Environment Baseline SURVEY Report For Nghi Son Refinery Petrochemical Complex

NGHI SON REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICAL
LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY

FINAL INTEGRATED REPORT
ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SURVEY
FOR PROJECT OF NGHI SON REFINERY AND
PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX

August 2008 and February & J une 2009

R & D CENTER FOR PETROLEUM SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT
September 2009


FINAL INTEGRATED REPORT

August 2008 and February & J une 2009

Project Owner Consultant of Preparing Report
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTCENTER FOR
PETROLEUM SAFETY & ENVIRONMENT

R & D CENTER FOR PETROLEUM SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT
September 2009

VIETNAM PETROLEUM INSTITUTE (VPI)
R&D CENTRE FOR PETROLEUM SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT (CPSE)

Report on

August 2008 and February & June 2009

CONTROL INFORMATION

Report No. NSF 07/08 Revision No. 02
Date of this revision September 2009 Copy No. 01 - English
Number of pages 140 Number of issued copies 10
Holder of this copy NSRP LLC

Work Responsibility
Metal analysis Msc. Pham Thi Trang Van
Hydrocarbon analysis Bsc. Phan Nhu Dinh
Water and gain size analysis Bsc. Nguyen Minh Khoa
Air analysis Bsc. Pham Minh Duc
Benthos analysis Bsc. Nguyen Trung Tinh
Biological result interpretation Bsc. Truong Thong
Report Illustrating Eng. Phung Dinh Lieu, Eng. Nguyen Van Anh
Reporting sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.1.1, 7.1.3,
7.2.1, 7.2.2, 7.2.4, 7.3.1, 7.3.3 and 8
Eng. Nguyen Van Anh
Reporting 7.1.2, 7.1.4, 7.2.3, 7.2.5, 7.3.2 and
7.3.4
Bsc. Truong Thong

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
2. BRIEF INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT -------------------------------------------------------------- 1
3. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE SURVEY------------------------------------------------------------ 2
4. SURVEY PROGRAM AND SAMPLING GRID----------------------------------------------------------- 2
4.1 Survey Program--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
4.2 Sampling Grid ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
5. ANALYSIS QUALITY CONTROL --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
5.1 Analysis Process Control --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
5.2 Rules Of Figure Representation In Summary Result Table-------------------------------------- 13
6. SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS ------------------------------------------------------------- 14
6.1 Sampling Methods ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
6.2 Analytical Method------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
7.1 Offshore Area------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22
7.2 Areas of Refinery Plant, Storage Terminal and Onshore Pipeline System 62
7.3 Coastal Area------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 98
8. CONCLUSION---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 129
9. REFERENCE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 134

ABBREVIATIONS
AAS Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Ba Barium
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
C Simpsons dominance index
Cd Cadmium
Cr Chromium
Cu Copper
CPI Carbon preference index
COD Chemical oxygen demand
CR Crustacea
CPSE Research Development Center for Petroleum Safety and Environment
DO Dissolved oxygen
EC Echinodermata
ES100 Expected number of species in a rarefied sample
GC Gas Chromatography
H(s) Shannon-Wiener information function
HMN Heptamethylnonane
Hg Mercury
Ind. Individual
J Pielous evenness index
MO Mollusca
N/D Naphthalenes/Dibenzothlophenes
NI Number of Individuals
NPD Naphthalenes - Phenanthrenes - Dibenzothiophenes
NS Number of Species
(NSRP-LLC) Nghi Son Refinery & Petrochemical Limited Liability Company
PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Pb Lead
P/D Phenanthrenes/Dibenzothiophenes
Ph. Phytane
Pr. Pristane
PC Polychaeata
Sq. Squalane
T Temperature
THC Total hydrocarbon content
TOM Total organic matters
TSS Total suspended solids
TOC Total Organic Carbon
TSP Total Suspended Particle
UCM Unresolved Complex Mixtures
Zn Zinc

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The report was carried out under the direction of
Dr. Vu Cong Thang Director of CPSE
Analytical Results Interpretation and Report Design by
Bui Hong Diem Deputy Manager of Environmental Chemistry Dept
Nguyen Van Anh Environmental Engineer
Metal Analysis by
Pham Thi Trang Van Master of Environmental Engineering
Ha Dinh Quyet Chemist
Dang Thi My Technician
Vu Manh Cuong Technician
Hydrocarbon Analysis by
Nguyen Van Mai Deputy Manager of Environmental Chemistry Dept
Phan Nhu Dinh Deputy Manager of Environmental Chemistry Dept
Ngo Mai Anh Environmental Engineer
Nguyen Quoc Trung Chemist
Nguyen Nhu Truong Chemical Engineer
Pham Thach Anh Technician
Pham Vu Viet Duong Technician

Sediment Grain Size and Water Characteristic Analyses by
Nguyen Minh Khoa Chemist
Pham Thanh Thuy Chemist
Air Analysis by
Pham Minh Duc Chemist
Tran Quoc Thuan Chemist
Hoang Minh Hung Chemist
Benthic Identification by
Nguyen Trung Tinh Biologist
Biological Results Interpretation
Truong Thong Biologist
Data Handling and Computation by
Nguyen Van Anh Environmental Engineer
Phung Dinh Lieu Chemical Engineer

ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SURVEY REPORT Page 1 of 141
FOR NGHI SON REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX Final Report

CPSE September, 2009
1. INTRODUCTION

According to the contract for provision of Environmental impact assessment (EIA) and Environmental
Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical Complex Project signed on
16 July 2008 between Nghi Son Refinery & Petrochemical Limited Liability Company (NSRP-LLC) and
Research Development Center for Petroleum Safety and Environment (CPSE), two baseline
environmental surveys for Project of Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical Plant were carried out in the
rainy and dry seasons in order to assess the environment and social baseline conditions in the vicinity of
the project area at the time of undertaking the EIA report.

2. BRIEF INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT

The NSRP project is located in the Nghi Son Economic Zone, Tinh Gia District, Thanh Hoa Province. It is
200km south of Ha Noi and about 80km north of Vinh city (Nghe An Province). The total project area is
approximately 394ha, while the plant itself will occupy proximately 328ha. Marine facilities include an SPM,
Crude import pipeline, product loading jetties, seawater outfall pipeline and breakwater.

The refinery will process 200,000 BPSD of imported Kuwait Export Crude (KEC) oil. The fuels section of
the refinery includes Residue Hydrodesulphurisation and Residue Catalytic Cracking as the main
upgrading units. The refinery is integrated with petrochemical production. The Aromatics Complex
produces Paraxylene and Benzene. A key product from the Residue Catalytic Cracker Unit is Propylene
which is used to produce Polypropylene product.

The products produced include the following:
- LPG
- Gasoline 92/ 95 RON
- Kerosene / Jet A-1
- Diesel Premium and Regular
- Paraxylene / Benzene
- Polypropylene
- Sulphur

The refinery includes all process units and associated utilities, offsite and infrastructure facilities to support
the refinery operations.

- Complete utility facilities designed to meet the refinerys demands for cooling water, fuels, power,
steam, water, instrument and plant air, inert gas, etc.
- Offsite facilities including storage for feedstocks plus intermediate and final products as well as
systems for import and export of feed and products.
- Other offsite facilities including flare, effluent treatment, firewater, interconnecting piping and
pipelines, etc.
- Marine facilities include an SPM/ Crude import line and product loading jetties.

The Environmental Design Basis document defines the environmental performance criteria required to
achieve compliance with Vietnamese laws and regulations, protocols and conventions which signed by
Vietnam, Petrovietnam guidelines and World Bank/International Finance Corporation and applicable
international guidelines and regulations. The plant and associated facilities is designed to high
environmental standards, and aims to minimize emissions to air, water and land.


These requirements are detailed in Doc. No. 3550 -8150-SP-0001, Environmental Design Basis, issued
separately.

3. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE SURVEY

According to Vietnamese Standards applied to EIA reporting, which is approved by MONRE and in
regards to international standards applied to projects which are financed by the IFC (International Finance
Corporation), or World Bank, two baseline environmental surveys for the Nghi Son Refinery and
Petrochemical Plant project were carried out in the dry and rainy seasons to determine the status of the
ambient environment in the project area. The principle environmental parameters outlines in this survey
are bottom sediment quality, soil quality, ambient air quality, surface water quality and ground water
quality.

Using relevant documents and authorized materials provided by NSRP-LLC and the Environmental
Department of CPSE, this report presents the results from the surveys in the dry and rainy seasons and
provides comments regarding the environment in the surrounding areas of Nghi Son Refinery and
Petrochemical Plant.

All the analytical results of this report will be compared with National technical regulations, Vietnamese
standards and IFC guidelines.

The results of the baseline surveys will also be reported to relevant authorities in accordance with legal
requirements.

4. SURVEY PROGRAM AND SAMPLING GRID

4.1 Survey program

The baseline environmental monitoring survey programs in the dry and rainy seasons were carried out on
August 2008, February and June 2009. The field sampling team was comprised of eight CPSE members
headed by Mr. Phan Nhu Dinh.

Table 1.1 Sample inventory of the surveys

First survey Second survey Third survey
Total
sample
of three
surveys

Location

Type of
sample

Object /
station
Sample/
station
Total of
sample
Sample/
station
Total of
sample
Sample/
station
Total of
sample
Total
TSP
9/8 72 9/8 72 3/3 9
144
PM10
9/8 72 9/8 72 24/3 72
144
CO
9/8 72 9/8 72 8/3 24
144
NOX
9/8 72 9/8 72
144
SOX
9/8 72 9/8 72 3/3 9
144
H2S
9/8 72 9/8 72
144
VOC
9/8 72 9/8 72
144
Air
environment
Air
Benzen
9/8 72 9/8 72
144


Total
sample
of three
surveys

Location

Type of
sample

Object /
station
Sample/
station
Total of
sample
Sample/
station
Total of
sample
Sample/
station
Total of
sample
Total
Xylen
9/8 72 9/8 72
144
Noise
9/8 72 15/8 120 -/8
192
Vibration
9/8 72 15/8 120 -/8
192
Noise
contour

Noise and
vibration
15/21 315 -/21

Temp 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83
178
pH 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83
178
Salinity 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83
178
DO 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83
178
BOD 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83
178
TSS 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83
178
Total N 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83
178
Total P 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83
178
NO2
-
1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83
178
NO3
-
1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83
178
NH4
+
1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83
178
THC 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83
178
CN
-
1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83
178
Phenol 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83
178
Metals 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83
178
Zooplankton 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83
178
Water
quality
Phytoplankton 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83
178
THC 3/12 36 3/34 102 3/24 72
210
Grain size
distribution
3/12 36 3/34 102 3/24 72
210
Metals 3/12 36 3/34 102 3/24 72
210
Offshore
(SPM,
submarine
pipeline,
shipping
chanel)
Sediment
Benthos 3/12 36 3/34 102 3/24 72
210
Temp 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4
44
pH 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4
44
Salinity 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4
44
BOD 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4
44
TSS 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4
44
Total N 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4
44
Total P 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4
44
NH4+ 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4
44
CN- 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4
44
Refinery,
product
export,
onshore
pipeline
Water
quality
Oil & Grease 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4
44


Total
sample
of three
surveys

Location

Type of
sample

Object /
station
Sample/
station
Total of
sample
Sample/
station
Total of
sample
Sample/
station
Total of
sample
Total
TOC 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4
44
Benzen
2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4
44
Phenol
2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4
44
Metals 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4
44
Coliform 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4
44
Zooplankton 1/9 9 1/11 11 2/2 4
24
Phytoplankton 1/9 9 1/11 11 1/2 4
24
THC 3/9 27 3/11 33 3/2 6
66
Grain size
distribution
3/9 27 3/11 33 3/2 6
66
Metals 3/9 27 3/11 33 3/2 6
66
Sediment
Benthos 3/9 27 3/11 33 3/2 6
66
pH 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2
14
Mineral Oil
and fat
1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2
14
COD 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2
14
Color 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2
14
Hardness 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2
14
TDS 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2
14
Cl- 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2
14
NH4+ 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2
14
NO3- 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2
14
SO4 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2
14
Benzen 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2
14
CN
-
1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2
14
Metals 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2
14
Phenol 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2
14
Feacal coli 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2
14
Ground
water
Water
quality
Coliform 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2
14
THC 2/8 16 2/9 18 2/1 2
36
TOM 2/8 16 2/9 18 2/1 2
36
Soil
environment
Soil
Metals 2/8 16 2/9 18 2/1 2
36


Surveyed parameters are as follows:

Seabed sediment samples of offshore area
- Particle size distribution
- Hydrocarbons (total oil content, hydrocarbon elements)
- Trace metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg, V)

Seabed sediment samples oft onshore and coastal areas
- Particle size distribution
- Hydrocarbons (total oil content, hydrocarbon elements)
- Trace metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Fe, Hg)

Benthic samples
- Taxon identification, biomass determination

Surface water samples oft offshore area
- On board measuring (DO, pH, Temperature, salinity)
- TSS, BOD, COD, Total N, Total P, NH
4
+
, NO
3
-
, NO
2
-
, CN
-
, THC, Phenol, SO
4
2-
(at 7 stations only)
- Metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg, Fe)

Surface water samples oft onshore and coastal areas
- On board measuring (pH, Temperature, salinity)
- TSS, BOD, THC, NH
4
+
, SO
4
2-
, COD, Total N, Total P, CN-, TOC, Total Oil and grease, Benzene,
Phenol, Coliform
- Metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg, Fe and V for onshore area only)

Ground water samples
- pH, Color, Hardness
- TDS, COD, SO
4
2-
, Cl-, NH
4
+
, CN
-
, NO
3
-
, Mineral oil and fat, Benzene, Phenol, Coliform, Fecal
coliform.
- Metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg, Fe, Mn)

Plankton samples
- Taxon identification, biomass determination

Air samples
- TSP, PM10, CO, NOx, SOx, H
2
S, THC, Benzene, Xylene Noise, Vibration
Soil samples
- THC
- TOM
- Metals (Hg, Cd, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cr, Cu)

4.2 Sampling grid

The initial sampling grid (see Fig. 1.1), including sampling stations and corresponding locations was
designed based on Petrovietnam Guideline for environmental monitoring in the vicinity of onshore
petroleum projects.


Table 1.2 Co-ordinates of sampling stations

Station No. Location Y (m) X (m)
B-1 Bang river mouth 582403 2145255
B-2 Bang river 580628 2145943
B-3 Discharging site of projects surface materials 580881 2142931
B-4 Treated wastewater discharging site of refinery plan 583207 2141610
B-5 Intake cooling water site for refinery plant 583467 2140543
B-6 Cooling water discharging site for refinery plant 583630 2139896
B-7 585726 2136850
B-8 585882 2135532
B-9
Around treated wastewater discharging site of product
export berth
586049 2134913
B-10 In the middle area between B1 and B4 582736.2 2143735.6
Surface water,
bottom
Sediment and
biological
community at
received
environment of
discharged
effluents
B-11 Close to Nghi Son fishing village 586893.4 2138191.2
K-1 595662 2143171
K-2
Close to crude shipping channel (Me islet)
594440 2139681
K-3 Single point mooring (SPM) 596385 2143282
K-4 Mieng island 595199 2142263
K-7
Sea gate connecting Nghi Son cement jetty to export
product berth
586110 2139096
K-8 Close to Nghi Son fishing village (floating fish cage) 585387 2138651
K-9 Turning basin of export product berth 585714 2135279
K-10 586340 2134219
K-11 587569 2132741
K-12
Shipping channel to export product berth
588187 2132357
E-1 585762.76 2143557.49
E-2 588461.64 2144867.48
E-3 592060.14 2146614.13
E-4 595984.88 2148519.14
E-5 610800.35 2150864.72
E-6 619621.00 2152261.20
E-7 610969.00 2147829.16
E-8 623391.97 2147257.12
E-9 613487.41 2144316.58
E-10 623522.01 2141907.16
E-11 605454.85 2145306.70
E-12 615673.93 2141840.15
E-13 621035.21 2153675.41
E-14 624806.18 2148671.33
E-15 624936.22 2143321.37
E-16 622107.80 2140492.95
E-17
Along crude pipeline and 4 SPMs
614259.72 2140425.94
Sediment and
surface water at
single point
mooring (SPM),
submarine
crude oil
pipeline and
shipping
channel
E-18 Along new access channel 584413.33 2141702.50


Station No. Location Y (m) X (m)
E-19 588911.45 2142585.81
E-20 592509.95 2144332.47
E-21 593863.2 2140144.1
E-22 595216.1 2139207.4
E-23 598120.3 2139050.7
E-24
Around Me archipelago
598088.3 2141721.9
G-1 579714 2139604
G-2
Refinery plant area
581571 2140920
G-3 Along pipeline system 583088 2139762
G-4 Nghi Son fishing village 586212 2135223
G-5 Product export berth 586042 2138253
G-6 At the east of refinery plant near the beach 582102.0 2141271.0
Ground samples
G-7 Refinery plant area 581014.7 2141872.5
D-1 Discharging site of projects surface materials 580881 2142931
D-2 Future extension 579697 2140014
D-3 579714 2139604
D-4 581571 2140920
D-5
Refinery plant area
581919 2140049
D-6 Along pipeline system 583088 2139762
D-7 Nghi Son fishing village 586212 2135223
D-8 Product export berth 586042 2138253
Soil samples
D-9 Refinery plant area 581014.7 2141872.5
A-1 Populated area near Bang river 581809 2145674
A-2 Populated area of Hai Yen commune 581262 2142614
A-3 581571 2140920
A-4
Refinery plant area
579741 2139607
A-5 School area of Mai Lam commune 582102 2141271
A-6 Along product pipeline system 583085 2139745
A-7 Nghi Son fishing village 586207 2135224
Air samples
A-8 Product export berth 586274 2138406
Grid: UTM
Datum: VN2000



Figure 1.1 Sampling Stations of the Survey

expansion
ar ea
t r mbin
ap
220/110KV
cul au
ung hmqua ni
h
qu
sn
f ut ur e
x
mai l m
wsw
w
sw
s
ssw sse
e
ese
se
wnw
n
nnw
nw
nne
ene
ne
ung ng xut sn phm
vt r mai l m
hn v t
gul f
chn c t
l ung vo bn xut sn phm
bn s 1&2 cng Nghi sn
bn xut sn phml ng
bn phc v xy dng - xut sn phmr n
bn t u phc v ca cng
ni xu c
ni chut t r
nh m y xim ng
nghi sn
t r mbin p- power st at ion 110/22KV
o
nghi
sn
t onkin
hn gc
hn ming
vNGNEOTU
D=1000M
SCALE:ASA
t ng mt bng khu l i n h p l c ha du nghi sn
l ung vo bn nhp du t h
hi yn vil l age
nhp du t h t uyn ung ng
sng b ng
hn bng hn hp
bn nhp du t h
hn vang
hn m
honme
over al L sit e pl an of nghi son r ef inEr y and
pet r ochemical compl ex
ent r ance channel of impor t ber t h
submar ine cr ude oil pipel ine
bong isl and
pr oduct expor t pipel ine
l iquid pr oduct expor t
ber t hs
nghi son isl and
t ug ber t hs
ber t h f or const r uct ion wor k and sol id
pr oduct expor t
ber t h exist no1 and No2
embankment
ent r ance channel of pr oduct expor t ber t hs
ng
bin
nghi son cement
f act or y
TRu mount ain
power
st at ion
220/110KV
que
son
l ake
m r ng
khu vc
mai l amvil l age
x hi yn
isl and hop
isl and goc
isl and mieng
isl and vat
isl and vang
Hai t huong
mai l amSit e
DWG: No3-01
Cac tram lay mau nc mat, tram tch ay va sinh hoc - Ngoai khi (Tong so: 12 tram)
Cac tram lay mau nc mat, tram tch ay va sinh hoc - Tren b (Tong so: 09 tram)
Cac tram lay mau nc ngam (Tong so: 05 tram)
Cac tram lay mau kh va tieng on (Tong so: 08 tram)
Cac tram lay mau at (Tong so: 08 tram)
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
K6
K7
K8
K9
K10
K11
K12
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
A1
A2
A4
A3
A5
A6
A7
A8
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D7
D6
D8
BangRiver BangRiver BangRiver
XuocMountain
NghiSonCementFactory
Submarinecrudeoilpipeline
Productexportpipeline
Liquidproductexportberths
Tugberths
Berthforconstructionworkand
BerthexistNo.1andNo.2
Entrancechannelofproductexportberths
Embarkment
NghiSonisland
Crudeoilimportberth
Bongisland Hopisland
Gocisland
Entrancechannelofimportberth
Meisland
Vangisland
Miengisland
Vatisland
Tonkin
Gulf
Surfacewater,sedimentandbiologysamplingstationsOffshore(Total:12stations)
Surfacewater,sedimentandbiologysamplingstationsOnshore(Total:12stations)
Groundwatersamplingstations(Total:05stations)
Airandnoisesamplingstations(Total:08stations)
Soilsamplingstations(Total:08stations)


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Figure 1.2 Original Stations for Noise and Vibration at the Project Area



Figure 1.3 Stations for Noise and Vibration at the Boundary of Plant area

5. ANALYSIS QUALITY CONTROL

5.1 Analysis process control

The Quality Management System of the CPSE Laboratory has been established and operated in
compliance with the requirements of the International Quality System ISO 9001-2000. The Quality System
assures that all services/products supplied by CPSE are always of the highest quality. Storage and
preservation of samples and chemicals are carefully controlled. Incoming chemicals are inspected for
specifications that are based on the quality standard of chemicals established by CPSE laboratory.
Instruments/equipments used in analytical processes are periodically checked and verified so that they are
always maintained in good condition. Quality documents are continuously improved and the latest
documents are always available to staff during implementing quality control measures. Quality records
including analytical data are followed up and controlled carefully.

A regular and strict laboratory quality control (QC) program was followed in this project to ensure the
highest reliable analytical data. The QC program consists of following factors:

Field work information

The minimum requirement for on site information recorded during field work is as follows:
- Personnel dealing with sampling work and assigned duty
- Project and sample identification codes
- Field work itinerary
- Meteorological observation (on a daily basis)
Joint point of soft
pipeline to crude oil
import berth
Border post at
Nghi Son Port


- Sampling station geographical co-ordinates
- Sampling date and time
- Obtained samples description
- Sampling depth
- Parameters to be analysed in-situ

Sample storage

Samples are contained in tight containers made of available materials to prevent outside contamination.

Table 1.3 Sample preservation and storage conditions

Parameter Container Preservation Storage
Water samples
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) Plastic bottle - Keep in freezer
Total Suspended Substances Plastic bottle - Normal
Total Hydrocarbon Content Glass bottle Acidified with H
2
SO
4
1:1 (pH ~ 2) Keep in cool place
Metals Plastic bottle
Acidified with concentrated HNO
3

(pH ~ 2)
Keep in cool place
Total Nitrogen Plastic bottle - Keep in freezer
Ammonia (NH
4
+
) Plastic bottle - Keep in freezer
Total Phosphorus Plastic bottle - Keep in freezer
Cl
-
, SO
4
2-
Glass bottle - Keep in cool place (4
o
C)
Chlorine Glass bottle - Keep in cool place (4
o
C)
Plankton Plastic jar Formalin solution 5% Normal
Sediment/soil samples
Particle size Distribution Plastic bag
-
Normal
Hydrocarbon compositions Glass jar
-
Keep in freezer
Metals Plastic jar
-
Keep in freezer
Biological Analysis
Benthic fauna Plastic jar Formalin solution 5% Normal
Zooplankton Plastic jar Formalin solution 5% Normal
Phytoplankton Plastic jar Formalin solution 5% Normal
Air sample
NO
2
, SO
2
, H
2
S
Glass tube with
tightened cover
-
Keep in cool place (4
o
C)

CO Glass bottle - Normal
Dust Plastic jar - Normal

Analytical procedures

All analytical processes applied in the laboratory are the internationally accepted standard methods for
environmental analyses:


- American Public Health Association, Standard methods for the examination of water and
wastewater, 19thEd.1995

The analytical processes are adopted and documented as directing working instructions of the laboratory

Certification of Operator Competence

All analysts must be trained and qualified prior to implementation analyses or operation of analytical
equipment.

Analysis of Reagent Blanks

Analyzing reagent blanks whenever new reagents are used and as often as required in specific methods.
These monitor the purity of the reagent and the overall procedural blank.

Analysis of Duplicates

Analyzing duplicate is performed in order to assess the precision of analysis. The analytical data will be
accepted if the divergence of analytical results is within acceptable limits. The precision is assessed by the
value of the relative percent difference (R)
of duplicates. If the R-value of duplicates in a sample batch

exceeds the acceptable value, the effected samples in this batch must be reanalyzed.

Maintenance of control charts

Control charts are essential tools for quality control. Two types of control charts are used in the RDCPSE
laboratory: Range and Means charts. A control sample is the sample collected and homogenized from
seabed sediment samples. It has been used to control the analytical procedures. Analytical elements,
which are quantitatively controlled in this report, are as follows:

- Heavy metals

Heavy metals QC samples include duplicate analyses (equal to 10% of the sample batch) and control
sample analyses (once a month). The relative percent difference (R-value) associated with the
duplication experiments must be less than 30%. The R-values of control sample are used to construct
R charts.

- Grain size

QC procedure for the grain size analysis involves in analysis of 10% of the sediment samples in
duplicate and assessment of variability in the measurements. The relative percent difference for the
duplicate analyses is considered to be acceptable if it does not exceed 30%. Mean and R charts are
constructed from the R-values of duplicates of control sample.

- Hydrocarbon and PAH Analyses

Batches of 10 sediment samples are processed in the laboratory. Each batch is accompanied by
procedural blank and duplicate samples. The relative percent difference for the duplicate analyses is
acceptable if it meet the requirements of the QC procedure for hydrocarbon and PAH analysis. The R-
values of the control sample were used to set up mean and R charts. Experimental instruments are
periodically verified for GC/FID and autotuned for GC/MS. The obtained verification values are
required to meet the criteria of HP manufacturer. If these criteria are not satisfied, the instruments


shall be corrected. Samples which do not meet these criteria are reviewed by the analyst and the
Laboratory Manager prior to acceptance of data.

- Total Oil Content (UVF)

Similar to hydrocarbon and PAH analyses, 10% of duplicate and 10% of procedural blanks are
analyzed. The relative percent difference for the duplicate analysis is considered to be acceptable if it
does not exceed 30%. The RF-1501 instrument used for determination of total oil content is also
verified every six months.

- Water analysis

Ten percent of duplicates are analyzed for all water physico-chemical analyses. The relative percent
differences for the duplicate measurements are considered to be acceptable if they do not exceed
30%.

5.2 Rules of figure representation in summary result table

Analytical results for each station is calculated from those of the corresponding replicates. The result
consists of the average value accompanies with its standard deviation. The rule for rounding number of
the decimals for each station result is based on significant digits stipulated by its variation coefficient
calculated from reproduction of the result.

(*) Relative percent difference

6. SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS

6.1 Sampling methods

All sampling methods were based on Guidelines for environmental monitoring in the vicinity of onshore
petroleum projects in Vietnam promulgated by Petrovietnam in July 2006.

Sediment sample

Seabed sediment was collected using a Day Grab with a sampling area of 0.1 m
2
. Sediment samples were
then sub-sampled into suitable containers for analyses of particle size distribution, metals, hydrocarbons
and other analyses. The sediment samples were kept in a freezer at approximately -20
o
C until analyzed.
Grab samples for benthic macro faunal analysis, to be acceptable, must be filled at least two third of the
grab volume. Benthic macro faunal samples were screened with a 1.0-mm mesh sieve. The materials
retained by the sieve were fixed with 5% stained formalin.

Water sample

Water samples were collected at 5m depth using a bathometer. Sub samples for metal analysis were fixed
by nitric acid and sub samples for oil content analysis were fixed by sulfuric acid.
% 100 .
2
) (
2 1
2 1
X X
X X
R
+
=


Parameters of DO, pH and Salinity are measured directly in sampling field by Water Quality Checker
WQC-A22, TOA, Japan and Oxygen Meter WTW -OXI-196 - Germany.

Phytoplankton

Fifty liters of water were taken at a depth of 0.5 m and filtered through a net of 25m mesh. Organisms
remaining on the net and bucket were carefully washed and transferred into 250 ml plastic bottles with 5%
stained formaline.

Zooplankton

Zooplankton samples are taken by 80 m Juday net with flow meter attached for water volume
determination. The samples were then carefully washed and transferred into 250 ml plastic bottles with 5%
stained formaline.

Air samples

For NO
2
, SO
2
, H
2
S

Absorption of the specified gas present in the air sample by passage through a solution within a specified
period resulting in the formation of a mixture of complexes, the solution was then transferred to the
laboratory to be analyzed. Desaga gas samplers were used with pre-installed air temperature, volume and
pressure control unit.

For CO, Suspended particulate matter and Total hydrocarbon

A volume of five-hundred milliliters air sample was taken and contained in a glass bottle, 1 ml of PdCl
2
1
was added then; this mixture of air-chemical was preserved by tightened cover. Suspended particulate
matter and lead present in ambient air wereobtained by filter paper. In addition, a volume of at least 250ml
was also taken by appropriate gas syringe for total hydrocarbon content determination. All of these
samples were then moved to the laboratory for corresponding analyses.

Parameters of noise and vibration were measured on-site by Noise and Vibration Integrator-Quest
Technologies USA.

6.2 Analytical method

6.2.1 Hydrocarbon Analysis

Extraction and fractionation of hydrocarbons

The samples were stored in glass bottles at 20
o
C until extraction and analysis. When being analyzed, the
sample was defrosted, homogenized, and sub-sampled for analysis. The exact amount of
heptamethylnonane (HMN.), chlorooctadecane (COD.), squalane (Sq.), d
8
-naphthalene, d
10
-anthracene,
d
12
-chrysene and d
12
-pyrene were added to the sediment as internal standards prior to extraction. The
sediment sample was extracted with a mixture of petroleum ether and iso-propanol (1:4 v/v) using Soxhlet
apparatus. The extract was rinsed by distilled water to reject iso-propanol and determined Total
Hydrocarbon Content (THC) by GC method. The extract was cleaned by a silica gel column and then


fractionated by an alumina column. The aliphatic fraction was then analyzed by GC method and the
aromatic fraction was analyzed by GC-MS method.

