Competitive Strategy Guide: Microsoft Microsoft SQL Analysis Services (MSAS), which is sold as a component of Microsoft SQL Server,

competes directly with Hyperion Essbase. Microsoft is e tremely a!!ressive in its mar"etin! and its #se of sales channels, and has an important role in the lowerin! of software pricin! models in the mar"ets in which it starts to operate. However, Microsoft is incapable of directly deliverin! comple analytic sol#tions to its clients, and the analytic applications that r#n on MSAS are fra!mented and immat#re. MSAS tends to be #sed for small, departmental analytic sol#tions, not as enterprise$wide deployments. Services. Table of Contents THE BOTTOM L !E """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" # M C$OSO%T O$G&! '&T O! S!&(SHOT """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" # H%S&'().................................................................................................................................................................................................... * +(',-.&................................................................................................................................................................................................... / SE(0%.ES '11E(%23S ............................................................................................................................................................................... / Training .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Support Services................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 +(%.%23 A2, +A.4A3%23............................................................................................................................................................................ 5 .HA22ELS ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 +A(&2E(S ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 M C$OSO%T ST$E!GTHS"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ) M C$OSO%T *E&+!ESSES """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ) COM(&!, LE-EL ST$&TEG ES """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" . S/MM&$, 0OM& ! LE-EL ST$&TEG ES """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1 7-S%2ESS %2&ELL%3E2.E &''LS 8 &E.H2'L'3)......................................................................................................................................... 9

THE BOTTOM L !E Microsoft SQL Analysis Services (MSAS), which is sold as a component of Microsoft SQL Server, competes directly with Hyperion Essbase. Microsoft is e tremely a!!ressive in its mar"etin! and its #se of sales channels, and has an important role in the lowerin! of software pricin! models in the mar"ets in which it starts to operate. However, Microsoft is incapable of directly deliverin! comple analytic sol#tions to its clients, and the analytic applications that r#n on MSAS are fra!mented and immat#re. MSAS tends to be #sed for small, departmental analytic sol#tions, not as enterprise$wide deployments. M C$OSO%T O$G&! '&T O! S!&(SHOT History Microsoft was late in enterin! the data wareho#se mar"et, behind 2.(:&eradata, 'racle, %7M etc. and is only now startin! to provide lar!e$scale data wareho#se feat#res (parallel ;#ery etc.) inside its relational database, which have been available from those vendors since *<<= or before +#rchased 'LA+ technolo!y in 'ctober *<<9 from &el Aviv$based +anorama Software Systems

&his doc#ment is .ompany .onfidential and is for Hyperion %nternal -se only. >hile it is desi!ned to help yo# form#late competitive sales strate!ies, it sho#ld not be #sed (in whole or in part) as a ?leave behind? #nder any circ#mstances. &he information contained herein is believed to be acc#rate as of the date of p#blication. +lease send any corrections:amendments to @ames (ichardson, or #se any of the >ar (oom feedbac" mechanisms. (age # of 1

1irst commercial release of Microsoft 'LA+ Services was at the end of *<<A, tho#!h most c#stomers did not !et it #ntil abo#t 1ebr#ary *<<< Microsoft released several downloadable add$ins and two service pac"s, one in mid *<<< and the other in March /BBB ,ecember 9, /BBB $$ Anno#nces release of the beta specification for CML for Analysis $$ a new protocol that e tends the Microsoft b#siness intelli!ence strate!y to the Microsoft.2E& vision of >eb services, allowin! application developers to provide analytic capabilities to any client on any device or platform #sin! any pro!rammin! lan!#a!e March D, /BBB $$ Anno#nces beta release of the 'LE ,7 for ,ata Minin! specification, a protocol based on the SQL lan!#a!e that provides software vendors and application developers with an open interface to inte!rate data minin! tools and capabilities into line$ of$b#siness and e$commerce applications more efficiently

