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TEACHING THE MUSICAL THEATRE STUDENT

Sean Meara Vocal Pedagogy: Dr. Michelle De r!yn No"e#$er %%& '(%)

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S!*i Sher#an i+ a +o,ho#ore a- Middle-o.n High School. She en/oy+ ,ar-ici,a-ing on -he de$a-e -ea#& +inging in choir& and e+,ecially loo0+ 1or.ard -o -he +,ring #!+ical each year. So#e o1 her road.ay idol+ incl!de Idina Men*el& 2ri+-en Cheno.e-h& and Linda Eder. 3hen +he e4,re++ed in-ere+- in +-!dying ,ri"a-e "oice .i-h -he +chool5+ choral direc-or& -he direc-or con1e++ed -ha- +he .a+ no- co#1or-a$le .i-h gi"ing S!*i "oice le++on+ in -he #!+ical -hea-re +-yle& and +he .a+ e+,ecially !nco#1or-a$le .i-h allo.ing S!*i -o !+e her che+- "oice in +olo +inging. No- one -o $e di+co!raged& S!*i decided +he .o!ld -each her+el1 -o $el- $y #i#ic0ing her 1a"ori-e 1e#ale +inger+. Her $e+- 1riend& Michael Mar-in& i+ a 1re+h#an a- a neigh$oring high +chool. He& -oo& .o!ld li0e -o learn ho. -o +ing #!+ical -hea-re. Ho.e"er& Michael5+ chor!+ -eacher di+co!raged hi# 1ro# ,rod!cing a +o!nd -ha- .a+ -oo $righ- or 1or.ard $eca!+e -ha- +o!nd .a+ noa,,ro,ria-e 1or 6good7 +inging. Un1or-!na-ely& -he+e hy,o-he-ical +-!den-+ are no- alone. 3i-h -he con+-an-ly e"ol"ing ar- o1 #!+ical -hea-re co#$ined .i-h -he gro.ing 0no.ledge and !nder+-anding o1 -he "ocal #echani+#& #any Cla++ically -rained "ocal -eacher+ are .ary o1 allo.ing -heir +-!den-+ -o +ing con-e#,orary #!+ical -hea-re. Perha,+ -ha- i+ -he rea+on .hy -he+e #!+ic ,ro1e++or+ 1eel +o !nco#1or-a$le allo.ing -heir +-!den-+ +ing -hi+ genre. S-!den-+ !nder no circ!#+-ance+ +ho!ld 1eel di+co!raged 1ro# ,!r+ing -heir de+ired #!+ic ,a-h& +i#,ly $eca!+e -ha- ,a-h lie+ o!-+ide o1 -heir #!+ical leader5+ -onal ideal+. 8!r-her#ore& +ho!ld a +-!den- choo+e -o ,!r+!e "ocal -raining in -he #!+ical -hea-re +-yle& a +olid "ocal c!rric!l!# +ho!ld $e e+-a$li+hed. I- i+ clear -ha- -here i+ a ga, $e-.een -he 0no.ledge o1

-he #a/ori-y o1 "oice -eacher+ -oday and -he in1or#a-ion and -echni9!e -ha- #!+ical -hea-re +-!den-+ .an- -o learn. In order 1or a "ocali+- :e+,ecially a ri+ing "ocal -eacher or #!+ic ed!ca-ion #a/or; -o #a0e -he#+el"e+ #ore #ar0e-a$le in -hi+ econo#y& i- .o!ld $e .i+e 1or -he# -o ed!ca-e -he#+el"e+ in heal-hy non<cla++ical "ocal -echni9!e. =eanne--e LoVe-ri ad"i+e+ -ha- ri+ing "oice -eacher+ #!+- $e !, -o da-e .i-h -he #!