INFOTEK COMPUTER CENTRE

COMPUTER LITERACY

LESSON 1 : COMPUTER BASICS What is a Computer? A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or "data." It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You can use a computer to type documents, send email, and surf the Internet. You can also use it to handle spreadsheets, accounting, database management, presentations, games, and more.
Komputer adalah alatan elektronik yang memanipulasikan maklumat atau data. Ia boleh menyimpan, mencari dan memproses data. Komputer juga digunakan untuk memasukkan data, menghantar email dan melayari internet, membuat akaun,pembentangan (Ms PowerPoint) dan lain-lain.

Whether you realize it or not, computers play an important role in our lives. When you withdraw cash from an AT , scan groceries at the store, or use a calculator, you!re using a type of computer.
nda menggunakan komputer setiap hari dalam kehidupan anda tanpa anda sedari contohnya menggunakan mesin !M, kod bar di pasaraya dan kalkulator.

The first electronic computer, the "lectronic #umerical Integrator and $omputer %"#IA$&, was developed in '()*. It measured '+ feet by +, feet and weighed -, tons.
Komputer electronic yang pertama adalah "lectronic #umerical Integrator dan $omputer ("#I $) yang dicipta pada tahun %&'(.

What are the Di ere!t T"pes o Computers? There are many types of computers, but perso!a# $omputers and #aptop computers are probably the two types of computers that you thin. of first.
)ua jenis komputer utama yang harus diketahui ialah personal komputer dan laptop.

Desktop Computers any people use %es&top $omputers, or des.tops as they are often referred to, at wor., home, school, or the library. They can be small, medium, or large in style, and usually sit on a des.. The term des.top actually refers to the $asi!', 1

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or the to(er. /nce you add a monitor, mouse, and a .eyboard, you have what is typically .nown as a des.top computer.
*amai orang menggunakan desktop di rumah, tempat kerja, sekolah dan perpustakaan. Ianya boleh dalam bentuk yang kecil, sederhana atau besar. )esktop sebenarnya merujuk pada sarung(casing) atau menara. )engan adanya monitor, tetikus and papan kekunci maka wujudlah komputer.

ost des.top computers are eas" to up'ra%e and e)pa!%, or add new parts. In addition to e0pandability, another benefit of des.top computers is the $ost. If you compare a des.top computer with '1+ 2 of 3A and a 1 42 hard drive to a laptop with the same features, you will most li.ely find that the des.top computer is priced lower.
Kebanyakkan komputer mudah untuk di naik tara+ atau dikemaskini unrtuk membuat penambahan selain daripada kosnya yang murah.

The term %es&top $omputer originated when the computer case was wide and flat, and was designed specifically to it o! "our %es&top with the monitor on top.
)esktop komputer mendapat nama berdasarkan rekabentuknya yang lebar dan mendatar.

Laptop Computers The second type of computer that you may be familiar with is a #aptop $omputer, or laptops as they are often referred to. 5aptops are battery or A$6powered personal computers that can be easi#" $arrie% and used in a variety of locations.
Komputer laptop juga dikenali sebagai laptop. Ia menggunakan bateri dan mudah di bawa kemana-mana sahaja.

A 7uic. glance at the size of a laptop and you might guess that it would be %i i$u#t to e)pa!% or up'ra%e . While the des.top computer case is relatively easy to open and access internal components, the small laptop case ma.es this more difficult in comparison. 8owever, the primar" *e!e it of a laptop computer is its small size and eas" porta*i#it". A #aptop computer is sometimes called a !ote*oo& $omputer because of its size.
,ekali pandang laptop kelihatan agak sukar untuk diterokai berbanding desktop. !etapi laptop adalah sangat mudah untuk dibawa kemana sahaja berbanding desktop. Ianya juga dikenali sebagai komputer notebook kerana sai-nya.

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Are there Di ere!t T"pes o Perso!a# Computers? Two popular types of personal computers are the IBM $ompati*#e and Ma$i!tosh computers. The first personal computer was produced by I2 in '(+' and was called the IBM PC. In '(+), Apple $omputer introduced the acintosh, or Ma$+ Although both I2 and Apple computers are personal computers, the term 9$ came to refer to I2 or I2 6compatible personal computers.
)ua buah komputer yang terkenal adalah I.M ang dihasilkan pada tahun %&/% yang disebut I.M P$ dan Macintosh atau Mac diperkenalkan oleh pple $omputer pada tahun %&/'.

Apple now produces a acintosh computer called the iMa$, which is a des.top computer that features an a##,i!,o!e %esi'!. This means all the internal components are located behind the monitor, rather than in a tower case, which is customary in des.top computers.
pple saat ini menghasilkan komputer Macintosh yng dikenali sebagai iMac yang memiliki ciri-ciri all-in-one design. .ahagian dalamannya terletak di bahagian belakang monitor berbanding komputer desktop.

Other T"pes o Computers You may hear someone refer to a computer as a (or&statio! or a ser-er, especially at wor.. You may wonder how these two items are different from des.top computers.
,esetengah orang merujuk komputer sebagai workstation(tempat kerja) atau ser0er (pelayan).