Gas Chromatography

The aliphatic fraction was examined by gas chromatography (GC) under the following conditions:

Instrument : Hewlett Packard 6890
Injector : Grob Split/splitless at 310
o
C
Column : HP1 Part No. 19091Z 413
Capillary 60m x 250m x 0.25mm nominal 325
o
C Max
Temperature : 50-280
o
C at 4
o
C/min, 280
o
C for 60 min
Detector : Flame ionization
Carrier gas : Nitrogen
Data handling : HP Chemstation Version 4.2

Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

The aromatic fraction was analyzed by GC-MS using a GC-HP 6890 and MS-HP 5972A under the
following conditions:

Column : HP5MS part No.19091S-433
Capillary 60m x 0.25mm x 0.25m film thickness
Injector : Split/splitless at 300
o
C
Temperature : 50
o
C for 3 min. then 50
o
C

100
o
C at 20
o
C/min.
100
o
-280
o
C at 4
o
C/min 280
o
C for 50 min.
Carrier gas : Helium
Ion source : 280
o
C
Electron energy : 70eV
MS mode : SIM (Selected Ion Monitoring)

6.2.2 Metal Analysis

Sample preparation

For almost metals (except mercury)

Field moist sample were stored in a freezer, then defrosted and homogenized. Approximately 25g of field
moist sample was taken and oven-dried at temperature below 100
o
C until dry. The sample was then finely
ground to at least 99% passing through 125m sieve. After thoroughly mixing, a sub sample of
approximately 0.3 g (to the nearest 0.001 g) of ground sample was taken for digestion. The sub sample
was dissolved with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid. The dissolved sample
solution was heated at approx. 200
o
C to remove the overused acids. Finally, it was filtered and made up to
25 ml with distilled water for AAS analysis.

For mercury

A sub sample of approximately 1.5 g (to the nearest 0.001 g) was taken after thoroughly ground and mixed
as described above. The sub sample was digested by a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and perchloric
acid at temperature below 80
o
C until the reactions completed. Then the dissolved sample solution was
filtered and made up to 25 ml with distilled water.


AAS analysis

The normal metal (except for mercury) analysis was performed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)
using an automated Shimadzu AA-6501S Spectrophotometer in the flame mode by calibration standard
method with appropriate wavelengths. The mercury analysis was determined by Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometry with cold vapor technique.

Polarography Analysis

Some trace metals in seawater (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn) were analyzed by differential pulse polarography using
Polarographic Analyzer CPA-HH1.

6.2.3 Sediment Grain Size Distribution

Grain size has been expressed using the phi () scale where = -log
2
d (d means diameter of the particle
in mm). Grain size distribution of the sediments was analyzed by a combination of wet and dry sieving
(Buchanan, 1984) for particles larger than 4 (63 m) in diameter and by particle size laser instrument for
material smaller than 4.

- Sample pre-treatment
Approximately 100 g sediment sample was treated by hydrogen peroxide for removing the organic
matter. After that, the sample was wet-sieved on a 63m (4) mesh sieve to separate sample into two
fractions, coarse fraction and fine fraction.

- Particles larger than 4
The fraction coarser than 4 was dried to constant weight at 105
o
C. After drying the sample was
sieved, with mesh size of sieves ranging from -1 to 4 at 1 intervals. The sieves were
automatically shaken by a Fritsch Analysette 3 shaker (Germany) for ten minutes, and then the
fractions retained at each size-class were collected and weighed to the nearest 0.0001g.

- Particles smaller than 4

This fraction was graduated to 1000ml with distilled water, pipetted 25 ml then dried at 105
o
C and
weighed for determining the weight of this fraction. The distribution of 6 size-classes (from 5 to 10)
in this fraction was determined using a Fritsch Analysette 22 Laser Particle Sizer (Germany).

- Data analysis

The data from the sieving and laser method were combined and analyzed by a computerized
Moment method. The Moment measures the grain size distribution in terms of phi mean, phi
standard deviation, phi skewness and phi kurtosis. This method has the advantage over graphical
techniques in that all of distribution data are used in computation and not just a few points on the
cumulative curve.


6.2.4 Benthic Macro fauna Analysis

Analysis for each sample in the whole sample batch was separately performed. The results were
presented in the report as detailed figures for each sample as well as combined results from 5 grabs of
samples at each station.

Each sample was washed on a 1mm-mesh sieve in order to remove preservative and any remaining fine
sediment. All animals in the retained material were picked out under bright light. The organisms were
identified to the lowest practicable taxon and counted where appropriate. Colonial organisms (e.g.
hydroids and bryozoans), attached epifaunal taxa (e.g. barnacles) and foraminiferans were recorded for
qualitative purpose only.

The pooled data for each station were subjected to the following analyses:

Calculation of diversity and dominance indices

These combine and summarize, in a single value, two important aspects of community structure; firstly
species or taxon richness and secondly the comparative abundance of each taxon (evenness or
equability). For each station, three indices commonly used in macro benthic studies were calculated:

Shannon-Wiener information function, H(s)

Where C = 3.321928 (constant used in converting log
10
to log
2
)
N = the total number of individual
n
i
= the number of individuals in the i
th
species
s = the total number of species

Pielous evenness index, J

Where H(s) = the Shannon-Wiener information function
H(max) = the theoretical maximum value for H(s) if all
species in the sample are equally abundant.

Expected number of species in a rarefied sample ESI

Where: ESI Expected number of species in a sample of I individuals
S Total number of species in original sample
I Total number of individuals in hypothetical sample
Ic Total number of individuals in original sample
Ij Number of individuals in species j of original sample

H(s)=
Nlog
10
N - n
i
log
10
n
i

} { E
s
i=1
C
N
H(max.)
J =
H(s)
ESI = S -
(Ic)
-1

I
(Ic-Ij)
I
s
. E
i=1


6.2.5 Water parameters

Total suspended solids
A quantity of 500 ml of sample is filtered through a 0.45 m filter paper. The residue retained on the filter
paper is dried to constant weight at 103 105
o
C. The increase of weight of the filter paper represents total
suspended solids in water.

Total hydrocarbon content
A water sample is extracted by dichloromethane and the total hydrocarbon content is determined by UVF
technique using Bach Ho standard oil.

Metals

Certain trace metals in water (Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd) are identified by differential pulse polarography using
Polarographic Analyzer CPA-HH1. Other metals are identified by the AAS method.

Total Nitrogen Analysis
A 20 ml test water sample is taken into a 50 ml digestion flask. The sample is then added 10 ml of the
K
2
S
2
O
8
solution and digested in an autoclave at 110
o
C for 20 minutes to convert total nitrogen composition
to anion NO
3
-
. The solution is then transferred to a 100 ml volumetric flask. The digestion flask is then
washed with distilled water and the flask is filled with this water. After dilution the solution is used for
determination of nitrate using cadmium reductor column, nitrate is reduced to nitrite. In the determination
of nitrite 2ml reagent mixture is used which consists of N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride.
After 20 minutes of reaction, the solution is measured its absorbance at wave length of 543 nm using
spectrophotometer Shimazdu UV-1201.

Total Phosphorus Analysis
Pour 25 ml of sample into a 100 ml digestion flask. 5 ml of the K
2
S
2
O
8
solution is then added to the sample
and digested in an autoclave at 120
o
C for 30 minutes to convert phosphorus to PO
4
3-
. Transfer the solution
to a 50 ml volumetric flask. In the determination of phosphate 8ml reagent mixture is used which consists
of H
2
SO
4
, (NH
4
)
2
MoO
4
, ascorbic acid and Antimonyl potassium tartrate. After 30 minutes of reaction the
solution is measured its absorbance at 882 nm by Spectrophotometer Shimazdu UV-1201.

Ammoniumanalysis
The sample is pretreated with ZnSO
4
prior to direct Nesslerization. Pour 20 ml of pretreated sample into
50ml flask. The N-NH
4
+
is determined by reacting with Nessler reagent which consists of HgCl
2
, KI, NaOH
to form a yellow complex. Add 2ml of Nessler reagent and fill this into the volumetric flask. After 20
minutes of reaction the solution is measured its absorbance at wave length of 425 nm using
spectrophotometer Shimazu UV-1201.

Biochemical oxygen demand analysis

The biochemical oxygen demand is determined by measuring of initial dissolved oxygen (DO) of the
sample and the final DO after a 5 days period of incubation.



Phenol Analysis
Phenols were distilled from non-volatile impurities. Because the volatilisation of phenols was gradual, the
distillate volume must be ultimately equal that of the original sample. Steam- distillable phenols react with
4-amino antipyrine at pH 7.9 0.1 in the presence of potassium ferricyanide to form a colored antipyrine.
This dye was then extracted from the aqueous solution with CHCl
3
and the absorbance was measured at
460nm.

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
COD was analysed following the Reflux method. A pre-determined amount of sample was oxidized by a
boiling mixture of an excess amount of Potassium dichromate (K
2
Cr
2
O
7
) and sulfuric acid (H
2
SO
4
). After 2
hours digestion, the remaining K
2
Cr
2
O
7
was titrated by ferrous ammonium sulfate (Fe(NH
4
)
2
(SO
4
)
2
) with
O. Phenanthrolene as indicator. The amount of oxidizable organic matter was calculated in terms of
oxygen equivalent.

Dissolved solids
The sample is then filtered through a 0.45 m filter paper to reject total suspended solid. Pipette an exact
amount of sample in to beaker, the sample is evaporated to dryness in a weighed beaker and dried to
constant weight at 105
o
C. The increase of weight of the beaker represents the total dissolved solids in
water.

Coliform
Coliform was determined according to MPN (Most Probable Number) method, using Lactose broth
medium in guessing phase and Brilliant Green Lactose Bile Broth in defining phase. Both of guessing and
defining phase used the same regime of incubation at 35
o
C in 48 hours.

Chlorides
Chloride was determined in a neutral or slightly alkaline solution by titration with silver nitrate. The end
point of titration was indicated by potassium chromate, which form a red silver chromate precipitation after
all chloride was precipitated as silver chloride.

Cyanide Analysis
Cyanide content was analyzed by the Centre of Analytical Services and Experimentation according to
TCVN 6181-96 method.

Total mineral oil and grease
The samples were extracted by Dichloromethane before being measured by UVF technique with the
instrument Spectrofluorometer RF-1501 (Shimadzu Japan). The DO crude oil was used to establish the
calibration curve.

Zooplankton analysis
A water sample used to identify zooplankton is poured on counting disk, The organisms are then counted
and identified to the lowest taxa by spectroscope.


Phytoplankton analysis
A water sample used to identify phytoplankton is condensed by decantation; organisms are then counted
in count cell and identified to the lowest taxa by spectroscope.

Water Quality Measurement
Temperature, pH, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) were measured in-situ by TOA water quality checker
WQC A-22.

6.2.6 Air quality parameters

For the parameters of NO
2
, SO
2
, H
2
S
The absorbent solutions are treated by specified chemical reagents to form coloured solutions. The
content of such gases in ambient air are determined by colorimetry method.

For CO parameter
The sample in the glass bottle is treated with a specified reagent to form a coloured solution, CO content is
also determined by colorimetry method.

Dust content (or Suspended Particles Mater- SPM) in ambient air is determined by gravimetric method,
divergence between the weight of filter paper after sampling and that of before sampling is the weight of
the dust sample.

Gas chromatography (GC) is used to analyze Total hydrocarbon content in ambient air.

7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

7.1 Offshore area

7.1.1 Characteristics of seabed sediment

Grain size distribution in seabed sediment

The grain size distribution in the seabed sediment is summarized in Tables 1.4 and 1.5. A visual
description of surface sediment and sampling time are detailed in Appendix A Survey log.

Table 1.4 Summary results of grain size parameters in sediment sample
Dry season (Feb. 2009)

STATION
MEAN
PHI
STANDARD
DEVIATION
(PHI)
SKEW-NESS
KUR-
TOSIS
%
COARS
E
%
FINES
SORTING
INDEX
SEDIMENT
TYPE
VISUAL
DESCRIPTION
K-1 0.44 1.92 1.07 5.26 39.92 3.34 Moderate Coarse Sand
There were shell
fragments and
pebble in the
sediment. Sediment
was sand.
K-2 0.15 1.91 1.30 5.66 48.07 3.07 Moderate Coarse Sand
There were shell
fragments and
pebble in the


STATION
MEAN
PHI
STANDARD
DEVIATION
(PHI)
SKEW-NESS
KUR-
TOSIS
%
COARS
E
%
FINES
SORTING
INDEX
SEDIMENT
TYPE
VISUAL
DESCRIPTION
sediment. Sediment
was sand.
K-3 3.07 3.50 -0.24 1.65 9.94 38.38
Extremely
Poor
Very fine
sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
was a mixture of mud
and little sand.
K-4 3.14 2.67 -0.38 2.25 1.64 65.73 Very Poor
Very fine
sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
and a little sand.
E-1 3.21 1.40 -0.17 8.91 2.49 6.75 Good
Very Fine
Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
was a mixture of
sand and a little mud.
E-2 4.15 2.72 -0.24 2.77 7.59 46.65 Very Poor Coarse Silt
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
was a mixture of
E-3 3.37 2.99 -0.05 2.27 14.63 39.05 Very Poor
Very Fine
Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
was a mixture of
E-4 3.15 3.05 0.06 2.19 16.44 35.16
Extremely
Poor
Very Fine
Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
was a mixture of
E-5 2.67 2.71 0.60 2.82 10.01 24.82 Very Poor Fine Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
and a little sand.
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
and a little sand.
E-7 0.40 1.48 1.29 8.43 23.27 1.95 Good Coarse Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
and a little sand.
E-8 3.36 2.72 0.44 2.39 3.49 33.17 Very Poor
Very Fine
Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
and a little sand.
E-9 0.74 1.47 0.91 7.47 17.73 1.94 Good Coarse Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
and clay.
E-10 3.93 2.83 0.15 2.03 2.86 43.19 Very Poor
Very Fine
Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
and a little sand.
E-11 3.80 2.89 0.23 2.04 3.81 42.40 Very Poor
Very Fine
Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
and a little sand.
E-12 2.90 2.16 0.92 4.36 4.11 17.93 Poor Fine Sand There were shell


STATION
MEAN
PHI
STANDARD
DEVIATION
(PHI)
SKEW-NESS
KUR-
TOSIS
%
COARS
E
%
FINES
SORTING
INDEX
SEDIMENT
TYPE
VISUAL
DESCRIPTION
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
and clay.
E-13 2.63 3.38 0.35 1.87 22.52 35.60
Extremely
Poor
Fine Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
and a little sand.
E-14 3.84 2.97 0.08 2.05 6.08 42.97 Very Poor
Very Fine
Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
and a little sand.
E-15 3.86 2.84 0.15 2.04 3.15 43.31 Very Poor
Very Fine
Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
and a little sand.
E-16 3.93 2.89 0.14 1.98 3.05 43.64 Very Poor
Very Fine
Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
and a little sand.
E-17 4.19 2.74 0.15 2.02 2.54 46.87 Very Poor Coarse Silt
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
and clay.
E-18 3.74 0.95 3.28 15.69 0.00 10.62 Very Good
Very Fine
Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
was a mixture of
E-19 3.65 2.60 -0.09 3.00 9.23 32.92 Very Poor
Very Fine
Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
was pasty.
E-20 3.82 2.63 -0.17 2.98 9.13 37.24 Very Poor
Very Fine
Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
was pasty.
E-21 1.77 3.43 0.71 2.13 36.07 27.89
Extremely
Poor
Medium
Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
and a little sand.
E-22 2.93 3.28 0.27 1.83 15.72 38.43
Extremely
Poor
Fine Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
and a little sand.
E-23 6.06 1.96 -0.49 3.25 0.32 83.26 Moderate Fine Silt
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment. Sediment
and a little sand.
E-24 0.84 2.43 1.30 4.70 33.57 9.03 Poor Coarse Sand
There were shell
fragments and
pebbles in the
sediment. Sediment
was sand.


Rainy season (August, 2008 and June, 2009)

Station
Mean
phi
Standard
deviation
(phi)
Skew-
ness
Kur-
tosis
%
Coarse
%
Fines
Sorting
index
Sediment
type
Visual Description
K-1 -0.05 2.34 2.35 7.98 45.82 8.57 Poor
Coarse
Sand
There were shell fragments
and pebble in the sediment.
Sediment was a mixture of
K-2 2.38 2.41 1.05 3.92 6.64 18.07 Poor Fine Sand
K-3 2.17 2.90 0.77 2.86 16.65 21.86 Very Poor Fine Sand
K-4 2.38 3.77 0.49 1.63 24.95 38.32
Extremely
Poor
Fine Sand
E-1 3.54 1.69 0.33 6.48 2.61 16.07 Moderate
Very Fine
Sand
in the sediment. Sediment
was silt.
E-2 4.64 2.25 -0.11 3.37 2.33 53.84 Poor
Coarse
Silt
was a mixture of mud and
clay.
E-3 3.92 2.63 -0.09 2.84 7.36 41.35 Very Poor
Very Fine
Sand
clay.
E-4 3.35 2.92 0.11 2.34 11.47 36.70 Very Poor
Very Fine
Sand
in the sediment Sediment
clay.
was silt.
E-6 4.90 2.68 -0.24 2.18 1.82 60.59 Very Poor
Coarse
Silt
was a mixture of mud clay.
E-7 1.45 2.73 1.06 3.49 21.05 15.42 Very Poor
Medium
Sand
was a mixture of mud and a
little sand.
E-8 3.43 3.50 0.01 1.71 16.67 45.00
Extremely
Poor
Very Fine
Sand
a little sand.
E-9 1.53 2.81 1.01 3.31 21.60 16.73 Very Poor
Medium
Sand
was sand.
E-10 4.57 2.72 0.08 1.96 1.01 51.10 Very Poor
Coarse
Silt
was silt.
E-11 2.64 2.23 1.33 4.12 1.75 19.94 Poor Fine Sand
little sand.
E-12 3.26 3.28 0.24 1.91 11.16 39.05
Extremely
Poor
Very Fine
Sand
was a mixture of sand and
mud.
E-13 4.90 2.65 -0.11 2.02 0.78 59.19 Very Poor
Coarse
Silt
little sand.


Station
Mean
phi
Standard
deviation
(phi)
Skew-
ness
Kur-
tosis
%
Coarse
%
Fines
Sorting
index
Sediment
type
Visual Description
E-14 5.29 2.65 -0.42 2.37 1.55 66.69 Very Poor
Medium
Silt
little sand.
E-15 4.36 2.72 0.10 2.03 1.58 48.51 Very Poor
Coarse
Silt
little sand.
E-16 4.21 2.84 0.10 2.00 3.09 46.25 Very Poor
Coarse
Silt
little sand.
E-17 4.32 3.03 -0.09 2.01 5.82 50.85
Extremely
Poor
Coarse
Silt
sand.
E-18 4.06 1.30 2.33 7.82 0.00 21.28 Good
Coarse
Silt
was silt.
E-19 2.93 3.01 0.24 2.21 12.07 29.73
Extremely
Poor
Fine Sand
little sand.
E-20 3.81 2.69 0.19 2.46 4.95 38.62 Very Poor
Very fine
Sand
little sand.
E-21 3.88 3.52 -0.18 1.66 13.97 53.59
Extremely
Poor
Very fine
Sand
little sand.
E-22 3.31 3.80 0.04 1.45 20.94 48.87
Extremely
Poor
Very fine
Sand
little sand.
E-23 4.71 2.54 -0.07 2.51 2.62 50.56 Very Poor
Coarse
Silt
little sand.
E-24 1.24 2.87 1.18 3.52 24.67 15.69 Very Poor
Medium
Sand
and pebbles in the
sediment. Sediment was
sand.

The seabed sediments at studied areas are fairly different from station to station due differences in
geological and topography characteristics. The seabed sediments at all sampling stations are classified
from medium silt to coarse sand. Mean phi ranges in a wide range (from -0.05 to 6.40u in rainy season
and from 0.15 to 6.39u in dry season).

The sediment tends to be coarser, especially the sediment at stations K1, K2, E21 and E24 lying at Hon
Me island. Sediment at these stations contained a lot of hard rock and was classified as coarse sand and
medium sand.

At stations K1 to K4, E6, E7, E9, E12, E14 and E23, mean phi and fine content values are significantly
different between the rainy and dry season. This may be due to the fact that the geological characteristics
at Nghi Son gulf are not homogeneous.


1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
K1 K2 K3 K4 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11 E12 E13 E14 E15 E16 E17 E19 E20 E21 E22 E23 E24
Meanphi
Station
Meanphi
Dryseason
Meanphi
Rainy
season

Figure 1.4 Variation of mean phi in rainy and dry seasons at offshore area

0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
%Fines
Station
%Fines
Dry
season
%Fines
Rainy
season

Figure 1.5 Variation of fine content in rainy and dry seasons at offshore area

Hydrocarbons in sediment

The analytical results of hydrocarbon composition are summarized in Tables 1.6 and 1.7.

Table 1.6 Summary results of hydrocarbon compositions on sediment sample

(Average values for each station-g/g)
Station UCM n-C13-35 CPI Pr./Ph. UCM /n-C13-35 THC
K-1 0.9 0.2 2 1.3 5 1
K-2 1.4 0.3 2 0.6 5 2
K-3 2.8 1.1 5 1.6 3 5
K-4 2.7 0.8 4 1.5 3 5
E-1 1 0.3 1.6 0.6 6 2
E-2 3 0.8 3.7 1.2 4 4
E-3 3 0.8 2.4 0.9 3 6


E-4 3 0.8 3.5 1.4 3 4
E-5 2 0.4 2.7 0.6 5 3
E-6 1 0.4 4.1 2.6 4 2
E-7 1 0.2 1.4 1.0 8 1
E-8 1 0.3 2.2 1.0 3 2
E-9 0 0.2 1.1 1.1 3 1
E-10 1 0.3 2.5 1.0 4 2
E-11 1 0.4 3.0 1.1 3 2
E-12 1 0.3 2.2 1.1 4 2
E-13 1 0.4 3.9 1.6 3 2
E-14 1 0.3 1.9 0.6 4 2
E-15 1 0.3 2.4 0.8 4 2
E-16 2 0.4 2.3 0.7 4 2
E-17 2 0.7 4.1 1.5 3 3
E-18 1 0.3 1.5 1.1 5 2
E-19 2 0.5 3.1 1.4 3 2
E-20 2 0.5 2.9 1.0 3 2
E-21 2 0.5 3.5 1.3 3 3
E-22 3 0.6 2.8 1.3 5 4
E-23 3 0.8 3.1 1.6 4 5
E-24 1 0.3 1.9 0.7 4 2

Rainy season (Aug. 2008 and June, 2009)

K-1 2 0.3 1.8 1.2 6 3
K-2 2 0.4 1.6 0.5 5 3
K-3 2 0.3 3.0 1.4 5 3
K-4 3 0.5 4.1 2.1 6 5
E-1 2 0.4 3 2.1 5 3
E-2 3 0.6 5 2.3 5 5
E-3 2 0.4 4 2.1 4 3
E-4 1 0.4 4 1.8 3 2
E-5 1 0.3 3 1.8 5 2
E-6 2 0.4 3 1.0 4 3
E-7 1 0.4 4 1.8 3 2
E-8 2 0.4 3 2.1 4 3
E-9 1 0.3 3 1.6 3 2
E-10 2 0.4 3 1.5 4 2


E-11 1 0.1 1 0.9 9 2
E-12 9 0.6 1 0.1 16 13
E-13 2 0.4 3 1.7 4 3
E-14 2 0.5 3 1.0 5 5
E-15 2 0.4 3 10.4 5 4
E-16 2 0.3 2 1.0 5 3
E-17 3 0.5 3 0.6 6 5
E-18 2 0.4 1 0.6 6 3
E-19 2 0.5 3 0.5 5 4
E-20 2 0.5 3 0.7 4 3
E-21 3 0.7 3 0.7 4 4
E-22 2 0.4 3 1.6 6 4
E-23 3 0.4 3 1.8 7 4
E-24 2 0.4 4 1.1 5 3

Hydrocarbon constituents and other organic matters in sediment exist in dynamic equilibrium including two
discrepant physic-chemical processes: (i) accumulation of settled hydrocarbon into sediment from the
water and/or hydrocarbon from the earths womb; (ii) biodegradation and/or diffusion of hydrocarbon from
the sediment into water. These active processes are impacted by a variety of environmental condition
(temperature, current, sediment characteristics etc.) as well as human activities (drilling activities, waste
discharge, etc). As a consequence, content of hydrocarbon constituents in sediment can vary over the
time.

THC values at offshore sampling stations vary in a narrow range in both of rainy and dry seasons (from 1
to 6 g/g in dry season and from 2 to 13 in rainy season).

Similar to grain size distribution, THC values at stations K3, E3, E4, E8, E9, E12, E14, E15 and E24
greatly differ from season to season. It is evident that, THC and metals values seem to be higher where
the sediment is finer.

All CPI values (Carbon Preference Index) are higher than 1 in both the rainy and dry seasons. This
corresponds to odd chain length n-alkanes predominating in comparison with even chain lengths. This is a
feature of the hydrocarbon distributions found in plants and other biologic compounds. Non-petrogenic
hydrocarbons contribute a given proportion in the total hydrocarbon compositions.


0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
THC
Station
THCDry
season
THCRainy
season

Figure 1.6 Variation of THC content in rainy and dry seasons at offshore area

Metals in sediment

Analytical results of metals in sediment are summarized in Tables 1.8 and 1.9.

Table 1.8 Summary results of metals in sediment samples

Station
Cu
(g/g)
Pb
(g/g)
Zn
(g/g)
Cd
(g/g)
Cr
(g/g) V (g/g)
Hg
(g/g)
K-1 7.4 24 38 < 1 10 < 63 0.047
K-2 14 20 41 < 1 13 < 63 0.037
K-3 30 17 83 < 1 60 < 63 0.063
K-4 34 22 88 < 1 59 < 63 0.056
E-1 10 <6 52 < 1 38 < 63 <0.02
E-2 22 9.1 62 < 1 44 < 63 0.048
E-3 30 31 83 < 1 50 < 63 0.10
E-4 25 25 80 < 1 48 < 63 0.08
E-5 16 23 72 < 1 39 < 63 0.038
E-6 20 27 73 < 1 46 < 63 0.059
E-7 8.3 15 42 < 1 16 < 63 0.072
E-8 21 22 78 < 1 50 < 63 0.16
E-9 7.4 18 41 < 1 16 < 63 0.18
E-10 21 23 76 < 1 47 < 63 0.12
E-11 27 30 90 < 1 49 < 63 0.13
E-12 20 30 71 < 1 39 < 63 0.17
E-13 30 34 90 < 1 53 < 63 0.15
E-14 24 24 85 < 1 51 < 63 0.13
E-15 24 23 82 < 1 58 < 63 0.13
E-16 26 28 85 < 1 58 < 63 0.15
E-17 33 37 91 < 1 56 < 63 0.15
E-18 10 17 60 < 1 42 < 63 0.17


Station
Cu
(g/g)
Pb
(g/g)
Zn
(g/g)
Cd
(g/g)
Cr
(g/g) V (g/g)
Hg
(g/g)
E-19 22 23 68 < 1 48 < 63 0.16
E-20 24 26 70 < 1 49 < 63 0.15
E-21 33 42 89 < 1 56 < 63 0.13
E-22 33 40 90 < 1 59 < 63 0.13
E-23 37 36 92 < 1 60 < 63 0.21
E-24 7.8 14 41 < 1 11 <63 0.13

Rainy season (Aug, 2008 and June, 2009)

Station
Cu
(g/g)
Pb
(g/g)
Zn
(g/g)
Cd
(g/g)
Cr
(g/g)
V
(g/g)
Hg
(g/g)
K-1 11 25 52 < 1 27 < 63 0.072
K-2 20 28 57 < 1 46 < 63 0.061
K-3 30 46 66 < 1 66 < 63 0.069
K-4 35 39 71 < 1 73 < 63 0.076
E-1 9.3 14 58 < 1 40 < 63 0.076
E-2 21 24 73 < 1 50 < 63 0.071
E-3 21 20 73 < 1 49 < 63 0.093
E-4 21 21 70 < 1 47 < 63 0.077
E-5 18 23 71 < 1 48 < 63 0.056
E-6 27 33 88 < 1 54 < 63 0.048
E-7 18 29 69 < 1 47 < 63 0.061
E-8 31 32 95 < 1 58 < 63 0.075
E-9 27 31 85 < 1 48 < 63 0.094
E-10 24 31 80 < 1 50 < 63 0.070
E-11 11 35 51 < 1 23 < 63 0.048
E-12 29 31 88 < 1 48 < 63 0.072
E-13 26 30 85 < 1 49 < 63 0.085
E-14 26 34 84 < 1 49 < 63 0.061


Station
Cu
(g/g)
Pb
(g/g)
Zn
(g/g)
Cd
(g/g)
Cr
(g/g)
V
(g/g)
Hg
(g/g)
E-15 24 35 92 < 1 60 < 63 0.066
E-16 22 32 82 < 1 56 < 63 0.077
E-17 30 35 99 < 1 63 < 63 0.116
E-18 8.9 17 51 < 1 33 < 63 0.027
E-19 19 26 71 < 1 46 < 63 0.067
E-20 30 36 89 < 1 48 < 63 0.063
E-21 33 40 101 < 1 54 < 63 0.087
E-22 26 33 77 < 1 43 < 63 0.080
E-23 25 35 78 < 1 44 < 63 0.093
E-24 27 35 79 < 1 45 < 63 0.086

Metals select to be analyzed in both the dry and rainy season surveys are Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, V and Hg.
Among those metals, Cd and V are found at lower levels than the detection limit of the AAS method.

In the dry season, there are tight favorable correlations between some metals and THC, fines content,
mean phi.

At stations E7, E9 and E24 there is noticeable variation in content of the rest metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and
Hg) between the rainy and dry season. At other stations, these values change in a narrow range between
stations as well as between seasons.

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Cu(g/g)
Station
CuDry
season
Cu
Rainy
season

Figure 1.7 Variation of Cu content in rainy and dry seasons at offshore area


0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Pb(g/g)
Station
PbDry
season
Pb
Rainy
season

Figure 1.8 Variation of Pb content in rainy and dry seasons at offshore area

0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Zn(g/g)
Station
ZnDry
season
ZnRainy
season

Figure 1.9 Variation of Zn content in rainy and dry seasons at offshore area

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Cr(g/g)
Station
CrDry
season
CrRainy
season

Figure 1.10 Variation of Cr content in rainy and dry seasons at offshore area


0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.250
Hg(g/g)
Station
HgDry
season
HgRainy
season

Figure 1.11 Variation of Hg content in rainy and dry seasons at offshore area

7.1.2 Characteristic of macrobenthic community

The summary results of the macrobenthos community at offshore stations are presented in Table 1.10 and
Figures 1.12 to 1.17. The detailed results are shown in Appendix B.

