Frequency Hopping

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description
17 Frequency Hopping
17
About This Chapter
Frequency Hopping
17.1 Overview This describes the definition of frequency hopping and the purposes of using it in the GSM. Frequency hopping is the technique that allows the transmit frequencies to vary within the allocated frequency spectrum based on a sequence. The frequency hopping has the features such as anti-interference, anti-attenuation, and high security. 17.2 Availability This lists the NEs and software required for the implementation of frequency hopping. 17.3 Impact This describes the impact of frequency hopping on voice quality and data services. 17.4 Technical Description This describes the principles, category, and parameters of frequency hopping. The frequency hopping technique can help decrease the influence of Rayleigh attenuation and increase the antiinterference capability of the system. There are two types of frequency hopping in terms of frequency varying speed: slow frequency hopping and fast frequency hopping. 17.5 Capabilities This describes the capabilities of frequency hopping. The signal gain achieved through frequency hopping is generally 23 dB. 17.6 Implementation This describes how to configure frequency hopping. 17.7 Maintenance Information This lists the alarms related to frequency hopping. 17.8 References
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17.1 Overview
This describes the definition of frequency hopping and the purposes of using it in the GSM. Frequency hopping is the technique that allows the transmit frequencies to vary within the allocated frequency spectrum based on a sequence. The frequency hopping has the features such as anti-interference, anti-attenuation, and high security.
Definition
A carrier frequency implemented with frequency hopping feature can hop to any frequency within a specified frequency band based on a sequence. Frequency hopping minimizes the interference on a radio channel from a single interference source. Thus, it is widely used in telecommunications system with its features such as antiinterference, anti-attenuation, and high security.
Purposes
The application of frequency hopping in the GSM enhances the anti-interference capability and increases the capacity of the system.
Terms
None.
Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronyms or Abbreviations SFH SFH BFH FER CA FN MAIO HSN MA Full Spelling Slow Frequency Hopping Synthesized Frequency Hopping Baseband Frequency Hopping Frame Error Rate Cell Allocation Frame Number Mobile Allocation Index Offset Hopping Sequence Number Mobile Allocation
17.2 Availability
This lists the NEs and software required for the implementation of frequency hopping.
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Network Elements Involved

Table 17-1 lists the network elements involved in frequency hopping. Table 17-1 NEs involved in frequency hopping MS
NOTE
l : not involved l : involved
BTS
BSC
MSC -
MGW -
SGSN -
GGSN -
HLR -
Software Releases
Table 17-2 describes the versions of GBSS products that support frequency hopping. Table 17-2 GBSS products and software versions Product BSC BTS DTRU BSC6000 BTS3012 BTS3012AE BTS3006C BTS3.0 BTS312 BTS30 BTS3012A BTS3006A BTS3002C Version V900R003C01 and later releases BTS3000V100R001C01 and later releases BTS3000V100R001C04 and later releases BTS3000V100R002C01 and later releases G3BTS32.30000.00.1130 and later releases G3BTS32.30000.00.1130 and later releases G3BTS32V302R002C06 and later releases G3BTS32.30000.00.1130 and later releases G3BTS36.30000.01.0820A and later releases
Miscellaneous
None
17.3 Impact
This describes the impact of frequency hopping on voice quality and data services.
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Impact on Voice Quality

The introduction of frequency diversity gain and interference averaging in the frequency hopping mode can effectively improve voice quality. In frequency-restricted networks, the application of frequency hopping can help simplify frequency planning and improve system capacity.
Impact on Data Services

Frequency hopping technique has a negative impact on data services, especially in the high data rate schemes such as CS34 and MCS59.
Impact on Other Features