Wor&statio!s are similar to des.top computers, but are more powerful and are usually connected to a networ.. Ser-ers are specialized computers that store and deliver, or :serve up,; information to other computers on a networ..
1orkstation menyerupai desktop tapi lebih kuat dan biasanya disambungkan kepada rangkaian. ,er0er pula lebih kepada memberikan maklumat atau menyimpannya di dalam komputer lain yang ada di dalam rangkaian.

There are many different types of servers such as i#e ser-ers, %ata*ase ser-ers, and (e* ser-ers. <or e0ample, employees at a company might store all the business documents on a i#e ser-er so that they can share files and access then from any computer on the networ.. When you use your browser to clic. a lin., a (e* ser-er delivers the page you re7uested on the Internet, the biggest networ. in the world.

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!erdapat pelbagai jenis ser0er (pelayan) seperti +ile ser0er yang digunakan untuk menyimpan maklumat perniagaan, database ser0er dan web ser0ers yang merupakan rangkaian yang terbesar dan ia akan memaparkan ruangan yang anda kehendaki.

E)er$ise 1

'. What is a $omputer= 1. What is the difference between >es.top $omputers and 5aptop $omputers= -. 8ow many types of 9ersonal $omputers are there=

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COMPUTER LITERACY

LESSON . : OPERATIN/ S0STEM

What is a! Operati!' S"stem? An operati!' s"stem is the most importa!t so t(are that runs on a computer. You might be thin.ing, :/?, but what is software=; So t(are is any set of instructions that performs some tas. on a computer. The operati!' s"stem performs ma!" essential tas.s for your computer.
,o+tware bermaksud sekumpulan arahan yang dikenali sebagai program yang digunakan dalam komputer.

It controls the memory needed for computer processes, manages dis. space, controls peripheral devices, and allows you to communicate with the computer without .nowing e0actly how a computer wor.s. Without a! operati!' s"stem1 a $omputer is use#ess.
Ia mengawal setiap perjalanan komputer tanpa anda lakukan. !anpanya, komputer tidak bermakna.. ketahui bagaimana ianya di

The Operati!' S"stem2s 3o* You!ve probably heard the phrase *oot "our $omputer, but do you .now what that means= Booti!' is the process that occurs when you press the power button to turn your computer on. At the end of at process, the operati!' s"stem loads.
.ooting berlaku apabila anda system akan dimuat turun. menghidupkan komputer dan dengan itu operating

<rom this point, the operating system begins to do its @ob of $o!tro##i!' the way in which the $omputer u!$tio!s. The operating system is responsible for ma!a'i!' the $omputer2s har%(are a!% so t(are resour$es . 2asically, the operating system serves as the boss, or manager, and ma.es sure all the various parts of the computer get what they need.
2perating system boleh di ibaratkan sebagai bos yang mengawal pekerjanya. Ia mengawal komputer dan memastikan setiap bahagian mendapat apa yang di perlukan.

When you use your personal computer, you may wor. on a Word document, print an email, and have your Internet browser open for web surfing, a## at the same time. These three programs need attention from the central processing unit %$9A& to do whatever tas. that you, the user, are telling it to do. 5

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Kesemua program yang ingin dilakukan perlu mendapat perhatian dari unit pemprosesan pusat ($P3) semasa melakukan sebarang tugas yang pengguna menyatakan iannya harus dilakukan.

These programs need memor" and stora'e, and need to be able to send messages to %e-i$es such as the mouse and the printer to accomplish these tas.s. The operating system is responsible for handling these areas, as well as pro$essor and !et(or& ma!a'eme!t.
Program ini memerlukan memori dan simpanan dan boleh menghantar mesej kepada peranti lain seperti tetikus dan pencetak untuk menyempurnakan tugas. Ianya bertanggungjawab untuk menangani processor and pengurusan rangkaian.

T"pes o Operati!' S"stems icrosoft Windows, ac /B C, and 5inu0 5ogos /perating systems usually come pre#oa%e% on the des.top and laptop computers that you can buy today. ost people use the operating system that comes with their computer, but it is possible to upgrade or even change operating systems. The three most $ommo! operating systems for personal computers are Mi$roso t Wi!%o(s, App#e Ma$ OS 4, and Li!u)
!erdapat tiga jenis 2perating ,ysyem (sistem operasi) yang biasa digunakan iaitu Microso+t 1indows, pple Mac 2, 4 dan juga 5inu6.

Microsoft Windows icrosoft created the operating system, Wi!%o(s, in the mid6'(+,s. They have a version of the operating system that is designed for the home user, and a professional version, which is intended for businesses. Windows comes pre#oa%e% on most of the 9$s sold today, and can also be purchased separately
Microso+t mencipta system operasi 1indows pada pertengahan %&/7 an. Mereka mempunyai system operasi yang direka bagi pengguna di rumah dan golongan pro+essional yang bertujuan untuk perniagaan. Ianya di muat turun pada P$ yang di beli atau boleh di beli secara berasingan.

icrosoft has a big share of the operating system mar.et. According to web analyst #et Bolutions, o-er 567 of computer users have one of the Windows operating systems, such as Windows (+, Windows 1,,,, Windows C9, or the most recent Windows Dista. Windows Dista and Windows C9 are often referred to as Dista and C9, respectively.
Microso+t mempunyai share sistem operasi terbesar di pasaran.