Table 1.10 The parameters of macrobenthos community at offshore stations
in rainy season and dry season

Station
Taxon quantity
(taxa/0.3m
2
)
Density (ind./m
2
) Biomass (g/m
2
) H(s) J C
Season Dry Rainy Dry Rainy Dry Rainy Dry Rainy Dry Rainy Dry Rainy
K1 28 43 493 600 4.77 11.69 2.50 3.98 0.52 0.73 0.42 0.15
K2 44 56 650 530 8.59 5.74 2.88 5.31 0.53 0.92 0.39 0.04
K3 54 60 403 557 14.02 8.75 5.18 5.26 0.90 0.89 0.05 0.04
K4 42 59 247 727 26.55 12.43 5.04 5.26 0.94 0.89 0.04 0.04
E2 46 63 1197 1663 74.48 78.57 3.12 4.78 0.56 0.80 0.29 0.07
E3 61 59 1087 957 31.53 49.47 4.66 4.83 0.79 0.82 0.07 0.06
E4 75 63 1187 777 35.00 30.60 4.61 5.27 0.74 0.88 0.09 0.04
E5 70 56 727 460 20.04 30.34 5.23 5.35 0.85 0.92 0.05 0.03
E6 68 33 597 360 29.70 9.15 5.33 3.95 0.88 0.78 0.05 0.13
E7 28 55 300 347 4.09 16.34 4.12 5.47 0.86 0.95 0.08 0.03
E8 29 18 153 93 1.48 2.39 4.54 4.04 0.94 0.97 0.06 0.07
E9 46 36 370 287 7.06 6.85 5.13 4.80 0.93 0.93 0.04 0.05
E10 23 41 137 227 1.49 8.43 4.23 4.96 0.93 0.93 0.07 0.05
E11 35 56 197 537 4.75 16.95 4.88 5.02 0.95 0.86 0.04 0.05
E12 71 45 920 373 33.27 8.34 4.97 4.99 0.81 0.91 0.06 0.04
E13 49 27 337 120 21.37 4.88 5.18 4.61 0.92 0.97 0.04 0.05
E14 25 31 90 157 11.93 7.29 4.61 4.72 0.99 0.95 0.04 0.05
E15 27 33 117 190 7.27 2.17 4.63 4.71 0.97 0.93 0.04 0.05


Station
Taxon quantity
(taxa/0.3m
2
)
Density (ind./m
2
) Biomass (g/m
2
) H(s) J C
E16 25 30 107 130 1.54 3.19 4.54 4.80 0.98 0.98 0.05 0.04
E17 49 37 273 210 18.79 6.21 5.42 4.81 0.96 0.92 0.03 0.05
E19 57 61 447 1353 7.27 48.93 5.04 4.07 0.86 0.69 0.05 0.16
E20 66 49 637 757 25.55 33.91 5.35 4.72 0.89 0.84 0.04 0.06
E21 61 66 360 573 9.92 17.14 5.64 5.68 0.95 0.94 0.02 0.05
E22 64 67 573 587 34.32 27.48 5.29 5.67 0.88 0.94 0.05 0.03
E23 37 61 333 417 5.76 9.42 3.89 5.55 0.75 0.94 0.18 0.03
E24 42 57 543 340 7.38 9.21 2.95 5.63 0.55 0.97 0.38 0.02
Average 47 49 480 513 17.23 17.92 4.58 4.93 0.84 0.89 0.10 0.06
Max 75 67 1197 1663 74.48 78.57 5.64 5.68 0.99 0.98 0.42 0.16
Min 23 18 90 93 1.48 2.17 2.50 3.95 0.52 0.69 0.02 0.02

Some community parameters such as density and biomass also fluctuate strongly among stations as well
as between seasons. Almost all remaining parameters (except biomass and density) are similar between
seasons and their values are within reasonable levels.

At stations E2, E3 and E4 density and biomass are strongly increased mainly based on the strong
development some species of Mollusca and Echinodermata groups. It is likely that, at these stations, the
environmental conditions are suitable for the dominant developing of species shown in Figure 1.12; 1.13;
1.14 and 1.15.

Regarding overall composition, there are 4 groups including Polychaeta, Crustacean, Mollusca and
Echinodermata in which, Polychaeta took the largest portion of taxon quantity, with Crustacean, Mollusca
and Echinodermata following. Composition in terms of density as well as biomass varies greatly among
stations. An un-similar structure in terms of density and biomass of the macrobenthos community was
evident; partly reflecting the difference in living conditions of sediment among the stations (Figure 1.12 to
1.17).

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
K
1
K
2
K
3
K
4
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
1
0
E
1
1
E
1
2
E
1
3
E
1
4
E
1
5
E
1
6
E
1
7
E
1
9
E
2
0
E
2
1
E
2
2
E
2
3
E
2
4
Station
N
u
m

b
e
r

o
f

t
a
x
o
n
CR EC MO PO
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
K
1
K
2
K
3
K
4
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
1
0
E
1
1
E
1
2
E
1
3
E
1
4
E
1
5
E
1
6
E
1
7
E
1
9
E
2
0
E
2
1
E
2
2
E
2
3
E
2
4
Station
N
u
m

b
e
r

o
f

t
a
x
o
n
CR EC MO PO
Figure 1.12 Taxon composition of each
macrobenthic group on dry season
macrobenthic group on rainy season



7.1.3 Physical - chemical characteristics of Surface water

The sea water analytical results are presented in Tables 1.11 to 1.13.

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
K
1
K
2
K
3
K
4
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
1
0
E
1
1
E
1
2
E
1
3
E
1
4
E
1
5
E
1
6
E
1
7
E
1
9
E
2
0
E
2
1
E
2
2
E
2
3
E
2
4
Station
S
i
n
h

k
h
i

(
g
/
m
2
)
CR EC MO PO
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
K
1
K
2
K
3
K
4
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
1
0
E
1
1
E
1
2
E
1
3
E
1
4
E
1
5
E
1
6
E
1
7
E
1
9
E
2
0
E
2
1
E
2
2
E
2
3
E
2
4
Station
S
i
n
h

k
h
i

(
g
/
m
2
)
CR EC MO PO
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
K
1
K
2
K
3
K
4
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
1
0
E
1
1
E
1
2
E
1
3
E
1
4
E
1
5
E
1
6
E
1
7
E
1
9
E
2
0
E
2
1
E
2
2
E
2
3
E
2
4
Station
D
e
n
s
i
t
y

(
I
n
d
.
/
m
2
)
CR EC MO PO
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
K
1
K
2
K
3
K
4
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
1
0
E
1
1
E
1
2
E
1
3
E
1
4
E
1
5
E
1
6
E
1
7
E
1
9
E
2
0
E
2
1
E
2
2
E
2
3
E
2
4
Station
D
e
n
s
i
t
y

(
I
n
d
.
/
m
2
)
CR EC MO PO
Figure 1.14 Density composition of each
Figure 1.16 Biomass composition of each


Table 1.11 Analytical results of physical characteristics of seawater
Dry season (February, 2009)

In-situ measurement
No. Samples
pH DO (mg/l) Salinity () Temp. (
o
C)
1 E - 1.1 7.7 5.6 33 25
2 E - 1.2 7.6 5.8 33 25
Average 7.7 5.7 33 25
3 E - 2.1 7.8 5.9 33 25
4 E - 2.2 7.7 5.9 32 25
Average 7.8 5.9 32 25
5 E - 3.1 7.7 5.7 31 25
6 E - 3.2 7.6 5.8 33 24
Average 7.7 5.8 32 25
7 E - 4.1 7.6 5.8 32 24
8 E - 4.2 7.5 5.6 32 24
9 E - 4.3 7.7 5.3 33 24
Average 7.6 5.6 32 24
10 E - 5.1 7.7 5.8 32 25
11 E - 5.2 7.8 5.6 32 25
12 E - 5.3 7.6 5.1 33 25
Average 7.7 5.5 32 25
13 E - 6.1 7.6 5.9 32 25
14 E - 6.2 7.8 5.4 31 25
15 E - 6.3 7.6 5.2 31 25
Average 7.7 5.4 31 25
16 E - 7.1 7.8 5.8 32 25
17 E - 7.2 7.6 5.5 32 25
18 E - 7.3 7.8 5.2 31 25
Average 7.7 5.4 32 25
19 E - 8.1 7.6 5.7 31 23
20 E - 8.2 7.5 5.4 32 22
21 E - 8.3 7.7 5.1 32 22
Average 7.6 5.4 32 22
22 E - 9.1 7.8 5.9 32 25
23 E - 9.2 7.8 5.7 32 25
24 E - 9.3 7.6 5.2 33 24
Average 7.7 5.6 32 24
25 E - 10.1 7.7 6.0 32 25
26 E - 10.2 7.5 5.6 32 25
27 E - 10.3 7.8 5.2 33 24
Average 7.7 5.6 32 25
28 E - 11.1 7.8 5.9 32 25
29 E - 11.2 7.8 5.6 32 25
30 E - 11.3 7.7 5.2 32 25


In-situ measurement
No. Samples
o
C)
Average 7.8 5.4 32 25
31 E - 12.1 7.6 5.8 31 25
32 E - 12.2 7.5 5.6 32 24
33 E - 12.3 7.6 5.0 33 24
Average 7.6 5.5 32 24
34 E - 13.1 7.5 5.8 33 25
35 E - 13.2 7.5 5.7 32 25
36 E - 13.3 7.6 5.3 33 25
Average 7.5 5.6 33 25
37 E - 14.1 7.7 5.8 32 23
38 E - 14.2 7.5 5.6 33 23
39 E - 14.3 7.8 5.3 33 23
Average 7.7 5.6 33 23
40 E - 15.1 7.7 5.9 33 23
41 E - 15.2 7.6 5.7 31 23
42 E - 15.3 7.7 5.3 32 23
Average 7.7 5.6 32 23
43 E - 16.1 7.8 5.8 33 24
44 E - 16.2 7.8 5.7 32 24
45 E - 16.3 7.6 5.2 33 24
Average 7.7 5.6 33 24
46 E - 17.1 7.7 5.9 32 24
47 E - 17.2 7.8 5.6 32 24
48 E - 17.3 7.5 5.2 31 24
Average 7.7 5.6 32 24
49 E - 18.1 7.7 5.9 33 25
50 E - 18.2 7.5 5.2 32 24
Average 7.6 5.6 33 25
51 E - 19.1 7.5 5.8 32 23
52 E - 19.2 7.5 5.1 33 23
Average 7.5 5.5 33 23
53 E - 20.1 7.8 5.7 32 23
54 E - 20.2 7.6 5.1 32 23
Average 7.7 5.4 32 23
55 E - 21.1 7.5 5.8 32 25
56 E - 21.2 7.8 5.3 32 24
Average 7.7 5.6 32 24
57 E - 22.1 7.7 5.8 32 24
58 E - 22.2 7.6 5.4 32 24
Average 7.6 5.6 32 24
59 E - 23.1 7.6 5.8 32 23
60 E - 23.2 7.5 5.2 32 23
Average 7.6 5.5 32 23


In-situ measurement
No. Samples
o
C)
61 E - 24.1 7.5 5.8 33 23
62 E - 24.2 7.6 5.6 33 23
63 E - 24.3 7.6 5.2 33 23
Average 7.6 5.5 33 23
64 K - 1.1 7.7 5.8 33 24
65 K - 1.2 7.7 6.0 33 23
Average 7.7 5.9 33 24
66 K - 2.1 7.5 5.6 33 24
67 K - 2.2 7.6 5.3 33 24
Average 7.6 5.5 33 24
68 K - 3.1 7.7 5.5 33 24
69 K - 3.2 7.8 5.3 33 24
Average 7.8 5.4 33 24
70 K - 4.1 7.8 5.6 33 24
71 K - 4.2 7.9 5.4 33 23
Average 7.9 5.5 33 24
QCVN 10: 2008 Column 3
6.5 8.5 5 - -
QCVN 10: 2008 National technical regulation on coastal water quality, column 3-applies to other place.

Rainy season (Aug, 2008 and June, 2009)

In-situ measurement
No. Sample
o
C)
1
E - 1.1
7.6 5.7 30 27
2
E - 1.2
7.6 5.5 29 27
Average 7.6 5.6 30 27
3
E - 2.1
7.7 5.7 30 27
4
E - 2.2
7.7 5.5 30 27
Average 7.7 5.6 30 27
5
E - 3.1
7.8 5.8 31 26
6
E - 3.2
7.7 5.5 31 26
Average 7.8 5.6 31 26
7
E - 4.1
7.5 5.8 31 26
8
E - 4.2
7.5 5.5 31 27
9
E - 4.3
7.6 5.3 32 26
Average 7.5 5.6 31 26
10
E - 5.1
7.5 5.8 32 27
11
E - 5.2
7.6 5.6 31 27
12
E - 5.3
7.6 5.3 31 27
Average 7.6 5.6 31 27
13
E - 6.1
7.7 5.7 31 27
14
E - 6.2
7.6 5.5 31 27


In-situ measurement
No. Sample
o
C)
15
E - 6.3
7.7 5.4 31 27
Average 7.7 5.5 31 27
16
E - 7.1
7.6 5.7 31 26
17
E - 7.2
7.6 5.6 31 27
18
E - 7.3
7.6 5.6 31 27
Average
19
E - 8.1
7.4 5.6 30 27
20
E - 8.2
7.4 5.6 30 26
21
E - 8.3
7.5 5.3 31 26
Average 7.4 5.5 30 26
22
E - 9.1
7.7 5.7 30 27
23
E - 9.2
7.7 5.7 31 26
24
E - 9.3
7.7 5.3 31 27
Average 7.7 5.6 31 26
25
E - 10.1
7.6 5.8 31 26
26
E - 10.2
7.5 5.8 29 27
27
E - 10.3
7.6 5.4 29 27
Average 7.5 5.7 30 26
28
E - 11.1
7.7 5.6 31 27
29
E - 11.2
7.8 5.6 31 27
30
E - 11.3
7.7 5.3 31 27
Average 7.7 5.5 31 27
31
E - 12.1
7.6 5.8 31 26
32
E - 12.2
7.5 5.6 31 26
33
E - 12.3
7.6 5.2 31 26
Average 7.6 5.5 31 26
34
E - 13.1
7.5 5.8 31 26
35
E - 13.2
7.5 5.8 31 26
36
E - 13.3
7.5 5.4 32 26
Average 7.5 5.7 31 26
37
E - 14.1
7.7 5.8 30 26
38
E - 14.2
7.7 5.7 30 26
39
E - 14.3
7.6 5.5 31 25
Average 7.6 5.7 31 26
40
E - 15.1
7.5 5.8 31 27
41
E - 15.2
7.6 5.7 31 26
42
E - 15.3
7.6 5.4 32 26
Average 7.6 5.6 31 26
43
E - 16.1
7.7 5.8 30 27
44
E - 16.2
7.7 5.7 32 26
45
E - 16.3
7.8 5.3 32 26
Average 7.7 5.6 31 26
46
E - 17.1
7.8 5.8 30 27


In-situ measurement
No. Sample
o
C)
47
E - 17.2
7.7 5.7 31 26
48
E - 17.3
7.7 5.3 32 26
Average 7.8 5.6 31 26
49
E - 18.1
7.5 5.8 29 27
50
E - 18.2
7.5 5.4 30 26
Average 7.5 5.6 30 26
51
E - 19.1
7.6 5.7 30 27
52
E - 19.2
7.6 5.3 31 27
Average 7.6 5.5 30 27
53
E - 20.1
7.7 5.8 31 27
54
E - 20.2
7.7 5.3 31 26
Average 7.7 5.5 31 26
55
E - 21.1
7.4 5.8 30 26
56
E - 21.2
7.2 5.4 31 26
Average 7.3 5.6 31 26
57
E - 22.1
7.4 5.8 30 27
58
E - 22.2
7.3 5.4 31 26
Average 7.3 5.6 31 26
59
E - 23.1
7.4 5.7 29 27
60
E - 23.2
7.3 5.3 30 26
Average 7.4 5.5 29 27
61
E - 24.1
7.4 5.8 29 26
62
E - 24.2
7.4 5.7 29 26
63
E - 24.3
7.5 5.3 30 26
Average 7.4 5.6 29 26
64 K - 1
7.7 6.1 32.8 26.0
65 K - 2
7.7 6.1 32.8 26.0
66 K - 3
7.8 5.9 32.5 25.8
67 K - 4
7.8 5.9 32.7 25.5
QCVN 10: 2008 Column 3
6.5 8.5 5 - - -
QCVN 10: 2008- National technical regulation on coastal water quality, column 3-applies to other place.

Table 1.13 Analytical results of chemical characteristics of seawater in

Parameter (mg/L)
No. Sample
TSS
THC
(*)

NH4
+
SO4
2-
NO2
-
NO3
-
Total N Total P Phenol CN- BOD COD
1 E - 1.1 13 0.012 0.026 2200 0.015 0.011 0.36 0.011 <0.001 < 0.007 0.73 1.9
2 E - 1.2 14 0.012 0.027 2100 0.017 0.012 0.46 0.012 <0.001 < 0.007 0.76 2.0
Average 13 0.012 0.026 2150 0.016 0.012 0.41 0.012 <0.001 < 0.007 0.75 1.9
3 E - 2.1 14 0.015 0.02 2300 <0.0004 0.005 1.1 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.68 1.8
4 E - 2.2 15 0.014 0.019 2160 <0.0004 0.007 0.98 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.63 1.8
Average 15 0.014 0.02 2230 <0.0004 0.006 1.04 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.8
5 E - 3.1 15 0.014 0.018 2300 0.017 0.009 0.38 0.013 <0.001 < 0.007 0.97 2.2


Parameter (mg/L)
No. Sample
TSS
THC
(*)

NH4
+
SO4
2-
NO2
-
NO3
-
6 E - 3.2 16 0.011 0.018 2100 0.02 0.01 0.44 0.011 <0.001 < 0.007 0.82 2.0
Average 16 0.013 0.018 2200 0.019 0.01 0.41 0.012 <0.001 < 0.007 0.9 2.2
7 E - 4.1 15 0.013 0.022 2100 0.001 0.01 0.69 0.016 <0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.8
8 E - 4.2 16 0.011 0.02 2200 0.001 0.009 0.77 0.013 <0.001 < 0.007 0.8 2.0
9 E - 4.3 17 0.009 0.023 2060 0.001 0.01 0.82 0.014 <0.001 < 0.007 0.81 2.0
Average 16 0.011 0.022 2120 0.001 0.009 0.76 0.014 <0.001 < 0.007 0.76 2.0
10 E - 5.1 14 0.009 0.014 - 0.068 0.016 1.1 0.022 <0.001 < 0.007 0.77 2.0
11 E - 5.2 15 0.011 0.015 - 0.071 0.014 1.1 0.021 <0.001 < 0.007 0.7 1.9
12 E - 5.3 16 0.01 0.015 - 0.066 0.013 1.1 0.019 <0.001 < 0.007 1.4 2.9
Average 15 0.01 0.015 - 0.069 0.014 1.1 0.021 <0.001 < 0.007 0.96 2.2
13 E - 6.1 12 0.011 0.009 - <0.0004 0.008 0.42 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.74 1.9
14 E - 6.2 14 0.012 0.01 - <0.0004 0.008 0.46 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.82 2.0
15 E - 6.3 15 0.013 0.01 - <0.0004 0.007 0.47 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.77 2.0
Average 14 0.012 0.01 - <0.0004 0.008 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.78 2.0
16 E - 7.1 15 0.013 0.016 - <0.0004 0.01 0.7 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.56 1.7
17 E - 7.2 16 0.014 0.015 - <0.0004 0.011 0.64 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.53 1.6
18 E - 7.3 16 0.014 0.017 - <0.0004 0.01 0.67 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8
Average 16 0.014 0.016 - <0.0004 0.01 0.67 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.59 1.7
19 E - 8.1 15 0.018 0.007 - <0.0004 0.007 0.47 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.8 2.0
20 E - 8.2 14 0.014 0.008 - <0.0004 0.008 0.54 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.81 2.0
21 E - 8.3 15 0.014 0.007 - <0.0004 0.008 0.51 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.8
Average 15 0.015 0.007 - <0.0004 0.008 0.5 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.76 2.0
22 E - 9.1 14 0.016 0.018 - 0.033 0.018 0.55 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.57 1.7
23 E - 9.2 14 0.013 0.017 - 0.032 0.022 0.56 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.6 1.7
24 E - 9.3 14 0.011 0.022 - 0.032 0.02 0.59 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.59 1.7
Average 14 0.013 0.019 - 0.033 0.02 0.57 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.59 1.7
25 E - 10.1 14 0.015 0.008 - <0.0004 0.007 0.46 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8
26 E - 10.2 14 0.012 0.01 - <0.0004 0.008 0.44 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.64 1.8
27 E - 10.3 15 0.011 0.013 - <0.0004 0.007 0.41 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.55 1.7
Average 14 0.013 0.011 - <0.0004 0.007 0.44 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.61 1.7
28 E - 11.1 13 0.017 0.035 - <0.0004 0.005 0.42 0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.58 1.7
29 E - 11.2 14 0.012 0.031 - <0.0004 0.005 0.39 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.56 1.7
30 E - 11.3 14 0.01 0.034 - <0.0004 0.006 0.44 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.74 1.9
Average 14 0.013 0.033 - <0.0004 0.005 0.42
<0.007-
0.007
<0.001 < 0.007 0.63 1.8
31 E - 12.1 14 0.015 0.008 - <0.0004 0.009 0.42 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9
32 E - 12.2 15 0.012 0.008 - <0.0004 0.008 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.71 1.9
33 E - 12.3 15 0.011 0.009 - <0.0004 0.008 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.76 2.0
Average 15 0.013 0.008 - <0.0004 0.008 0.44 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.72 1.9
34 E - 13.1 15 0.015 0.008 - <0.0004 0.008 0.61 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.71 1.9
35 E - 13.2 16 0.012 0.009 - <0.0004 0.008 0.58 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.77 2.0
36 E - 13.3 16 0.011 0.01 - <0.0004 0.009 0.65 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.8
Average 16 0.013 0.009 - <0.0004 0.008 0.61 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.71 1.9
37 E - 14.1 14 0.015 0.01 - <0.0004 0.008 0.46 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.91 2.2
38 E - 14.2 15 0.013 0.011 - <0.0004 0.008 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.74 1.9
39 E - 14.3 16 0.011 0.012 - <0.0004 0.008 0.43 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.64 1.8


Parameter (mg/L)
No. Sample
TSS
THC
(*)

NH4
+
SO4
2-
NO2
-
NO3
-
Average 15 0.013 0.011 - <0.0004 0.008 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.76 2.0
40 E - 15.1 14 0.017 0.011 - <0.0004 0.009 0.44 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.58 1.7
41 E - 15.2 15 0.014 0.012 - <0.0004 0.009 0.41 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.61 1.7
42 E - 15.3 15 0.009 0.012 - <0.0004 0.008 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.77 2.0
Average 15 0.013 0.012 - <0.0004 0.009 0.43 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8
43 E - 16.1 14 0.018 0.009 - <0.0004 0.006 0.51 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.8
44 E - 16.2 15 0.012 0.009 - <0.0004 0.007 0.49 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8
45 E - 16.3 15 0.009 0.01 - <0.0004 0.007 0.51 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.6 1.7
Average 15 0.013 0.01 - <0.0004 0.007 0.5 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.64 1.8
46 E - 17.1 15 0.016 0.01 - <0.0004 0.009 0.63 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9
47 E - 17.2 15 0.012 0.012 - <0.0004 0.009 0.65 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8
48 E - 17.3 16 0.009 0.011 - <0.0004 0.009 0.67 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8
Average 15 0.012 0.011 - <0.0004 0.009 0.65 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8
49 E - 18.1 15 0.015 0.036 2100 0.016 0.011 0.65 0.037 <0.001 < 0.007 0.79 2.0
50 E - 18.2 15 0.011 0.043 2300 0.017 0.011 0.63 0.034 <0.001 < 0.007 0.8 2.0
Average 15 0.013 0.0391 2200 0.017 0.011 0.64 0.035 <0.001 < 0.007 0.8 2.0
51 E - 19.1 14 0.014 0.017 2200 0.002 0.007 0.82 0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.77 2.0
52 E - 19.2 15 0.011 0.019 2300 0.003 0.008 0.8 0.009 <0.001 < 0.007 1.1 2.4
Average 15 0.012 0.018 2250 0.002 0.008 0.81 0.008 <0.001 < 0.007 0.94 2.2
53 E - 20.1 16 0.017 0.02 2100 0.02 0.011 0.51 0.013 <0.001 < 0.007 1.4 2.9
54 E - 20.2 16 0.01 0.021 2280 0.023 0.01 0.54 0.011 <0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8
Average 16 0.014 0.0209 2190 0.022 0.011 0.53 0.012 <0.001 < 0.007 1.03 2.3
55 E - 21.1 12 0.015 0.028 2200 0.044 0.015 0.63 0.013 <0.001 < 0.007 0.83 2.1
56 E - 21.2 12 0.012 0.026 2360 0.047 0.015 0.59 0.014 <0.001 < 0.007 0.72 1.9
Average 12 0.013 0.0271 2280 0.045 0.015 0.61 0.014 <0.001 < 0.007 0.78 2.0
57 E - 22.1 12 0.015 0.026 2000 0.037 0.021 0.55 0.016 <0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8
58 E - 22.2 13 0.01 0.026 2200 0.04 0.019 0.58 0.017 <0.001 < 0.007 0.7 1.9
Average 13 0.012 0.026 2100 0.039 0.02 0.56 0.016 <0.001 < 0.007 0.68 1.8
59 E - 23.1 14 0.016 0.016 2200 0.044 0.017 0.51 0.018 <0.001 < 0.007 0.74 1.9
60 E - 23.2 15 0.011 0.015 2460 0.043 0.019 0.47 0.016 <0.001 < 0.007 0.62 1.8
Average 14 0.014 0.0152 2330 0.043 0.018 0.49 0.017 <0.001 < 0.007 0.68 1.8
61 E - 24.1 14 0.016 0.034 2300 0.047 0.018 0.53 0.019 <0.001 < 0.007 0.56 1.7
62 E - 24.2 14 0.012 0.032 2330 0.046 0.02 0.55 0.02 <0.001 < 0.007 0.61 1.7
63 E - 24.3 14 0.01 0.032 2360 0.045 0.02 0.56 0.021 <0.001 < 0.007 0.6 1.7
Average 14 0.013 0.032 2330 0.046 0.019 0.54 0.02 <0.001 < 0.007 0.61 1.7
64 K - 1.1 13 0.022 0.089 2200 0.035 0.018 0.48 0.038 <0.001 < 0.007 0.93 2.2
65 K - 1.2 13 0.012 0.1 2220 0.03 0.016 0.49 0.035 <0.001 < 0.007 0.7 1.9
Average 13 0.017 0.096 2210 0.032 0.017 0.49 0.036 <0.001 < 0.007 0.82 2.0
66 K - 2.1 11 0.012 0.026 2200 0.028 0.013 0.46 0.031 <0.001 < 0.007 1.1 2.4
67 K - 2.2 11 0.0071 0.03 2040 0.025 0.012 0.5 0.029 <0.001 < 0.007 0.97 2.2
Average 11 0.0095 0.028 2120 0.026 0.013 0.48 0.03 <0.001 < 0.007 1.04 2.3
68 K - 3.1 11 0.01 0.025 2200 0.022 0.0095 0.52 0.015 <0.001 < 0.007 0.75 1.9
69 K - 3.2 11 0.01 0.023 2440 0.023 0.011 0.5 0.019 <0.001 < 0.007 0.55 1.7
Average 11 0.01 0.024 2320 0.022 0.01 0.51 0.017 <0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8
70 K - 4.1 13 0.024 0.026 2300 0.066 0.044 0.67 0.021 <0.001 < 0.007 0.7 1.9
71 K - 4.2 12 0.015 0.027 2380 0.07 0.035 0.7 0.023 <0.001 < 0.007 0.68 1.8


Parameter (mg/L)
No. Sample
TSS
THC
(*)

NH4
+
SO4
2-
NO2
-
NO3
-
Average 12 0.019 0.026 2340 0.068 0.039 0.68 0.022 <0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9
QCVN 10:2008 Column 3 - - 0.5 - - - - - - - - -
(*)THC: Total oil content


Parameter (mg/L)
No. Sample
TSS THC
(*)
NH4
+
SO4
2-
NO2
-
NO3
-
Total N Toatl P Phenol CN- BOD COD
1 E - 1.1 14 0.015 0.038 2300 0.001 0.016 0.50 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.73 2.1
2 E - 1.2 14 0.011 0.030 2200 0.001 0.016 0.48 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.52 1.7
Average 14 0.013 0.034 2250 0.001 0.016 0.49 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.63 1.9
3 E - 2.1 14 0.016 0.094 2200 0.001 0.005 0.97 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.98 2.0
4 E - 2.2 15 0.012 0.050 2060 0.001 0.006 0.99 0.010 <0.001 < 0.007 0.97 2.2
Average 14 0.014 0.072 2130 0.001 0.005 0.98
<0.007-
0.010
<0.001 < 0.007 0.98 2.1
5 E - 3.1 16 0.013 0.016 2200 0.001 0.016 0.39 0.014 <0.001 < 0.007 0.70 1.8
6 E - 3.2 16 0.012 0.010 2220 0.001 0.019 0.46 0.028 <0.001 < 0.007 0.61 1.7
Average 16 0.013 0.013 2210 0.001 0.017 0.43 0.021 <0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.8
7 E - 4.1 15 0.014 0.013 2100 0.002 0.008 0.70 0.035 <0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8
8 E - 4.2 15 0.011 0.015 2300 0.002 0.007 0.79 0.031 <0.001 < 0.007 0.56 1.6
9 E - 4.3 16 0.011 0.012 2400 0.002 0.009 0.83 0.035 <0.001 < 0.007 0.88 1.8
Average 15 0.012 0.013 2180 0.002 0.008 0.78 0.034 <0.001 < 0.007 0.70 1.8
10 E - 5.1 13 0.012 0.015 - 0.002 0.030 1.15 0.026 <0.001 < 0.007 1.5 2.8
11 E - 5.2 13 0.011 0.023 - 0.001 0.026 1.07 0.020 <0.001 < 0.007 0.83 2.2
12 E - 5.3 13 0.011 0.017 - 0.001 0.032 1.14 0.032 <0.001 < 0.007 0.81 1.8
Average 13 0.011 0.018 - 0.001 0.029 1.12 0.026 <0.001 < 0.007 1.0 2.3
13 E - 6.1 12 0.014 0.019 - <0.0004 0.011 0.43 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.58 1.6
14 E - 6.2 13 0.013 0.018 - <0.0004 0.007 0.48 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.54 1.6
15 E - 6.3 14 0.011 0.015 - <0.0004 0.010 0.49 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.62 1.7
Average 13 0.012 0.017 - <0.0004 0.009 0.47 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.58 1.6
16 E - 7.1 15 0.014 0.022 - <0.0004 0.011 0.71 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.60 2.0
17 E - 7.2 15 0.013 0.020 - <0.0004 0.011 0.66 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.86 2.1
18 E - 7.3 15 0.012 0.024 - <0.0004 0.010 0.68 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.88 2.2
Average 15 0.013 0.022 - <0.0004 0.011 0.68 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.78 2.1
19 E - 8.1 15 0.016 0.010 - <0.0004 0.007 0.48 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 1.1 2.3
20 E - 8.2 15 0.015 0.009 - <0.0004 0.008 0.55 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.89 2.0
21 E - 8.3 15 0.013 0.008 - <0.0004 0.007 0.53 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.96 2.1
Average 15 0.014 0.009 - <0.0004 0.008 0.52 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.98 2.2
22 E - 9.1 14 0.015 0.009 - <0.0004 0.017 0.57 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.99 2.2
23 E - 9.2 14 0.013 0.010 - <0.0004 0.014 0.58 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 1.0 2.2
24 E - 9.3 15 0.011 0.013 - <0.0004 0.015 0.60 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.62 1.7
Average 14 0.013 0.011 - <0.0004 0.016 0.58 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.87 2.0