+ic #ar0e- and .ha- -ha- #ean+ 1or +-!den-+ .ho .an- -o +ing non<cla++ically& e+,ecially i1 yo! are an inde,enden- -eacher .or0ing in a large #e-ro,oli-an area%. 8ro# #y ,er+onal e4,erience& -here are #any adole+cen- #ale+ and 1e#ale+ .ho ha"e a +-rong de+ire -o +-!dy #!+ical -hea-re in -heir high +chool year+. Many o1 -he ,er1or#ing o,,or-!ni-ie+ a-ha- age& .he-her i- i+ in a +chool +e--ing or co##!ni-y -hea-re& do no- in"ol"e #!+ic -eacher+ or direc-or+ .ho ha"e -he rele"an- 0no.ledge in -eaching -he #!+ical -hea-re +-yle. So#e o1 -ho+e ,eo,le #ay no- e"en ha"e 0no.ledge o1 ,ro,er "ocal heal-h and !+e> There i+ a de1ini-e call 1or "oice in+-r!c-or+ and #!+ic direc-or+ .i-h a +-rong ed!ca-ion in -hi+ area. ?ne o1 -he $igge+- #y-h+ a$o!- #!+ical -hea-re +inging :a+ .ell a+ con-e#,orary co##ercial +inging; i+ -ha- 6$el-ing7 i+ !nheal-hy 1or 1e#ale+. eca!+e $el-ing i+ o1-en a--e#,-ed .i-ho!- +-rong $rea-h +!,,or- and o-her nece++ary 1!nc-ion+ o1 heal-hy +inging& "ocal career+ $eco#e +hor- and "ocal a$!+e i+ a co##on #alady. I- i+ -hi+ -rend -hagi"e+ -eacher+ in -he cla++ical +-yle rea+on -o $elie"e $el-ing i+ !nheal-hy. Ho.e"er& i1 .e con+ider 1e#ale "ocali+-+ .ho are $el-ing !, -o a G@ eigh- -i#e+ a .ee0 and +-ill ha"e +-rong "ocal career+& i- i+ +a1e -o a++!#e -ha- -here i+ a heal-hy .ay -o $el-. Ro$er- Ed.in

de+cri$e+ 1e#ale $el-ing a+ ha"ing a 6-hyroary-enoid do#inan- "ocal +o!rceA $righ-& +,eech<li0e +o!nd+A non<con-in!o!+ "i$ra-oA and a -e4-<dri"en a,,roach7'. =eanne--e LoVe-ri re1er+ -o $el-ing a+ 6+i#,ly -he che+- regi+-er 9!ali-y carried !, a$o"e -he -radi-ional E<8B $rea0 a- a lo!d deci$el le"el7). I- i+ i#,or-an- -o no-e -ha- $el-ing and che+- +inging are no- -he +a#e -hing. Che+- regi+-er +inging only in"ol"e+ -he -hyroary-enoid #!+cle+& .hile a heal-hy $el- in"ol"e+ a 6coordina-ed ac-i"i-y o1 -hyroary-enoid and crico-hyroid "ocal 1old ac-i"i-y -ha- al-ho!gh -hyroary-enoid do#inan- i+ in1l!enced $y increa+ed crico-hyroid ac-i"i-y& e+,ecially a+ -he "oice a+cend+7B. 8or -he cla++ically -rained 1e#ale "ocali+-& -he $eginning+ o1 e4,eri#en-a-ion .i-h $el-ing .ill 1eel -en+e& and o1-en $eginning $el-er+ de+cri$e .ha- -hey 1eel a+ 6,ain1!l7.@ The -hyroary-enoid do#inan- "ocal ,rod!c-ion and increa+e in clo+ed 9!o-ien- and +!