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Apple Mac OS Ma$ OS is a line of operating systems created by Apple Inc. The ac operating system is proprietary software that comes preloaded on all new acintosh computers, or acs. The most recent version of the operating system is called Ma$ OS 4 %pronounced ac /6B Ten&. 5i.e icrosoft, Apple offers a professional version of the operating system that is intended for use on servers and a version of the operating system that is developed for home users.

Linux Li!u) is an ope! sour$e, or ree, operating system. Anli.e Windows and ac /B, 5inu0 is !ot proprietar" so t(are and all the computer code that is part of the operating system can be used and modified by any user. 5inu0 was started in the '((,s when 5inus Torvalds, a person interested in creating a free operating system, developed the 5inu0 %pronounce lynn6u0& .ernal, which is computer code that is a central part of an operating system. As an open source software, any individual or company can ta.e the 5inu0 .ernal and modify and add to it

E)er$ise . '. What is an /perating Bystem and what does it do= 1. 8ow many types of operating systems are there= >escribe briefly.

LESSON 8 : PARTS O9 COMPUTER

Basi$ Parts o a Des&top Computer

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COMPUTER LITERACY

Mo!itor , The mo!itor wor.s with a -i%eo $ar%, located inside the computer case, to display images and te0t on the screen. The t(o mai! t"pes are cathode ray tube %$3T& and li7uid crystal display %5$>& monitors. The CRT monitor is *i', li.e a tube television, and ta.es up a lot of des. spaceE however, it is the least e0pensive monitor option. The LCD monitor is thi! and saves energy, but costs more. /ver the years you can e0pect to see fewer $3T monitors as 5$> monitors become the standard.
Monitor bertindak sebagai kad 0ideo pada komputer dan memaparkan imej atau data pada skrin komputer. !erdapat dua jenis iaitu cathode ray tube ($*!) dan li8uid crystal display (5$)) monitor. $*! lebih besar dan memakan ruang tetapi lebih murah berbanding 5$) yang nipis dan menjimatkan tenaga tetapi mahal.

Po(er Cor% , The power cord is the #i!& between the po(er out#et and the po(er supp#" u!it in the computer casing. If the power cord is not plugged in, the computer will not power on. It is a good idea to .eep the power cord plugged into an Aninterruptable 9ower Bupply %A9B&, which serves as a surge protector with its own temporary power source.
Power $ord adalah penghubung antara kabel elektrik dan unit bekalan kuasa pada komputer. !anpanya, komputer tidak dapat di hidupkan.

Mouse , The mouse is a periphera# that is .nown as a poi!ti!' %e-i$e. It lets you poi!t to ob@ects on the screen, $#i$& on them, and mo-e them. 9reviously, it was considered an optional device, but now all des.top computers will come with a mouse. There are two main types of mice 66 optical and mechanical. The opti$a# mouse uses an electronic eye to detect movement and is easier to clean. The me$ha!i$a# mouse uses a rolling ball to detect movement and is more difficult to cleanE however, it is less e0pensive, so many computers come with a mechanical mouse.
!etikus adalah alat yang dikenali sebagai peranti penunjuk. Ia membenarkan anda menunjuk objek yang berada di skrin komputer. ,ebelum ini ia dianggap sebagai peranti pilihan, tetapi sekarang setiap komputer desktop didatangi bersama dengan tetikus. da dua jenis utama tikus - optik yang menggunakan mata electronik untuk mengesan
gerakan dan mudah dibersihkan manakala mekanik menggunakan bola gegiling untuk mengesan pergerakkan dan sukar di bersihkan.

Pri!ter , A pri!ter is a periphera# that is used to print, or produce, a version of what appears on the screen in a har%$op" format. There are many types of printers available including in.6@et, laser6@et, and photo printers. Also, combination printers that include scanners and copiers are increasing in popularity.
Printer ialah pencetak yang di pasang pada komputer untuk mencetak dokumen yang terpapar pada skrin komputer.

S$a!!ers , A s$a!!er allows you to $op" a! ima'e or %o$ume!t and save it in electronic form onto your computer. While you can purchase a hand6held and flatbed scanners, you are more li.ely to purchase a scanner as an all6in6one option that combines a scanner, printer, and copier into one product.

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,canners digunakan untuk memuat turun gambar atau dokumen dari sekeping kertas kedalam komputer.

