PWM simetrical regular sampling control circuit for a two-level three phase inverter

Project Theme Implement the control circuit for a two-level three phase inverter having the following design inputs. 1. Control Technique sinusoidal PWM simetrical sampling and asimetrical sampling !. "emiconductor #evices$ M%"&'T 3. #C (oltage )in* +,--(
4. "witching frequenc. of the inverter

+/*01 +!1-( at an output frequenc. of

5. The ma2imum value of the line-to-line voltage

1. !. ,. 6. /.

1--013 +-.4 Tas* to 5e full field$ Implementing the control circuit using Matla5 "imulin* software and comparasion with the read. to use circuit from simulin* Computing the switching times "imulating the inverter motor circuit using the control circuit from point 1 &ourier 7nal.1e of the output waveforms "witching times for /- 01 output frequenc. and simulation.

Abstract Three-phase inverters are used for varia5le-frequenc. drive applications and for high power applications. 7 5asic three-phase inverter consists of three single-phase inverter switches each connected to one of the three load terminals. &or the most 5asic control scheme3 the operation of the three switches is coordinated so that one switch operates at each 8- degree point of the fundamental output waveform. This creates a line-to-line output waveform that has si2 steps. The si2-step waveform has a 1ero-voltage step 5etween the positive and negative sections of the square-wave such that the harmonics that are multiples of three are eliminated as descri5ed a5ove. When carrier-5ased PWM techniques are applied to si2-step waveforms3 the 5asic overall shape3 or envelope3 of the waveform is retained so that the ,rd harmonic and its multiples are cancelled. The three-phase PWM rectifier has the characteristic of drawing nearl. sinusoidal current with sta5le switching frequenc. and tight control of the position of modulation pulses. The simulation results show that the designed technique can improve three-phase PWM rectifier performance noticea5l..

Introduction Pulse width modulation 9PWM: is the method of choice to control modern power electronics circuits. The 5asic idea is to control the dut. c.cle of a switch such that a load sees a controlla5le average voltage. To achieve this3 the switching frequenc. 9repetition frequenc. for the PWM signal: is chosen high enough that the load cannot follow the individual switching events. "witching3 rather than linear operation of the power semiconductors3 is of course done to ma2imi1e the efficienc. 5ecause the power dissipation in a switch is ideall. 1ero in 5oth states. In a t.pical case3 the switching events are ;ust a <5lur= to the load3 which reacts onl. to the average state of the switch. PWM control is the most powerful technique that offers a simple method for controlling of analog s.stems with the processor>s digital output. PWM is emplo.ed in a wide variet. of applications3 ranging from measurement and communications to power control and conversion. Pulse-width modulation3 or pulse-duration modulation 9P#M:3 is a commonl. used technique for controlling power to inertial electrical devices3 made practical 5. modern electronic power switches. PWM technique is 5ased on comparison of carrier signal with control signal. Intersection points of signals shows commutation time of semiconductor power electronic switching components. There are two PWM signals as s.mmetric and as.mmetric. Pulses of s.mmetric PWM signal are alwa.s s.mmetric according to center of each PWM period. Pulses of as.mmetric PWM signal are aligned with one side of PWM period. ".mmetric PWM signals produce less output current and voltage harmonic

?asic purpose of PWM technique is to reduce inverter output harmonic level3 to increase voltage magnitude3 to reduce switching losses. The most important characteristic of PWM method is that as inverter input #C voltage is constant3 inverter output voltage and frequenc. can 5e changed. '2istence of harmonics in energ. s.stem is understood from corruptions of current and voltage waveforms that have sinusoidal form. %ne of the *nown harmonic sources is inverter too. 'ffects of inverter output current harmonics cause that increment of voltage droop 5ecause of current harmonic components3 overheating at induction motors 5ecause of occurred oscillations3 fault. measurements and decrement of life of equipments which are connected to out of inverter. "o decrement of harmonics is desired. Inverter power devices are switched as on-off man. times in half period to produce output voltage which has less harmonic. "PWM is used widespread from of old 5ecause of application easiness of PWM techniques. &undamental output voltage magnitude of PWM techniques is provided 5. ad;usting of modulation inde2. If modulation inde2 is less than one3 onl. side 5ands of fundamental wave frequenc..

Theory "ampling techniques The s.mmetric and as.mmetric PWM methods are e2plained with the following figure$

&igure !. ".mmetric and as.mmetric PWM In s.mmetric PWM3 the positive 9or negative: pulse of ever. PWM c.cle is located in the middle of the c.cle period3 while in the as.mmetric PWM3 the pulses are usuall. aligned to the start or end of the PWM c.cle.

Practicall.3 as.mmetric methods are relativel. easier to realise3 5ut s.mmetric methods evo*e fewer harmonic interferences. Therefore3 s.mmetric PWM should 5e used when possi5le.

a: "imetrical regular sampling

Computation of the switching times in case of simetrical regular sampling

T 1= 1 T- (1 + u ( t s ) ) !