$ glo--al ,re++!re generally crea-e+ a cer-ain a#o!n- o1 -en+ion in -he $ody. 6So#e +inger+ ha"e ini-ially de+cri$ed -he $el- +en+a-ion a+ !nco#1or-a$le or e"en ,ain1!l. I- i+ i#,or-an- -o no-e -ha-& !,on 1!r-her in9!iry& -he +inger+ #i+-oo0 -he +hoc0 o1 -he added -en+ion 1or ,ain. Their -hroa-+ 1el- -igh- $!- didn5- ac-!ally h!r-7C. The #ore e4,erienced $el-er+ .ill !+e -he -en+ion -o aid -heir ,er1or#ance. So#e #ay e"en e4,erience di11ic!l-y +.i-ching -o crico-hyroid do#inan- ,rod!c-ion in -he !,,er regi+-er+ $eca!+e o1 -he e4-re#e +!dden change o1 #!+c!lar ac-i"i-y. Ve-eran $el-er+ +!ch a+ Linda Eder and ar$ra S-rei+and are +o ad#ired $eca!+e o1 ho. ea+ily -hey can +.i-ch $e-.een -he -.o -y,e+ o1 "ocal ,rod!c-ion: crico-hyroid do#inan- and -hyroary-enoid do#inan-. The $e+-

.ay -o in-rod!ce a 1e#ale +inger .i-h li--le e4,erience in !+ing -he -hyroary-enoid do#inan- ,rod!c-ion i+ -o ha"e -he# +ing on a -.angy DaeE "o.el. Thi+ +er"e+ -.o ,!r,o+e+: %; i- en+!re+ !+e o1 -he -hyroary-enoid #!+cle in+-ead o1 -he crico-hyroid #!+cle+& and ';& i- ,re"en-+ -he +-!den- 1ro# a--e#,-ing -all and .ar# "o.el+& .hich can $e de-ri#en-al in -hi+ "ocal regi+-erF. Ed.in #a0e+ i- clear -ha- cla++ically -rained 1e#ale+ #!+- !+e e4-re#e ca!-ion .hen e4,eri#en-ing .i-h $el-ing. 6The $el-er5+ laryn4 i+ in a higher ,o+i-ion& -he ,haryn4 i+ -igh-er& -he #o!-h i+ +,read la-erally& and o"erall& -he .hole $ody i+ .or0ing harder -o ,rod!ce -one -han in cla++ical "ocali*a-ion7G. I- #a0e+ +en+e -ha- cla++ically -rained 1e#ale+ #igh- ha"e a di11ic!l- -i#e $el-ing $eca!+e -he en-ire #echani+# i+ di11eren-. In+-ead o1 !+ing a che+-<head #i4& -hey 6carry -heir che+"oice ,a+- -he lo.er ,a++aggio .i-h a cla++ical "ocal ,o+-!re -ha- incl!de+ a lo. laryn4 a .ide ,haryn4& an elonga-ed #o!-h ,o+i-ion& and 1!ll +,ec-r!# "o.el +o!nd+7H. Perha,+ $eginning $el-er+ e4,erience ,ain or di+co#1or- $eca!+e -he "ocal #echani+# i+ !nder +!ch a grea- a#o!n- o1 +-re++ 1ro# a lac0 o1 crico-hyroid ac-i"i-y. %( Men .ho choo+e -o cro++ o"er in-o -he #!+ical -hea-re .orld 1ro# -he cla++ical real# .ill no- ha"e a+ hard o1 a -i#e ad/!+-ing& +ince -hey do no- ha"e -o deal .i-h an en-irely ne. +e- o1 #!+c!lar #o"e#en-+. Ro$er- Ed.in +ay+ -ha- #en need -o 6$righ-en and -igh-en hi+ che+-Ihead #i4-!re -o crea-e a $el-<li0e +o!nd7%%. Mary Sa!nder+ generally agree+& +-re++ing -he i#,or-ance o1 de"elo,ing -he #ale5+ 1al+e--o and head regi+-er+%' . The idea i+ -ha- -hi+ $righ-& 1or.ard& #i4ed& +,eech<li0e +o!nd i+ carried a$o"e -he lo.er.