9ro!t o Computer Case Po(er Butto! 6The po(er *utto! is used to power the computer on and off. Power button digunakan untuk menghidupkan komputer. CD,ROM Dri-e :Compa$t Dis& Rea%,O!#" Memor"; , also .nown as an opti$a# %ri-e, allows you to play a $>63/ , @ust li.e a $> player allows you to listen to music. With a $>63/ drive you can #iste! to music -ie( i#es, and i!sta## so t(are that is located on a $>. A CD (riter is a device that can be used in con@unction with a $>63/ drive and allows you to copy or burn information onto specific types of $>s called $>63W %$ompact >is. 3eWritable& and $>63 %$ompact >is.63ecordable& discs.
$)-*2M hanya mambenarkan anda mendengar muzik, melihat fail dan memuat turun program kedalam komputer er anding CD writer! CD Witer mem olehkan anda untuk men"impan dan memuat turun maklumat dari komputer ke dalam disk!

D<D,ROM :Di'ita# <ersati#e Dis$ Rea%,O!#" Memor"; Dri-e , A D<D,ROM drive, also .nown as an opti$a# %ri-e, reads >D> discs, all types of $>s, and can display movies from digital video discs. >D>s can hold more data than a $>, so they are a good storage option. A D<D *ur!er is a device that can be used in con@unction with a >D>63/ and allows you to copy information onto >D> discs. It is considered a type of stora'e.
)9)-*2M juga dikenali sebagai optical de0ice. Ia boleh menbaca )9) and $) serta memainkan 0ideo digital. )9) burner digunakan untuk memuat turun maklumat daripada komputer ke dalam disk.

USB Port , The Aniversal Berial 9ort typically appears on the bac. of the computer case, but can sometimes be found on the front of the case, or hidden under a panel on the front of the case.
3,. Port terletak pada elakang atau depan komputer!

Au%io I!=Au%io Out 6 "very computer has a *a!& o au%io ports where you can connect various devices, including spea.ers, microphones, headsets, and more.
udio In:Audio Out terdapat pada setiap komputer "ang mem olehkan komputer disam ungkan pada mikrofon dan pem esar suara!

INFOTEK COMPUTER CENTRE Ba$& o Computer Case

COMPUTER LITERACY

Ether!et Port , This port loo.s a lot li.e the mo%em or telephone port but it is actually (i%er. You can use this port for !et(or&i!' and also connecting to the Internet.
"thernet Port kelihatan seperti moden tetapi ianya meluas dan digunakan untuk melayari internet.

</A Port , 0our mo!itor can is connected to this port. USB Port , The U!i-ersa# Seria# Bus port is one of the newest ports, but is also one of the most useful. These AB2 ports let you attach a -ariet" o %e-i$es such as mice, printers, .eyboards, web cameras, AB2Fflash drives, and digital cameras to your computer 7uic.ly. Almost every peripheral made comes in a AB2 version, and installing the devices using USB ports is mu$h easier than connecting devices using parallel and serial ports. This is primarily because AB2 ports do not re7uire you to reboot your computer before you can use the new device.
3,. Port digunakan untuk menyambun gkan e erapa peralatan kapada komputer secara serentak seperti pencetak, papan kekunci dan kamera we ! Ianya mudah dan tidak memerlukan komputer untuk dihidupkan semula apabila menggunakannya.

Spea&ers=>ea%pho!esG Spea&ers and hea%pho!es are output devices, which means that they are devices that communicate information from the computer to the user. They allow you to hear sou!% a!% musi$. 2oth spea.ers and headphones connect to a computerE however, some computers are designed with spea.ers built into the monitor.
,peakers:;eadphone adalah alatan luar yang menyambungkan antara pengguna dan komputer. )igunakan untuk mendengar mu-ik atau audio.

Mi$ropho!esG A mi$ropho!e is a type of input device, or a device that receives information from a user. You connect the microphone to the computer and use the computer to record sound or to communicate with another computer user via the Internet. any computers come with built6in microphones.
Microphone disambungkan kepada komputer untuk menyimpan maklumat seperti rakaman suara atau perbualan. Kebanyakkan komputer sudah sedia ada program microphone didalamnya.

We* CamerasG We* $ameras, or web cams, are devices that connect to a computer and %isp#a" a -i%eo ima'e of whatever it is recording. This video image can be transmitted over the 10

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Internet, allowing a user in another location the ability to see the video in real6 time. Web cameras are used often in business for video conferences, and are also a great tool for families to use to stay connected from different parts of the world.
1eb camera atau web cam digunakan untuk memaparkan imej atau rakaman 0ideo. .oleh digunakan secara langsung di internet.

3o"sti$& or /ame Co!tro##erG A ?o"sti$& is a lever used while playing a computer game.
<oystick digunakan untuk bermain permainan pada komputer.

Di'ita# CamerasG A %i'ita# $amera lets you capture a picture in %i'ita# :$omputer,rea%a*#e; orm. You can transfer that image directly from the camera to the computer. When you use a digital camera, you can also preview your pictures before printing them. If you don!t li.e what you see, you can edit or delete them.
=ambar pada kamera digital boleh di pindahkan ke dalam komputer dan ia dilihat, diubahsuai atau dibuang sebelum di cetak.

