Lesson 1

What do you know about your digestive system ?

Organs

Description A cavity contains : A ) Teeth 32 in the adult 16 in each jaw 4 incisors 2 canines 10 molars

Function

1- Mouth

Cut food

Grind the food

B ) Tongue

- Turns & mixes up the food with saliva - Tastes food

C ) Salivary glands 3 pairs

Secretes saliva which contains enzymes converts starch into sugar

2- Pharynx
Common cavity leads to esophagus & trachea 3- Esophagus Muscular tube

Common path for food & air

Allows food to pass from mouth to stomach

4 Stomach Muscular sac

Mixes the food with digestive juices ( as gastric juice ) that digests protein incompletely

5- Small

intestine

Its length 7 m Starts with duodenum followed by ileum

-The food is completely digested by helping of bile , pancreatic juice & intestinal juice Note: bile & pancreatic juice are poured in duodenum while intestinal juice is poured in ileum absorbed blood - Digested food is
Throw its wall distributes it

all over the body Note: Bile juice helps to digest fats where it changes fats into a fatty emulsion

large intestine

6-

Starts from the end of small intestine ending in the anus ( located at the end of rectum )

- absorbs water from food remains - ejects the wastes outside the body throw the anus

Lesson 2 What do you know about respiratory system?

Nose Pharynx Trachea

- Filters the air from dust and warms it - Common cavity leads to esophagus and trachea -Is supported with incomplete cartilaginous rings -Branches into two bronchi - Is lined with cilia to eject up the strange objects Voice box Closes trachea during swallowing - Occupy the thoracic cavity - Are surrounded by the ribs - Gas exchange takes place throw alveoli - Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity - Helps in the processes of inhalation and exhalation.

larynx Epiglottis Lungs

Diaphragm

Comparison between inhalation and exhalation

P.O.C Diaphragm muscle Thoracic cavity Gas moved Inhalation Contracts & moves down Enlarges Oxygen enters the lungs Exhalation Relaxes & moves up Becomes narrow Carbon dioxide & moves outside

Give reason:
1 Nose is lined with hair & mucous layer: To filter dust from air before entering lungs 2- Nose contains blood capillaries : To warm air 3- Trachea is supported with incomplete rings: To be opened all the time 4 Trachea is lined with cilia: To eject up the strange objects 5- The presence of epiglottis at the upper part of larynx To close the trachea during swallowing. 6- The alveoli have a thin wall: To allow the gas exchange.

Lesson No. 3
The cell
The cell : is the building unit of the living organism body. Structure of the cell : Cell parts Nucleus Cytoplasm Plasma membrane Cell wall Chloroplasts vacuole Animal x x Plant

Unit One

Nucleus : dark oval body Function : It has a big role in cell division. Cytoplasm : fill the space of the cell. Function: Biological operations are acted by it. Plasma membrane : surrounds the cell. Function : controls the substances entering into the cell or leaving it.. Unicellular organisms : They are not seen by the naked eye. Examples : Bacteria and Yeast. They can do all biological functions. Yeast fungus (unicellular organism) Economic importance of the yeast fungus. It is used in a lot of industries such as : 1- Making bread. 2- Making alcohol

Structure of Yeast fungus

Lessons ( 4 ) &( 5) Importance of sunlight energy paths

The photosynthesis process:-

"It is the process by which the green plants make their food"
Sun light Carbon + water Chlorophyll starch + oxygen
Changes the colour of iodine solution into dark blue

Starch Oxygen
The living organisms are divided into: producers consumers
- Can make their food by themselves Ex: -green plants - Algae - Some kind of bacteria - Depend on green plants to get their food Ex: - human - animals Herbivores: eat plants or

Increases the glowing of splint

decomposers
- Get their food by decomposing the dead body or wastes Ex: - Fungi - some kind of bacteria

grass only. Ex: Cow chicken Carnivores: eat animals only. Ex: lion Omnivores: eat both animals &plants Ex: human.

Food chain

"It is the path that the energy transmits in the form of food from a living organism to another" Ex1:
Green plant

rabbit

fox

lion

Ex2:
Aquatic plant Aquatic insect Fish Whole

Food web

"It is a group of overlapping food chains"