,a++aggio& .hich i+ 8JIG 1or $o-h #ale+ and 1e#ale+. The laryn4 i+ in a +ligh-ly lo.er ,o+i-ion& -he +o1- ,ala-e i+ rai+ed& and -he !rge -o +.i-ch in-o a higher regi+-er i+ re+i+-ed%). 8or $o-h #ale+ and 1e#ale+ +inging non<cla++ical #!+ic& -he !+!al ,edagogical 6no<no5+7 o1 ,oor "ocal ha$i-+ a,,ly. Tha- i+& 6/a. -en+ion& -ong!e .o$$ling& ,o,,ing nec0 #!+cle+& or ,re++ed ,hona-ion7 i+ ina,,ro,ria-e in -hi+ +-yle o1 +inging& /!+- a+ -hey are in -he cla++ical real#%B. 3hen -eaching -he #!+ical -hea-re +-!den-& i- i+ i#,or-an- -o no-e -ha- #any o1 -he 1!nda#en-al 1!nc-ion+ o1 +inging& +!ch a+ ,o+-!re& align#en-& and $rea-hing are -he +a#e in $o-h 6legi-7 and #!+ical -hea-re +inging. Tho!gh #e-hod+ #ay "ary 1ro# -eacher -o -eacher& -he de+ired o!-co#e+ are $a+ically -he +a#e: 1or 1e#ale+& -he -hyroary-enoid do#inan- ,rod!c-ion i+ carried -hro!gh -he 1ir+- ,a++aggio on a +-rong dyna#ic. Men do no- need -o $e concerned .i-h carrying -hyroary-enoid do#inan- ,rod!c-ion !, -hro!gh -heir 1ir+- ,a++aggio& $!- in+-ead need -o $e concerned .i-h de"elo,ing -heir 1al+e--o and crico-hyroid do#inan- #!+cle+. 3ha- i+ -y,ically ignored in -he cla++ical real# 1or ei-her +e4& -ha- i+& -he 1al+e--o in #ale+ and -he che+- "oice in 1e#ale+& #!+- $e de"elo,ed and +-reng-hened -o $e !-ili*ed -hro!gho!- -he "oice. 8or $o-h +e4e+& -he laryn4 i+ rai+ed& -he ,haryn4 .idened& and -he #o!-h i+ .ide in+-ead o1 -all%@. Mary Sa!nder+& a #!+ical -hea-re +,eciali+- and head o1 -he "ocal #!+ical -hea-re de,ar-#en- a- Penn S-a-e Uni"er+i-y& ,ride+ her+el1 1or her !ni9!e #e-hod o1 in+-r!c-ion. She #a0e+ i- "ery clear -ha- in order -o $e +!cce++1!l -he .hole "oice #!+- $e !-ili*ed and de"elo,ed& e+,ecially in #!+ical -hea-re $eca!+e -he genre enco#,a++e+ +o #any

di11eren- +-yle+ o1 +inging& +!ch a+ roc0 in Rent& -o -he #ore cla++ically<orien-ed +o!nd+ o1 Rodger+ and Ha##er+-ein. She $elie"e+ -ha- in #!+ical -hea-re& de"o-ing one+el1 -o a ,ar-ic!lar "oice ,ar- i+ no- an o,-ion. 68or #!+ical -hea-re i- i+ no longer ei-herIorA i- i+ all<incl!+i"e. All $oy+ are $ari<-enor+A all girl+ are +o,rano+ .ho $el-7%C. To achie"e -hi+ +en+e o1 e4-ended range& +he .or0+ -he "ocali+-5+ -one 1ro# -he #iddle !, and -he #iddle do.n. She doe+ -hi+ .i-h $o-h cla++ical and #!+ical -hea-re re,er-oire& $eca!