Perso!a# Di'ita# Assista!t :PDA; G A 9>A is a ha!%he#% $omputer that can have a variety of features including a calendar, Internet access, video recording, word processing, email access, phone, media player, and more. ost 9>As can be synchronized with a 9$ to allow up6to6date contact information stored on software such as icrosoft /utloo., 3BB feeds, or other web updates.
P) adalah komputer genggam yang mempunyai pelbagai +ungsi. Ia boleh diselarikan dengan komputer untuk membolehkan maklumat disimpan didalam peranti perisian seperti Microso+t 2utlook, *,, +eeds dan lain-lain.

MP8 P#a"ersG An MP8 p#a"er is a porta*#e %e-i$e that stores, organizes, and p#a"s audio files. The player can read files that are recorded from a $> using a computer, or downloaded from various sites via the Internet.
Pemain MP> adalah peranti mudah alih yang menyimpan dan munyusun +ail audio. Pemain boleh membaca +ail yang dirakam dari $) menggunakan komputer atau muat turun dari internet.

E)er$ise 8

'. 5ist out the 2asic 9arts of $omputers. 1. >escribe briefly the parts you can see in front of a computer case.

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-. >escribe briefly the parts you can see at the bac. of a computer case.

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LESSON @ : A Loo& I!si%e a Des&top Computer The Ce!tra# Pro$essi!' U!it :CPU;1 also called a pro$essor, is located inside the $omputer $ase on the motherboard. It is often called the brain of the computer, or the computer!s engine. Its @ob is to carry out commands. Whenever you press a .ey, clic. the mouse, or start an application, you!re sending instructions to the $9A.
$P3 juga dikenali sebagai processor yang berada di motherboard. <uga dikenali sebagai otak komputer. ,etiap kali papan kekunci ditekan, arahan akan dihantar kepada $P3.

The processor determines ho( ast a computer can e0ecute instructions. A processor!s speed is measured in me'ahertA :M>B;, or millions of instructions per second, and 'i'ahertA :/>B;, or billions of instructions per second. Bo, the higher the hertz, the faster the computer can process instructions. The po(er of the processor is measured in *its. The more *its a processor can handle, the more data it can handle, and therefore, the more po(er u# the processor. There are many processor manufacturers for personal computers including Intel, $yri0, DIA, and A >.
Processor menentukan berapa cepat komputer menerima arahan. Ia di ukur menggunakan megahert- (M;?) atau gigahert- (=;?). ,emakin tinggi hert- semakin cepat komputer memproses arahan. Kuasa processor di ukur dalam bits. ,emakin banyak bits yang boleh processor tangani semakin banyak data yang boleh disimpan dan semakin kuat processor itu.

RAM :Ra!%om A$$ess Memor"; is your system!s short,term memor". >ata is temporarily stored here until you save your wor. to the hard dis.. 3A is used by the system to store data that is processed by a computer!s $9A. The computer!s wor. ta.es place in 3A . This is where programs run when you are using Word to create a letter, or "0cel to produce a company spreadsheet.
* M adalah memori jangka pendek. Maklumat hanya disimpan sementara sehinggalah ia disimpan pada hard disk.

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This short,term memor" %isappears when the computer is turned off, so always save your file before turning off the machine. When you save a file, you are saving it to long6term storage that does not disappear when the computer is turned off. The more RAM you have, the more things your computer can do at the same time, and the aster your computer performs certain tas.s. 3A is measured in me'a*"tes :MB; or 'i'a*"tes :/B;.
Maklumat yang disimpan didalam * M tidak kekal dan akan hilang bila komputer ditutup. * M yang banyak membolehkan anda melakukan banyak kerja serentak dalam masa yang sama. *am diukur dalam megabytes (M.) atau gigabytes (=.).

Mother*oar% , The mother*oar% is the computer!s mai! $ir$uit *oar%. It!s a thin plate that holds the $9A %$entral 9rocessing Anit&, memory, connectors for the hard drive and optical drives, e0pansion cards to control the video and audio, as well as various e0ternal ports and peripherals. The motherboard connects directly or indirectly to every part of the computer.
Motherboard adalah kad electronic yang memegang +ungsi setiap port luaran dan peripheral pada $P3 yang ber+ungsi secara langsung atau tidak pada setiap bahagian pada komputer.

>ar% Dis& Dri-e , The har% %is& %ri-e is the %ata $e!ter of the computer. All of your programs are stored here. The hard dis. drive is #o!',term stora'e where information is store% perma!e!t#". When you use a word processing program, the computer loads the instructions from long6term storage %your hard dis.& into short6term memory. 8ard dis. spee% determines how fast your computer starts up and loads programs. The hard dis. is called the $ drive on most computers.
;ard )isk juga disebut sebagai dri0e $ dan merupakan pusat data komputer. ,emua maklumat disimpan kekal disini.

E)pa!sio! Car% , An e)pa!sio! $ar% is a card which you can install to e0pand a computer!s capabilities. "0pansion cards are inserted into e)pa!sio! s#ots on the motherboard. <or e0ample, your computer!s -i%eo $ar% is an e0pansion card which plugs into the e0pansion slots.
"6pansion card digunakan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan komputer dan dimasukkan ke dalam slot ekspansi motherboard.

