ever reaching their true potential lifespan, so go ahead and shoot for those triple digits. 1. Don't retire. "Evidence shows that in societies where people stop working abruptly, the incidence of obesity and chronic disease skyrockets after retirement," says Luigi Ferrucci, director of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. The Chianti region of Italy, which has a high percentage of centenarians, has a different take on leisure time. "After people retire from their jobs, they spend most of the day working on their little farm, cultivating grapes or vegetables," he says. "They're never really inactive." Farming isn't for you? Volunteer as a docent at your local art museum or join the Experience Corps, a program offered in 19 cities that places senior volunteers in urban public elementary schools for about 15 hours a week. 2. Floss every day. That may help keep your arteries healthy. A 2008 New York University study showed that daily flossing reduced the amount of gum-disease-causing bacteria in the mouth. This bacteria is thought to enter the bloodstream and trigger inflammation in the arteries, a major risk factor for heart disease. Other research has shown that those who have high amounts of bacteria in their mouth are more likely to have thickening in their arteries, another sign of heart disease. "I really do think people should floss twice a day to get the biggest life expectancy benefits," stresses Perls. 3. Move around. "Exercise is the only real fountain of youth that exists," says Jay Olshansky, a professor of medicine and aging researcher at the University of Illinois at Chicago. "It's like the oil and lube job for your car. You don't have to do it, but your car will definitely run better." Study after study has documented the benefits of exercise to improve your mood, mental acuity, balance, muscle mass, and bones. "And the benefits kick in immediately after your first workout," Olshansky adds. Don't worry if you're not a gym rat. Those who see the biggest payoffs are the ones who go from doing nothing to simply walking around the neighborhood or local mall for about 30 minutes a day. Building muscle with resistance training is also ideal, but yoga classes can give you similar strength-training effects if you're not into weight lifting.
13
4. Eat a fiber-rich cereal for breakfast. Getting a serving of whole-grains, especially in the morning, appears to help older folks maintain stable blood sugar levels throughout the day, according to a recent study conducted by Ferrucci and his colleagues. "Those who do this have a lower incidence of diabetes, a known accelerator of aging," he says. 5. Get at least six hours of shut-eye. Instead of skimping on sleep to add more hours to your day, get more to add years to your life. "Sleep is one of the most important functions that our body uses to regulate and heal cells," says Ferrucci. "We've calculated that the minimum amount of sleep that older people need to get those healing REM phases is about six hours." Those who reach the century mark make sleep a top priority. 6. Consume whole foods, not supplements. Strong evidence suggests that people who have high blood levels of certain nutrientsselenium, beta-carotene, vitamins C and Eage much better and have a slower rate of cognitive decline. Unfortunately, there's no evidence that taking pills with these nutrients provides those antiaging benefits. "There are more than 200 different carotenoids and 200 different flavonoids in a single tomato," points out Ferrucci, "and these chemicals can all have complex interactions that foster health beyond the single nutrients we know about like lycopene or vitamin C." Avoid nutrient-lacking white foods (breads, flour, sugar) and go for all those colorful fruits and vegetables and dark whole-grain breads and cereals with their host of hidden nutrients. 7. Be less neurotic. It may work for Woody Allen, who infuses his worries with a healthy dose of humor, but the rest of us neurotics may want to find a new way to deal with stress. "We have a new study coming out that shows that centenarians tend not to internalize things or dwell on their troubles," says Perls. "They are great at rolling with the punches." If this inborn trait is hard to overcome, find better ways to manage when you're stressed: Yoga, exercise, meditation, tai chi, or just deep breathing for a few moments are all good. Ruminating, eating chips in front of the TV, binge drinking? Bad, very bad. 8. Live like a Seventh Day Adventist. Americans who define themselves as Seventh Day Adventists have an average life expectancy of 89, about a decade longer than the average American. One of the basic tenets of the religion is that it's important to cherish the body that's on loan from God, which means no smoking, alcohol abuse, or overindulging in sweets. Followers typically stick to a vegetarian diet based on fruits, vegetables, beans, and nuts, and get plenty of exercise. They're also very focused on family and community. 9. Be a creature of habit. Centenarians tend to live by strict routines, says Olshansky, eating the same kind of diet and doing the same kinds of activities their whole lives. Going to bed and waking up at the same time each day is another good habit to keep your body in the steady equilibrium that can be easily disrupted as you get on in years. "Your physiology becomes frailer when you get older," explains Ferrucci, "and it's harder for your body to bounce back if you, say, miss a few hours of sleep one night or drink too much alcohol." This can weaken immune defenses, leaving you more susceptible to circulating flu viruses or bacterial infections. 10. Stay connected. Having regular social contacts with friends and loved ones is key to avoiding depression, which can lead to premature death, something that's particularly prevalent in elderly widows and widowers. Some psychologists even think that one of the biggest benefits elderly folks get from exercise the strong social interactions that come from walking with a buddy or taking a group exercise class. Having a daily connection with a close friend or family member gives older folks the added benefit of having someone watch their back.
14
Anexo V
15