1 T! = T- + T- (1 u ( t s ) ) !

5: 7simetrical regular sampling

Power M%"&'T is a universall. popular device for low-voltage3 low-power3 highfrequenc. applications3 such as switching mode power suppl.3 porta5le 5rush and 5rushless #C drives3 has no fear of competition 5. other devices in the future at that power level.

The model simulates three phase inverter with s.mmetric PWM modulation in which reference is sampled at the positive pea* of the carrier and is held constant till the ne2t positive

pea* of the carrier appears. The model demonstrates s.mmetric regular sampling at positive pea*s of carrier and fourier anal.sis of three phase inverter with this modulation technique. ".mmetric modulation can 5e o5served on the scope used 5. 1ooming the waveforms to large scale on time a2is. In inverter circuits3 the PWM is used in order to o5tain inverter output to 5e sinusoidal with magnitude and frequenc. controlla5le. PWM control technique is to that conclusion as the theoretical 5asis of the semiconductor switching devices turn on and off control3 so that the output to 5e a series of unequal amplitude equal to the width of the pulse3 with these pulses instead of sine waves or other of the required waveform. 7ccording to certain rules of each pulse-width modulated inverter circuit output voltage can change the si1e3 5ut also can change the output frequenc.. Induction motor driver circuits are harmonic sources 5ecause of their semiconductor switching power components. 0armonics are provided 5. inverter3 are inevita5le3 so optimi1ation of these is made. &or this purpose3 more fast and had less switching losses ones of used semiconductor power switching components are preferred3 also PWM 9Pulse Width Modulation: techniques used in inverter are developed. ?ecause of advances in solid state power devices and microprocessors3 switching power converters are used in more and more modern motor drivers to convert and deliver the required energ. to the motor @1A. Tas* of inverter is convert #C input voltage to 7C voltage with desired magnitude and frequenc.. %utput voltage regulation is made as constant or varia5le frequenc.. (aria5le output voltage can 5e o5tained *eeping constant inverter gain and ad;usting #C input voltage. 7nother method3 if #C input voltage is constant and not ad;usta5le3 varia5le output voltage can 5e o5tained 5. ad;usting of inverter gain3 this is provided 5. PWM control of inverter @!A. PWM signals are o5tained putting related signal data to sin ta5le at software which developed for carrier 5ased PWM signals. &or different PWM techniques3 inverter output current harmonic anal.sis is made changing modulation inde2 and modulation ratio with harmonic anal.1er. %utput current of the s.stem which controlled according to different PWM techniques and output current harmonics are investigated comparing each other. PWM control technique is to that conclusion as the theoretical basis of the semiconductor switching devices turn on and off control, so that the output to be a series of unequal amplitude equal to the width of the pulse, with these pulses instead of sine waves or other of the required waveform. According to certain rules of each pulse-width modulated inverter circuit output voltage can change the size, but also can change the output frequency.

5.Theoretical calculations and simulation results In this pro;ect we use the simetrical sampling sinusoidal PWM technique for simulating the inverter motor circuit. "imetrical sampling calculations Initial values$
f s + /*01 ;

Ts +

1 1 s; , s T- + / B 11- 6

(d + ,--( ;

(out + !1-( ; m a + - .4 ;

f1 + 1--01 .

Computing of the switching times in case of simetrical regular sampling$

1 T 91 D u C 9 t s : : ; ! 1 T! + T- D T- 91 - u C 9 t s : : ; ! 1 1 Tref + + + 1- - ! s ; f ref 1-f ref + 1--01 ; E ma2 + !1-( ; T1 +

f c + / B 1-, + /*01 ;

E d + ,--( ; !T- + Tc ;

T- +

1 + 1- -6 s ; 1- B 1- , f / B 1- , mf + c + + /- 9the frequenc. modulation ratio: f ref 1- !

m a + -.4 9the amplitude modulation ratio:

ma +
-.4 +

E ma2 !1+ ; E tr E tr

!1!1 E tr + + !,,.,@(A ; E tr -.4 u + E ma2 B sin 9 Gt : + !1- sin 9 ! F B 1-- t : ;

u 9 -: + !1- B sin 9 Gt - : ;

u 9 1: + !1- B sin 9 Gt1 : ;

. u 9 64: + !1- B sin 9 Gt 64 : ; T- + - B Tref /- ; T- + - ; T1 + 1 B Tref /- ;

T1 + 1 B

1- -! 1- -! 1 1 + + + -.---! ; ! + ///- B 1/ B 1- ,

1- -! + ! B -.---! + -.---6 ; /1- -! T, + , B + , B -.---! + -.---8 ; /1- -! T6 + 6 B + 6 B -.---! + -.---H ; /T/ + -.--1 ; T8 + -.--1! ; TI + -.--16 ; .. T64 + -.--4H . T! + ! B

The model simulates three phase inverter with s.mmetric PWM modulation in which reference is sampled at the positive pea* of the carrier and is held constant till the ne2t positive pea* of the carrier appears. The model demonstrates s.mmetric regular sampling at positive pea*s of carrier and fourier anal.sis of three phase inverter with this modulation technique. ".mmetric modulation can 5e o5served on the scope used 5. 1ooming the waveforms to large scale on time a2is.