Parameter (mg/L)
No. Sample
TSS THC
(*)
NH4
+
SO4
2-
NO2
-
NO3
-
25 E 10.1 13 0.014 0.010 - <0.0004 0.009 0.47 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.77 2.0
26 E 10.2 14 0.013 0.011 - <0.0004 0.008 0.46 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.53 1.7
27 E 10.3 14 0.013 0.011 - <0.0004 0.010 0.43 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.58 1.7
Average 13 0.014 0.011 - <0.0004 0.009 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.63 1.8
28 E 11.1 14 0.017 0.015 - <0.0004 0.018 0.50 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.6 1.8
29 E 11.2 15 0.014 0.018 - <0.0004 0.021 0.41 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.84 2.1
30 E 11.3 15 0.012 0.017 - <0.0004 0.022 0.46 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.93 2.2
Average 15 0.014 0.016 - <0.0004 0.020 0.46 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.79 2.0
31 E 12.1 14 0.017 0.013 - <0.0004 0.015 0.44 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.86 2.1
32 E 12.2 14 0.014 0.012 - <0.0004 0.012 0.46 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.93 2.2
33 E 12.3 14 0.011 0.015 - <0.0004 0.013 0.47 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 1.5 2.9
Average 14 0.014 0.013 - <0.0004 0.013 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 1.10 2.4
34 E 13.1 13 0.014 0.009 - <0.0004 0.009 0.63 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.78 1.9
35 E 13.2 13 0.012 0.009 - <0.0004 0.011 0.60 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8
36 E 13.3 14 0.012 0.010 - <0.0004 0.012 0.66 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.87 2.0
Average 13 0.013 0.009 - <0.0004 0.010 0.63 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.77 1.9
37 E 14.1 14 0.014 0.009 - <0.0004 0.014 0.81 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.74 1.8
38 E 14.2 15 0.013 0.010 - <0.0004 0.014 0.47 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 1.2 2.4
39 E 14.3 15 0.012 0.010 - <0.0004 0.017 0.44 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.58 1.7
Average 15 0.013 0.010 - <0.0004 0.015 0.57 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.84 2.0
40 E 15.1 14 0.016 0.012 - <0.0004 0.010 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.90 2.1
41 E 15.2 14 0.013 0.009 - <0.0004 0.009 0.42 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.54 1.6
42 E 15.3 14 0.012 0.011 - <0.0004 0.009 0.47 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.63 1.8
Average 14 0.014 0.011 - <0.0004 0.009 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9
43 E 16.1 14 0.016 0.009 - <0.0004 0.009 0.52 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.86 2.1
44 E 16.2 14 0.014 0.009 - <0.0004 0.010 0.51 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8
45 E 16.3 15 0.014 0.010 - <0.0004 0.008 0.53 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.58 1.7
Average 14 0.015 0.009 - <0.0004 0.009 0.52 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.70 1.9
46 E 17.1 14 0.015 0.014 - <0.0004 0.013 0.64 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.92 1.8
47 E 17.2 14 0.013 0.013 - <0.0004 0.011 0.67 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.77 2.0
48 E 17.3 15 0.011 0.015 - <0.0004 0.012 0.69 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 1.2 2.6
Average 14 0.013 0.014 - <0.0004 0.012 0.66 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.96 2.1
49 E 18.1 11 0.021 0.059 2100 0.005 0.023 0.52 0.026 <0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.7
50 E 18.2 11 0.014 0.043 2200 0.005 0.028 0.65 0.032 <0.001 < 0.007 0.55 1.8
Average 11 0.018 0.051 2150 0.005 0.026 0.58 0.029 <0.001 < 0.007 0.61 1.8
51 E 19.1 13 0.013 0.032 2100 0.002 0.032 0.63 0.000 <0.001 < 0.007 1.2 2.5
52 E 19.2 13 0.012 0.018 2100 0.003 0.029 0.82 0.005 <0.001 < 0.007 0.97 2.1
Average 13 0.013 0.025 2100 0.002 0.031 0.73 0.003 <0.001 < 0.007 1.1 2.3
53 E 20.1 15 0.016 0.115 2300 0.084 0.108 0.73 0.010 <0.001 < 0.007 0.70 1.8
54 E 20.2 15 0.011 0.080 2100 0.042 0.060 0.77 0.010 <0.001 < 0.007 0.62 1.8
Average 15 0.014 0.097 2200 0.063 0.084 0.75 0.010 <0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.8
55 E 21.1 11 0.014 0.010 2600 0.001 0.023 0.57 0.425 <0.001 < 0.007 0.97 1.9
56 E 21.2 11 0.012 0.013 2500 0.003 0.014 0.60 0.071 <0.001 < 0.007 1.7 2.1


Parameter (mg/L)
No. Sample
TSS THC
(*)
NH4
+
SO4
2-
NO2
-
NO3
-
Average 11 0.013 0.011 2550 0.002 0.018 0.59 0.248 <0.001 < 0.007 1.3 2.0
57 E 22.1 11 0.014 0.090 2300 0.001 0.013 0.59 0.124 <0.001 < 0.007 0.93 2.1
58 E 22.2 12 0.014 0.066 2100 0.002 0.011 0.60 0.096 <0.001 < 0.007 0.71 2.0
Average 11 0.014 0.078 2200 0.002 0.012 0.59 0.110 <0.001 < 0.007 0.82 2.0
59 E 23.1 13 0.016 0.030 2300 0.001 0.016 0.31 0.011 <0.001 < 0.007 0.75 1.9
60 E 23.2 13 0.013 0.026 2000 0.002 0.017 0.48 0.014 <0.001 < 0.007 0.68 1.7
Average 13 0.015 0.028 2150 0.002 0.017 0.40 0.013 <0.001 < 0.007 0.72 1.8
61 E 24.1 13 0.016 0.050 2300 0.002 0.022 0.69 0.008 <0.001 < 0.007 0.83 2.0
62 E 24.2 13 0.014 0.041 2400 0.002 0.022 0.56 0.008 <0.001 < 0.007 0.62 1.5
63 E 24.3 14 0.012 0.049 2300 0.007 0.020 0.58 0.009 <0.001 < 0.007 0.58 1.5
Average 13 0.014 0.047 2333 0.004 0.021 0.61 0.008 <0.001 < 0.007 0.68 1.7
64 K 1 5.4 0.009 0.12 - 0.006 0.025 0.73 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.85 -
65 K 2 <5 0.010 0.030 - 0.006 0.026 0.64 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 1.40 -
66 K 3 <5 0.015 <0.004 - 0.007 0.030 0.51 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 1.40 -
67 K 4 <5 0.007 <0.004 - 0.58 0.35 1.2 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.85 -
QCVN 10:2008 Colum 3 - - 0.5 - - - - - - - - -
(*)THC: Total oil content

Table 1.15 Analytical results of metals in seawater in Dry season (February, 2009)

Sample Cu (mg/l) Pb (mg/l) Zn (mg/l) Cd (mg/l) Cr (mg/l) Fe (mg/l) Hg (mg/l)
E - 1.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.035 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 1.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001
E - 2.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.017 <0.005 < 0.02 0.19 < 0.001
E - 2.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.025 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08-0.19 < 0.001
E - 3.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.164 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 3.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.087 <0.005 < 0.02 0.10 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08-0.10 < 0.001
E - 4.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.022 <0.005 < 0.02 0.62 < 0.001
E - 4.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 4.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08-0.62 < 0.001
E - 5.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.030 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 5.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.017 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 5.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.013 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001
E - 6.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 6.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 6.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001
E - 7.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001


E - 7.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 7.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001
E - 8.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 8.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 8.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001
E - 9.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 9.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 9.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001
E - 10.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 10.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 10.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001
E - 11.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.12 < 0.001
E - 11.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.08 < 0.001
E - 11.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.19 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.132 < 0.001
E - 12.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 12.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 12.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001
E - 13.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 13.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 13.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001
E - 14.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 14.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 14.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001
E - 15.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 15.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 15.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001
E - 16.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.19 < 0.001
E - 16.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 16.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.37 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08-0.37 < 0.001
E - 17.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 17.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 17.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001
E - 18.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.028 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001


E - 18.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.031 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001
E - 19.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.09 < 0.001
E - 19.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.10 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.09 < 0.001
E - 20.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.13 < 0.001
E - 20.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.17 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.15 < 0.001
E - 21.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.13 < 0.001
E - 21.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.24 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.18 < 0.001
E - 22.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 22.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001
E - 23.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.19 < 0.001
E - 23.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.16 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.17 < 0.001
E - 24.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.48 < 0.001
E - 24.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.16 < 0.001
E - 24.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.17 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.27 < 0.001
K - 1.1 - KL <0.005 0.008 0.070 <0.005 < 0.02 0.08 < 0.001
K - 1.2 - KL <0.005 0.004 0.031 <0.005 < 0.02 0.09 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.006 0.050 <0.005 < 0.02 0.087 < 0.001
K - 2.1 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.013 <0.005 < 0.02 0.09 < 0.001
K - 2.2 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.002 0.011 <0.005 < 0.02 0.086 < 0.001
K - 3.1- KL <0.005 <0.001 0.014 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
K - 3.2- KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 -0.014 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001
K - 4.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
K - 4.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.30 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08-0.30 < 0.001
QCVN10:2008 Column 3 1 0.1 2 0.005 0.05 0.3 0.005
QCVN 10: 2008- National technical regulation on coastal water quality, column 3-applies for other place.

Table 1.16 Analytical results of metals in seawater
in Rainy season (August, 2008 and June, 2009)

No. Sample
Cu
(mg/l)
Pb
(mg/l)
Zn (mg/l) Cd (mg/l) Cr (mg/l) Fe (%) Hg (mg/l)
1 E - 1.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
2 E - 1.2- KL <0.005 0.003 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 - 0.003 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001


No. Sample
Cu
(mg/l)
Pb
(mg/l)
3 E - 2.1 - KL <0.005 0.003 0.018 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
4 E - 2.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 - 0.003 0.013 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
5 E - 3.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.013 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
6 E - 3.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 0.011 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.001
7 E - 4.1 - KL <0.005 0.003 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 0.16 < 0.001
8 E - 4.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.011 <0.005 < 0.02 0.18 < 0.001
9 E - 4.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.052 <0.005 < 0.02 0.11 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 - 0.003 0.023 <0.005 < 0.02 0.15 < 0.001
10 E - 5.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
11 E - 5.2- KL <0.005 0.002 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
12 E - 5.3- KL <0.005 <0.001 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 - 0.002 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.001
13 E - 6.1 - KL <0.005 0.007 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
14 E - 6.2 - KL <0.005 0.003 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
15 E - 6.3 - KL <0.005 0.002 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.004 <0.005 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.001
16 E - 7.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
17 E - 7.2 - KL <0.005 0.007 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
18 E - 7.3 - KL <0.005 0.008 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
19 E - 8.1 - KL <0.005 0.005 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
20 E - 8.2 - KL <0.005 0.007 0.050 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
21 E - 8.3 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.004 0.022 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
22 E - 9.1 - KL <0.005 0.001 0.029 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
23 E - 9.2 - KL <0.005 0.001 0.031 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
24 E - 9.3 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.025 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.001 0.029 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
25 E - 10.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
26 E - 10.2 - KL <0.005 0.008 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
27 E - 10.3 - KL <0.005 0.006 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 - 0.008 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
28 E - 11.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
29 E - 11.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
30 E - 11.3- KL <0.005 <0.001 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
31 E - 12.1 - KL <0.005 0.001 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
32 E - 12.2 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
33 E - 12.3 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.002 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
34 E - 13.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 0.13 < 0.001


No. Sample
Cu
(mg/l)
Pb
(mg/l)
35 E - 13.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.011 <0.005 < 0.02 0.12 < 0.001
36 E - 13.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 0.16 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 0.13 < 0.001
37 E - 14.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
38 E - 14.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
39 E - 14.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
40 E - 15.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
41 E - 15.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
42 E - 15.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
43 E - 16.1 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
44 E - 16.2 - KL <0.005 0.003 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
45 E - 16.3 - KL <0.005 0.003 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.003 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
46 E - 17.1 - KL <0.005 0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
47 E - 17.2 - KL <0.005 0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
48 E - 17.3 - KL <0.005 0.002 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.001 <0.005 - 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
49 E - 18.1 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
E - 18.2 - KL <0.005 0.004 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.003 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
50 E - 19.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.011 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
51 E - 19.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
52 E - 20.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
53 E - 20.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.003 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
54 E - 21.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
55 E - 21.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
56 E - 22.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
57 E - 22.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.015 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 0.011 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
58 E - 23.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.015 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
59 E - 23.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.015 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 0.015 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
60 E - 24.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
61 E - 24.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
62 E - 24.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
63 K - 1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
64 K - 2 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.013 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001


No. Sample
Cu
(mg/l)
Pb
(mg/l)
65 K - 3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
66 K - 4 - KL <0.005 0.004 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

QCVN10:2008
Column 3
1 0.1 2 0.005 0.05 0.3 0.005

Physical- chemistry parameters

Because the survey is located in the Nghi Son Bay area, in this report QCVN10: 2008BTNMT "National
technical regulation on coastal water quality - Column 3" to assess water quality at stations offshore is
used. In the present survey, for both the rainy and dry seasons, the water quality parameters recorded
were very low and reached QCVN10: 2008/BTNMT.

The parameters of Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, BOD significantly effected bio-chemical
processes occurring in marine water.

Temperature and salinity parameters of sea water changed within a very narrow range. BOD and COD
contents are found in low level.

The pH of sea water directly depends the correlation between the carbonic acid content and its dissociate
derivatives in sea water. The factors which influence this value are temperature, hydrostatic pressure, and
metabolic activities of aquatic organisms (particularly algae). In offshore regions, sea water shows slight
alkalinity, and its pH is stable and within narrow range (7.6 - 8.4). pH values are in range of 7.3 - 7.9 in
both the rainy and dry seasons, which are at normal levels for the North-east Vietnam sea.

The dissolved oxygen (DO) content in sea water is affected by a various factors including the interaction
between the atmosphere and the ocean (wave, wind), atmospheric pressure, temperature and salinity of
sea water, metabolic activities of aquatic organisms, organic matters content. DO values registered at
offshore sampling stations in both of two seasons range from 5.4 to 5.9 mg/l, reached QCVN10:
2008/BTNMT.

Suspended solids in sea water consist of inorganic particles, flocculated organic substances, living
plankton and the remains of plankton. Total suspended solid (TSS) recorded at the surveyed area varied
in a narrow range from 11 to 16 mg/L in both seasons.

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
pH
Station
pHDry
season
pHRainy
season

Figure 1.18 Variation of pH at offshore sampling stations


0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
DO(mg/l)
Station
DODry
season
DORainy
season

Figure 1.19 Variation of DO at offshore sampling stations

26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Salinity
Station
Salinity
Dry
season
Salinity
Rainy
season

Figure 1.20 Variation of Salinity at offshore sampling stations

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Temp.
o
C
Station
TempDry
season
Temp
Rainy
season

Figure 1.21 Variation of Temperature at offshore sampling stations


0
5
10
15
20
25
30
E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11 E12 E13 E14 E15 E16 E17 E18 E19 E20 E21 E22 E23 E24 K1 K2 K3 K4
TSS(mg/l )
Station
TSS Dry
season
TSS Rainy
season

Figure 1.22 Variation of TSS content at offshore sampling stations

Oil content in water

The values of total oil content (Tables 7.1.3.3 and 7.1.3.4) in water at offshore sampling stations are quite
homogeneous and not much change is apparent between the rainy and dry seasons. The highest
recorded value occured at station K-4 which is located at Mieng island, for both seasons.

0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
THC(mg/l)
Station
THC Dry
season
THC Rainy
season

Figure 1.23 Variation of THC at offshore sampling stations

Heavy metal in water

Among the seven analyzed trace heavy metals, four metals are below the detection limit of analytical
method (Cu, Cd, Cr and Hg). Other metals are also found in very low content at offshore sampling stations
in both the rainy and dry seasons. All analytical values of metals are much lower than limit values
stipulated in QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT.

Some main selected anions, cations (NH
4
+
, NO
3
-
, NO
2
-
, SO
4
2-
, CN
-
).

At all offshore stations, the CN
-
content is lower than the detection limit of the analytical method for both
seasons.

The SO
4
2-
concentration in sea water depends significantly on the salinity of sea water, in seasons, SO
4
2-

content is relatively stable between sampling stations.


The NH
4
+
content at all stations is much lower than the allowable limit quoted in QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT
(0.5mg/l).

The NO
3
-
, NO
2
-
content, as well as total N content in most of sampling stations was very low and varied
within narrow ranges. It should be noted that, during the rainy season survey, the content of the above 3
parameters was roughly 6-7 times the values noted above in the area of K4 station Mieng Island.
Recorded at the sampling time of this survey, about three fishing vessels were conducting vessel cleaning,
which can cause an immediate increase in levels of 3 parameters above.

0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
NH
4
+
(mg/l)
Station
NH4+ Dry
season
NH4+ Rainy
season

Figure 1.24 Variation of NH
4
+
content at offshore sampling stations

0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
NO
2
(mg/l)
Station
NO2 Dry
season
NO2 Rainy
season

Figure 1.25 Variation of NO
2
-

0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
NO
3
(mg/l)
Station
NO3 Dry
season
NO3 Rainy
season

3
-


0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
SO
4
2
(mg/l)
Station
SO4 Dry
season
SO4 Rainy
season

Figure 1.27 Variation of SO
4
2-

Total phosphorus, Total nitrogen

Total phosphorus and total nitrogen are considered nutrients in water. Phosphorus and nitrogen are
important components in the process of photosynthesis of phytoplankton in the marine environment. There
are no regulations on the permitted levels of total nitrogen and phosphorus in QCVN10 Total: 2008. Total
phosphorus in most offshore stations is lower than the detection limits of the analytical methods used. At
two stations E21 and E22, recorded total phosphorus concentration increased significantly during the wet
season survey. This should be monitored closely in the next survey.

0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
TotalN(mg/l)
Station
TotalN Dry
season
TotalN Rainy
season

Figure 1.28 Variation of Total N content at offshore sampling stations

0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
TotalP(mg/l)
Station
TotalP Dry
season
TotalP Rainy
season

Figure 1.29 Variation of Total P content at offshore sampling stations


BOD and COD

BOD and COD values at all stations were at relatively low levels and quite stable from station to station
and from season to season.

0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
BOD(mg/l)
Station
BOD Dry
season
BOD Rainy
season

Figure 1.30 Variation of BOD content at offshore sampling stations

0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
COD(mg/l)
Station
COD Dry
season
COD Rainy
season

Figure 1.31 Variation of COD content at offshore sampling stations

7.1.4 Characteristics of the plankton community

Phytoplankton

The summary results of phytoplankton community at offshore stations are presented in Table 1.17 and
Figures 1.32; 1.33; 1.34 and 1.35. The detail results are showed in Appendix B.


Table 1.17 The parameters of phytoplankton community at coastal stations

Taxon quantity
(taxa/0.05m
3
)
Density
(x10
3
cells/m
3
)
H(s) J C
Station
Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain
K1 13 10 1516,515 35 0.03 2.44 0.01 0.73 0.99 0.28
K2 13 16 1,792,835 62 0.04 3.20 0.01 0.80 0.99 0.18
K3 11 13 238,420 37 0.17 2.84 0.05 0.77 0.96 0.22
K4 15 13 1,770,505 29 0.04 2.65 0.01 0.72 0.99 0.28
E2 14 23 1,005,095 4,192 0.09 2.74 0.02 0.61 0.98 0.21
E3 13 21 3,178,830 8,888 0.10 1.98 0.03 0.45 0.98 0.39
E4 11 21 2,928,150 2,724 0.05 3.13 0.01 0.71 0.99 0.16
E5 16 4 1,027,830 56 0.02 1.79 0.01 0.89 1.00 0.32
E6 12 11 1,143,990 128 0.10 2.86 0.03 0.83 0.98 0.19
E7 11 3 987,120 84 0.04 1.02 0.01 0.65 0.99 0.61
E8 18 6 1,072,800 120 0.08 2.44 0.02 0.94 0.99 0.20
E9 16 5 254,220 56 0.10 1.75 0.03 0.76 0.98 0.39
E10 15 8 1,929,460 108 0.03 2.44 0.01 0.81 0.99 0.23
E11 14 4 4,335 144 3.20 1.29 0.84 0.64 0.15 0.53
E12 17 3 378,350 52 0.48 0.99 0.12 0.63 0.89 0.62
E13 14 10 3,732,755 76 0.03 2.82 0.01 0.85 1.00 0.19
E14 16 15 738,720 176 0.05 3.28 0.01 0.84 0.99 0.14
E15 15 8 775,260 148 0.02 2.32 0.01 0.77 1.00 0.26
E16 14 5 967,950 260 0.06 0.99 0.02 0.43 0.99 0.66
E17 11 4 729,840 2,172 0.13 0.30 0.04 0.15 0.97 0.92
E19 13 19 2,599,640 1,368 0.02 3.60 0.01 0.85 1.00 0.10
E20 17 15 1,877,995 768 0.03 2.98 0.01 0.76 0.99 0.17
E21 16 8 738,010 60 0.05 2.84 0.01 0.95 0.99 0.17
E22 12 7 1,621,275 1,880 0.06 0.20 0.02 0.07 0.99 0.96
E23 8 4 59,990 44 0.09 1.87 0.03 0.93 0.98 0.29
E24 12 4 221,130 44 0.26 1.82 0.07 0.91 0.94 0.31
Average 14 10 1,280,424 912 0.21 2.18 0.05 0.71 0.95 0.34
Max 18 23 3,732,755 8,888 3.20 3.60 0.84 0.95 1.00 0.96
Min 8 3 4,335 29 0.02 0.20 0.01 0.07 0.15 0.10

The phytoplanton community at surveyed areas does not show diversity nor evenness particularly in the
dry season, although the number of taxon recorded in the dry season is higher than in the rainy season. In
the offshore area, the unexpected results for the Phytoplankton community is caused by the
overdevelopment of one algae species (known as blooming).


- Taxon composition and distribution

Distribution of the taxon quantity according to the rainy and dry seasons is illustrated at Figures
1.32 and 1.33. It is easy to recognize that in the dry season, the number of taxon among studied
stations is rather even while taxon distribution varies strongly among stations. Taxon quantity is
very low at some stations such as E5, E7, E11, E12, E17, E23, E24 and rather high E2, E3, E4,
E19.

- Taxon composition

In the dry season, there are four phyla identified in which each phylum of Dianophyta and
Bacillariophyta account for about 50% of number of taxon. The relative proportions of the others
are very small. In the rainy season, there are 5 phyla identified of which Bacillariophyta is the
most diverse; followed by Dianophyta, Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta and Euglenophyta in descending
order.

- Density composition and distribution

The distribution of phytoplanktons density is shown in Figures 1.34 and 1.35. It is remarkabe to
note that the density in the dry season is a thousands times higher than that in the rainy season.
This phenomenon may be related to the high concentration of Nitrate in the dry season. The
increase of Nitrate may provide an adequate nutritional source for the development of algae,
known as blooming. Based on the increasing of density at some stations such as E2, E3, E4, the
variation in density among studied stations in the rainy season is also much higher than that in the
dry season. In the the rainy season, the density structure at stations E17, E22 and E16 was
clearly atypical with the dominance of the Cyanophyta group evidence of the difference in the
water conditions there.

Although there are 4 phyla of phytoplankton presented, the Bacillariophyta accounts for nearly
100% of density; proportions of the others are not notable. In the rainy season, Bacillariophyta
also accounts for the largest proportion, however, portions of Cyanophyta, Dianophyata and
Chlorophyta are also remarkable.

- Community indices

In the dry season, like a consequence of the blooming of one species algae, all community indices
are at poor levels. The diversity index -H(s) and Evenness index J are low, while the
predominant index is high at almost stations. At station E14, this phenomenon is not recoded. On
the contrary, all other community indices are at normal levels.



Zooplankton

The summary results fir the zooplankton community at offshore stations are presented in Table 7.1.2.2
and Figures 1.36; 1.37; 1.38 and 1.39. The detail results are showed in Appendix B.

In contrast to the phytoplankton community, the number of taxon of zooplankton is relatively high both
among stations as well as between two seasons. In regards to taxon composition, Copepoda is the most
diverse group in the zooplankton community in both thedry and rainy seasons. It accounts for 75% of total
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
K
1
K
2
K
3
K
4
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
1
0
E
1
1
E
1
2
E
1
3
E
1
4
E
1
5
E
1
6
E
1
7
E
1
9
E
2
0
E
2
1
E
2
2
E
2
3
E
2
4
Station
D
e
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(
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n
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m
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)
BA CY DI
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
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7000
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9000
10000
K
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7
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9
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2
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2
4
Station
D
e
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(
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)
BA CY DI EU
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Station
N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

t
a
x
o
n

BA CH CY DI
0
5
10
15
20
25
Station
N
u
m
b
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o
f

t
a
x
o
n

BA CH CY DI
Figure 1.32 Taxon portion of each group of
phytoplanton on dry season
phytoplankton on rainy season
Figure 1.34 Density portion of each group of
phytoplanton on dry season
phytoplankton on rainy season


taxon quantity. The second most diverse group is the Chaetognata group. The other groups represent
smaller proportions and differ between seasons (see Table 1.18 and Figures 1.36 and 1.37).

Regardingdensity composition and distribution: Similar to taxon quantity, the density of the zooplankton
community is rather even. An exception is the strong increase of density caused by the strong
development of Copepoda and Ostracoda groups recorded at station E17 in the dry season; and the
increase in density at station 20 in the rainy season caused by the strong development of Larva,
Chaetognata and Ostracoda groups. At other stations, the variation of density between the two seasons
as well as among stations is not very high (Table 1.18 and Figures 1.38 and 1.39).

In regards to density composition, Copepoda is also the most dominant in both otherainy and dry season;
followed by Larvae and Cladocera. The others vary considerably between seasons (Figure 1.38 and 1.39).

In both the rainy and dry seasons, all community indices are at relatively good levels (Table 1.18).

Table 1.18 The parameters of zooplankton community at offshore stations
in rainy season and dry season.

Taxon quantity
(/station)
Density (ind./m
3
) H(s) J C
Station
K1 34.0 32.0 201.2 953.7 4.08 3.64 0.80 0.73 0.09 0.12
K2 37.0 24.0 499.9 209.1 3.75 3.82 0.72 0.83 0.12 0.10
K3 35.0 25.0 483.1 365.4 3.20 3.84 0.62 0.83 0.23 0.10
K4 38.0 35.0 706.1 3,799.1 3.31 3.97 0.63 0.77 0.24 0.09
E2 23.0 33.0 2,254.8 784.9 3.54 4.07 0.78 0.81 0.09 0.09
E3 30.0 40.0 1,487.1 485.3 4.08 4.04 0.83 0.76 0.09 0.13
E4 28.0 40.0 ,3716.7 919.9 4.08 4.44 0.85 0.84 0.11 0.07
E5 31.0 35.0 260.1 273.0 2.97 3.95 0.60 0.77 0.12 0.09
E6 33.0 32.0 421.5 1,149.0 4.48 3.72 0.89 0.74 0.14 0.12
E7 35.0 27.0 656.5 357.9 4.28 2.60 0.83 0.55 0.09 0.35
E8 34.0 35.0 526.5 598.0 4.22 3.50 0.83 0.68 0.14 0.18
E9 38.0 35.0 1,468.0 773.8 4.04 4.29 0.77 0.84 0.06 0.07
E10 28.0 30.0 737.3 601.1 3.26 3.05 0.68 0.62 0.27 0.18
E11 28.0 35.0 266.7 138.5 3.36 4.06 0.70 0.79 0.07 0.09
E12 28.0 36.0 2,567.7 603.4 3.51 4.03 0.73 0.78 0.17 0.09
E13 40.0 35.0 387.1 1,014.1 4.19 4.13 0.79 0.81 0.07 0.09
E14 32.0 30.0 1,112.8 356.0 4.00 3.82 0.80 0.78 0.16 0.11
E15 22.0 33.0 1,104.8 936.9 3.62 3.54 0.81 0.70 0.27 0.14
E16 28.0 33.0 1,117.9 401.1 3.73 3.98 0.77 0.79 0.35 0.10
E17 40.0 38.0 30,840.0 1,816.8 3.44 3.80 0.65 0.72 0.08 0.12
E19 20.0 34.0 4,895.0 1,239.4 3.19 3.72 0.74 0.73 0.13 0.15
E20 34.0 27.0 796.6 9,541.7 4.38 3.89 0.86 0.82 0.08 0.09
E21 31.0 36.0 738.7 252.4 3.01 4.20 0.61 0.81 0.09 0.09
E22 31.0 41.0 8,280.0 538.3 4.31 4.38 0.87 0.82 0.15 0.07
E23 35.0 35.0 335.4 1,717.2 3.63 4.02 0.71 0.78 0.09 0.09


Taxon quantity
(/station)
Density (ind./m
3
) H(s) J C
Station
E24 33.0 39.0 506.7 2005.8 4.27 3.95 0.85 0.75 0.10 0.10
Average 31.8 33.7 2552.6 1224.3 3.77 3.86 0.76 0.76 0.14 0.12
Max 40.0 41.0 30840.0 9541.7 4.48 4.44 0.89 0.84 0.35 0.35
Min 20.0 24.0 201.2 138.5 2.97 2.60 0.60 0.55 0.06 0.07

0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
22000
24000
26000
28000
30000
32000
K
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2
K
3
K
4
E
2
E
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E
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E
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7
E
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E
9
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Station
TU PO PT&HE OS LA IN DE CO CL CH AM
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
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5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
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8500
9000
9500
10000
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K
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3
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3
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7
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AM CH CL CO DE LA OS PO PT&HE TU
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
K
1
K
2
K
3
K
4
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E
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Station
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AM CH CL CO DE
IN OS PO PT&HE TU
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
K
1
K
2
K
3
K
4
E
2
E
3
E
4
E
5
E
6
E
7
E
8
E
9
E
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E
1
1
E
1
2
E
1
3
E
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E
1
5
E
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E
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E
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E
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Station
N
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AM CH CL CO DE OS PO PT&HE TU
zooplankton group on dry season
zooplankton group on rainy season


7.2 Onshore area

7.2.1 Ambient air, noise and vibration quality

Ambient air quality

a. Hourly ambient air quality

The hourly ambient air analytical results are presented in Tables 1.19 and 1.20.