<i%eo $ar% , The -i%eo $ar% is responsible for (hat "ou see on the monitor. If you li.e playing graphic6intense games on the computer, a good video card is important to you. The main function of the video card is to generate and output images to the computer screen. 2etter graphics card e7uals better performance when playing games or wor.ing on a high resolution monitor.
Kad 0ideo bertanggungjawab atas apa yang anda lihat pada skrin komputer. Ia menghasilkan output pada skrin komputer. Kad 0ideo yang bagus penting jika anda

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ingin bermain permainan gra+ik yang intensi+. permainan yang bagus.

COMPUTER LITERACY
=ra+ik kad yang bagus menentukan

Sou!% Car% , The sou!% $ar%, also called an audio card, is another type of e0pansion card. It lets the computer play sounds through spea.ers. Bome motherboards feature integrated sound, and do not re7uire a separate sound card.
,ound $ard juga dikenali sebagai kad audio dan membolehkan bunyi dimainkan melalui pembesar suara.

Net(or& $ar% , The !et(or& $ar% allows your computer to $ommu!i$ate over a networ.. With the networ. card you can set up a home networ. with a few computers and connect them by via "thernet cords or wirelessly. #etwor. cards used to be e0pansion cards that plugged into the motherboardE however, most newer computers have a networ. interface built into the motherboard.
#etwork card membolehkan komputer berkomunikasi melalui rangkaian disamping menghubungkan komputer dengan komputer lain melalui kabel ethernet. Ianya disambungkan pada motherboard.

Po(er Supp#" U!it , The power supply unit in a computer $o!-erts the po(er from the wall outlet to the type of power needed by the computer. It sends power through the cables to the motherboard and other components.
Power ,upply 3nit menyambungkan kuasa elektrik dari soket dinding kepada komputer.

E)er$ise @ '. What is $9A= >escribe briefly. 1. What is 3A = >escribe briefly. -. 5ist out other parts of a Bystem Anits.

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COMPUTER LITERACY

LESSON C : Basi$ Parts o Laptop Computer a!% Net(or&s The basic parts of a laptop computer are the s$ree!, &e"*oar%, tou$hpa%, spea&ers, *atter", and AC a%aptor. 2eyond these basic parts are the hardware items located inside the laptop, and the periphera#s, which are optio!a# pie$es o har%(are that enables the computer to accomplish additional tas.s.
,elain bahagian yang sedia ada pada komputer, terdapat juga peranti keras yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan tugas-tugas tambahan.

Mo!itor , The mo!itor, which resembles a television screen, is where the computer displays te0t and pictures.
Monitor menyerupai tele0ision di mana data yang telah diproses dipaparkan pada skrin komputer.

De"*oar% , The &e"*oar% is a piece of hardware that resembles a typewriter .eyboard. It is one of the primary ways "ou $ommu!i$ate with the computer and enter data.
Keyboard adalah alat yang digunakan untuk memasukkan data kedalam komputer.

Spea&ers , Spea&ers are usually sma## and built into the screen or the body of the laptop. In the image, the e0ample laptop has spea.ers in the body, or laptop casing. The spea.ers allow you to hear computer sounds, audio streamed from the Internet, $>s and >D>s, and more.
,peaker kebiasaaanya sudah tersedia pada laptop. Ia digunakan untuk mendengar suara atau audio dari komputer.

Tou$hpa% , /n a laptop, a tou$hpa% is a substitute for the mouse. ove your finger on the touchpad to move around the screen and select te0t and ob@ects. The buttons below the touchpad operate li.e mouse buttons.
!ouchpad adalah pengganti kepada tetikus. seperti butang tetikus. .utang dibawah touchpad ber+ungsi

Laptop Batter" 6 The *atter" on a laptop serves as its life6line. A laptop will wor. without a battery if it is receiving power from a power adapter. The battery allows you to be more mo*i#e without having to be near a power outlet for an e0tended period of time. ost laptop batteries will last for about '.H61 hours before needing to be recharged. If your battery dies or has a defect you can buy a new one from your computerIs manufacturer or a local computer or electronics store.
5aptop .attery ber+ungsi sebagai nyawa kepada laptop. 5aptop boleh ber+ungsi tanpa perlu sambungan dengan soket tetapi menerima tenaga dari adapter atau bateri.

AC A%aptor , The A$ Adaptor is the source of e#e$tri$ po(er for a laptop. The power adapter does two @obs when it is plugged in. It powers the laptop and charges the battery. 16

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COMPUTER LITERACY

$ daptor adalah sumber tenaga kepada laptop. Ianya melakukan dua pekerjaan ketika disambungkan kepada soket elektrik iaitu kekuasaan dan penyimpanan tenaga.

What T"pes o Net(or&s Are There? There are two types of networ.s, (ire% and (ire#ess. 2oth types of networ.s have advantages and disadvantages. If you decide to create a home networ., you!ll have to weight the benefits and drawbac.s of both types to determine which is best for your situation.
!erdapt dua jenis jaringan iaitu kabel dan wireless (tanpa wayar). mempunyai kebaikan dan keburukan masing-masing. Kedua-duanya

Wire% Net(or&s Wired networ.s are aster tha! (ire#ess !et(or&s, and are generally very affordable. If the computers are far apart andFor your house is big, you will want to consider the cost of the cable. While cable is not very e0pensive, the cost of having someone to install it can be.
Penggunaan kabel lebih cepat daripada wireless dan mampu di langgani.