(roduct MicrosoftEs Analysis Services is the analytic:'LA+ component of its SQL Server /BBB prod#ct. &he followin! ;#otes were ta"en from the Microsoft Server web siteF ?SQL Server /BBB is the complete database and analysis offerin!. 1rom the ability to ;#ery the database thro#!h a browser to rich E tensible Mar"#p Lan!#a!e (CML) s#pport, SQL Server /BBB is the f#lly >eb$enabled database.? ?SQL Server /BBB Analysis Services provides ... complete, inte!rated, and >eb$enabled analysis services. &he 'LA+ component incl#des a middle$tier server that enables #sers to perform sophisticated analyses on lar!e vol#mes of data with e ceptional data$ retrieval performance times. ,ata so#rces can incl#de any 'LE ,7 provider, s#ch as SQL Server, 'racle, ,7/, other relational databases, and te t files. &he data minin! feat#re in SQL Server /BBB enables companies to discover patterns and trends and ma"e predictions abo#t f#t#re trends in their b#sinesses. G ?'LA+ Actions, a new feat#re of Analysis Services in Microsoft SQL Server /BBB, allow end #sers to act #pon the o#tcomes of their analyses to a#tomatically drive b#siness processes. An Action is an end #ser$initiated operation #pon a selected c#be or portion of a c#be. &he operation can la#nch an application with the selected item as a parameter or retrieve information abo#t the selected item. 7y implementin! Actions, which are easily defined with the Action >iHard, developers can transform client applications from sophisticated data$renderin! tools to inte!ral parts of a feedbac" loop in an enterprise$wide operational system. 7y #sin! Actions, end #sers can !o beyond traditional analysis and initiate sol#tions to discovered problems and deficiencies.? Services Offerings Training 'LA+ (E+'(& $$ Microsoft has aro#nd *=,BBB .ertified Sol#tion +roviders %t is c#rrently seein! maybe / to = percent of those as havin! the capability to ta"e 'LA+ to the mar"et$place %t is e pectin! this proportion to !row to *B percent as a res#lt of its own trainin! and certification efforts %21'(MA&%'2 >EE4 $$ Microsoft had awarded I#st 5=,BBB Microsoft .ertified Systems En!ineer certificates by the fall of *<<D, b#t that n#mber soared to /5*,BBB by 1ebr#ary /BBB 1or the more$rarified Microsoft .ertified Sol#tions ,eveloper, the n#mbers rose from 5,BBB to nearly /6,BBB in the same period

Support Services 'LA+ (E+'(& $$ Microsoft char!es for maintenance and s#pport in a different way to other software vendors and it also has vario#s corporate software p#rchase options, s#ch as the Microsoft 'pen License (M'L+) plan, that will mean that most lar!e sites pay perhaps /B percent lower license fees than those shown above. However, the net maintenance and s#pport costs are li"ely to wor" o#t at a relatively hi!her than #s#al percenta!e of (the low) license fees &he software maintenance alone is li"ely to be abo#t 5= percent for the first two years, on top of which some s#pport costs are also li"ely to be inc#rred

&his doc#ment is .ompany .onfidential and is for Hyperion %nternal -se only. >hile it is desi!ned to help yo# form#late competitive sales strate!ies, it sho#ld not be #sed (in whole or in part) as a ?leave behind? #nder any circ#mstances. &he information contained herein is believed to be acc#rate as of the date of p#blication. +lease send any corrections:amendments to @ames (ichardson, or #se any of the >ar (oom feedbac" mechanisms. (age 2 of 1

1or comparability with other vendors, we are ass#min! that first year software maintenance and s#pport costs 6B percent of license fees for the server

%n addition, client costs need to be added, and sites co#ld choose from clients that effectively cost nothin! (s#ch as Sea!ateEs Analysis or the net cost of the 'LA+ f#nctionality in E cel /BBB), thro#!h several in the J*BB$J6BB ran!e, #p to abo#t J*BBB per seat (ricing and (ac3aging 'LA+ (E+'(& $$ +er$server licenseF Standard Edition starts at J*,6A<K Enterprise Edition starts at J**,B<< +er$.+- licensesF ,evelopment Edition, J6<<K Standard Edition, J6,<<<K Enterprise Edition, J*<,<<<, -p!rades start at JD6< Standard Edition Enterprise Edition +rocessor License J6,<<< per processor J*<,<<< per processor Server with five .ALs Server with ten .ALs Server with /= .ALs Additional five .ALs Additional /= .ALs J*,6A< J/,/6< n:a JD6< n:a n:a n:a J**,B<< n:a J=,=6<