Table 1.19 Summary results of ambient air quality parameters dry season (Feb., 2009)

NO
2
CO SO
2
H
2
S TSP Benzene Xylen PM10 THC
Sample
mg/Nm
3

A1.1 0.006 3.3 0.011 <0.001 0.26 ND ND 0.03 1.5
A1.2 0.004 2.8 0.014 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.02 2.0
A1.3 0.004 2.8 0.011 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.02 0.6
A1.4 0.011 1.6 0.013 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.03 1.3
A1.5 0.011 2.3 0.011 <0.001 0.20
ND ND
0.03 2.1
A1.6 0.013 2.7 0.013 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.03 1.3
A1.7 0.040 2.8 0.011 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.04 2.1
A1.8 0.018 4.3 0.012 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.04 1.6
A1.9 0.023 6.3 0.012 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.04 1.6
Average 0.014 3.2 0.012 <0.001 0.19 ND ND 0.03 1.6
A2.1 0.008 3.3 0.007 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.04 2.2
A2.2 0.009 5.4 0.011 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.02 3.2
A2.3 0.007 3.3 0.012 <0.001 0.40 ND ND 0.01 1.5
A2.4 0.008 4.9 0.004 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.03 3.6
A2.5 0.008 2.5 0.010 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.03 2.1
A2.6 0.007 2.8 0.013 <0.001 0.40 ND ND 0.02 0.7
A2.7 0.021 3.1 0.012 <0.001 0.07 ND ND 0.03 3.0
A2.8 0.020 2.8 0.012 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.03 2.8
A2.9 0.012 2.4 0.007 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 3.4
Average 0.011 3.4 0.010 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.03 2.5
A3.1 0.009 5.0 0.011 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.01 2.5
A3.2 0.013 2.3 0.013 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.02 1.6
A3.3 0.011 3.2 0.012 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.02 3.2
A3.4 0.017 2.8 0.013 <0.001 0.26 ND ND 0.06 1.5
A3.5 0.018 3.5 0.013 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.05 3.2
A3.6 0.019 3.6 0.013 <0.001 0.30 ND ND 0.03 1.8
A3.7 0.010 2.7 0.014 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.03 1.6
A3.8 0.012 3.1 0.009 <0.001 0.30 ND ND 0.04 2.3
A3.9 0.011 3.2 0.010 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 2.1
Average 0.013 3.3 0.012 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.03 2.2
A4.1 0.019 3.5 0.008 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.01 2.1
A4.2 0.006 5.6 0.010 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.01 2.3
A4.3 0.009 5.0 0.008 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.02 1.5
A4.4 0.013 3.6 0.007 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.03 1.4
A4.5 0.012 3.7 0.007 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.04 3.2
A4.6 0.003 2.7 0.008 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.03 2.1
A4.7 0.013 3.5 0.011 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.06 1.4
A4.8 0.016 1.2 0.011 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.04 0.6


A4.9 0.011 3.0 0.007 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.04 2.4
Average 0.011 3.6 0.009 <0.001 0.18 ND ND 0.03 1.9
A5.1 0.007 0.6 0.006 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.02 2.3
A5.2 0.009 4.9 0.005 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.00 1.5
A5.3 0.006 4.8 0.004 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.02 2.2
A5.4 0.006 5.0 0.004 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.02 0.6
A5.5 0.004 0.5 0.004 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.02 2.2
A5.6 0.005 6.1 0.005 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 3.2
A5.7 0.009 3.0 0.004 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.01 1.5
A5.8 0.008 2.3 0.004 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.02 1.1
A5.9 0.010 2.5 0.005 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.02 2.1
Average 0.007 3.3 0.005 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.02 1.9
A6.1 0.021 2.7 0.004 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.05 2.5
A6.2 0.014 3.0 0.004 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.10 3.2
A6.3 0.010 2.5 0.005 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.05 4.1
A6.4 0.018 6.7 0.004 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.04 5.2
A6.5 0.009 6.8 0.004 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.00 6.3
A6.6 0.012 6.8 0.005 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.05 2.5
A6.7 0.020 1.2 0.006 <0.001 0.07 ND ND 0.01 1.4
A6.8 0.014 2.3 0.004 <0.001 0.34 ND ND 0.04 3.1
A6.9 0.012 1.2 0.004 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.03 5.3
Average 0.014 3.7 0.004 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.04 3.7
A7.1 0.014 2.2 0.003 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.02 2.2
A7.2 0.011 2.2 0.006 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.03 3.4
A7.3 0.014 3.6 0.005 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.03 1.5
A7.4 0.010 2.5 0.004 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.05 2.7
A7.5 0.010 4.9 0.005 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.00 3.2
A7.6 0.008 2.3 0.004 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.02 1.6
A7.7 0.006 5.4 0.008 <0.001 0.33 ND ND 0.01 1.8
A7.8 0.005 2.3 0.004 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.01 2.6
A7.9 0.007 2.5 0.004 <0.001 0.07 ND ND 0.02 1.3
Average 0.009 3.1 0.005 <0.001 0.19 ND ND 0.02 2.3
A8.1 0.023 2.7 0.011 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.05 2.5
A8.2 0.013 3.1 0.007 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.07 6.3
A8.3 0.012 2.3 0.007 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.06 5.4
A8.4 0.004 2.3 0.013 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.03 2.5
A8.5 0.006 2.6 0.011 <0.001 0.34 ND ND 0.01 3.6
A8.6 0.008 6.2 0.006 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.02 4.1
A8.7 0.006 4.0 0.005 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.04 2.2
A8.8 0.004 2.5 0.007 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.04 3.8
A8.9 0.009 3.0 0.005 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.04 1.9
Average 0.009 3.2 0.008 <0.001 0.22 ND ND
(1)
0.04 3.6
QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT
(2)
0.2 30 0.35 - 0.30 - - -
(4)
-
QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT
(3)
- - - 0.042 - 0.022 1 - -


Table 1.20 Summary results of ambient air quality parameters rainy season (Aug., 2008)

NO2 CO SO2 H2S TSP Benzene Xylen PM10 THC
Sample
mg/Nm
3

A1.1 0.007 1.8 0.013 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.03 12
A1.2 0.019 2.5 0.017 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.02 12
A1.3 0.015 1.0 0.015 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.02 2.3
A1.4 0.009 4.6 0.015 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.03 5.8
A1.5 0.009 4.6 0.013 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.03 7.4
A1.6 0.005 3.9 0.008 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 11
A1.7 0.008 2.0 0.009 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.03 15
A1.8 0.008 1.8 0.006 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.03 12
A1.9 0.014 7.1 0.008 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.03 13
Average 0.010 3.3 0.011 <0.001 0.23 ND ND 0.03 10
A2.1 0.001 3.1 0.009 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.02 5.8
A2.2 0.001 4.7 0.010 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 7.7
A2.3 0.001 0.5 0.010 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.02 6.3
A2.4 0.002 3.6 0.004 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.02 8.5
A2.5 0.001 6.1 0.012 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.02 9.7
A2.6 0.005 3.4 0.005 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.03 8.1
A2.7 0.006 8.7 0.008 <0.001 0.07 ND ND 0.02 6.3
A2.8 0.012 3.1 0.002 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.02 8.5
A2.9 0.009 3.6 0.005 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.02 7.4
Average 0.004 4.1 0.007 <0.001 0.17 ND ND 0.02 7.6
A3.1 0.004 8.3 0.004 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 5.6
A3.2 0.003 8.1 0.005 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.03 15
A3.3 0.007 5.3 0.006 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.03 7.3
A3.4 0.003 4.6 0.004 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.02 8.5
A3.5 0.018 1.1 0.004 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.02 9.6
A3.6 0.015 5.8 0.006 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.02 7.8
A3.7 0.004 0.1 0.003 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.02 6.3
A3.8 0.008 3.0 0.004 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.03 5.2
A3.9 0.006 2.8 0.004 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 6.4
Average 0.007 4.3 0.004 <0.001 0.19 ND ND 0.02 8.0
A4.1 0.008 2.9 0.001 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 6.7
A4.2 0.017 8.3 0.026 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.02 5.6
A4.3 0.014 5.0 0.002 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.02 8.2
A4.4 0.016 6.2 0.004 <0.001 1.25 ND ND 0.01 7.3
A4.5 0.012 5.9 0.003 <0.001 0.55 ND ND 0.03 9.5
A4.6 0.009 3.8 0.004 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.00 4.2
A4.7 0.021 1.3 0.002 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.02 5.8
A4.8 0.013 2.2 0.022 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 7.6
A4.9 0.011 3.7 0.002 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.03 9.2
Average 0.014 4.4 0.007 <0.001 0.35 ND ND 0.02 7.1
A5.1 0.004 3.8 0.003 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.03 7.3
A5.2 0.000 1.7 0.001 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.02 8.9
A5.3 0.001 8.9 0.001 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.03 12
A5.4 0.003 1.7 0.001 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 11
A5.5 0.012 2.5 0.002 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.02 13


NO2 CO SO2 H2S TSP Benzene Xylen PM10 THC
Sample
mg/Nm
3

A5.6 0.008 2.7 0.002 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.03 7.8
A5.7 0.003 10 0.002 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.02 9.6
A5.8 0.005 2.5 0.002 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 5.8
A5.9 0.008 1.8 0.003 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.02 7.9
Average 0.005 4.0 0.002 <0.001 0.22 ND ND 0.02 9.3
A6.1 0.005 2.2 0.004 <0.001 1.16 ND ND 0.03 6.8
A6.2 0.007 1.9 0.003 <0.001 0.82 ND ND 0.02 7.3
A6.3 0.003 2.0 0.006 <0.001 0.48 ND ND 0.02 2.5
A6.4 0.007 2.0 0.007 <0.001 0.61 ND ND 0.02 5.9
A6.5 0.018 2.2 0.006 <0.001 0.34 ND ND 0.03 4.8
A6.6 0.006 1.0 0.006 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.03 6.7
A6.7 0.007 4.3 0.019 <0.001 0.07 ND ND 0.02 5.9
A6.8 0.007 4.5 0.008 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.03 8.3
A6.9 0.006 0.7 0.007 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.02 5.1
Average 0.007 2.3 0.007 <0.001 0.47 ND ND 0.02 5.9
A7.1 0.008 2.9 0.001 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.03 6.3
A7.2 0.009 3.8 0.006 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.02 9.2
A7.3 0.010 3.3 0.005 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 5.8
A7.4 0.006 4.5 0.007 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.02 6.8
A7.5 0.010 4.3 0.008 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.03 9.3
A7.6 0.009 1.9 0.006 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.03 8.5
A7.7 0.006 5.0 0.005 <0.001 0.35 ND ND 0.03 7.3
A7.8 0.003 2.5 0.005 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.03 5.9
A7.9 0.014 2.7 0.018 <0.001 0.07 ND ND 0.02 8.7
Average 0.008 3.4 0.007 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.02 7.5
A8.1 0.017 2.0 0.013 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.03 10
A8.2 0.007 2.8 0.006 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.02 11
A8.3 0.006 3.8 0.009 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.02 15
A8.4 0.014 1.8 0.009 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.02 16
A8.5 0.004 2.2 0.006 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.02 12
A8.6 0.005 2.3 0.003 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.03 5.9
A8.7 0.008 3.5 0.003 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.02 7.6
A8.8 0.009 1.9 0.031 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.03 8.9
A8.9 0.011 2.6 0.013 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.02 6.3
Average 0.009 2.6 0.010 <0.001 0.23 ND ND
(1)
0.02 10
QCVN 05:2009
(2)
0.2 30 0.35 - 0.3 - - -
(4)
-
QCVN 06:2009
(3)
- - - 0.042 - 0.022 1 - -
Note: (1) Not detected
(2) QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality, hourly average
(3) QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on hazardous substances in ambient air, hourly average
(4) Not stipulated


- Carbon monoxide (CO)

The CO is one of the most important parameters selected to be monitored in terms of gas emissions.
It is a poisonous gas, produced by incomplete combustion. Because combustion products from gas
turbines are mainly CO
2
and water, elevated amounts of CO in the air in this case were mainly derived
from the terminal flaring and refinery and petrochemical plant.

The average value of CO content at the sampling stations range in a narrow range in both seasons.
Compared to the survey in the rainy season, the CO content in the dry survey is a little higher but
these values are significantly lower than the allowable limit of 30mg/m
3
of QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT and
the allowable limit of 40mg/m
3
delineated by the Equator principles.

0.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
CO(mg/m
3
)
Station
CODry
season
CORainy
season

Figure 1.40 Variation of CO content at studied stations

- Total hydrocarbon content (THC)

There is a noticeable change in the THC content among sampling times over the course of the day.
The average value of the THC content recorded in the dry season is much lower than that in the rainy
season at all of sampling stations.

Based on GC chromatography, the dominant component of the THC composition was methane which
was derived from anaerobic decomposition of organic matter and micro-organism. In the rainy season,
increasing CH
4
values were recorded because the micro-organisms took advantage of increased
humidity to speed up their activities. Furthermore, as is characteristic of a light gas, methane tends to
move to higher level and diffuse into the atmosphere. At sampling time, this diffusion was limited by
low temperatures. Consequently, it was easy to collect methane with the other gases.


0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
THC(mg/m
3
)
Station
THCDry
season
THC
Rainy
season

Figure 1.41 Variation of THC content at studied stations

- Sulfur dioxide (SO
2
)

Sulfur dioxide (also sulfur dioxide) is the chemical compound with the formula SO
2
. It is produced
by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur
compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide. Further oxidation of SO
2
forms H
2
SO
4
, and
thus acid rain. This is considered an environmental impact of using these fuels as power sources.

All SO
2
content values are significantly lower than allowable limit (0.35mg/m
3
) of QCVN
05:2009/BTNMT.

0.004
0.001
0.006
0.011
0.016
0.021
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
SO
2
(mg/m
3
)
Station
SO2Dry
season
SO2
Rainy
season

2
content at studied stations

- Hydrogen Sulfide (H
2
S)

H
2
S is also a poisonous compound which is sometimes found in oil and gas. In addition, there are
several natural sources that release H
2
S into ambient air (bio-degradation of dead materials, factory
discharged wastes etc.). Natural H
2
S, however, is quite low due to its rapid transformation in air.


All H
2
S values recorded in both seasons are lower than the detection limit method and significantly
lower than the allowable limit (0.042 mg/m
3
) of QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT.

- Nitrogen dioxide (NO
2
)

NO
2
is also common emission products which may cause acid rain. Its presence in the air is easily
detected wherever fuel (oil and gas) combustion occurs.

In both of two sampling seasons, NO
2
content at all stations was lower than the allowable limit of 0.2
mg/m
3
(both in QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT.

0.001
0.004
0.009
0.014
0.019
0.024
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
NO
2
(mg/m
3
)
Station
NO2Dry
season
NO2
Rainy
season

2
content at studied stations

- Total Suspended Particulate (TSP)

With the exception of a certain amount of TSP which comes from stationary emission sources
(e.g. combustion flares), TSP in ambient air in this case was mainly generated by natural
conditions (e.g. traffic vehicle movement. wind disturbance).

The average value of TSP content is exceeded the allowable limit (0.3mg/m
3
QCVN
05:2009/BTNMT) at stations A4 and A6 in the rainy season. This may be due to the fact that TSP
is not only originated from terminal activity but also from other activities such as movement of
some trucks bulldozers, digging, etc.


0.05
0.05
0.15
0.25
0.35
0.45
0.55
0.65
0.75
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
TSP(mg/m
3
)
Station
SPMDry
season
SPM
Rainy
season

Figure 1.44 Variation of TSP content at studied stations

- Benzene and Xylene

Specific products of Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical Plant during the operating period are
benzene and xylene.

Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon compound. It occurs naturally in fossil fuels and is released into
the atmosphere as a result of natural processes, and human activities that involved the combustion of
organic matter, such as wood, coal, and petroleum products.

Petrol vehicle emissions are the predominant source of benzene in the environment, although
industries such as petroleum refining and steel works can also contribute to overall levels. Evaporative
losses from petroleum fuels storage facilities and service stations are another means by which
benzene enters the air environment.

At typical ambient concentrations, benzene does not have any short-term or acute health effects.
However long-term exposure to benzene has been linked to an increased incidence of blood and
immune system disorders including anaemia and leukemia.

Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon that exists in three isomeric forms Ortho, Meta, and Para Xylen.
This compound is a mixture of 40% m- xylene, 20% o- xylene and 20% ethyl benzene. Xylene occurs
naturally in crude oil and is also generated through combustion of organic matter such as wood, coal,
and petroleum products. Evaporation from petroleum fuels storage facilities and service stations, and
the use of products containing xylene based solvents and thinners are other ways xylene enters the
air environment.

Xylene exposure causes eye, nose and throat irritation and neurological effects such as impaired
reaction time short-term memory loss and the loss of bodily coordination. There is no evidence that
xylen is carcinogenic. The above effects do not occur at xylene levels typically experienced in ambient
air.

In both the rainy and dry seasons, benzene and xylene contents at all sampling stations are found at
concentrations lower than the detection limit of analytical methods (GC-MS method).


- PM10

Coarse Particulate Matter (PM10) is less than 10 micrometers in diameter. It primarily comes from
road dust, agriculture dust, river beds, construction sites, mining operations, and similar activities.

In generally, PM10 value at all sampling stations in the dry season is a little higher than that in the
rainy season. Hourly PM10 parameter is not stipulated in QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT.

0.005
0.005
0.015
0.025
0.035
0.045
0.055
0.065
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
PM10(mg/m
3
)
Station
PM10
Dry
season
PM10
Rainy
season

Figure 1.45 Variation of PM10 content at studied stations

b. 24 hours ambient air quality

At 3 stations (A1, A2 and A5) which are located in populated areas and are not affected by the
construction site, parameters of CO, SO
2
and TSP are measured continuously 24 hours in one day.
Analytical results of these parameters were presented in Table 1.21.

Table 1.21 24-hour ambient air quality

CO SO
2
TSP
Station
mg/m
3
mg/m
3
mg/m
3

A1 3.3 0.024 0.15
A2 4.4 0.037 0.14
A5 1.8 0.035 0.21
QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT (1) - 0.125 0.2
(1) QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality, 24 hourly average
(2) NAAQS = National Ambient Air Quality Standards (US EPA)

Accept for the TSP parameter at station A5 adjacent to the school of Mai Lam village which is a little
higher than allowable limit stipulated in QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT, all other parameters are much lower than
the allowable limit of QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT.

Noise and vibration quality

Analytical results of noise and vibration are shown in Tables 1.22 to 1.25 and Figures 1.46 to 1.50.


In order to check all noise and vibration results and perform the NSRP-LLCs request, in the second rainy
season survey (June, 2009), CPSE carried out intensive measurements of noise and vibration with a
frequency of 24 hours at stations: A1, A2, A5 , N1, N3, N4, N8, N11, N12, N19, N20.

At residential area

Table 1.22 Noise values at residential area (hourly average)

Dry season Rainy season Project Noise Standards
(1)

Sample
6am
6pm
6pm
10pm
10pm
6am
6am
6pm
6pm
10pm
10pm
6am
6am
6pm
6pm
10pm
10pm
6am
A6 73.6 66.7 55.0 56.9 57.2 56.6 70 70 50
A7 59.1 55.3 50.3 45.0 45.5 45.8 70 70 50
A8 49.7 48.1 47.0 43.6 43.9 43.7 70 70 50
N17 43.9 48.2 39.8 51.7 51.7 52.2 70 70 50
N18 43.6 58.3 39.9 46.5 47.0 47.2 70 70 50
N21 58.7 51.5 39.4 48.4 44.9 49.0 70 70 50
Notes: (1) Project Noise Standards, applied for residential areas

0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
A6 A7 A8 N17 N18 N21
Noise(dB)
Station
NoiseDryseason
NoiseRainyseason
ProjectNoiseStandards

Figure 1.46 Variation of noise values at residential area from 6am to 6pm


0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
A6 A7 A8 N17 N18 N21
Noise(dB)
Station
NoiseDryseason
NoiseRainyseason

Figure 1.47 Variation of noise values at residential area from 6pm to 10pm

0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
A6 A7 A8 N17 N18 N21
Noise(dB)
Station
NoiseDryseason
NoiseRainyseason

Figure 1.48 Variation of noise values at residential area from 10pm to 6am

Table 1.23 Noise value at residential area (5 hours average) in rainy

Sample Noise (dB)
A1 49.0
A2 47.6
A5 50.1
Notes: (1) Project Noise Standards, applied for residential areas
Table 1.24 Noise value at residential area (24 hours average) in rainy season

Sample Noise (dB)
A1 54.7
A2 56.0
A5 56.0


Table 1.25 Vibration values at residential area (hourly average)

Dry season Rainy season TCVN 6962:2001
(2)

Sample
7am-7pm 7pm-7am 7am-7pm 7pm-7am 7am-7pm 7pm-7am
A6 56.8 54.4 57.7 51.9 75 65
A7 53.7 50.5 52.7 51.5 75 65
A8 47.9 47.1 49.7 47.9 75 65
N17 44.2 44.9 45.7 45.8 75 65
N18 43.7 54.8 44.9 57.2 75 65
N21 50.5 46.5 51.5 50.6 75 65
Note: (2)TCVN 6962:2001: Vibration and shock Vibration emitted by construction works and factories - maximum permitted
levels in the environment of public and residential areas, applied for residential areas: Hotels, administration offices, Houses,
apartment houses, etc.

0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
A6 A7 A8 N17 N18 N21
Vibration(dB)
Station
VibrationDryseason
VibrationRainy season
TCVN 6962:2001

Figure 1.49 Variation of vibration values at residential area from 7am to 7pm
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
A6 A7 A8 N17 N18 N21
Vibration(dB)
Station
VibrationDryseason
VibrationRainy season
TCVN 6962:2001

Figure 1.50 Variation of vibration values at residential area from 7pm to 7am


Table 1.26 Vibration value at residential area (5 hours average) in dry season

Sample Vibration
A1 46.8
A2 46.8
A5 47.5

Table 1.27 Vibration value at residential area (24 hours average) in rainy season

Sample Vibration
A1 46.6
A2 46.6
A5 47.3

In general, noise values at residential areas in the dry and rainy seasons (except station A6) are lower
than the limit levels of Project Noise Standards. Noise values of station A6 in shift 1 (6am-6pm) and shift 3
(10pm-6am) are higher than the limit level because this station is located near the road with a lot of traffic.

The values of vibration at residential areas are lower than the limit level stipulated by Vietnamese standard
(TCVN 6962:2001).

As well as noise, vibration values in the dry season are not significantly different from the ones in the rainy
season.

These is little different in noise values as well as vibration values among measured times (1- hour, 5
hours and 24 hours)

At plant area

Table 1.28 Noise values at plan area (hourly average)

Dry season Rainy season Project Noise Standards
(1)

Sample
6am
6pm
6pm
10pm
10pm
6am
6am
6pm
6pm
10pm
10pm
6am
6am
6pm
6pm
10pm
10pm
6am
N2 74.9 75.5 48.6 54.9 54.6 54.8 70 70 70
N5 71.9 76.6 49.7 58.3 57.2 55.0 70 70 70
N6 68.3 64.1 48.3 52.0 50.7 49.0 70 70 70
N7 52.3 55.3 56.6 55.0 55.2 55.1 70 70 70
N9 61.4 55.7 55.5 54.3 53.8 53.6 70 70 70
N10 50.0 49.4 49.8 50.0 50.0 50.0 70 70 70
N13 50.6 46.5 46.3 53.0 51.5 51.2 70 70 70
N14 55.2 49.1 47.2 52.7 52.5 51.3 70 70 70
N15 52.7 51.5 50.8 51.2 51.9 50.9 70 70 70
N16 71.1 72.3 48.3 55.7 56.4 55.7 70 70 70
A3 49.6 49.4 47.9 49.2 49.4 48.8 70 70 70
A4 55.1 49.3 51.4 53.1 52.8 52.8 70 70 70
Note: (1) Project Noise Standards, applied for plan area.


Table 1.29 Noise at plan area (5 hours average) in Dry season

Sample Noise (dB)
N1 66.1
N3 73.5
N4 71.8
N8 48.1
N11 63.9
N12 67.0
N19 42.9
N20 42.4

Table 1.30 Noise at plan area (24 hours average) in Rainy season

Sample Noise (dB)
N1 55.8
N3 54.3
N4 52.8
N8 47.8
N11 46.4
N12 45.4
N19 46.9
N20 46.6

0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
N2 N5 N6 N7 N9 N10 N13 N14 N15 N16 A3 A4
Noise(dB)
Station
NoiseDry
season
NoiseRainy
season
ProjectNoise
Standards

Figure 1.51 Variation of noise values at plan area from 6am to 6pm


0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
N2 N5 N6 N7 N9 N10 N13 N14 N15 N16 A3 A4
Noise(dB)
Station
NoiseDry
season
NoiseRainy
season
ProjectNoise
Standards

Figure 1.52 Variation of noise values at plan area from 6pm to 10pm

0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
N2 N5 N6 N7 N9 N10 N13 N14 N15 N16 A3 A4
Noise(dB)
Station
NoiseDry
season
NoiseRainy
season
ProjectNoise
Standards

Figure 1.53 Variation of noise values at plan area from 10pm to 6am

Table 1.31 Vibration values at plan area (hourly average)

Dry season Rainy season TCVN 6962:2001
(2)

Sample
7am-7pm 7pm-7am 7am-7pm 7pm-7am 7am-7pm 7pm-7am
N2 64.1 61.5 64.9 63.2 75 65
N5 61.7 60.3 63.9 60.8 75 65
N6 60.5 55.2 62.5 60.9 75 65
N7 48.8 53.8 49.4 50.2 75 65
N9 50.7 52.7 48.7 51.3 75 65
N10 48.5 49.2 48.6 51.1 75 65
N13 48.7 46.8 49.0 45.3 75 65
N14 48.4 47.9 47.1 46.7 75 65
N15 49.1 49.9 47.2 48.8 75 65
N16 60.0 56.7 59.9 57.2 75 65
A3 47.9 47.2 47.2 45.9 75 65
A4 47.8 47.6 47.8 45.8 75 65


Note: (2) TCVN 6962:2001: Vibration and shock Vibration emitted by construction works and factories - maximum permitted
levels in the environment of public and residential areas, applied for residential areas: Hotels, administration offices, Houses,
apartment houses, etc.

Table 1.32 Vibration at plan area (5 hours average) in dry season

Sample Vibration (dB)
N1 61.1
N3 63.0
N4 61.3
N8 47.9
N11 60.1
N12 62.5
N19 42.5
N20 43.3

Table 1.33 Vibration at plan area (24 hours average) in rainy season

Sample Vibration (dB)
N1 62.6
N3 61.8
N4 58.7
N8 48.9
N11 51.8
N12 55.9
N19 45.8
N20 45.3

0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
N2 N5 N6 N7 N9 N10 N13 N14 N15 N16 A3 A4
Vibration(dB)
Station
VibrationDry
season
VibrationRainy
season
TCVN 6962:2001

Figure 1.54 Variation of vibration values at plan area from 7am to 7pm


0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
N2 N5 N6 N7 N9 N10 N13 N14 N15 N16 A3 A4
Vibration(dB)
Station
VibrationDry
season
VibrationRainy
season
TCVN 6962:2001

Figure 1.55 Variation of vibration values at plan area from 7pm to 7am
- Except N2, N5 and N16, noise values at other station are lower than the limit level of 70dB referred to
Project Noise Standards and the values in the dry season are not significantly different from the ones
in the rainy season.

- In shifts 1 and 2 (6am to 10pm), the noise values at N2, N5 and N16 exceed the limit level of Project
Noise Standards. This can be explained byt the fact that these stations are located near the road
where a lot of automobiles and trucks travel. Beside the affection of vehicles, the other stations (N5
and N16) are located near leveling works so that the noise values at these stations are higher than the
normal level.

- All vibration values in the plan area are lower than limit level stipulated in Vietnamese standard (TCVN
6962:2001). At all stations, the disparity of vibration values between the dry and rainy seasons is not
noticeable.

- There are not significant differences in the noise values as well as vibration among measured times (
1- hour, 5 hours and 24 hours).

7.2.2 Characteristics of Sediment/Soil

Sediment grain size distribution

Analytical results of sediment grain size distribution are summarized in Tables 1.34 and 1.35.


Table 1.34 Summary results of grain size distribution characteristics of soil sample

STATION MEAN PHI
STANDARD
DEVIATION
(PHI)
SKEW-
NESS
KUR-
TOSIS
%
COARSE
%
FINES
SORTING
INDEX
SEDIMENT
TYPE
VISUAL DESCRIPTION
B-2 3.52 1.73 0.96 4.92 0.89 19.66 Moderate Very Fine Sand
was black mud.
B-3 3.16 1.44 1.84 8.53 0.64 10.25 Good Very Fine Sand
There was seaweed in the
mud.

Table 1.35 Summary results of grain size distribution characteristics of soil sample
Rainy season (August, 2008)

STATION MEAN PHI
STANDARD
DEVIATION
(PHI)
SKEW-
NESS
KUR-
TOSIS
%
COARSE
%
FINES
SORTING
INDEX
SEDIMENT
TYPE
VISUAL DESCRIPTION
B-2 1.55 1.31 1.65 11.16 3.20 3.00 Good Medium Sand
and bivalves in the
mud.
B-3 3.80 1.86 1.38 4.20 0.00 23.79 Moderate Very Fine Sand
and bivalves in the
mud.

It is noted that, sediment at station B2 in the rainy season is coarser than that in the dry season. By visual
observation, dry season environmental status at station B2 is contaminated because of many waste
sources.

Hydrocarbon in sediment/soil

Results from sediment/soil hydrocarbon analysis are summarized in Table 1.36 and 1.37

Table 1.36 Summary results of hydrocarbon composition of soil sample
Dry season (February, 2009) (g/g)

B-2 14 2.2 4 0.7 6 19
B-3 2 1.8 4 3.8 1 5

Rainy season (Aug, 2008) (g/g)

B-2 2 0.3 2.2 0.9 7 2
B-3 2 1.8 3.9 2.9 1 4


Dry season (February, 2009) (g/g dry weight)

Station UCM n-C13-35 CPI Pr./Ph. UCM /n-C13-35 THC % TOM
D-1 2 2.0 3.5 0.9 1 6 1.9
D-2 1 0.4 2.1 0.8 3 3 0.5
D-3 18 3.3 1.6 0.7 5.4 28 4.4
D-4 2 0.7 3.9 0.7 2 4 0.9
D-5 2 1.4 2.7 0.8 1 5 1.7
D-6 2 1.8 4.4 0.8 1 6 2.0
D-7 76 2.0 2.2 0.4 38 84 2.8
D-8 7 0.6 1.6 0.9 11 16 1.6
D-9 5 2.4 7.4 0.5 2 9 1.7

Rainy season (Aug., 2008 and June, 2009) (g/g dry weight)

Station UCM n-C13-35 CPI Pr./Ph. UCM /n-C13-35 THC % TOM
D-1 0 1.0 3.8 0.6 0 2 0
D-2 0 0.4 1.9 1.0 1 1 0
D-3 2 0.9 3.8 0.3 2 5 2
D-4 0 0.5 3.9 0.7 1 1 0
D-5 3 1.6 4.4 0.8 2 6 3
D-6 2 1.1 4.6 0.5 2 5 2
D-7 205 ND ND ND ND 219 205
D-8 2 0.4 3.0 0.8 4 3 2
D-9 4 2.2 5 0.4 2 8 2.1

Similar to the variation of grain size, the total hydrocarbon contents in the sediment at station B2 in the dry
season is much higher than that in the dry season due to the difference of sediment characteristis between
two seasons.