+e& a+ #en-ioned $e1ore& -he genre o1 #!+ical -hea-re enco#,a++e+ #any di11eren- +-yle+ o1 #!+ic. Neil Se#er& a #ore in-erna-ional #!+ical -hea-re #en-or& doe+ no- -each cla++ical re,er-oire -o a +-!den- !nle++ -ha- i+ +o#e-hing -he +-!den- i+ in-ere+-ed in. He 1eel+ -ha- i.o!ld $e red!ndan- -o ha"e a +-!den- +-!dy in a ,ar-ic!lar +-yle i1 -he +-yle .a+ no+o#e-hing -hey co!ld connec- -o. Generally +,ea0ing& he ,re1er+ a long and o,en "ocal -rac- crea-ed $y ,!c0ering -he li,+ and relea+ing -he -ong!e& a 1or.ard ,laced +o!nd crea-ed $y -he ,o+i-ion o1 -he con+onan-+& and a re+onan- +o!nd aided $y +!$ glo--al ,re++!re. Unli0e -he -heorie+ o1 Sa!nder+& Se#er doe+ no- $elie"e range +ho!ld $e +-re-ched 1!r-her -han .ha- i+ na-!ral 1or -he indi"id!al. He only .or0+ on +-reng-hening -he -o, "oice once -he #iddle "oice i+ .ell<1!nc-ioning and -he +-!den- i+ co#1or-a$le .i-h -heir ,a++aggio+%F. =eanne--e LoVe-ri& a .ell<0no.n ad"oca-e 1or con-e#,orary co##ercial +inging& 1ir+- +,end+ -i#e li+-ening -o a ne. +-!den- +ing and analy*e+ -heir indi"id!al "oice. She loo0+ 1or lo. inhala-ion+& !ndi+-or-ed "o.el+& !no$"io!+ -en+ion in -he $ody .i-hin -he

#iddle "oice& and "i$ra-o on a +-!rdy -one. She e#,ha+i*e+ align#en- and $rea-hing& and doe+ no- +,end #!ch -i#e on re+onance and ar-ic!la-ion& $eca!+e -ho+e -hing+ are no- an i++!e .i-h elec-ronically a#,li1ied +inger+%G. Dere0 ond& a #!+ical -hea-re +,eciali+- in 3e+-ern A!+-ralia& e#,ha+i*e+ -he i#,or-ance o1 6-ri,le -hrea-7 ac-or+ ac9!iring 0no.ledge in $a+ic #!+ic -heory& e+,ecially no. -ha- +,eciali*ed -raining i+ a"aila$le. He +-a-e+ -ha- an ac-or i+ a- a di+-inc- ad"an-age i1 he can read #!+ic and $e a$le -o ,lay hi+ ,ar- on -he ,iano .i-h -he acco#,anying chord+. S0ill+ li0e +igh- +inging& -onal #e#ory& and chord iden-i1ica-ion are +0ill+ -ha+ho!ld $e e4erci+ed d!ring ,ri"a-e in+-r!c-ion and cer-ainly .i-hin a !ni"er+i-y c!rric!l!#%H. The general con+en+!+ acro++ -he $oard i+ -ha- #!+ical -hea-re re,er-oire i+ $eco#ing #ore and #ore "ocally de#anding'(. In+-ead o1 -he +i#,le #elodie+ 1ro# Roger+ and Ha##er+-ein5+ Cinderella& .e ha"e -hro!gh<co#,o+ed #!+ical+ li0e Les Miserables and Miss Saigon. I- i+ $eco#ing harder 1or indi"id!al+ -o #ain-ain "ocal +-a#ina and heal-h -o ,er1or# eigh- +ho.