7y comparison, SQL Server D Standard Edition cost J*<<< for a ten$#ser system (increased */.= percent to J//6< for SQL Server /BBB), and SQL Server D Enterprise Edition cost JD<<< for a /=$#ser system (increased 5< percent to J**,B<< in SQL Server /BBB). &his is a si!nificant price increase Enterprise Edition, beca#se of its minim#m /= seats, has an entry price m#ch closer to other 'LA+ servers E istin! sites, or those #sin! competitive prod#cts can #p!rade for appro imately half price. &his is more e pensive than the #p!rades a#tomatically provided as part of the maintenance by other vendors C4annels Sales Model s#pported by 7#siness$to$7#siness ad spendin! of J/*A million in L<< $$ 5rd behind A&8& and %7M for -.S.$based advertisers A,0E(&%S%23 A3E M Leadin! dot$com advertiser $$ Ad spendin! for companiesE %nternet operations with J*9/ million in first half of /BBB %n September /BBB, anno#nces new reven#e se!ments for fiscal year /BB* $$ consists of ,es"top SoftwareK Enterprise Software and ServicesK .ons#mer Software, Services, and ,evicesK .ons#mer .ommerce %nvestments &he 'EM sales !ro#p incl#des the sales force that wor"s with ori!inal e;#ipment man#fact#rers that preinstall Microsoft software on their +.s %n addition to the 'EM channel, Microsoft has three maIor !eo!raphic sales and mar"etin! or!aniHationsF the So#th +acific and Americas, E#rope, Middle East and Africa, and Asia &he .ompanyEs c#stomers incl#de cons#mers, small and medi#m$siHed or!aniHations, enterprises, dotcoms, ed#cational instit#tions, %S+s, application developers and 'EMs Most cons#mers of Microsoft prod#cts are individ#als in b#sinesses, !overnment a!encies, ed#cational instit#tions and at home

&his doc#ment is .ompany .onfidential and is for Hyperion %nternal -se only. >hile it is desi!ned to help yo# form#late competitive sales strate!ies, it sho#ld not be #sed (in whole or in part) as a ?leave behind? #nder any circ#mstances. &he information contained herein is believed to be acc#rate as of the date of p#blication. +lease send any corrections:amendments to @ames (ichardson, or #se any of the >ar (oom feedbac" mechanisms. (age 5 of 1

