EBIO 2013

Natural Resources and Sustainable Development Renewable Energy: A Review on Geothermal Energy
Anish Kumar, Manoj Singh Chouhan, Ravi Pratap, Arunav Banerjee

Biodiversity

M.Tech 1st year Department of Plastics Engineering B 27, Amausi Industrail Area, Lucknow (U.P.) This review paper concerns with the renewable energy for current as well as futures aspects. As demand of energy in every sector increasing worldwide day by day. Energy resources available at present is in limited proportion and depend on only fossil fuels as on global scale 77% of energy is generated from fossil fuel. This increases the emission of CO2, a major greenhouse gas. Every year, power plants in the US alone put more than 2.5 million tons of CO2 into atmosphere. Also due to limit availability, time will come when resources end. Conservation is vital but we need an alternate option for energy resources. So there are a lot of good reasons to move towards the use of renewable energy both for now and future. Renewable energy resources significant opportunities for energy efficiency exist over world geographical areas, in contrast to other energy sources. Rapid deployment of renewable energy, technological diversification of energy sources would result in significant energy security. Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms it derives directly from the Sun(solar energy), heat generated deep within the earth(Geothermal energy), wind, ocean(Tidal energy) ,hydropower ,biomass. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, hot water/space heating, motor fuel and roller energy sources. Renewable energy can be particularly suitable for developing countries like India. In rural and remote areas, transmission and distribution of energy generated from fossil fuels can be difficult and expensive. Producing renewable energy locally can offer a viable alternative. The market for renewable energy technologies has continued to grow. Climate change concerns, coupled with the high oil prices, peak oil and increasing, government supports are driving increasing renewable energy legislation, incentives and commercialization. The renewable energy system on a large scale are an important step for keeping national and international infrastructure, its all important to understand scalability of renewable energy solutions. Our overall conclusion in this review is that there is scope for significant penetration of renewable energy to next 10-20 years compared to about 5% today. Higher levels subsequently would be technically feasible. Equally however, it would be possible to decarbonise electricity generation with very significant nuclear deployment and have limited renewables; carbon capture and storage may also emerge as a cost-effective technology.