Wire#ess Net(or&s Wireless networ.s use ra%io (a-es instead of wires to transmit information. A wireless router receives the information and then sends it to the Internet using a wired connection, an "thernet cable.
*angkaian wireless menggunakan gelombang radio sebagai pengganti kabel untuk menghantar maklumat.

/ne of the primary advantages of this type of networ. is that it offers you a great deal of fle0ibility. If you have a laptop, you can move it from room to room in the house, and sometimes right outside the house, without having to worry about connecting networ. cables. Also, installation is really very 7uic. and easy.
Kebaikkannya adalah, ianya mudah alih dan +leksible.

The disadvantages of this type of networ. is that wireless connections are t"pi$a##" s#o(er than wired connections, and can also that the connection can sometimes fail due to range issues.

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COMPUTER LITERACY

#e urukkann"a adalah ian"a lam at dan kadang kala sukar untuk mendapatkan liputan!

Bu"i!' a Computer: @ Thi!'s to D!o( 8ere are four tips to help you *e ore and %uri!' this important shopping tripG E%u$ate 0ourse# . any stores have .nowledgeable salespeople that can give you useful information about the products, but a lot of this computer information is pro%u$t,spe$i i$. ?eep in mind that the salesperson!s primary goal is to ma.e a sale, therefore, it is important that you spend the time to educate yourself about the computer features you need including the operating system, processor, hard drive, and memory. You may want to read our article $hoosing a $omputer That!s 3ight for You to help you determine your needs.
Kebanyakkan kedai yang menjual komputer mempunyai pengetahuan mengenainya. <adi, anda hendaklah mempunyai pengetahuan atau maklumat mengenai komputer yang hendak dibeli kerana tugas jurujual adalah menjual barang. <adi mereka akan mencadangkan sesuatu yang mungkin bukan pilihan anda .

Choose Where 0ou Shop Wise#". There are many locations to buy a computerE however, it is not @ust which computer you buy, but (here "ou $hoose to *u" it.
Pilih kedai yang sesuai untuk membeli komputer. Ia bukannya mengenai komputer yang anda ingin beli tetapi dimana anda membelinya.

Thin. about the a%-a!ta'es and %isa%-a!ta'es of the stores that you choose to buy. What type of store will give you the lowest price= Which store will you give you the most personal e0perience= Is purchasing a used or rebuilt computer a good idea considering how many ine0pensive new computers are available= Where will you find the most .nowledgeable salespeople= And finally, which location will best assist you according to your needs=
@ikirkan tentang kebaikkan dan keburukkan kedai yang anda pilih untuk membeli komputer. $ari kedai yang menawarkan harga yang berpatutan, pengalaman membeli belah yg bagus dan menepati pilihan yang anda kehendaki.

U!%ersta!% Pri$i!' a!% A%-ertiseme!ts . Advertisements are designed to appeal to the reader, but they are not necessarily easy to understand. Bpend time loo.ing at advertisements before you start shopping. Jump into detective6 mode and as. yourself, what does this price include=
@ahami iklan dan harga yang ditawarkan. Iklan dilakukan untuk menarik minat pembeli. !etapi penting untuk mengetahui apa yang termasuk didalam harga yang diberikan.

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COMPUTER LITERACY

You may find that the a%-ertise% rate of the really low6priced items do not include the monitor, or some other necessary component. The advertised price sometimes may be the "after6rebate" amount. This is important to remember because regardless of the final price, "after6rebate" sales mean that you must have the full dollar amount with you at the time of purchase. 3ead the ads and price tags closely 6 you will often find these details in the fine print.
Kebiasaanya harga rendah yang ditawarkan adalah tidak termasuk monitor atau bahagian lain yang diperlukan. dalah sangat penting untuk membaca iklan dengan betul kerana kebiasaanya butiran-butiran ini akan dicetak halus untuk mengelirukan pembeli.

Be(are o E>i%%e!E Costs. 3ecently I decided to purchase a #aptop $omputer. I determined how much money I could spend, researched the product choices, reviewed stores ads, and narrowed down the possible choices to two products. I went to a chain electronics store and I made the big decision. What I forgot to factor in was the laptop bag, e0tra battery, and e0ternal spea.ers. All of that put me well over my price range. The same thi!' $a! happe! (ith "our $omputer pur$hase i "ou are !ot $are u#+
.erhati-hati dengan kos tersembunyi. Kos ini akan menyebabkan anda berbelanja lebih daripada yang sepatutnya apabila membeli laptop atau komputer.