(artners ,ata >areho#sin! Alliance /BBB is described by Microsoft as a Escalable architect#re that speeds, simplifies and red#ces the cost of b#ildin!, mana!in! and #sin! todayEs b#siness intelli!ence applications b#ilt into the >indows /BBB operatin! system, Microsoft SQL Server D, and 'ffice /BBBE. At the heart of Alliance /BBB data wareho#se applications, lie the Microsoft operatin! system, database prod#ct, and office s#ite. 7#t also important are the data transfer ('LE ,7) and meta data ('pen %nformation Model) standards involved. As of @an#ary /BBB, the initiative has been r#nnin! for a little over a year, and aro#nd 6B vendors, incl#din! 7#siness 'bIects, .o!nos, .omshare, and %nformatica, have ;#alified to participate, contrib#tin! in all some =B or so prod#cts %n ,ecember, /BBB MicrosoftLs CML for Analysis anno#ncement incl#ded s#pportin! ;#otes from ,SS vendors .o!nos, and 4nosysK a separate s#pportin! press release was iss#ed by 7#siness 'bIects. %n addition to these vendors, other established ,SS vendors involved in the review process incl#ded (amon! others) maIor ind#stry players s#ch as 7rio, 7roadbase, SAS, Sea!ate Software, and S+SS and systems inte!rators s#ch as Andersen .ons#ltin! and +ricewaterho#se.oopers. %n April /BB*, Hyperion anno#nced the Ioint p#blishin! of the CML for Analysis specification with Microsoft in which we will wor" to!ether technically to create an open access mechanism for m#lti$dimensional databases. &he companies will contin#e to compete in the 'LA+ mar"et. M C$OSO%T ST$E!GTHS Microsoft presents the followin! strate!ic advanta!es to prospectsF &he Microsoft ,ata >areho#sin! Alliance has over forty members, providin! s#pport for its ,ata >areho#sin! 1ramewor" which incl#des the MicrosoftEs (epository, SQL Server, and SQL Server 'LA+ Services, >indows, and 'ffice. SQL Server D.B was a very si!nificant improvement over prior versions and, #nli"e its predecessors, ;#alifies as a f#ll$f#nction database mana!ement system. &he ne t maIor release, SQL Server /BBB, will incorporate data minin! f#nctionality and to!ether with the c#rrent 'LA+ Services will be branded as Analysis Services %n addition to Ioinin! the Meta ,ata .oalition in ,ecember *<<A, Microsoft t#rned over the s#pport and evol#tion of its 'pen %nformation Model to the .oalition $$ allowin! Microsoft to position its efforts as ind#stry$standard and non$proprietary, thereby increasin! its ind#stry$wide infl#ence Microsoft has followed #p on its s#ccessf#l 'LE ,7 for 'LA+ initiative with an 'LE ,7 for ,ata Minin! specification (first open to p#blic review in March /BBB) and established itself in the data minin! space %n late @#ne /BBB, Microsoft #nveiled its %nternet$centric Microsoft.2E& technolo!y roadmap which incl#des new !enerations of its prod#cts, incl#din! its operatin! system. As data wareho#ses contin#e to evolve into data web$ho#ses, these prod#cts will a#!ment MicrosoftEs capabilities in this space

M C$OSO%T *E&+!ESSES .-((E2& A2AL)S%S $$ Microsoft tends to have tro#ble meetin! its release dates and is certainly not "nown for shippin! prod#ct ?before its time.? 1or e ample, when SQL Server /BBB was anno#nced in ,ecember *<<<, it was d#e to ship in ?the first half of /BBB.? As of the end of @#ne /BBB, the prod#ct is in beta / and is not e pected to be in !eneral release #ntil later in the year .-((E2& A2AL)S%S $$ >hile we believe that the final sanctions imposed by the ,'@ (,epartment of @#stice) will be less drastic than splittin! the company in two, the threat will ma"e Microsoft a less a!!ressive competitor and slow down its forward moment#m ,A&A>A(EH'-S%23 &''LS 7-LLE&%2 $$ %t is not too diffic#lt to envisa!e non$>indows based interfaces identical, or very close to, 'LE ,7 and 'LE ,7 for 'LA+, bein! developed to permit the easy movement of applications from Microsoft to non$Microsoft environments $$ Microsoft wonEt be writin! them .-((E2& A2AL)S%S $$ Altho#!h .omp#ter Associates (.A) $$ which ac;#ired +LA&%2-M technolo!y in @#ne *<<< $$ has not abandoned the Microsoft:+LA&%2-M partnership to port the Microsoft (epository to non$>indows environments, the effort has slowed down since .A ac;#ired +LA&%2-M (in part d#e to the loss of "ey personnel) .-((E2& A2AL)S%S $$ Microsoft contin#es its battle with archrival 'racle. >hile the war is far from over, the ratification of the 'racle$sponsored .ommon >areho#se Metamodel by the 'bIect Mana!ement 3ro#p is a victory for 'racle at MicrosoftEs e pense

&his doc#ment is .ompany .onfidential and is for Hyperion %nternal -se only. >hile it is desi!ned to help yo# form#late competitive sales strate!ies, it sho#ld not be #sed (in whole or in part) as a ?leave behind? #nder any circ#mstances. &he information contained herein is believed to be acc#rate as of the date of p#blication. +lease send any corrections:amendments to @ames (ichardson, or #se any of the >ar (oom feedbac" mechanisms. (age ) of 1