+ a .ee0& e"en .i-h -he aid o1 #icro,hone+ and elec-ronic a#,li1ica-ion. I $elie"e -ha- -hi+ #ean+ no.& #ore -han e"er& -here i+ a +-rong call 1or in1or#ed and ed!ca-ed "oice -eacher+ +,eciali*ing in -he #!+ical -hea-re +-yle. Ingo Ti-*e +ay+ -ha- 6-he a--e#,- -o #a0e +inging #ore +,eech<li0eKi+ a+ old a+ #!+ic or +,eech i-+el17'%. Elec-ronic a#,li1ica-ion can $e con+idered ,ar- o1 -he "ocal in+-r!#enand +,ecial con+idera-ion+ #ay $e #ade in regard+ -o -he -e4-& de,ending on .he-her or no- -he "oice i+ elec-ronically a#,li1ied. 8or -he ,er1or#er .ho i+ no- a#,li1ied&

6Aco!+-ic ,o.er $eco#e+ -he #o+- i#,or-an- re9!ire#en-& .i-h .ord in-elligi$ili-y o1-en ha"ing -o ,lay a +econdary role7''. ?n -he 1li,<+ide& ,er1or#er+ .ho are elec-ronically a#,li1ied are gi"en ,er#i++ion -o lea"e -he aco!+-ic a#,li1ica-ion -o -he #icro,hone and 1oc!+ #ore on -he -e4-& ,i-ch range& and -one color. Ti-*e al+o o$+er"ed -ha6Se#ioccl!ded "ocal -rac- e4erci+e+ :li, -rill+& clo+ed "o.el+& +-ra. ,hona-ion; are $eco#ing ,o,!lar in CCM -raining $eca!+e -hey ,ro#o-e #i4ed regi+-ra-ion a- a #odera-e lo!dne++7'). In hi+ o.n ,rac-ice& he o$+er"ed -ha- 1oc!+ing #i4ed regi+-ra-ion on a #edi!# dyna#ic 6-end+ -o .ea0en "i$ra-o and red!ce lo!dne++ range ,re"io!+ly a--ained .i-h "ocal ring7'B. 3hen changing -he ,rac-ice o$/ec-i"e -o 1oc!+ on cla++ical ,rod!c-ion and achie"ing ,ing& hi+ "ocal range .a+ red!ced -o a li--le o"er -.o oc-a"e+'@. There1ore& i1 a "ocali+- i+ +ee0ing -o e4-end -heir range& -he $e+- .ay -o achie"e -he goal .o!ld $e -o "ocali*e on a #edi!# dyna#ic .i-h #i4ed regi+-ra-ion& a+ one .o!ld e4,erience .i-h +-ra. ,hona-ion or li, -rill+. Since -he 6-ri,le -hrea-7 ,er1or#er i+ al#o+- $eco#ing a re9!ire#en- in -oday5+ #!+ical -hea-re #ar0e-& -he "ocal ,edagog!e #!+- rai+e -he 9!e+-ion o1 $rea-hing .hile +inging& "er+!+ $rea-hing .hile dancing. Le+& +inging i+ a .hole<$ody ac-i"i-y li0e dancing& $!- dancing i+ o$"io!+ly #ore "igoro!+ and ,o-en-ially #ore aero$ic in na-!re. I- ha+ $een o$+er"ed -ha- ,hy+ical e4erci+e i+ "ery $ene1icial 1or -he "ocali+- and -ha- a reg!lar aero$ic e4erci+e ro!-ine can increa+e l!ng 1!nc-ion and ca,aci-y'C. There1ore& i.o!ld $e logical -o a++!#e -ha- 6-ri,le -hrea-7 ,er1or#er+ .o!ld $ene1i- 1ro# a reg!lar e4erci+e ro!-ine -o i#,ro"e -heir l!ng 1!nc-ion .hile +inging and .hile dancing.