The total hydrocarbon contents in the soil sample at the sampling stations change over a wide range (from
3 to 84g/g in dry season and from 1 to 219g/g in rainy season). In both seasons, the highest value of
THC is found at station D-7 station located at Nghi Son fishing village where organic waste of catching and
raising maritime products is discharged.


Metal in sediment/soil

Dry season (February, 2009) (g/g dry weight)

Station
Cu
(g/g)
Pb
(g/g)
Zn
(g/g)
Cd
(g/g)
Cr
(g/g)
Fe
(%)
Hg
(g/g)
B-2 26 34 65 < 1 43 3.1 0.27
B-3 8.4 17 46 < 1 27 1.5 0.052

Rainy season (August, 2008) (g/g dry weight)

Station
Cu
(g/g)
Pb
(g/g)
Zn
(g/g)
Cd
(g/g)
Cr
(g/g)
Fe
(%)
Hg
(g/g)
B-2 7 20 31 < 1 3.0 19 0.038
B-3 13 18 46 < 1 3.1 63 0.030

Table 1.42 Summary results of metals in soil samples
Dry season (Feb., 2009) (g/g dry weight)

Station
Cu
(g/g)
Pb
(g/g)
Zn
(g/g)
Cd
(g/g)
Cr
(g/g)
Fe
(%)
Hg
(g/g)
D-1 8.3 19 32 < 1 28 1.6 0.12
D-2 9.6 6.9 8.9 < 1 11 0.81 0.069
D-3 17 17 45 < 1 13 1.0 0.074
D-4 5.5 17 29 < 1 17 1.3 0.087
D-5 11 29 57 < 1 28 2.1 0.14
D-6 7.4 27 68 < 1 38 2.4 0.11
D-7 37 19 69 < 1 19 1.9 0.21
D-8 17 24 28 < 1 39 2.4 0.067
D-9 11 15 52 < 1 22 1.5 0.10
QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT
(*)
100 300 300 10 - - -
(*): QCVN 03:2008: National technical regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metals in the soils column applied for industrial soil.

Table 1.43 Summary results of metals in soil samples
Rainy season (August, 2008 and June, 1009) (g/g dry weight)

Station
Cu
(g/g)
Pb
(g/g)
Zn
(g/g)
Cd
(g/g)
Cr
(g/g)
Fe
(%)
Hg
(g/g)
D-1 14 22 42 < 1 2.1 38 0.048
D-2 14 14 24 < 1 1.5 22 0.040
D-3 17 15 32 < 1 0.87 14 <0.02
D-4 7 27 32 < 1 1.9 22 0.034
D-5 12 27 64 < 1 3.4 41 0.050
D-6 11 28 84 < 1 3.1 57 0.034


Station
Cu
(g/g)
Pb
(g/g)
Zn
(g/g)
Cd
(g/g)
Cr
(g/g)
Fe
(%)
Hg
(g/g)
D-7 19 27 29 < 1 4.3 52 0.073
D-8 14 46 38 < 1 2.3 39 0.037
D-9 8.2 22 79 < 1 15 1.2 0.066
QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT
(*)
100 300 300 10 - - -

At all onshore stations, the metal contents in the soil samples are lower than the limit values of QCVN
03:2008/BTNMT.

Except for Hg content, the metal content in the soil fluctuates within a narrow range in both seasons.

At all studied stations, Cd contents are found at lower levels than the detection limit (1g/g). The Fe
content in the sediment as well as the soil recorded in the rainy season is much higher than that in the dry
season.

7.2.3 The macrobenthic community at the onshore area

The summary result of macrobenthos community at two onshore stations are presented in Table 1.44 and
Figures 1.56 to 1.61. The detailed results are showed in Appendix B.

Table 1.44 The parameters of macrobenthos community at two onshore stations
in rainy and dry seasons
Station
Taxon quantity
(taxa/0.3m
2
)
Density
(ind./m
2
)
Biomass (g/m
2
) H(s) J C
Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain
B2 2 14 23 770.00 0.34 191.23 0.59 1.08 0.59 0.28 0.73 0.72
B3 12 10 83 86.67 4.61 0.19 3.04 2.80 0.85 0.84 0.18 0.19
Average 7.0 12 53.3 428.3 2.48 95.71 1.82 1.94 0.72 0.56 0.46 0.46

It is evident that the macrobenthos community is much different in number of taxon, density as well as
biomass. They are high or low according to the sampling location as well as the sampling season (Table
1.44).

The community indices are also much different between stations. However, it is similar between seasons.
They indices are good at station B3 but poor at station B2.

The composition of taxon quantity, density and biomass are presented on Figure 1.56; 1.57; 1.58; 1.59;
1.60 and 1.61.

There are 4 groups of benthic fauna identified including Polychaeta, Crustacea, Mollusca and
Echinodermata. Polychaeta represent the largest portion of taxon quantity; followed in turn by Crustacea
or Mollusca and Echinodermata. In density, Mollusca group takes the largest portion; the second large
portion belongs to Polychaeta then Crustacea.

Biomass changes considerably between seasons as well as between sampling stations; in the rainy
season, the biomass value is too very high based on the increasing biomass of Mollusca. Therefore, the
biomass portion is the highest in this season; in the dry season the largest portion belongs to Crustacea.



0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
B2 B3
D
e
n
s
i
t
y

(
I
n
d
.
/
m
2
)
Station
PO MO EC CR
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
B2 B3
D
e
n
s
i
t
y

(
I
n
d
.
/
m
2
)
Station
CR EC MO PO
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
B2 B3
Station
N
u
m

b
e
r

o
f

t
a
x
o
n
CR EC MO PO
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
B2 B3
Station
N
u
m

b
e
r

o
f

t
a
x
o
n
CR EC MO PO



7.2.4 Physical-chemical characteristics of water

Surface water

The surface water analytical results are presented in Tables 1.45 to 1.50.

Table 1.45 Analytical results of physical characteristics of surface water
at the onshore area Dry season (February, 2009)

In-situ measurement
No. Samples
pH Salinity Temp.
o
C
1 WB - 2.1 7.4 31 23
2 WB - 2.2 7.5 32 23
Average 7.5 31 23
3 WB - 3.1 7.2 32 22
4 WB - 3.2 7.2 32 22
Average 7.2 32 22
QCVN 08 : 2008/BTNMT 5.5 9 - -
QCVN 08: 2008/BTNMT, column B2: National technical regulation on surface water quality

0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
B2 B3
B
i
o
m
a
s
s

(
I
n
d
.
/
m
2
)
Station
CR EC MO PO
0.0
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
B2 B3
St at i on
CR EC MO PO


Table 1.46 Analytical results of physical characteristics of surface water
at the onshore area Rainy season (August, 2008)

In-situ measurement
No. Samples
pH Salinity Temp.
o
C
1 WB - 2.1 7.4 32 27
2 WB - 2.2 7.5 32 28
Average 7.5 32 28
3 WB - 3.1 7.3 32 27
4 WB - 3.2 7.2 31 28
Average 7.3 31 27
QCVN 08 : 2008/BTNMT 5.5 9 - -

Table 1.47 Analytical results of chemical characteristics of surface water
at the onshore areas Dry season (February, 2009)

Parameters (mg/l)
No Sample
TSS
Oil and
grease
(mg/l)
NH4
+
SO4
2-

Total
N
Total
P
Phenol TOC Benzene CN- BOD COD
Coliform
(MPN/100
ml)
1 B - 2.1 30 0.010 0.047 1400 0.87 0.028 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.55 1.7 17
2 B - 2.2 30 0.011 0.045 1400 0.82 0.018 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.59 1.7 21
Average 30 0.011 0.046 1400 0.84 0.023 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.57 1.7 19
3 B - 3.1 17 0.012 <0.004 1300 1.05 0.016 <0.001 2.9 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8 21
4 B - 3.2 16 0.012 <0.004 1300 1.02 0.014 <0.001 2.8 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8 22
Average 17 0.012 <0.004 1300 1.03 0.015 <0.001 2.8 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.8 22
QCVN 08 :
2008/BTNMT
100 0.3 1 - - - 0.02 - - 0.02 25 50 10000
QCVN 08: 2008/BTNMT, column B2: National technical regulation on surface water quality

Table 1.48 Analytical results of chemical characteristics of surface water
at the onshore areas Rainy season (August, 2008)

Parameters (mg/l)
No. Sample
TSS Oil and grease NH4
+
Total N Total P Phenol TOC Benzene CN
-
BOD
Coliform
(MPN/100ml)
1 WB - 2.1 6.5 0.010 <0.004 0.70 <0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.85 130
2 WB - 2.2 5.1 0.011 <0.004 0.70 <0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.73 79
Average 5.8 0.011 <0.004 0.70 <0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.79 105
3 WB - 3.1 28 0.012 0.060 1.01 <0.007 <0.001 3.4 < 0.001 < 0.007 2.59 14
4 WB - 3.2 25 0.012 0.061 1.04 <0.007 <0.001 3.3 < 0.001 < 0.007 2.63 7
Average 26 0.012 0.060 1.03 <0.007 <0.001 3.35 < 0.001 < 0.007 2.61 11
QCVN 08 :
2008/BTNMT
100 0.3 1 - - 0.02 - - 0.02 25 10000


Table 1.49 Analytical results of metals of surface water at the onshore areas
Dry season (Feb., 2009)

Sample
Cu
(mg/l)
Pb
(mg/l)
Zn
(mg/l)
Cd
(mg/l)
Cr
(mg/l)
Fe
(mg/l)
Hg
(mg/l)
B - 2.1 <0.005 0.004 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.34 < 0.001
B - 2.2 <0.005 0.005 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.32 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.004 <0.005-0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.33 < 0.001
B - 3.1 <0.005 0.004 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.24 < 0.001
B - 3.2 <0.005 0.002 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.25 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.003 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.24 < 0.001
QCVN 08 : 2008/BTNMT 1 0.05 2 0.01 0.05 2 0.002
QCVN 08 : 2008/BTNMT, Column B2: National technical regulation on surface water quality
Table 1.50 Analytical results of metals of surface water at the onshore areas
Rainy season (August, 2008)

Station
Cu (mg/l)
Pb
(mg/l)
Zn
(mg/l)
Cd
(mg/l)
Cr
(mg/l)
Fe
(mg/l) Hg (mg/l)
WB - 2.1 <0.005 0.002 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 0.12 < 0.001
WB - 2.2 <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001-0.002 <0.005-0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08-0.12 < 0.001
WB - 3.1 <0.005 0.001 0.021 <0.005 < 0.02 0.50 < 0.001
WB - 3.2 <0.005 0.006 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 0.73 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.004 0.015 <0.005 < 0.02 0.61 < 0.001
QCVN 08 : 2008/BTNMT 1 0.05 2 0.01 0.05 2 0.002

All analytical results of surface water in both seasons are quite good and lower than allowable limits
stipulated in QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT.

Phenol, benzene, CN
-
and some heavy metal contents are found under the detection limit of analytical
methods.

TSS, NH
4
+
and total P contents at station B2 in the dry season is much higher than the in rainy season. It
agrees with visual observations that in the dry season, environmental status is considerably worse than
that in the rainy season.

The total oil content and presence of trace metals are the major parameters used for water quality
assessment. A certain amount of these matters come from various sources such as industrial or shipping
wastes. Meanwhile, nitrogen and phosphorous compounds are related to plant nutrients. Various human
activities might greatly accelerate the concentration of these compounds in water, especially in natural
lakes.


0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
B2 B3
pH
Station
pHDryseason
pHRainyseason

Figure 1.62 Variation of pH at onshore sampling stations
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
B2 B3
Salinity
Station
SalinityDryseason
SalinityRainyseason

Figure 1.63 Variation of Salinity at onshore sampling stations


0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
B2 B3
Temp.
o
C
Station
TempDryseason
TempRainyseason

Figure 1.64 Variation of Temperature at onshore sampling stations
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
B2 B3
TSS(mg/l )
Station
TSSDryseason
TSSRainyseason

Figure 1.65 Variation of TSS content at onshore sampling stations
0.000
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.012
0.014
B2 B3
THC(mg/l)
Station
THCDryseason
THCRainy
season


Figure 1.66 Variation of THC content at onshore sampling stations
0.000
0.010
0.020
0.030
0.040
0.050
0.060
0.070
0.080
0.090
0.100
B2 B3
NH
4
+
(mg/l)
Station
NH4Dryseason
NH4Rainyseason

4
+
content at onshore sampling stations
0.000
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.030
0.035
B2 B3
TotalP(mg/l)
Station
TotalPDry season
TotalPRainyseason

Figure 1.68 Variation of Total P content at onshore sampling stations


Figure 1.69 Variation of Total N content at onshore sampling stations
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
B2 B3
TOC(mg/l)
Station
TOCDry season
TOCRainyseason

Figure 1.70 Variation of TOC content at onshore sampling stations
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
B2 B3
BOD(mg/l)
Station
BODDryseason
BODRainyseason

Figure 1.71 Variation of BOD content at onshore sampling stations


0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
B2 B3
COD
Station
CODDry season
CODRainyseason

Figure 1.72 Variation of COD content at onshore sampling stations
Ground water

The ground water analytical results are presented in Tables 1.51 to 1.56.

Table 1.51 Analytical results of physical characteristics of ground water

In-situ measurement
No. Samples
pH Color (Co/Pt)
1 G - 1 6.3 225
2 G - 2 6.7 22
3 G - 3 7.0 <5
4 G - 4 5.1 <5
5 G - 5 7.1 <5
6 G - 6 7.7 <5
7 G - 7 6.7 <5
QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT 5.5 - 8.5 -
Source: QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on underground water quality

Table 1.52 Analytical results of physical characteristics of ground water

In-situ measurement
No. Samples
pH Color (Co/Pt)
1 G - 1 6.1 221
2 G - 2 7.1 34
3 G - 3 6.6 3.9
4 G - 4 4.4 1.8
5 G - 5 7.0 1.8
6 G - 6 7.8 <5
7 G - 7 7.3 <5
QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT 5.5 - 8.5 -


Table 1.53 Analytical results of chemical characteristics of ground water

Parameter (mg/l)
Sample
Mineral
oil and
grease
NH4
+
SO4
2-
NO3
-
Phenol Cl- Benzene CN- TDS
Hardness
(mgCaCO3/l)
COD
Coliform
(MPN/
100ml)
Feacal
coliform
(MPN/
100ml)
G - 1 0.014 0.066 30 1.39 <0.001 43 < 0.001 < 0.007 295 95 5.0 34 14
G - 2 0.013 0.016 34 1.99 <0.001 53 < 0.001 < 0.007 295 90 3.4 49 14
G - 3 0.011 <0.004 30 1.52 <0.001 39 < 0.001 < 0.007 390 195 1.7 33 23
G - 4 0.014 0.0048 25 1.82 <0.001 58 < 0.001 < 0.007 245 65 2.5 350 240
G - 5 0.008 <0.004 24 0.08 <0.001 30 < 0.001 < 0.007 265 85 2.5 2 0
G - 6 0.011 <0.004 42 1.25 <0.001 84 < 0.001 < 0.007 640 220 1.7 110 2
G - 7 0.012 0.017 29 0.98 <0.001 78 < 0.001 < 0.007 600 250 5.6 790 5
QCVN 09 :
2008/BTNMT
- 0.1 400 15 0.001 250 - 0.01 - 500 4 3 -

Table 1.54 Analytical results of chemical characteristics of ground water

Parameter (mg/l)
Sample Mineral
oil and
grease
NH4
+
SO4
2-
NO3
-
Phenol Cl- Benzene CN- TDS
Hardness
(mgCaCO3/l)
COD
Coliform
(MPN/
100ml)
Feacal
coliform
(MPN/
100ml)
G - 1 0.024 0.037 11 0.19 <0.001 50 < 0.001 < 0.007 - 40 11 3400 1700
G - 2 0.012 0.12 26 0.21 <0.001 106 < 0.001 < 0.007 - 160 3.5 140 27
G - 3 0.011 0.011 21 1.7 <0.001 71 < 0.001 < 0.007 - 370 7.1 700 33
G - 4 0.014 0.066 41 1.4 <0.001 355 < 0.001 < 0.007 - 320 4.7 49 22
G - 5 0.006 <0.004 6.7 0.20 <0.001 28 < 0.001 < 0.007 - 180 4.7 23 2
G - 6 0.024 0.037 11 0.19 <0.001 50 < 0.001 < 0.007 - 40 11 3400 1700
G - 7
0.013 0.020
25 1.5 <0.001 91 < 0.001 < 0.007 660 250 5.1 172x10 9x10
QCVN 09 :
2008/BTNMT
- 0.1 400 15 0.001 250 - 0.01 - 500 4 3 -

Table 1.55 Analytical results of metals of ground water Dry season (Feb., 2009)

Mn
(mg/l)
G - 1 - KL <0.005 0.007 0.017 <0.005 < 0.02 0.19 < 0.001 0.03
G - 2 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 0.10 < 0.001 < 0.03
G - 3 - KL <0.005 0.002 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.18 < 0.001 0.68
G - 4 - KL <0.005 0.004 0.014 <0.005 < 0.02 0.29 < 0.001 < 0.03
G - 5 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.042 <0.005 < 0.02 0.11 < 0.001 < 0.03
G - 6 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.09 < 0.001 <0.03
G - 7 - KL <0.005 0.004 0.023 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 0.04
QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT 1 0.01 3 0.005 0.05 5 0.001 0.5
QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on underground water quality


Table 1.56 Analytical results of metals of ground water
Rainy season (Aug., 2008 and June, 2009)

Mn
(mg/l)
G - 1 - KL 0.029 0.008 0.030 <0.005 0.28 < 0.08 < 0.001 0.12
G - 2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 0.03
G - 3 - KL 0.005 0.003 0.013 <0.005 0.25 < 0.08 < 0.001 1.40
G - 4 - KL <0.005 0.01 0.15 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 0.31
G - 5 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 0.03
G - 6 - KL 0.029 0.008 0.030 <0.005 0.28 < 0.08 < 0.001 0.12
G - 7 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 <0.03
QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT 1 0.01 3 0.005 0.05 5 0.001 0.5
In both seasons, with the exception of station G-1 which is a shallow well, in which the water is turbid and
is yellow in color. At all remaining stations, the water of the wells are clear and colorless.

In the rainy season as well as in the dry season, most analytical results of ground water are quite good
and lower than the allowable limit of QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT, with the exception of coliform levels (at all
of stations) and Mn (at station G-3) in ground water, which exceeds the allowable limit. There are no
specific standard applicable to ground water stipulated in the Equator Principles at this moment.

Phenol, CN-, and most of heavy metal contents are also found lower at levels lower than the detection
limits of the analytical methods used.

0.000
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.030
0.035
0.040
G 1 G 2 G 3 G 4 G 5 G 6 G 7
THC(mg/l)
Station
THCDryseason
THCRainyseason

Figure 1.73 Variation of THC content at ground water sampling stations


0.000
0.020
0.040
0.060
0.080
0.100
0.120
0.140
0.160
0.180
0.200
G 1 G 2 G 3 G 4 G 5 G 6 G 7
NH
4
+
(mg/l)
Station
NH4Dryseason
NH4Rainyseason

4
+
content at ground water sampling stations

0
100
200
300
400
500
600
G 1 G 2 G 3 G 4 G 5 G 6 G 7
SO
4
2
(mg/l)
Station
SO4Dryseason
SO4Rainyseason

4
2-
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
G 1 G 2 G 3 G 4 G 5 G 6 G 7
NO
3
(mg/l)
Station
NO3Dryseason
NO3Rainyseason

3
-


0
100
200
300
400
500
600
G 1 G 2 G 3 G 4 G 5 G 6 G 7
Cl
(mg/l)
Station
ClDryseason
ClRainyseason

Figure 1.77 Variation of Cl
-

0
100
200
300
400
500
600
G 1 G 2 G 3 G 4 G 5 G 6 G 7
Hardness
(mgCaCO3/l)
Station
HardnessDry
season
HardnessRainy
season

Figure 1.78 Variation of Hardness content at ground water sampling stations


1
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
G 1 G 2 G 3 G 4 G 5 G 6 G 7
COD(mg/l)
Station
CODDry season
CODRainyseason

Figure 1.79 Variation of COD content at ground water sampling stations

7.2.5 Planktonic community

The summary results for the phytoplankton community at two onshore stations are presented in Table
1.57 and Figures 1.80 to 1.83. The detailed results are showed in Appendix B.

Table 1.57 The parameters of phytoplankton community at two onshore stations

Taxon quantity
(taxa/0.05m
3
)
Density
(10
3
cells/m
3
)
H(s) J C
Station

B2 19 19 5670 318 2.85 3.27 0.67 0.77 0.26 0.14
B3 15 14 15939 175 2.61 2.07 0.67 0.54 0.20 0.41
Average 17 17 10805 247 2.73 2.67 0.67 0.66 0.23 0.27

The diversity of the phytoplankton community (H(s), taxon quantity) varies considerably between the two
studied stations but is similar between seasons. At station B2, both taxon quantity and the diversity index
are higher than at station B3. The changing of other parameters (density, J and C) of phytoplankton is
within the normal range between both stations between seasons (Table 1.57).

Concerning taxon composition, for both seasons, there are 3 phyla present including Bacillariophyta,
Dinophyta and Cyanophyta. The Bacillariophyta is the most diverse. It accounts for 73% and 58% of total
taxons in both the dry and rainy seasons. Following these are Dianophyta and Cyanophyta (Figure 1.80
and 1.81).

In regards to density composition, Bacillariophyta accounts for the largest portion, in the dry season;
following which is Cyanophyta and then Dianophyata. However, in the rainy season, the highest portion
belongs to Cyanophyta phylum. The portions of the others are nearly equal (see Figure 1.83).



Zooplankton

The summary results for the zooplankton community at two onshore stations are presented in Table 1.58
and Figures 1.84; 1.85; 1.86 and 1.87. The detail results are showed in Appendix B.

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
B2 B3
Station
N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

t
a
x
o
n
BA CY DI
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
B2 B3
Station
N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

t
a
x
o
n
BA CY DI
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
B2 B3
Station
D
e
n
s
i
t
y

(
x
1
0
3
c
e
l
l
/
m
3
)
BA CY DI
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
B2 B3
Station
D
e
n
s
i
t
y

(
x
1
0
3
c
e
l
l
/
m
3
)
BA CY DI
phytoplankton phylum on dry season
phytoplankton phylum on rainy season
phytoplankton phylum on dry season
phytoplankton phylum on rainy season


Table 1.58 The parameters of zooplankton community at two onshore stations
in rainy and dry seasons

The parameters of zooplankton community show great variation according to location and season. With
the exception of density, all other indices are at relatively poor levels; especially at B2 where just one
taxon is present in the rainy season. At both of the two studied stations, the density in the dry season is
much higher than that in the rainy season (see Table 1.58).

In regards to taxon composition, there are four groups presented including Copepoda, Ostracoda,
Chaetognata and Larva. The taxon of larva group is not defined. Copepoda is predominantly present in
both seasons as well as at both stations. Ostracoda is only present in the dry season while Chaetognata is
only present in the rainy season (see Figure 7.2.5.5 and 7.2.5.6)

In regards to the density composition, Copepoda also represents the largest portion in the dry season and
accounts for the second largest portion in the rainy season. The larva group represents the greatest
portion in terms of density in both seasons. (See figure 7.2.5.7 and 7.2.5.8).

Taxon quantity Density (ind./m
3
) H(s) J C
Station
B2 5.0 1.0 1960.0 300.0 2.05 0.00 0.88 - 0.12 1.00
B3 4.0 4.0 1040.0 360.0 1.69 1.97 0.85 0.99 0.08 0.26
Average 4.5 2.5 1500.0 330.0 1.87 0.99 0.86 0.99 0.10 0.63
0
1
2
3
4
5
B2 B3
Station
N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

t
a
x
o
n
CO OS
0
1
2
3
4
5
B2 B3
Station
N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

t
a
x
o
n
CH CO



0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
B2 B3
Station
D
e
n
s
i
t
y

(
x
1
0
3
/
m
3
)
CO LA OS
0
100
200
300
400
500
B2 B3
Station
D
e
n
s
i
t
y

(
x
1
0
3
/
m
3
)
CH CO LA


7.3 Coastal area

7.3.1 Characteristics of seabed sediment

Grain size distribution in seabed sediment

Grain size distribution in seabed sediment is summarized in Tables 1.59 to 1.60. A visual description of
surface sediment and sampling times are detailed in Appendix A Survey log.


STATION MEAN PHI
STANDARD
DEVIATION
(PHI)
SKEW-NESS KUR-TOSIS
%
COARSE
%
FINES
SORTING
INDEX
SEDIMENT
TYPE
VISUAL
DESCRIPTION
K-7 5.11 1.89 0.59 2.49 0.00 57.63 Moderate Medium Silt
Sediment was a
mixture of mud
and a little sand.
K-8 2.43 2.28 0.79 4.04 5.60 11.56 Poor Fine Sand
Sediment was a
mixture of sand
and a little mud.
K-9 4.78 1.87 0.91 2.68 0.00 41.94 Moderate Coarse Silt
Sediment was a
mixture of mud
and a little sand.
K-10 3.86 1.42 1.50 7.91 0.69 17.69 Good Very Fine Sand
There were
organisms in the
sediment.
Sediment was a
mixture of sand
and mud.
There were
organisms in the
sediment.
Sediment was a
mixture of sand
and mud.
There were
organisms in the
sediment.
Sediment was a
mixture of sand
and mud.
E-1 3.21 1.40 -0.17 8.91 2.49 6.75 Good Very Fine Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment.
Sediment was a
mixture of sand
and a little mud.
E-18 3.74 0.95 3.28 15.69 0.00 10.62 Very Good Very Fine Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment.
Sediment was a
mixture of sand
and a little mud.
B-1 3.51 0.53 4.87 46.10 0.00 2.55 Very Good Very Fine Sand
There were shell
fragments and
bivalves in the
sediment.
Sediment was
sand.
B-4 3.74 1.15 1.76 14.21 0.84 9.68 Good Very Fine Sand
There were shell
fragments and
bivalves in the
sediment.
Sediment was
sand.


STATION MEAN PHI
STANDARD
DEVIATION
(PHI)
SKEW-NESS KUR-TOSIS
%
COARSE
%
FINES
SORTING
INDEX
SEDIMENT
TYPE
VISUAL
DESCRIPTION
There were shell
fragments and
bivalves in the
sediment.
Sediment was
sand.
B-6 3.48 0.73 -2.22 38.94 1.23 2.42 Very Good Very Fine Sand
There were shell
fragments and
bivalves in the
sediment.
Sediment was
sand.
B-7 2.06 2.30 0.43 3.17 13.26 12.81 Poor Fine Sand
There was
seaweed in the
sediment.
Sediment was
mud.
B-8 4.44 1.85 1.12 3.32 0.03 33.32 Moderate Coarse Silt
Sediment was a
mixture of sand
and mud
B-9 6.39 1.61 -0.27 3.30 0.00 93.62 Moderate Fine Silt
Sediment was a
mixture of mud
and a little sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment.
Sediment was
sand.
B-11 2.15 3.09 0.55 2.26 20.23 23.74 Extremely Poor Fine Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment.
Sediment was
sand.

Rainy season (August 2008 and June 2009)

STATION MEAN PHI
STANDARD
DEVIATION
(PHI)
SKEW-NESS KUR-TOSIS
%
COARSE
%
FINES
SORTING
INDEX
SEDIMENT
TYPE
VISUAL
DESCRIPTION
K-7 5.66 2.08 -0.27 3.01 0.66 75.50 Poor Medium Silt
There were
organisms in the
sediment.
Sediment was a
mixture of sand
and mud.
K-8 3.42 1.48 1.79 7.39 0.34 15.11 Good Very Fine Sand
There were
organisms in the
sediment.
Sediment was a
mixture of sand
and mud.
K-9 4.93 2.16 0.41 2.10 0.00 53.68 Poor Coarse Silt
Sediment was a
mixture of mud
and a little sand.
K-10 3.71 2.16 0.57 3.71 2.61 29.45 Poor Very Fine Sand
There was a little
organism and shell
fragments in the
sediment.
Sediment was a
mixture of sand
and mud.
K-11 6.12 1.77 0.03 2.31 0.00 85.37 Moderate Fine Silt
There was a little
organism and shell
fragments in the


STATION MEAN PHI
STANDARD
DEVIATION
(PHI)
SKEW-NESS KUR-TOSIS
%
COARSE
%
FINES
SORTING
INDEX
SEDIMENT
TYPE
VISUAL
DESCRIPTION
sediment.
Sediment was a
mixture of mud
and a little sand.
K-12 6.40 1.69 -0.04 2.48 0.00 92.51 Moderate Fine Silt
There was a little
organism in the
sediment.
Sediment was a
mixture of mud
and a little sand.
E-1 3.54 1.69 0.33 6.48 2.61 16.07 Moderate Very Fine Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment.
Sediment was a
mixture of sand
and a little mud.
E-18 4.06 1.30 2.33 7.82 0.00 21.28 Good Coarse Silt
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment.
Sediment was a
mixture of sand
and a little mud.
B-1 0.95 1.16 1.17 8.74 4.31 1.03 Good Coarse Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment.
Sediment was
sand.
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment.
Sediment was
sand.
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment.
Sediment was
sand.
B-6 2.82 0.72 1.78 22.21 0.38 1.81 Very Good Fine Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment.
Sediment was
sand.
B-7 3.41 2.73 0.23 2.58 7.89 31.39 Very Poor Very Fine Sand
There were shells.
water-plants and
mosses in the
sediment.
Sediment was a
mixture of mud
and a little sand.
B-8 2.96 1.23 2.59 11.72 0.16 8.31 Good Fine Sand
There were
organisms in the
sediment.
Sediment was
sand.
B-9 2.87 1.22 2.94 13.70 0.20 8.13 Good Fine Sand
There were
organisms in the
sediment.
Sediment was
sand.
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment.
Sediment was
sand.
B-11 2.15 3.09 0.55 2.26 20.23 23.74 Extremely Poor Fine Sand
There were shell
fragments in the
sediment.
Sediment was


STATION MEAN PHI
STANDARD
DEVIATION
(PHI)
SKEW-NESS KUR-TOSIS
%
COARSE
%
FINES
SORTING
INDEX
SEDIMENT
TYPE
VISUAL
DESCRIPTION
sand.

The sediment characteristics in the coastal area vary considerably among stations because of differences
in geological characteristics. The sediment at coastal sampling stations are classified as very fine silt to
fine sand in the rainy season and is classified as fine silt to fine sand in dry season. It should be noted
that, dredging activities in the area of the shipping channel was observed during the dry season survey, so
sediment at stations B8 and B9 seem to be finer than found in the rainy survey.