COM(&!, LE-EL ST$&TEG ES -se these strate!ies to position Hyperion a!ainst Microsoft at the company levelF Stress HyperionEs specialiHation and foc#s on the b#siness analysis mar"et. Microsoft deals in h#!e c#stomer vol#mes, of which the b#siness analysis:'LA+ c#stomer base is only a small part. MicrosoftEs b#siness foc#s is spread across many areas incl#din! operatin! systems, relational databases, front office applications, and cons#mer software. &here are no pac"a!ed analytical applications from Microsoft, and E cel is the front$end tool they provide. Hyperion delivers on its vision with the followin! stren!thsF &echnolo!y and tools to s#pport all types of analytic applications, across all b#siness f#nctions and levels. +ac"a!ed applications with the best b#siness practices and processes b#ilt in. &he technical s#pport, cons#ltin!, and ed#cation services to ens#re s#ccessf#l implementations. And stron! partnerships with leadin! data wareho#sin! and 7% vendors, E(+, .(M and S.M providers, pac"a!ed analytic applications developers, and cons#ltin! and implementation service providers.

Stress HyperionEs s#perior total offerin!, which incl#des e cellent c#stomer service. Microsoft has an 'LA+ technolo!y sol#tion, b#t their s#pport services are m#ch more limited in e perience and e pertise in implementin! analytical applications across a broad spectr#m of vertical ind#stries. Hyperion has an award$winnin! services or!aniHation that provides e pert service and s#pport for analytic applications across the enterprise. .ite evidence of MicrosoftEs closed platform approach and diminishin! ind#stry infl#ence. Hyperion and Microsoft have very different philosophies that drive architect#ral decisions. Microsoft wants to loc" c#stomers into their technolo!y platform. Hyperion wants to help c#stomers levera!e their investments in e istin! technolo!y, and e tend their analytical capabilities #sin! new technolo!ies. Here are some factsF Analysis Services is desi!ned to help sell more of the SQL Server /BBB relational database, and MicrosoftEs heavy reliance on client side cachin! and processin! is based on the fact that it controls more than <BN of the des"top operatin! system mar"et. Altho#!h this architect#re helps sell more %ntel based +.s r#nnin! Microsoft >indows, it limits scalability, performance, and deployment of analytic applications. (ather than forcin! companies to conform to a Microsoft environment, Hyperion Essbase provides an e tensible architect#re, s#pport for hetero!eneo#s environments, and s#pport for distrib#ted deployments. Analyst .ommentF &raditional prod#ct eval#ation criteria$performance, scalability and ease$of$#se, falls after Ecompatibility with other software,E which is now 2o.* in terms of importance. OE pense ran"s a mere 2o. */ in terms of importance to decision ma"in!.? $3artner 3ro#p:,ataQ#est (esearch 2ote ,7,>$>>$->$<<B*, -ser 7% +latform .riteria 'pport#nities in ,ata >areho#sin! and 7#siness %ntelli!enceF )ear /BBB and 7eyond -ser >ants and 2eedsK .#stomer 7enefitF #t#al of 'maha .ompanies, a J*5.= billion ins#rer, ta"e advanta!e of HyperionEs partnership with +eopleSoft to a#tomatically synchroniHe metadata stored in its 3eneral Led!er with the contents of its Hyperion Essbase analytic applications. 7y a#tomatin! the synchroniHation of information in analytic applications with information in operational applications M#t#al red#ced the cost of maintenance for %& and increased the acc#racy of information for b#siness #sers. httpF::www.hyperion.com:csPm#t#alofomaha.cfm &he 'bIect Mana!ement 3ro#pEs ratification of the 'racle$initiated .ommon >areho#se Metamodel. Also, the !overnmentEs attempt to split$#p Microsoft indicates that a commitment to Microsoft technolo!y co#ld be ris"y. Ma"e s#re the prospect #nderstands the scope of HyperionEs wide array of partners, who offer the breadth of f#nctionality and e pertise to assemble the best possible sol#tion. As well as inte!ration, and system inte!rators, Hyperion &ools +artners offer an array of mat#re front ends to address a variety of re;#irements. Established and active partners incl#de Alpha7lo , 7#siness 'bIects, Arc+lan, 7rio, Sea!ate, &emtec, H#mmin!7ird, +ainted >ord, .orv#, Advanced 0is#al Systems. Hyperion also offers an array of web enabled Essbase front$ends s#ch as Hyperion Application 7#ilder (@ava:@/EE >eb framewor"), Hyperion AnalyHer ('pen o#t of the bo web deployment), Hyperion (eports (offerin! batch reportin! as well as inte!ration with AnalyHer and HA7).