Thin. through the things you will need to go along with the item. Bome common "hidden" costsG o "0tended warranties o Boftware upgrades o #ecessary memory upgrades o Anti6virus software o <ee to configure computer and install anti6virus software /nce you are in the store, don!t be afraid to as. the salesperson e0actly what is and is not covered in the price. Also, as. the salesperson what he recommends you purchase 6 remember that this is only a recommendationK 2e sure to as. a## your 7uestions before you wal. to the cash register. ost consumers find it difficult to change to a different product once they have made a decision to purchase a particular computer.
<angan takut untuk bertanya kepada jurujual mengenai laptop:komputer ynag anda ingin beli kepada jurujual. !anyakan soalan yang anda ingin tahu mengenai produk mereka kerana anda sebagai pelanggan berhak untuk mengetahuinya.

$hoosing and buying a computer can be an overwhelming process, but if you .eep these four tips in mind *e ore and during your shopping adventure, you will be able to bring home a computer that meets your needs a!% is withing your price range. 3emember that although stores run sa#es and %ea#s that are time6 limited, you should not feel rushed into ma.ing a decision. The computer mar.etplace is competitive and there will always be another sale somewhere.

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COMPUTER LITERACY

Memilih dan membeli komputer boleh menjadi satu proses yang luar biasa tetapi jika anda kekalkan empat tips di minda anda, anda akan dapat membawa pulang sebuah komputer yang memenuhi kehendak anda dan dalam harga yang anda harapkan.

Choosi!' a Computer That2s Ri'ht or 0ou Des&top or #aptop 66 "ach type has its own advantages and disadvantages. Des&tops generally start at a lower price and offer more in terms of hard drive capacity and memory options. Also, additions and repairs for des.top computers tend to cost less. The obvious downside is that des.tops ta.e up a lot of physical space. Laptops, on the other hand, are mobile units that you can carry anywhere.
,etiap jenis mempunyai kelebihan dan kekurangan tersendiri. )esktop kebiasaanya murah tetapi ianya memekan ruang. .erlainan pula dengan laptop yang berharga mahal tetapi mudah dibawa kemana sahaja.

Operati!' S"stem 6 The operating system is the basic software that allows you to use the computer. ost 9$s come preloaded with the operating system, icrosoft Windows. acintosh computers, or acs as they are often called, come preloaded with ac /B C. While Windows is used by more people, Apple has become .nown for producing solid, reliable products and has 7uite a followingE however, you can e0pect to pay more for a basic ac than a 9$ with similar features. If you are purchasing more high6end models, you will find that the prices of the acs and 9$s are comparable. Altimately, it comes down to choosing a model you are comfortable with.
2perating ,ystem atau s"stem operasi adalah perisian asas "ang mem olehkan anda menggunakan komputer! #e an"akkan $C datang ersama operating s"stem!

Pro$essor 6 The $9A is the brain of the computer and everything that the computer does is managed by the $9A. A lot of the machines advertised now are - gigahertzE however, for most people 1 gigahertz will suffice.
Processor adalah otak kepada komputer dan segala yang dilakukan adalah arahan dari $P3.

>ar% %ri-e 6 The hard drive is the permanent storage that is used to hold programs and documents. Btorage is relatively cheap, so buy as much as you may need. If you download a lot of music or do any serious video editing or graphics wor., ',, gigabytes %42& is the minimum you should even consider.
;ard dri0e adalah simpanan kekal yang digunakan untuk menyimpan program dan dokumen pada komputer.

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COMPUTER LITERACY

Memor" 6 The programs you use on your computer can 7uic.ly use up your memory. Bome of the "bargain" computers only give you 1H* megabytes % 2& of 3A , but that is not sufficient. You will want at least ' 42.
Program yang anda gunakan di komputer anda dengan cepat akan menghabiskan memory komputer anda. <adi anda akan memerlukan memori yang lebih besar dari yang sedia ada.

CD=D<D optio!s 6 4ive some serious thought to how you!ll use your computer. >o you intend to purchase music or movies from the Internet= If so, you may want to loo. for a computer that has a >D> burner. If you only need to be able to copy documents onto a dis., then you can simply shop for a $> burner.
@ikirkan secara serius apa yang anda apa yang anda ingin lakukan pada komputer anda.anda memerlukan )9) burner jika anda ingin membeli 0ideo atau mu-ik dari internet.

9urchasing a computer can be overwhelming and all the options can ma.e it difficult to compare and price6shopE however, if you create a list using the points discussed above and compare the models from store to store, you will be able to wisely evaluate your options. Try not to get distracted by the e0tra features that you may not use and remember that this will be a machine that you and your family will use 6 not the salesman. 5oo. for a computer that will meet your needs and have fun shoppingK
Pembelian komputer boleh menjadi luar biasa dan setiap pilihan menjadikannya amat sukar untuk dibandingkan begitu juga harganya. !etapi, jika anda telah melakukan senarai mengenai komputer yang anda inginkan, jadi proses pemilihan akan menjadi lebih mudah kerana anda sudah tahu apa yang anda mahukan. <angan mudah terpengaruh dengan kata-kata jurujual kerana anda yang akan menggunakannya dan bukan mereka.

Assi'!me!ts

'. What four things that you should .now when you buy a computer=

2. What are the things that we should consider when choosing a computer that is right for us=

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