It was also recorded that sediment at station B1 is significantly different between the two sampling
seasons. This may be due to the fact that stations B1 is located at the estuary of Bang River, which is
noticeably effected by the current, and the weather from season to season.

0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
B1 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 E1 E18 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11 K12
Meanphi
Station
Meanphi
Dryseason
Meanphi
Rainy
season

Figure 1.88 Variation of Mean phi at coastal sampling stations

0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
%Fines
Station
%FinesDry
season
%Fines
Rainy
season

Figure 1.89 Variation of fine content at coastal sampling stations


Hydrocarbons in sediment
Analytical results of hydrocarbon composition are summarized in Tables 1.61 and 1.62


Station UCM n-C13-35 CPI Pr./Ph. UCM / n-C13-35 THC
K-7 10 1.2 4 1.5 8 13
K-8 1.4 0.3 1 0.7 5 2
K-9 13 1.1 3 1.1 11 16
K-10 5.8 0.9 3 2.3 7 9
K-11 6.1 1.3 4 2.1 5 9
K-12 5.3 1.3 4 2.0 4 8
E-1 2 0.4 3 2.1 5 2
E-18 2 0.4 1 0.6 6 2
B-1 2 0.3 1 0.8 9 3
B-4 2 0.4 1 1.2 5 2
B-5 2 0.2 1 1.1 8 2
B-6 2 0.2 1 0.9 8 2
B-7 4 2.0 4 1.2 2 8
B-8 15 1.5 3 1.1 10 19
B-9 18 2.1 4 3.9 9 23
B-10 2 0.2 2 0.6 10 5
B-11 4 0.9 2 0.8 4 6

Rainy season (Aug. 2008 and June, 2009)

K-7 18 1.7 4.2 2.2 11 22
K-8 5 0.6 2.3 1.7 9 7
K-9 29 1.1 2.8 1.4 26 32
K-10 2 0.4 3.0 1.3 6 3
K-11 7 1.3 4.1 3.7 5 9
K-12 6 1.4 4.1 3.0 4 9
E-1 1 0.3 1.6 0.6 6 3
E-18 1 0.3 1.5 1.1 5 3
B-1 2 0.2 1.0 0.9 10 2
B-4 1 0.2 1.5 1.7 7 2
B-5 1 0.2 1.7 1.7 8 2
B-6 1 0.2 1.5 1.7 6 2
B-7 11 2.2 3.8 0.9 5 17
B-8 10 0.6 2.6 1.1 17 11


B-9 7 0.3 1.5 1.0 26 8
B-10 2 0.2 2 0.6 10 3
B-11 4 0.9 2 0.8 4 6

THC values at the coastal sampling stations vary within a wide range in both the rainy and dry seasons
(from 2 to 23 g/g in dry season and from 2 to 32 in rainy season). All THC values are in low.

Similarly to grain size distribution, THC value at stations B8, B9 and K9 greatly differ between the rainy
season and the dry season because of the deredging activities in the area of the shipping channel are
observed in dry survey.

All CPI values (Carbon Preference Index) are higher in both the rainy and dry seasons. This corresponds
to odd chain length n-alkanes predominating in comparison with even chain lengths. This is a feature of
the hydrocarbon distributions found in plants and other biological compounds. Non-petrogenic
hydrocarbons contribute a given proportion in the total hydrocarbon compositions.

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
THC
Station
THCDry
season
THCRainy
season

Figure 1.90 Variation of THC content at coastal sampling stations

Metals in sediment

Analytical results of metals in sediment are summarized in Tables 1.63 and 1.64.


Station Cu (g/g)
Pb
(g/g)
Zn (g/g) Cd (g/g)
Cr
(g/g)
V (g/g)
Fe
(%)
Hg (g/g)
K-7 30 32 77 < 1 54 < 63 - 0.106
K-8 14 17 50 < 1 41 < 63 - 0.114
K-9 23 13 71 < 1 48 < 63 - 0.034
K-10 12 8.5 55 < 1 33 < 63 - 0.031
K-11 27 16 73 < 1 53 < 63 - 0.024


Station Cu (g/g)
Pb
(g/g)
Zn (g/g) Cd (g/g)
Cr
(g/g)
V (g/g)
Fe
(%)
Hg (g/g)
K-12 29 16 73 < 1 43 < 63 - 0.049
E-1 10 <6 52 < 1 38 < 63 - <0.02
E-18 10 17 60 < 1 42 < 63 - 0.17
B-1 8 20 58 < 1 41 - 2.7 0.074
B-4 8 21 48 < 1 1.9 - 32 0.046
B-5 8 20 45 < 1 1.9 - 31 0.053
B-6 8 14 49 < 1 2.0 - 34 0.061
B-7 9 17 41 < 1 1.6 - 23 0.067
B-8 23 20 62 < 1 2.7 - 47 0.14
B-9 28 27 64 < 1 2.6 - 50 0.15
B-10 16 21 53 < 1 37 - 2.4 0.07
B-11 21 23 54 < 1 39 - 2.4 0.13

Table 1.64 Summary results of metals in sediment samples dry season (Feb. 2009)
Station Cu (g/g)
Pb
(g/g)
Zn (g/g) Cd (g/g)
Cr
(g/g)
V (g/g)
Fe
(%)
Hg (g/g)
K-7 40 36 73 < 1 98 < 63 - 0.092
K-8 16 21 55 < 1 56 < 63 - 0.044
K-9 27 26 53 < 1 65 < 63 - 0.053
K-10 14 15 39 < 1 49 < 63 - 0.022
K-11 32 33 59 < 1 72 < 63 - 0.055
K-12 31 33 58 < 1 70 < 63 - 0.053
E-1 9.3 14 58 < 1 40 < 63 - 0.076
E-18 8.9 17 51 < 1 33 < 63 - 0.027
B-1 5 27 22 < 1 16 - 2.2 0.051
B-4 11 16 49 < 1 3.0 - 48 0.030
B-5 11 15 49 < 1 3.6 - 50 0.024
B-6 11 24 58 < 1 4.4 - 55 0.031
B-7 15 24 37 < 1 1.9 - 41 0.045
B-8 12 20 43 < 1 3.1 - 40 0.041
B-9 14 26 38 < 1 2.7 - 44 0.050
B-10 15 21 46 < 1 28 - 2.3 0.062
B-11 7.7 18 51 < 1 24 - 2.3 0.033

Among selected metals, Cd and V are found at lower than the detection limit of the AAS method.

Metal content is not much changed from season to season for most of coastal sampling stations accept at
stations B8, B9 where deredging activities were observed during the dry season survey.


0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Cu(g/g)
Station
CuDry
season
CuRainy
season

Figure 1.91 Variation of Cu content at coastal sampling stations

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Pb(g/g)
Station
PbDry
season
PbRainy
season

Figure 1.92 Variation of Pb content at coastal sampling stations

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Zn(g/g)
Station
ZnDry
season
ZnRainy
season

Figure 1.93 Variation of Zn content at coastal sampling stations



0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Cr(g/g)
Station
CrDry
season
CrRainy
season

Figure 1.94 Variation of Cr content at coastal sampling stations

0.000
0.020
0.040
0.060
0.080
0.100
0.120
0.140
0.160
0.180
Hg(g/g)
Station
HgDry
season
HgRainy
season

Figure 1.95 Variation of Hg content at coastal sampling stations

7.3.2 Characteristic of macrobenthic community

The summary result for the macrobenthos community at coastal stations are presented in Table 1.65 and


Table 1.65 The parameters of macrobenthos community at two onshore stations

Station
Taxon quantity
(taxa/0.3m
2
)
Density (ind./m
2
) Biomass (g/m
2
) H(s) J C
B1 28 15 367 193 8.40 26.20 3.17 3.04 0.66 0.78 0.26 0.19
B4 41 31 1567 580 125.22 21.40 1.94 3.64 0.36 0.73 0.55 0.14
B5 44 21 3080 807 286.04 17.07 0.97 1.22 0.18 0.28 0.81 0.72
B6 24 21 10527 6090 607.05 305.71 0.20 0.31 0.04 0.07 0.97 0.94
B7 3 7 117 340 47.10 6.67 0.37 0.99 0.24 0.35 0.05 0.68
B8 25 16 220 163 3.90 0.75 4.31 3.15 0.93 0.79 0.06 0.17
B9 4 17 17 253 0.53 1.09 1.92 3.35 0.96 0.82 0.28 0.14
B10 23 20 4953 1073 299.95 71.46 0.45 2.62 0.10 0.61 0.91 0.25
B11 65 37 1023 1473 42.29 21.76 5.06 2.91 0.84 0.56 0.05 0.24
K7 54 30 597 520 4.83 17.60 4.96 3.36 0.86 0.69 0.06 0.17
K8 34 61 277 1400 11.10 13.69 4.36 4.33 0.86 0.73 0.09 0.13
K9 7 8 23 83 8.99 1.27 2.81 1.92 1.00 0.64 0.14 0.43
K10 15 22 207 237 11.29 4.75 2.71 3.76 0.69 0.84 0.24 0.11
K11 41 32 490 217 4.17 6.92 4.30 4.59 0.80 0.92 0.10 0.05
K12 26 38 130 710 0.18 32.90 4.53 3.75 0.96 0.71 0.05 0.15
E1 39 54 480 1970 11.97 96.63 4.36 3.70 0.83 0.64 0.09 0.17
E18 25 42 553 880 7.88 44.96 3.40 3.06 0.73 0.57 0.16 0.33
Average 29 28 1449 999 87.11 40.64 2.93 2.92 0.65 0.63 0.29 0.29
Max 65 61 10527 6090 607.05 305.71 5.06 4.59 1.00 0.92 0.97 0.94
Min 3 7 17 83 0.18 0.75 0.20 0.31 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.05

The parameters for the macrobenthos community at the stations in the coastal area differ among stations
as well as between stations. On average, however, almost all parameters (except biomass and density)
are similar between seasons. At some stations such as B5, B6, B7, B10, the community parameters are
at poor levels. However, at other stations such as K8, K11, K12 the parameters are at good levels. Density
and biomass are are the parameters which show the greatest variation between sampling stations as well
as between seasons (see Table 1.65).

At stations B10, B5, B4 and especially at B6, density and biomass are elevated due to the strong
development one mollusk species.

Regarding the composition, there are 4 groups including Polychaeta, Crustacean, Mollusca and
Echinodermata in which, Polychaeta represents the largest portion in terms of taxon quantity, followed by
Crustacean, Mollusca and Echinodermata; the Mollusca group represents the largest portion of density as
well as biomass, with other groups similar in terms of taxon quantity (Figure 1.96 to 1.101).



0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
B
1
B
4
B
5
B
6
B
7
B
8
B
9
B
1
0
B
1
1
K
7
K
8
K
9
K
1
0
K
1
1
K
1
2
E
1
E
1
8
Station
D
e
n
s
i
t
y

(
I
n
d
.
/
m
2
)
CR EC MO PO
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
B
1
B
4
B
5
B
6
B
7
B
8
B
9
B
1
0
B
1
1
K
7
K
8
K
9
K
1
0
K
1
1
K
1
2
E
1
E
1
8
Station
D
e
n
s
i
t
y

(
I
n
d
.
/
m
2
)
CR EC MO PO
zooplanton on dry season
zooplankton on rainy season
zooplanton on dry season
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
B
1
B
4
B
5
B
6
B
7
B
8
B
9
B
1
0
B
1
1
K
7
K
8
K
9
K
1
0
K
1
1
K
1
2
E
1
E
1
8
Station
N
u
m

b
e
r

o
f

t
a
x
o
n
CR EC MO PO
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
B
1
B
4
B
5
B
6
B
7
B
8
B
9
B
1
0
B
1
1
K
7
K
8
K
9
K
1
0
K
1
1
K
1
2
E
1
E
1
8
Station
N
u
m

b
e
r

o
f

t
a
x
o
n
CR EC MO PO



7.3.3 Physical-chemical characteristics of surface water

The sea water analytical results are presented in Tables 1.66 to 1.71.


In-situ measurement
No. Samples
pH DO (mg/l)
Salinity
()
Temp.
(
o
C)
1 K - 7.1 7.6 5.6 32.9 24.1
2 K - 7.2 7.5 5.4 32.8 24.2
Average 7.5 5.5 32.9 24.1
3 K - 8.1 7.9 5.7 32.4 24.3
4 K - 8.2 7.7 5.3 32.6 24.5
Average 7.8 5.5 32.5 24.4
5 K - 9.1 7.8 5.7 32.3 24.3
6 K - 9.2 7.7 5.4 32.2 24.4
Average 7.7 5.6 32.3 24.4
7 K - 10.1 7.6 6.0 32.3 24.1
8 K - 10.2 7.8 6.0 32.1 24.3
Average 7.7 6.0 32.3 24.2
9 K - 11.1 7.6 5.6 32.5 24.6
10 K - 11.2 7.5 5.6 32.4 24.3
Average 7.5 5.6 32.5 24.5
11 K - 12.1 7.7 6.0 33.1 24.1
12 K - 12.2 7.8 5.9 32.6 24.2
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
B
1
B
4
B
5
B
6
B
7
B
8
B
9
B
1
0
B
1
1
K
7
K
8
K
9
K
1
0
K
1
1
K
1
2
E
1
E
1
8
B
i
o
m
a
s
s

(
I
n
d
.
/
m
2
)
Station
CR EC MO PO
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Station
B
i
o
m
a
s
s

(
I
n
d
.
/
m
2
)
CR EC MO PO
Figure 1.100 Density portion of each group
of zooplanton on dry season
of zooplankton on rainy season


In-situ measurement
No. Samples
pH DO (mg/l)
Salinity
()
Temp.
(
o
C)
Average 7.7 6.0 32.9 24.2
13 E - 1.1 7.7 5.6 33 25
14 E - 1.2 7.6 5.8 33 25
Average 7.7 5.7 33 25
15 E - 18.1 7.7 5.9 33 25
16 E - 18.2 7.5 5.2 32 24
Average 7.6 5.6 33 25
17 B - 1.1 7.8 - 31 23
18 B - 1.2 7.7 - 32 23
Average 7.8 - 31 23
19 B - 4.1 7.8 - 32 22
20 B - 4.2 7.8 - 32 23
Average 7.8 - 32 22
21 B - 5.1 7.7 - 32 22
22 B - 5.2 7.8 - 32 23
Average 7.8 - 32 23
23 B - 6.1 7.7 - 32 23
24 B - 6.2 7.7 - 32 23
Average 7.7 - 32 23
25 B - 7.1 7.7 - 28 22
26 B - 7.2 7.7 - 29 22
Average 7.7 - 29 22
27 B - 8.1 7.8 - 33 25
28 B - 8.2 7.8 - 33 24
Average 7.8 - 33 24
29 B - 9.1 7.8 - 33 25
30 B - 9.2 7.8 - 33 24
Average 7.8 - 33 24
31 B - 10.1 7.8 - 32 24
32 B - 10.2 7.8 - 33 23
Average 7.8 - 33 23
33 B - 11.1 7.8 - 32 24
34 B - 11.2 7.8 - 32 23
Average 7.8 - 32 24
QCVN 10 : 2008/BTNMT 6.5 8.5 - - -
Equator Principles (CCC) 6.5 8.5 - - -
QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on coastal water quality


No. Samples In-situ measurement


pH DO (mg/l)
Salinity
()
Temp.
(
o
C)
1 K - 7.1 7.6 5.6 29 27
2 K - 7.2 7.6 5.2 29 27
Average 7.6 5.4 29 27
3 K - 8.1 7.7 5.7 29 26
4 K - 8.2 7.6 5.4 29 26
Average 7.7 5.6 29 26
5 K - 9.1 7.3 5.9 30 26
6 K - 9.2 7.2 5.4 31 26
Average 7.2 5.6 31 26
7 K - 10.1 7.5 5.7 30 26
8 K - 10.2 7.4 5.1 31 27
Average 7.4 5.4 31 27
9 K - 11.1 7.4 5.9 30 27
10 K - 11.2 7.4 5.4 31 26
Average 7.4 5.6 30 26
11 K - 12.1 7.4 5.8 30 27
12 K - 12.2 7.5 5.4 31 27
Average 7.5 5.6 31 27
13 E - 1.1 7.6 5.7 30 27
14 E - 1.2 7.6 5.5 29 27
Average 7.6 5.6 30 27
15 E - 18.1 7.5 5.8 29 27
16 E - 18.2 7.5 5.4 30 26
Average 7.5 5.6 30 26
17 B - 1.1 7.7 - 32.0 27.3
18 B - 1.2 7.7 - 32.0 28.0
Average 7.7 - 32.0 27.7
19 B - 4.1 7.7 - 31.5 27.0
20 B - 4.2 7.7 - 32.0 28.0
Average 7.7 - 31.8 27.5
21 B - 5.1 7.7 - 31.7 26.8
22 B - 5.2 7.8 - 32.0 28.0
Average 7.8 - 31.9 27.4
7 B - 6.1 7.8 - 32.1 26.6
8 B - 6.2 7.7 - 32.0 28.0
Average 7.8 - 32.1 27.3
23 B - 7.1 7.8 - 29.0 27.5


In-situ measurement
No. Samples
pH DO (mg/l)
Salinity
()
Temp.
(
o
C)
24 B - 7.2 7.6 - 28.0 29.0
Average 7.7 - 28.5 28.3
25 B - 8.1 7.7 - 32.5 26.5
26 B - 8.2 7.6 - 33.0 28.0
Average 7.7 - 32.8 27.3
27 B - 9.1 7.8 - 32.8 27.6
28 B - 9.2 7.7 - 33.0 29.0
Average 7.7 - 32.9 28.3
29 B - 10.1 7.8 - 28 26
30 B - 10.2 7.7 - 30 25
Average 7.7 - 29 25
31 B - 11.1 7.7 - 28 26
32 B - 11.2 7.8 - 29 25
Average 7.7 - 28 26
QCVN 10 : 2008/BTNMT 6.5 8.5 - - -
Equator Principles (CCC) 6.5 8.5 - - -

Environmental baseline survey for project of Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical Plant Final report

Parameter (mg/L)
No. Sample
TSS THC
(*)
NH4
+
SO4
2-
NO2
-
NO3
-
Total N Total P Phenol TOC Benzene CN- BOD COD
Coliform (MPN/
100ml)
1 B - 1.1 18 0.014 0.061 2320 - - 0.96 0.023 <0.001 1.3 <0.001 < 0.007 0.74 1.9 70
2 B - 1.2 17 0.013 0.057 2300 - - 0.90 0.016 <0.001 1.4 <0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8 26
Average 18 0.013 0.059 2310 - - 0.93 0.019 <0.001 1.3 < 0.001 <0.007 0.7 1.9 48
3 B - 4.1 17 0.022 0.054 2360 - - 0.59 0.017 <0.001 1.2 <0.001 < 0.007 0.68 1.8 240
4 B - 4.2 16 0.022 0.049 2360 - - 0.61 0.019 <0.001 1.2 <0.001 < 0.007 1.1 2.4 79
Average 16 0.022 0.051 2360 - - 0.60 0.018 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.89 2.1 160
5 B - 5.1 14 0.01 0.062 2320 - - 0.75 0.033 <0.001 1.1 <0.001 < 0.007 0.61 1.7 70
6 B - 5.2 14 0.011 0.058 2320 - - 0.72 0.034 <0.001 1.1 <0.001 < 0.007 0.72 1.9 90
Average 14 0.011 0.06 2320 - - 0.74 0.034 <0.001 1.1 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8 80
7 B - 6.1 15 0.0091 0.046 2300 - - 0.56 0.013 <0.001 1.0 <0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9 17
8 B - 6.2 15 0.0091 0.051 2320 - - 0.58 0.013 <0.001 1.1 <0.001 < 0.007 0.68 1.8 11
Average 15 0.0091 0.049 2310 - - 0.57 0.013 <0.001 1.0 < 0.001 <0.007 0.69 1.9 14
9 B - 7.1 18 0.0083 0.17 2260 - - 0.93 0.055 <0.001 1.9 <0.001 < 0.007 0.7 1.9 22
10 B - 7.2 17 0.0087 0.18 2240 - - 0.98 0.056 <0.001 1.8 <0.001 < 0.007 0.59 1.7 21
Average 17 0.0085 0.18 2250 - - 0.96 0.055 <0.001 1.9 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8 22
11 B - 8.1 15 0.012 0.08 2450 - - 0.56 0.013 <0.001 1.3 <0.001 < 0.007 0.72 1.9 8
12 B - 8.2 15 0.014 0.078 2430 - - 0.58 0.013 <0.001 1.3 <0.001 < 0.007 0.74 1.9 11
Average 15 0.013 0.079 2440 - - 0.57 0.013 <0.001 1.3 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.73 1.9 10
13 B - 9.1 14 0.009 0.026 2420 - - 0.69 0.006 <0.001 1 <0.001 < 0.007 0.78 2.0 8
14 B - 9.2 14 0.01 0.031 2420 - - 0.68 0.007 <0.001 1.1 <0.001 < 0.007 0.59 1.7 14
Average 14 0.0096 0.028 2420 - - 0.68 0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9 11
15 B - 10.1 16 0.009 0.028 2330 - - 0.63 0.018 <0.001 1.3 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.69 0.93 8
16 B - 10.2 16 0.010 0.023 2350 - - 0.66 0.017 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.85 0.91 11
Average 16 0.009 0.026 2340 - - 0.65 0.017 <0.001 1.3 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.77 0.92 10
17 B - 11.1 14 0.015 0.011 2320 - - 0.60 0.028 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.73 1.2 11
Parameter (mg/L)
No. Sample
TSS THC
(*)
NH4
+
SO4
2-
NO2
-
NO3
-
Coliform (MPN/
100ml)
18 B - 11.2 15 0.0074 0.010 2320 - - 0.57 0.028 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.76 0.97 8
Average 15 0.011 0.10 2320 - - 0.58 0.028 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.75 1.1 10
9 K - 7.1 11 0.012 <0.004 2160 0.018 0.082 0.59 0.031 <0.001 0.031 <0.001 < 0.007 0.7 1.9 -
10 K - 7.2 11 0.011 <0.004 2180 0.02 0.096 0.57 0.034 <0.001 0.034 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8 -
Average 11 0.011 <0.004 2170 0.019 0.089 0.58 0.032 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.007 0.69 1.9 -
11 K - 8.1 14 0.014 0.0088 2380 0.034
0.011
0.79 0.037 <0.001 0.037 <0.001 < 0.007 0.6 1.7 -
12 K - 8.2 13 0.0056 0.0099 2360 0.04
0.016
0.83 0.032 <0.001 0.032 <0.001 < 0.007 0.76 2.0 -
Average 14 0.01 0.0093 2370 0.037 0.014 0.81 0.034 <0.001 0.034 <0.001 <0.007 0.68 1.8 -
13 K - 9.1 15 0.012 0.014 2370 0.014 0.018 0.55 0.012 <0.001 0.012 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8 -
14 K - 9.2 14 0.0095 0.015 2360 0.014 0.023 0.58 0.0084 <0.001 0.0084 <0.001 < 0.007 0.74 1.9 -
Average 14 0.011 0.014 2375 0.014 0.021 0.57 0.021 <0.001 0.01 <0.001 <0.007 0.71 1.9 -
15 K - 10.1 19 0.016 0.0078 2400 0.029 0.0046 0.58 0.020 <0.001 0.02 <0.001 < 0.007 0.62 1.8 -
16 K - 10.2 20 0.013 0.0093 2380 0.024 0.013 0.55 0.017 <0.001 0.017 <0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9 -
Average 19 0.015 0.0086 2390 0.027 0.009 0.56 0.018 <0.001 0.018 <0.001 <0.007 0.66 1.8 -
17 K - 11.1 17 0.018 0.0074 2420 0.019 0.029 0.47 0.012 <0.001 0.012 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8 -
18 K - 11.2 18 0.012 0.01 2430 0.023 0.029 0.45 0.014 <0.001 0.014 <0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9 -
Average 18 0.015 0.0085 2420 0.021 0.029 0.46 0.013 <0.001 0.013 <0.001 <0.007 0.68 1.8 -
19 K - 12.1 18 0.015 0.0089 2420 0.026 0.028 0.56 0.012 <0.001 0.012 <0.001 < 0.007 0.6 1.7 -
20 K - 12.2 19 0.013 0.0073 2410 0.024 0.035 0.53 0.013 <0.001 0.013 <0.001 < 0.007 0.72 1.9 -
Average 19 0.014 0.0081 2415 0.025 0.032 0.55 0.012 <0.001 0.012 <0.001 <0.007 0.66 1.8 -
1 E - 1.1 13 0.012 0.026 2390 0.015 0.011 0.36 0.011 <0.001 0.011 <0.001 < 0.007 0.73 1.9 -
2 E - 1.2 14 0.012 0.027 2390 0.017 0.012 0.46 0.012 <0.001 0.012 <0.001 < 0.007 0.76 2.0 -
Average 13 0.012 0.026 2390 0.016 0.0.12 0.41 0.012 <0.001 0.012 <0.001 < 0.007 0.75 1.9 -
49 E - 18.1 15 0.015 0.036 2380 0.016 0.011 0.65 0.011 <0.001 0.037 <0.001 < 0.007 0.79 2.0 -
50 E - 18.2 15 0.011 0.043 2360 0.017 0.011 0.63 0.011 <0.001 0.034 <0.001 < 0.007 0.8 2.0 -
Average 15 0.013 0.0391 2370 0.017 0.011 0.64 0.011 <0.001 0.035 <0.001 < 0.007 0.8 2.0 -
QCVN 10 : 2008/BTNMT - 0.2 0.5 - - - - - 0.002 - - 0.01 - - 1000
Equator Principles (CCC) - - - - - - - - - - - 0.001 - - -
(*)THC: Total Oil content


Parameter (mg/L)
No. Sample
TSS THC
(*)
NH4
+
SO4
2-
NO2
-
NO3
-
Coliform (MPN/
100ml)
1 B - 1.1 5.3 0.014 <0.004 - - - 0.23 <0.007 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.85 - 210
2 B - 1.2 4.9 0.013 <0.004 - - - 0.22 <0.007 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.75 - 70
Average 5.1 0.013 <0.004 - - - 0.23 <0.007 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.80 - 140
3 B - 4.1 6.0 0.022 0.021 - - - 0.53 <0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.74 - 27
4 B - 4.2 5.6 0.022 0.022 - - - 0.55 <0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.67 - 22
Average 5.8 0.022 0.022 - - - 0.54 <0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.71 - 25
5 B - 5.1 5.2 0.010 0.024 - - - 0.63 <0.007 <0.001 0.93 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.65 - 46
6 B - 5.2 5.6 0.011 0.023 - - - 0.63 <0.007 <0.001 0.94 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.68 - 4
Average 5.4 0.011 0.023 - - - 0.63 <0.007 <0.001 0.935 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.67 - 25
7 B - 6.1 6.5 0.009 0.022 - - - 0.64 <0.007 <0.001 0.94 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.81 - 33
8 B - 6.2 5.5 0.009 0.023 - - - 0.66 <0.007 <0.001 0.94 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.79 - 22
Average 6.0 0.009 0.023 - - - 0.65 <0.007 <0.001 0.94 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.80 - 28
9 B - 7.1 7.7 0.008 0.50 - - - 1.5 <0.007 <0.001 2.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 4.62 - 170
10 B - 7.2 6.9 0.009 0.49 - - - 1.5 <0.007 <0.001 2.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 4.99 - 79
Average 7.3 0.009 0.50 - - - 1.5 <0.007 <0.001 2.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 4.81 - 125
11 B - 8.1 10 0.012 <0.004 - - - 0.49 <0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.79 - 540
12 B - 8.2 11 0.014 <0.004 - - - 0.51 <0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.83 - 170
Average 10.5 0.013 <0.004 - - - 0.50 <0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.81 - 355
13 B - 9.1 9.8 0.009 0.024 - - - 0.47 <0.007 <0.001 0.99 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.66 - 170
14 B - 9.2 9.1 0.010 0.025 - - - 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 1.0 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.80 - 79
Average 9.5 0.010 0.024 - - - 0.46 <0.007 <0.001 1.0 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.73 - 125
15 B - 10.1 8.3 0.018 0.039 2210 - - 0.87 0.012 <0.001 1.4 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.6 - <2
Parameter (mg/L)
No. Sample
TSS THC
(*)
NH4
+
SO4
2-
NO2
-
NO3
-
Coliform (MPN/
100ml)
16 B - 10.2 8.2 0.014 0.052 2220 - - 0.88 0.013 <0.001 1.4 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.68 - <2
Average 8.3 0.016 0.046 2215 - - 0.88 0.012 <0.001 1.4 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.64 - <2
17 B - 11.1 10 0.02 0.057 2050 - - 0.69 0.01 <0.001 1.3 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.75 - <2
18 B - 11.2 9.3 0.015 0.049 2070 - - 0.74 0.008 <0.001 1.3 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.81 - <2
Average 9.4 0.017 0.053 2060 - - 0.72 0.009 <0.001 1.3 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.78 - <2
9 K - 7.1 11 0.013 0.17 2120 0.054 0.01 0.65 0.011 <0.001 0.031 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.7 1.9 -
10 K - 7.2 11 0.012 0.092 2200 0.041 0.01 0.59 0.013 <0.001 0.034 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8 -
Average 11 0.012 0.13 2150 0.048 0.012 0.62 0.012 <0.001 0.032 < 0.001 <0.007 0.69 1.9 -
11 K - 8.1 13 0.014 0.091 2330 0.004 0.00 0.56 0.021 <0.001 0.037 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.6 1.7 -
12 K - 8.2 12 0.009 0.1 2350 0.004 0.01 0.84 0.024 <0.001 0.032 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.76 2.0 -
Average 13 0.012 0.097 2340 0.004 0.005 0.70 0.023 <0.001 0.034 < 0.001 <0.007 0.68 1.8 -
13 K - 9.1 14 0.0186 0.015 2240 0.008 0.014 0.61 0.014 <0.001 0.012 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8 -
14 K - 9.2 14 0.0151 0.013 2250 0.005 0.015 0.60 0.011 <0.001 0.0084 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.74 1.9 -
Average 14 0.017 0.014 2245 0.007 0.015 0.60 0.012 <0.001 0.01 < 0.001 <0.007 0.71 1.9 -
15 K - 10.1 15 0.019 0.024 2120 0.006 0.017 0.59 0.011 <0.001 0.02 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.62 1.8 -
16 K - 10.2 15 0.014 0.02 2140 0.004 0.015 0.56 0.014 <0.001 0.017 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9 -
Average 15 0.017 0.022 2130 0.005 0.016 0.58 0.013 <0.001 0.018 < 0.001 <0.007 0.66 1.8 -
17 K - 11.1 15 0.017 0.053 2140 0.023 0.011 0.64 0.013 <0.001 0.012 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8 -
18 K - 11.2 16 0.012 0.047 2160 0.013 0.013 0.46 0.01 <0.001 0.014 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9 -
Average 16 0.015 0.05 2150 0.018 0.012 0.55 0.011 <0.001 0.013 < 0.001 <0.007 0.68 1.8 -
19 K - 12.1 15 0.016 0.061 2220 0.004 0.010 1.34 0.134 <0.001 0.012 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.6 1.7 -
20 K - 12.2 16 0.013 0.065 2230 0.007 0.008 0.55 0.044 <0.001 0.013 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.72 1.9 -
Average 15 0.015 0.063 2225 0.006 0.009 0.94 0.089 <0.001 0.012 < 0.001 <0.007 0.66 1.8 -
1 E - 1.1 14 0.015 0.038 2160 0.001 0.016 0.50 <0.007 <0.001 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.73 2.1 -
2 E - 1.2 14 0.011 0.030 2140 0.001 0.016 0.48 <0.007 <0.001 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.52 1.7 -
Average 14 0.013 0.034 2150 0.001 0.016 0.49 <0.007 <0.001 <0.007 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.63 1.9 -
49 E - 18.1 11 0.021 0.059 2100 0.005 0.023 0.52 0.026 <0.001 0.026 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.7 -
50 E - 18.2 11 0.014 0.043 2200 0.005 0.028 0.65 0.032 <0.001 0.032 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.55 1.8 -
Parameter (mg/L)
No. Sample
TSS THC
(*)
NH4
+
SO4
2-
NO2
-
NO3
-
Coliform (MPN/
100ml)
Average 11 0.018 0.051 2150 0.005 0.026 0.58 0.029 <0.001 0.029 < 0.001 <0.007 0.61 1.8 -
QCVN 10 : 2008/BTNMT - 0.2 0.5 - - - - - 0.002 - - 0.01 - - 1000
Equator Principles (CCC) - - - - - - - - - - - 0.001 - - -
(*)THC: Total Oil content