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Ho.e"er& +o#e en+e#$le #e#$er+ ,ar-ici,a-ing in dance hea"y +ho.+& +!ch a+ West Side Story& Newsies& or A Chorus Line are re9!ired -o dance in +!ch a .ay -ha- in"ol"e+ hea"y<li1-ing and e4-ra +-ren!o!+ e4erci+e. Thi+ -y,e o1 e4erci+e re+!l-+ in .ha- i+ called Val+al"a5+ #ane!"er& .hich i+ a na-!ral 1!nc-ion o1 -he laryn4. 6Tigh-ly add!c-ed 1old+ 0ee, air -ra,,ed in -he che+- and increa+e -he #!+c!lar e11iciency re9!ired 1or li1-ing or carrying hea"y o$/ec-+7'F. I1 an indi"id!al -ried -o ,hona-e d!ring Val+al"a5+ #ane!"er& -he re+!l-ing +o!nd .o!ld $e +-rained $eca!+e o1 -he hy,eradd!c-ion o1 -he "ocal 1old+ and -he a#o!n- o1 re+i+-ance in -he laryn4'G. To ,re"en- -he Val+al"a5+ #ane!"er 1ro# da#aging -he "ocal 1old+& a ,er1or#er #!+- 6inhale a- -he $eginning o1 -he #o"e#enand e4hale +o!ndle++ly d!ring -he ac-!al e4ec!-ion o1 -he #o"e#en-7'H. I- ha+ $een -hi+ a!-hor5+ o$+er"a-ion+ -ha- indi"id!al+ in"ol"ed in -he high +-re++ 1ield -ha- i+ ,er1or#ing o1-en +!cc!#$ -he#+el"e+ -o e4-ernal +!$+-ance+ -o hel, -he#+el"e+ rela4 and ea+e -he a#o!n- o1 +-re++. There +ee#+ -o $e a c!l-!ral +-ereo-y,e .i-h -he+e gro!,+ o1 ,er1or#er+. I ha"e -ho!gh- on #ore -han one occa+ion& 6Tho+e -hea-re #a/or+ do no-hing $!- +0i, cla++& go -o rehear+al& and ge- high.7 My e4,erience .i-h -hi+ +-ereo-y,e i+ no- /!+- rele"an- -o #y +-!die+ a- Col!#$!+ S-a-e Uni"er+i-y& $!al+o .i-h #y e4,erience+ in co##!ni-y -hea-re in -he #e-ro<A-lan-a area. Marilee Da"id de+cri$e+ +!$+-ance+ +!ch a+ alcohol& -o$acco& and #ari/!ana a+ +!$+-ance+ -ha- ha"e nega-i"e reac-ion+ on -he "oice. 6Alcohol dila-e+ -he ca,illarie+ o1 -he "ocal cord+& .hich increa+e+ -he ,rod!c-ion o1 #!c!+ and #a0e+ -he# #ore +!+ce,-i$le -o "ocal a$!+e7)(. ?$"io!+ly i- .o!ld $e !n.i+e 1or a "ocali+- -o a--e#,- -o +ing .hile ine$ria-ed& $!- Da"id

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al+o #en-ion+ -he danger+ o1 long<-er# alcohol a$!+e. She +ay+ -ha- .hile -here i+ no har# in ha"ing an occa+ional $e"erage& hea"y alcohol !+e 6increa+e+ "a+c!lari*a-ion o1 -he "ocal 1old+& .hich ,rod!ce+ #ore irri-a-ion and increa+e+ -he #a++ o1 -he "ocal cord+& .hich lead+ -o dy+,honia7)%. S#o0ing cigare--e+ drie+ -he "ocal -rac- and ac-+ a+ an irri-an- -o -he laryn4. Long -er# and hea"y +#o0ing :incl!ding #ari/!ana; ca!+e+ ,oly,oid hy,er-ro,hy and chronic hy,er,la+-ic laryngi-i+)'. Poly,oid hy,er-ro,hy& al+o 0no.n a+ Rein0e5+ Ede#a& i+ a +.elling -ha- occ!r+ .hen in-ra"a+c!lar 1l!id ,ool+ in -he 6area $e-.een -he #!co+a and #!+c!lar ,or-ion o1 -he "ocal 1old+7)). The danger in -hi+ i+ -ha- "ocal ,oly,+ are #ore +!