&his doc#ment is .ompany .onfidential and is for Hyperion %nternal -se only. >hile it is desi!ned to help yo# form#late competitive sales strate!ies, it sho#ld not be #sed (in whole or in part) as a ?leave behind? #nder any circ#mstances. &he information contained herein is believed to be acc#rate as of the date of p#blication. +lease send any corrections:amendments to @ames (ichardson, or #se any of the >ar (oom feedbac" mechanisms. (age . of 1

S/MM&$, 0OM& ! LE-EL ST$&TEG ES Business ntelligence Tools 6 Tec4nology EmphasiHe that Hyperion is the 'LA+ leaderF 7ased on independent mar"et analysis p#blished in the 'LA+ (eport, Hyperion Essbase has more total mar"et share than its two closest competitors combined. Meta 3ro#p, in their S+EC )ear /BBB Eval#ation states ?Hyperion Essbase remains the best$in$class 'LA+ sol#tion available in the mar"etplace today.? &he eval#ation was based on 1#nctionality, -ser$friendliness, &echnolo!y, Mar"et Stren!th. See httpF::www.hyperion.com:news:awards.cfm Stress HyperionLs offerin! as a total inte!rated sol#tion. &he val#e of 'LA+ sho#ld not be constrained to simple f#nctional chec"$ mar"in! of the 'LA+ server. Hyperion offers a ran!e of inte!rated pac"a!ed sol#tions that levera!e the stren!ths of the Essbase 'LA+ server and provides horiHontal inte!ration by e tendin! Essbase with o#t of the bo sol#tions to common analytical re;#irements, s#ch as financial modelin!, plannin!, website analysis, and call center analysis. .-((E2& A2AL)S%S $$ CML for Analysis will not be bac"ward compatible with SQL Server D 'LA+ Services ('racle and Hyperion sho#ld point o#t that the @'LA+ specification was initiated by several maIor ind#stry vendors and is not a ?propriety? vendor$centric specification) SQL Server is an 2&$only prod#ct (raise concerns abo#t the necessity of portin! to a new database when #sers o#t!row their 2& platform) 'LA+ (E+'(& $$ &here is no data loc"in!, so the last edit EwinsE. &his is a wea"ness compared to Essbase, that allows m#lti$writes with loc"in! 'LA+ (E+'(& $$ &he 'LA+ console does not provide >iHards to facilitate the creation of comple financial r#les and the doc#mentation also does not provide m#ch help in this area ,A&A>A(EH'-S%23 &''LS 7-LLE&%2 $$ )o# cannot tal" directly to the 'LA+ Services Analysis Server itself, #nless yo# are able to reverse$en!ineer the proprietary and closed protocol between client and server ,A&A>A(EH'-S%23 &''LS 7-LLE&%2 $$ )o# are re;#ired to r#n a Microsoft$s#pplied client component (i.e. +ivot&able Services) for each client #ser M complicates brid!in! o#t of a non$Microsoft environment ,A&A>A(EH'-S%23 &''LS 7-LLE&%2 $$ &here isnEt a fine$!rain sec#rity model inside the c#be $$ %n any !iven c#be, yo# canEt separate #serEs views in a sec#re manner on the basis of the str#ct#re of the c#be, i.e., sales reps can see each othersE tar!ets

&his doc#ment is .ompany .onfidential and is for Hyperion %nternal -se only. >hile it is desi!ned to help yo# form#late competitive sales strate!ies, it sho#ld not be #sed (in whole or in part) as a ?leave behind? #nder any circ#mstances. &he information contained herein is believed to be acc#rate as of the date of p#blication. +lease send any corrections:amendments to @ames (ichardson, or #se any of the >ar (oom feedbac" mechanisms. (age 1 of 1