Table 1.70 Analytical results of metals in seawater in
Rainy season (Aug., 2008 and June, 2009) (mg/l)

No. Sample Cu Pb Zn Cd Cr Fe Hg
1 B - 1.1 - KL <0.005 0.003 0.043 <0.005 < 0.02 0.30 < 0.001
2 B - 1.2- KL <0.005 0.013 0.022 <0.005 < 0.02 0.33 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.008 0.032 <0.005 < 0.02 0.319 < 0.001
3 B - 4.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.064 <0.005 < 0.02 0.15 < 0.001
4 B - 4.2 - KL <0.005 0.016 0.036 <0.005 < 0.02 0.19 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001-0.016 0.050 <0.005 < 0.02 0.167 < 0.001
5 B - 5.1 - KL <0.005 0.009 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 0.30 < 0.001
6 B - 5.2 - KL <0.005 0.003 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 0.28 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.006 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 0.290 < 0.001
7 B - 6.1 - KL <0.005 0.005 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.39 < 0.001
8 B - 6.2 - KL <0.005 0.004 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 0.34 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.004 <0.005-0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 0.364 < 0.001
9 B - 7.1 - KL <0.005 0.004 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.17 < 0.001
10 B - 7.2 - KL <0.005 0.003 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.19 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.004 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.182 < 0.001
11 B - 8.1 - KL <0.005 0.004 0.014 <0.005 < 0.02 0.26 < 0.001
12 B - 8.2 - KL <0.005 0.003 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 0.26 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.004 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 0.260 < 0.001
13 B - 9.1 - KL <0.005 0.009 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 0.22 < 0.001
14 B - 9.2 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.012 <0.005 < 0.02 0.25 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.006 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 0.238 < 0.001
15 B - 10.1 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.036 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
16 B - 10.2 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.024 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.002 0.030 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
17 B - 11.1 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.015 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
18 B - 11.2 - KL <0.005 0.001 0.013 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.001 0.014 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
19 K - 7.1- KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
20 K - 7.2- KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
21 K - 8.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
22 K - 8.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.77 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 0.77 < 0.001
23 K - 9.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
24 K - 9.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
25 K - 10.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
26 K - 10.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
27 K - 11.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
28 K - 11.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
29 K - 12.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
30 K - 12.2- KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
31 E - 1.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.035 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
32 E - 1.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001
33 E - 18.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.028 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
34 E - 18.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.031 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001

Table 1.71 Analytical results of metals in seawater in Dry season (Feb., 2009)

1 B - 1.1 - KL <0.005 0.002 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
2 B - 1.2 - KL <0.005 0.002 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.002 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
3 B - 4.1 - KL <0.005 0.003 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
4 B - 4.2 - KL <0.005 0.004 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.003 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
5 B - 5.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.14 < 0.001
6 B - 5.2 - KL <0.005 0.004 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001-0.004 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08-0.14 < 0.001
7 B - 6.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
8 B - 6.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005-0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
9 B - 7.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
10 B - 7.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.012 <0.005 < 0.02 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005-0.012 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08-0.08 < 0.001
11 B - 8.1 - KL <0.005 0.004 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
12 B - 8.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.004 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 0.26 < 0.001
13 B - 9.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 0.12 < 0.001
14 B - 9.2 - KL <0.005 0.003 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.16 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001-0.003 <0.005-0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 0.14 < 0.001
15 B - 10.1 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.036 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
16 B - 10.2 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.024 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.002 0.030 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
17 B - 11.1 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.015 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
18 B - 11.2 - KL <0.005 0.001 0.013 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.001 0.014 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
19 K - 7.1- KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
20 K - 7.2- KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
21 K - 8.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
22 K - 8.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.77 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 0.77 < 0.001
23 K - 9.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
24 K - 9.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
25 K - 10.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
26 K - 10.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
27 K - 11.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
28 K - 11.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
29 K - 12.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
30 K - 12.2- KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
31 E - 1.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
32 E - 1.2 - KL <0.005 0.003 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 <0.001 - 0.003 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
33 E - 18.1 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
34 E - 18.2 - KL <0.005 0.004 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001
Average <0.005 0.003 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

In general, most analytical results of surface water are quite good and lower than allowable limits
stipulated in QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT and Equator Principles.

Phenol, Benzene, CN
-
and some heavy metal contents are found at levels under the detection limit of the
analytical methods used.

The parameters of pH, Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen are stable between stations as well
asbetween sampling seasons. At some stations, which are located very close to the onshore area,
especially at the station B7, because the surface layer has a lot of algae, a phenomenon occurs that
slightly increases the values of the parameters BOD, NH
4

+
, total nitrogen, and TOC levels in the rainy
season.

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
pH
Station
pHDry
season
pHRainy
season

Figure 1.102 Variation of pH at coastal sampling stations

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
DO(mg/l)
Station
DODry
season
DORainy
season

Figure 1.103 Variation of DO at coastal sampling stations

20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
Salinity
Station
SalinityDry
season
Salinity
Rainy
season

Figure 1.104 Variation of salinity at coastal sampling stations

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Temp.
o
C
Station
TempDry
season
TempRainy
season

Figure 1.105 Variation of temperature at coastal sampling stations

0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
TSS(mg/l )
Station
TSSDry
season
TSSRainy
season

Figure 1.106 Variation of TSS content at coastal sampling stations

0.000
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.030
0.035
0.040
0.045
0.050
THC(mg/l)
Station
THCDry
season
THCRainy
season

Figure 1.107 Variation of THC content at coastal sampling stations

0.000
0.200
0.400
0.600
0.800
1.000
1.200
NH
4
+
(mg/l)
Station
NH4Dry
season
NH4Rainy
season

4
+
content at coastal sampling stations

0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
SO
4
2
(mg/l)
Station
SO4Dry
season
SO4Rainy
season

4
2-

0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
NO
2
(mg/l)
Station
NO2Dry
season
NO2Rainy
season

2
-

0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
NO
3
(mg/l)
Trm
NO3Ma
kh
NO3Ma
ma

3
-

0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
TotalN(mg/l)
Station
TotalNDry
season
TotalN
Rainy
season

Figure 1.112 Variation of Total N content at coastal sampling stations

0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.250
0.300
TotalP(mg/l)
Station
TotalPDry
season
TotalP
Rainy
season

Figure 1.113 Variation of Total P content at coastal sampling stations

0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
TOC(mg/l)
Station
TOCDry
season
TOCRainy
season

Figure 1.114 Variation of TOC content at coastal sampling stations

0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
BOD(mg/l)
Station
BODDry
season
BODRainy
season

Figure 1.115 Variation of BOD content at coastal sampling stations

0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
COD (mg/l)
Station
CODDry
season
CODRainy
season

Figure 1.116 Variation of COD content at coastal sampling stations

7.3.4 Plankton

Phytoplankton

The summary result for the phytoplankton community at coastal stations are presented in Table 1.72 and
Figures 1.117; 1.118; 1.119 and 1.120. The detailed results are showed in Appendix B.

Table 1.72 The parameters of phytoplankton community at coastal stations

Taxon quantity
(taxa/0.05m
3
)
Density
(10
3
cells/m
3
)
H(s) J C
Station
B1 14 17 1289520 193 0.053 2.25 0.01 0.55 0.99 0.37
B4 16 14 2464575 310 0.026 2.16 0.01 0.57 1.00 0.34
B5 17 24 96210 320 0.318 2.96 0.08 0.65 0.93 0.23
B6 19 18 256585 284 0.308 2.44 0.07 0.58 0.94 0.29
B7 12 9 512575 12064 0.039 0.11 0.01 0.04 0.99 0.98
B8 12 25 681333 121 0.103 3.66 0.03 0.79 0.98 0.11
Taxon quantity
(taxa/0.05m
3
)
Density
(10
3
cells/m
3
)
H(s) J C
Station
B9 14 23 1200792 107 0.041 3.81 0.01 0.84 0.99 0.10
B10 18 12 4312960 1684 0.037 2.40 0.01 0.67 0.99 0.25
B11 15 5 219545 52 0.416 1.99 0.11 0.86 0.91 0.30
K7 17 10 122725 1491 0.23 0.89 0.06 0.27 0.96 0.72
K8 15 18 154880 55 0.36 3.25 0.09 0.78 0.92 0.18
K9 22 23 73560 246 1.10 3.44 0.25 0.76 0.70 0.14
K10 12 20 1884135 97 0.02 3.45 0.01 0.80 1.00 0.13
K11 14 21 420060 125 0.06 2.71 0.02 0.62 0.99 0.30
K12 12 18 817080 54 0.05 3.46 0.01 0.83 0.99 0.12
E1 14 19 4132700 3096 0.03 2.97 0.01 0.70 1.00 0.18
E18 19 17 1651160 3636 0.03 2.87 0.01 0.70 1.00 0.19
Average 15 17 1193553 1408 0.19 2.64 0.05 0.65 0.96 0.29
Max 22 25 4312960 12064 1.10 3.81 0.25 0.86 1.00 0.98
Min 12 5 73560 52 0.02 0.11 0.01 0.04 0.70 0.10

Variation of taxon quantity is rather great, especially in the rainy season. The number of taxon also vary
greatly among studied stations; in the rainy season, there are two stations (B11 and B7) where the number
of taxon is strongly reduced; and several stations where the taxon quantity is increased such as B5, B8
(see Table 1.72).

The density recoded in the dry season is about a thousand times higher that in the rainy season. The
extremely high density of phytoplankton in the dry season when the average value is about one billion
cells/m
3
is caused by the strong development of algae species named Pseudonitzschia sp.
(Bacillariophyta), and leads to the high density in this area. Accordingly the Bacillariophyta group
accounted for the greatest density at all stations. Dinophyta accounts for a very small portion of the
density. The relative portion of the densityaccounted for by other species worthies insignificant at all
sampling stations (Figure 1.117 and 1.118).

As a consequence of the abnormal development of a single species of algae, in the dry season the
predominant index is very high while the evenness index and diversity indices are very low. This
phenomenon may be related to the concentration of Nitrogen and Phosphorus recorded in the dry season,
for the same reason given for the offshore stations section (Table 7.3.4.1).

0
5
10
15
20
25
B1 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11 K12 E1 E18
BA CY DI
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
B1 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11 K12 E1 E18
BA CH CY DI EU
phytoplankton group on dry season
phytoplankton group on rainy season

Zooplankton

The summary results for the zooplankton community at coastal stations are presented in Table 1.73 and

Table 1.73 The parameters of zooplankton community at coastal studied stations

3
) H(s) J C
Station
B1 28.0 7.0 8075.0 21.1 3.45 2.10 0.72 0.75 0.20 0.32
B4 32.0 8.0 2189.3 27.9 4.19 2.70 0.84 0.90 0.08 0.18
B5 25.0 11.0 2393.3 57.2 3.80 2.45 0.82 0.71 0.29 0.28
B6 36.0 18.0 2496.9 33.5 3.88 2.10 0.75 0.50 0.06 0.45
B7 18.0 7.0 13880.0 4700.0 3.90 1.80 0.94 0.64 0.07 0.42
B8 34.0 11.0 659.5 243.1 3.88 2.44 0.76 0.73 0.09 0.26
B9 13.0 16.0 341.1 143.6 3.13 3.23 0.85 0.81 0.09 0.15
B10 21.0 33.0 1077.5 280.5 3.73 3.65 0.85 0.72 0.21 0.14
B11 34.0 32.0 2177.2 232.9 3.99 4.24 0.78 0.85 0.18 0.07
K7 26.0 7.0 521.2 67.1 3.78 2.45 0.80 0.87 0.10 0.21
K8 29.0 5.0 2368.9 26.1 4.01 1.54 0.83 0.66 0.08 0.48
K9 36.0 16.0 833.5 381.1 4.02 3.20 0.78 0.80 0.10 0.15
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
4500000
5000000
B
1
B
4
B
5
B
6
B
7
B
8
B
9
B
1
0
B
1
1
K
7
K
8
K
9
K
1
0
K
1
1
K
1
2
E
1
E
1
8
BA CY DI
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
B
1
B
4
B
5
B
6
B
7
B
8
B
9
B
1
0
B
1
1
K
7
K
8
K
9
K
1
0
K
1
1
K
1
2
E
1
E
1
8
BA CH CY DI EU
phytoplanton group on dry season
phytoplanton group on rainy season
3
) H(s) J C
Station
K10 28.0 20.0 1732.6 314.7 3.65 3.74 0.76 0.87 0.11 0.09
K11 36.0 26.0 947.3 5788.2 4.07 3.84 0.79 0.82 0.09 0.09
K12 39.0 22.0 855.0 449.1 3.94 3.51 0.75 0.79 0.10 0.12
E1 29.0 33.0 22749.7 1164.0 3.13 4.09 0.64 0.81 0.16 0.08
E18 30.0 33.0 2727.6 224.8 3.94 3.73 0.80 0.74 0.09 0.14
Average 29.1 17.9 3883.9 832.6 3.79 2.99 0.79 0.76 0.12 0.21
Max 39.0 33.0 22749.7 5788.2 4.19 4.24 0.94 0.90 0.29 0.48
Min 13.0 5.0 341.1 21.1 3.13 1.54 0.64 0.50 0.06 0.07

The parameters for the zooplankton community vary considerably among the sapling stations as well as
between seasons. Generally, the zooplankton community is relatively diverse and even particularly in the
dry season. The number of taxon, density as well as H(s) recorded in the dry season is higher than that in
the rainy season at almost stations.

Regarding taxon distribution and composition, there were a total of 10 groups classified, in which
Copepoda accounts for over 75% in both seasons however the relative portion also varies strongly among
stations. Cladocera is quite common and even among studied stations in the dry season but it is not
common in the rainy season. On the contrary, Chaetognata was more common in the dry season but was
also present at several stations in the rainy season. The portion of other groups varied considerably
between seasons.

Concerning density distribution composition, total density as well as density of each group varied greatly
among stations, especially in the rainy season, Copepoda, the group accounts for almost density in the dry
season, and accounts for a small portion at several stations in the rainy season. The Larva group, also
accounts for a large portion at almost stations.

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Station
N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

t
a
x
o
n
AM CH CL CO DE
IN OS PO PT&HE TU
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Station
N
u
m
b
e
r

o
f

t
a
x
o
n
AM CH CL CO DE
OS PO PT&HE TU
phytoplanton group on dry season

0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
B
1
B
4
B
5
B
6
B
7
B
8
B
9
B
1
0
B
1
1
K
7
K
8
K
9
K
1
0
K
1
1
K
1
2
E
1
E
1
8
Station
D
e
n
s
i
t
y

(
x
1
0
3
/
m
3
)
AM CH CL CO DE IN LA OS PT&HE PO TU
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
B
1
B
4
B
5
B
6
B
7
B
8
B
9
B
1
0
B
1
1
K
7
K
8
K
9
K
1
0
K
1
1
K
1
2
E
1
E
1
8
Station
D
e
n
s
i
t
y

(
x
1
0
3
/
m
3
)
AM CH CL CO DE LA OS PO PT&HE TU
of zooplanton on dry season
of zooplankton on rainy season
8. CONCLUSION

8.1 Offshore area

- The seabed sediments at studied areas are fairly different from station to station due to
differences in geological characteristics. The seabed sediments at all sampling stations are
classified from medium silt to coarse sand. Mean phi ranges in a wide range (from -0.05 to 6.40u
in rainy season and from 0.15 to 6.39u in dry season).

- At stations K1 to K4, E6, E7, E9, E12, E14 and E23, mean phi and fine content values are
significantly different between the rainy and the dry seasons. It may be due to the fact that
geological characteristics at Nghi Son gulf are not homogeneous.

- THC values at offshore sampling stations are at low levels and vary in a narrow range in both the
rainy and dry seasons (from 1 to 6 g/g in dry season and from 2 to 13 in rainy season).
Nonpetrogenic hydrocarbon took larger proportion than petrogenic hydrocarbon.

- Similar to grain size distribution, THC values at stations K3, E3, E4, E8, E9, E12, E14, E15 and
E24 are changed from season to season. It is evident that, THC and metals values seem to be
higher where the sediment is finer.

- Metals selected to be analyzed in both the dry and rainy season surveys are Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, V
and Hg. Among those metals, Cd and V are found at levels lower than the detection limit of AAS
method.

- At stations E7, E9 and E24 there is noticeable variation in content of the rest metals (Cu, Pb, Zn,
Cr and Hg) between the rainy and dry seasons. At other stations, these values change in a narrow
range among stations as well as between seasons.

- Although, the macrobenthos community distributes more evenly on offshore area in comparison to
the coastal and onshore areas, some community parameters such as density, biomass also
fluctuates strongly among stations as well as between stations. Almost all remaining parameters
(except biomass and density) are similar between two seasons and their values are at good
levels.

- In the surveys of the rainy as well as the dry season, all physio-chemical parameters of sea water
were lower than the limit values of QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT. Among the seven analyzed trace
heavy metals, four metals were below the detection limits of the analytical methods used (Cu, Cd,
Cr and Hg). Other metals were also found in very low content at offshore sampling stations in both
the rainy and dry seasons.

- The phytoplanton community in the studied area is not very diverse or even especially in the dry
season, although the number of taxon recorded in the dry season was higher than that in the rainy
season. As noted in the previous sections, the poor results for thePhytoplankton community is
caused by the strong development of one algae species consider as blooming.

- In the dry season, in consequence of the blooming of one algae species, all community indices
are at poor levels. The diversity index -H(s) and the Evenness index J are low while the
predominance index is high at almost stations. At station E14, this phenomenon is not recorded.
On the contrary, all community indices are within normal levels in the rainy season.

- In both the rainy and dry seasons, most of the zooplankton community indices were at relatively
good levels.

8.2.1 Onshore area

- In both the dry and rainy seasons, all parameters of ambient air quality were recorded at normal
levels and lower than the allowable limits stipulated in TCVN as well as in Equator principles.

- In general, noise values at residential area in the dry and rainy seasons (except at station A6)
were lower than the limit levels of Project Noise Standards. The noise values of station A6 in shift
1 (6am-6pm) and shift 3 (10pm-6am) were higher than the limit levels due to this station being
located near the road with a lot of traffic.

- The values of vibration at the residential area were lower than the limit level stipulated by the
Vietnamese standard (TCVN 6962:2001). As well as noise, vibration values in the dry season
were not considerably different from the ones in the rainy season.

- At plan area, except N2, N5 and N16, the noise values at other stations were lower than the limit
level of 70dB referred to in the Project Noise Standards and these values in the dry season did not
vary from the ones in the rainy season.

- All vibration values at plan area are lower than the limit level stipulated in the Vietnamese
standard (TCVN 6962:2001). At all stations, the disparity of vibration values between the dry and
rainy season were not noticeable.

- There is little difference in noise values as well as vibration values among measured times (1-
hour, 5 hours and 24 hours)

- It is noted that, sediment at station B2 in the rainy season is coarser than that in dry season. By
visual observation, in the dry season the environmental status at station B2 is contaminated
because of many waste sources.

- Similar to variation of grain size, total hydrocarbon contents in sediment at station B2 in the dry
season is much higher than that in the rainy season due to the difference of seasons.

- Total hydrocarbon contents of soil at sampling stations changed in a wide range (from 3 to 84g/g
in dry season and from 1 to 219g/g in rainy season). The highest values was recorded at station
D7 located at Nghi Son fishing village.

- At all onshore stations, metal contents in the sediment were at normal levels in both seasons.

- Except for Hg content, metal contents in soil also fluctuated in narrow range in both seasons.

- It was noted that the macrobenthos community is much different in number of taxon, density as
well as biomass. It is high or low depends on the sampling location as well as the sampling
season. The community indices were similar between seasons.

- All analytical results of surface water in both of two seasons are quite good and lower than
allowable limits stipulated in QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT.

- In the rainy season as well as in the dry season, most analytical results of ground water are quite
good and lower than the allowable limit of QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT, except coliform (at all of
stations) and Mn (at station G-3) in ground water which both exceeded the allowable limit. In both
seasons, except the station G-1, which is shallow; the water of the well is turbid and is yellow in
color. At all remaining stations, the water of the wells was clear and colorless.

- It worth noting that density strongly changes between seasons as well between stations. It is very
high in the dry season, especially at station B3; but it is low in the rainy season.

- The diversity of the phytoplankton community is rather different between the two studied stations
but similar between seasons. At station B2, both of taxon quantity and diversity index are higher
than that at station B3.

- The changing of other parameters of phytoplankton is within the normal range between \stations
as well as between seasons.

- The parameters for the zooplankton community vary considerably with location and season.
Except for density, all other indices are at relatively poor levels; especially at B2 where just one
taxon is present in the rainy season. At both of the studied stations, the density in the dry season
is much higher than that in the rainy season. This phenomenon could be a result of nutritive in
water.

8.3 Coastal area

- The sediment characteristics in the coastal area vary considerably among stations because of the
difference in geological characteristics. Sediment at coastal sampling stations are classified as
very fine silt to fine sand in the rainy season and classified as fine silt to fine sand in the dry
season. It is noted that, the dredging activity at areas of the shipping channel were observed
during the dry survey, so, sediment at stations B8 and B9 seems to be finer than that of the rainy
season survey.

- It was also noted that sediment at station B1 significantly changes between two sampling
seasons. It may be due to stations B1 located at the estuary of Bang River, which is noticeably
affected by current, and weather from season to season.

- THC values at coastal sampling stations vary in a wide range in both the rainy and dry seasons
(from 2 to 23 g/g in dry season and from 2 to 32 in rainy season).

- Similar to grain size distribution, THC values at stations B8, B9 and K9 varied greatly from rainy
season to dry season because of the dredging activities in areas of the shipping channel during
the dry survey.

- Metals content did not vary greatly from season to season at most of coastal sampling stations
accept at stations B8, B9 where dredging activities were observed during the dry survey.

- The parameters of the macrobenthos community recorded at the stations in the coastal area also
varies greatly among stations as well as between stations. On average, however, almost all
parameters (except biomass and density) are similar between seasons. At some stations such as
B5, B6, B7, B10.., the community parameters are poor levels. However, at some other stations
such as K8, K11, K12 the parameters were in good levels. Density and biomass are two items
that change the most among sampling stations as well as between seasons.

- In general, most analytical results related to the surface water are quite good and show levels
lower than the allowable limits stipulated in QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT and Equator Principles.

- In regards to the phytoplankton community, the variation of taxon quantity is rather great,
especially in the rainy season. The number of taxon are also different among studied stations; in
the rainy season, there are two stations (B11 and B7) where the number of taxon is strongly
reduced; and several stations where the taxon quantity is increased such as B5, B8.

- As a consequence of the abnormal development of one algae species, in the dry season the
predominance index was very high while the evenness and diversity indices were very low. This
phenomenon was not recorded in rainy season

- The parameters of the zooplankton community varied considerably among sampling stations as
well as between seasons. Generally, the zooplankton community was relatively diverse and even
especially in the dry season. The number of taxon, density as well as H(s) recorded in the dry
season was higher than that in the rainy season at almost stations.

9. REFERENCES

1. Adlard, E.R. 1972. Identification of hydrocarbon pollution on seas and beaches by gas chromatography.
Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 44, No. 1, Jan. 1972.
2. Auris Environmental 1981. Monitoring hydrocarbon in the marine Environment, Dec. 1981.
3. Auris Environmental 1992. Characterization of the marine sediment around the Clyde platform, Central
North Sea, Sep. 1992.
4. Boothe P. N. and Prespley B.J. 1996. Trends in Sediment Trace Element Concentrations around Six
Petroleum Drilling Platforms in the Northewestern Gulf of Mexico.
5. Briton E. 1975. Scientific results of marine investigations of the South China-Sea and the Gulf of
Thailand 1959-1961. NAGA 1975, volume 4, part. 5.
6. Edward A. 1988. Geochemistry.
7. Institute of Offshore Engineering 1985. Benthic Environmental Baseline Survey of Clyde Oil field, July
1985.
8. Lewis, D.W. 1989. Practical Sedimentology, New York.
9. Nguyn Ngc King 1996. Thng K Trong Nghin Cu Khoa Hc, Nh Xut Bn Gio Dc.
10. PetroVietnam 2001. Guidelines for monitoring of the marine environment in the vicinity of offshore
petroleum installation in Vietnam.
11. Unistat Software 1994. Megalon Science Tools.
12. Vietnam nation environment agency NEA 2000. CD-ROM Atlas environment of Vietnam regions,
version 1.0.
13. Vietnam Standard TCVN 5943-1995: Water quality-Coastal water quality standard, Ha Noi-1995.
14. Vietnam Standard TCVN 5944-1995: Water quality-Ground water quality standard, Ha Noi-1995.
15. Vietnam Standard TCVN 5945-2005: Industrial waste water discharge standards, Ha Noi-2005.
16. Vietnam Standard TCVN 5937-2005: Air quality Ambient Air quality Standards, Ha Noi-2005.
17. Vietnam Standard TCVN 5938-2005: Air quality Maximum allowable concentration of hazardours
substances in ambient air. Ha Noi-2005.
18. Vietnam Standard TCVN 5949-1998: Acoustics - Noise in public places and populated areas -
Permitted maximum noise level. Ha Noi-1998.
19. Vietnam Standard TCVN 6962-2001: Vibrations and seismism - Vibrations caused by construction and
industrial production activities - Permitted maximum levels for the environment of public places and
populated areas, Ha Noi-2001.
20. Barnes, 1963.Invertebrate Zoology. W. B. Saunders Company.
21. Chinese Crustacean Society. Transactions of the Chinese Crustacean Society, No. 3, 1992. Qingdao
Ocean University Press.
22. DNV consulting, SINTEF, 2005. Environmental Baseline Survey Ormen Lange 2004 (rev 1).
23. DNV consulting, 2006. Environmental Monitoring Region I, 2005, Main Report 2006-0187 (rev 1) BP
Norge AS.
24. Kristian Fauchald, 1977. The Polychaete Worms Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families and
Genera. Chapmans Phototypesetting.
25. Mary J. Rathbun, 1910. The Danish Expedition to Siam 1899 1900, V. Brachyura. KOBENHAVN.
26. NAGA, 1967. Scientific Results of Marine Investigations of the South China Sea and the Gulf of
Thailand 1959 1961. NAGA report vol 4, part 3.
27. Pierre Fauvel, 1953. The Fauna of India including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya Annelida,
Polychaeta. The Indian Press, Ltd.
28. Sadayoshi Miyake, 1998. Japanese Crustacean Decapods and Stomatopods in Color, vol. I
Macrura, Anomura and Stomatopoda. Hoikusha Publishing Co., LTD.
29. [1] Sadayoshi Miyake, 1998. Japanese Crustacean Decapods and Stomatopods in Color, vol. II
Brachyura (Crabs). Hoikusha Publishing Co., LTD.
30. [2] Maier, J; Mc Connel, H.L; J. Water pollut. Cont. Fedn. 1974, 46, 623.
31. [3] Pedro Sergio Fadini, Wilson F. Jardim, Jose Roberto Guimaraes, 2004. Evaluation of Organic Load
Measurement Techniques in Sewage and Waste Stabilisation Pond.
32. QCVN 08 : 2008/BTNMT-National technical regulation on surface water quality, Ha Noi-2008.
33. QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT-National technical regulation on underground water quality, Ha Noi-2008.
34. QCVN 10 : 2008/BTNMT-National technical regulation on coastal water quality, Ha Noi-2008

APPENDIX II

EMISSION MODELING RESULTS
FOR COMBINED CASES OF 19 STACKS AND FLARE IN
NORMAL OPERATION AND EMERGENCY CASE
- 1 -

Figure II-1 Maximumhourly SO
2
concentration in g/m
3
All sources

2
3
All sources
- 2 -

Figure II-3 Maximum24hr SO
2
3
All sources

Figure II-4 Maximum24hr SO
2
3
All sources
- 3 -

Figure II-5 MaximumAnnual SO
2
3
All sources

Figure II-6 MaximumAnnual SO
2
3
All sources
- 4 -

X
3
All sources

X
3
All sources
- 5 -

Figure II-9 Maximum24hr NO
X
3
All sources

Figure II-10 Maximum24hr NO
X
3
All sources
- 6 -

Figure II-11 Maximumannual NO
X
3
All sources

Figure II-12 Maximumannual NO
X
3
All sources
- 7 -

Figure II-13 Maximumhourly CO concentration in g/m
3
All sources

3
All sources
- 8 -

Figure II-15 Maximum8hr CO concentration in g/m
3
All sources

3
All sources
- 9 -

3
All sources

3
All sources
- 10 -

Figure II-19 Maximum24hr PM10 concentration in g/m
3
All sources

Figure II-20 Maximum24hr PM10 concentration in g/m
3
All sources
- 11 -

Figure II-21 Maximumannual PM10 concentration in g/m
3
All sources

Figure II-22 Maximumannual PM10 concentration in g/m
3
All sources
- 12 -

Figure II-23 Maximumhourly NO
x
3

Emergency Unlit HC Flare

x
3

- 13 -

x
3
HC Purge gas Flare Max. H
2
S

x
3
HC Purge gas Flare Max. H
2
S
- 14 -

Figure IV-27 Maximumhourly CO concentration in g/m
3


3

- 15 -

3

HC Purge Gas Flare Max. H
2
S

3
HC Purge Gas Flare Max. H
2
S
- 16 -

2
3

Emergency HC Purge Gas Flare Max. H
2
S

2
3
Emergency HC Purge Gas Flare Max. H
2
S
- 17 -
- 18 -

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