+ce,-i$le -o occ!r. The ac-!al +y#,-o#+ o1 Rein0e5+ Ede#a incl!de lo.ered ,i-ch and a di+-or-ed -one& 6.hich i+ ca!+ed $y -he change+ in -he con-o!r o1 -he cord+7)B. In rare ca+e+& indi"id!al+ .i-h long -er# Rein0e5+ Ede#a are no longer a$le -o ,hona-e !+ing -he -r!e 1old+ and& -here1ore& can only +,ea0 !+ing -he 1al+e 1old+& re+!l-ing in .ha- i+ collo9!ially re1erred -o a+ a 6+#o0er5+ "oice7)@. The "ocal -eacher+ .ho enco!n-er +-!den-+ .i-h an in-ere+- in #!+ical -hea-re do no- need -o $e a1raid o1 -he +-yle. el-ing i+ +-yli+-ically correc- and can $e done in a heal-hy #anner. The in1or#a-ion and #a-erial+ 1or ed!ca-ion in heal-hy #!+ical -hea-re "ocal -echni9!e are .idely a"aila$le and acce++i$le. The challenge 1or yo!ng +-!den-+ .ho .i+h -o $e -rained in -hi+ +-yle i+ -ha- -here +i#,ly i+ no- eno!gh "oice -eacher+ .ho are co#1or-a$le -eaching -he +-yle. 3e can ho,e -ha- .i-h -i#e& o,en<#indedne++ and acce,-ance .ill occ!r o1 -hi+ +-yle a#ong !ni"er+i-ie+ and ,ri"a-e -eacher+ +o -ha- -hi+ rele"an- +-yle o1 +inging #ay $e -a!gh- -o -he +-!den-+ .ho .i+h -o recei"e i-.

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=eanne--e LoVe-ri& 6The Nece++i-y o1 U+ing 8!nc-ional Training in -he Inde,enden- S-!dio.7 Journal of Singing F(& no. % :Se,-e#$erI?c-o$er '(%): G' ' Ro$er- Ed.in& 6 el- i+ Legi-.7 Journal of Singing CB& no. ' :No"e#$erIDece#$er '((F;: '%B ) =eanne--e LoVe-ri& 68e#ale Che+- Voice.7 Journal of Singing C(& no. ' :No"e#$erIDece#$er '(();: %C' B Ro$er- Ed.in& 6 el-ing %(%& Par- %.7 Journal of Singing @@& no. % :Se,-e#$erI?c-o$er %HHG;: @B @ Ro$er- Ed.in& 6 el- Lo!r+el1.7 Journal of Singing C(& no. ) :=an!aryI8e$r!ary '((B;: 'GC C Ed.in& 6 el- Lo!r+el17& 'GC F I$id. G Ro$er- Ed.in& 6 el-ing %(%& Par- '.7 Journal of Singing @@& no. ' :No"e#$erIDece#$er %HHG;: C% H Ed.in& 6 el-ing %(%& Par- '.7 C% %( I$id. %% I$id. %' Mary Sa!nder+& 6M!+ical Thea-re Vocal Pedagogy.7 Tele,hone In-er"ie.. %' ?c-. '(%). %) =oan Mel-on. Singing in Musical Theatre: The Training of Singers and Actors. Ne. Lor0& NL: All.or-h Pre++& '((F: @G< C(. %B Ed.in& 6 el-ing %(%& Par- '.7 C' %@ I$id. %C Mel-on& @G %F I$id& CG<F% %G I$id& B)<BB %H Dere0 ond& 6The Tri,le Threa- Ac-or and -he Ac9!i+i-ion o1 M!+ic S0ill+&7 Journal of Singing CF& no. % '( Mel-on& @& %)& )H& @G& CC<CF '% Ingo Ti-*e& 6So#e Re1lec-ion+ on S,eech<Li0e +inging and Rela-ed Con-e#,orary A,,roache+.7 Journal of Singing F(& no. % :Se,-e#$erI?c-o$er '(%);: @F '' Ti-*e& 6So#e Re1lec-ion+ on S,eech MLi0e Singing7: @F ') I$id 'B I$id '@ I$id& @G 'C Marilee Da"id& The New oice !edagogy. Lanha#& MD: Scarecro. Pre++& '((G: %%F 'F Da"id& %%F 'G I$id& %%F 'H I$id& %%G )( Da"id& %%B<%%@ )% I$id& %%@ )' I$id )) I$id& %C@ )B I$id& %CC )@ I$id