None.
17.4 Technical Description

This describes the principles, category, and parameters of frequency hopping. The frequency hopping technique can help decrease the influence of Rayleigh attenuation and increase the antiinterference capability of the system. There are two types of frequency hopping in terms of frequency varying speed: slow frequency hopping and fast frequency hopping. 17.4.1 Principle of Frequency Hopping This describes the principle of frequency hopping. As signal attenuation varies with frequency spacing, the application of frequency hopping can minimize the impact of Rayleigh attenuation. 17.4.2 Category of Frequency Hopping This describes the categories of frequency hopping. Generally, there are two types of frequency hopping: fast frequency hopping and slow frequency hopping. The GSM system requires that a carrier frequency remains unchanged during a burst period. Thus, the frequency hopping in GSM is a slow frequency hopping. 17.4.3 Parameters of Frequency Hopping This describes the parameters related to frequency hopping. These parameters specify the carrier frequency used by each timeslot.
17.4.1 Principle of Frequency Hopping

This describes the principle of frequency hopping. As signal attenuation varies with frequency spacing, the application of frequency hopping can minimize the impact of Rayleigh attenuation. Frequency hopping can minimize the varying signal strength impact caused by multipath propagation. This feature is equal to that achieved through frequency diversity. In mobile telecommunications, the radio signals in transmission might vary abruptly in a short period due to the impact of Rayleigh attenuation. The varying of the radio signals is frequency dependent. As the difference of frequencies increases, the attenuation becomes more independent. Take the frequency band allocated for mobile telecommunications for example. Basically, 200 kHz of frequency spacing can guarantee the irrelevancy of attenuation within the frequencies, while 2 MHz of frequency spacing can fully guarantee the irrelevancy of attenuation within the frequencies. The application of frequency hopping prevents all the bursts that carry the bits within one speech frame from being damaged by Rayleigh attenuation in the same manner, as shown in Figure 17-1.
Figure 17-1 Attenuation model

Level for receiving signals
Distance
The frequency hopping technique has the following features:

l
The signal gain achieved through frequency hopping is concerned with the environment, especially with the moving speed of an MS.
When the MS moves at high speed, the location change of any two bursts within a channel is affected by other attenuation. The faster the MS moves, the lower the signal gain is achieved. For large number of slowly moving MSs, frequency diversity is a better choice.
The signal gain achieved by frequency hopping is also concerned with the available frequencies. As the number of frequencies decreases, the signal gain achieved also decreases. Actually, frequency hopping is a pseudo frequency spreading technique; that is, the signal gain achieved through frequency hopping is equal to the signal gain processed after the frequency band that carries the valid signals is spread. When testing the signal gain achieved through frequency hopping, different C/I ratios is specified for the frequencies allocated for a transmitter, given the Frame Error Rate (FER) is the same. The difference between these C/I ratios is the signal gain achieved through frequency hopping.
Frequency hopping provides interference offset along the transmission path. This prevents all the bursts that contain the bits from being damaged by the interference in the same manner.
The application of error-correction coding and interleaving technique enables a receiver to reassemble the original data from the received data stream. If the interference is narrowband distributed, frequency hopping can achieve some signal gain. If the interference is broadband distributed and all the bursts are damaged, the original data cannot be reassembled and no signal gain is achieved.
NOTE
The interference is generally narrowband distributed in the existing networks.
In the frequency hopping mode, there might be cases where the Bit Error Rate (BER) increases, whereas you feel that the speech quality is improved. The improving of speech quality is caused by the improved FER specification as the BER increases.
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17.4.2 Category of Frequency Hopping

This describes the categories of frequency hopping. Generally, there are two types of frequency hopping: fast frequency hopping and slow frequency hopping. The GSM system requires that a carrier frequency remains unchanged during a burst period. Thus, the frequency hopping in GSM is a slow frequency hopping. In terms of time, frequency hopping is classified into the following types:
l
Frame frequency hopping In frame frequency hopping, the carrier frequencies change with every TDMA frame while the carrier frequency assigned for the eight timeslots of the TDMA frame remains unchanged. The BCCH TRX does not use the frequency hopping mechanism in this mode.
Timeslot frequency hopping In timeslot frequency hopping, the carrier frequency changes with every timeslot of a TDMA frame. The TCHs of the BCCH TRX can use the frequency hopping mechanism in this mode.
In terms of TRX implementation, frequency hopping is classified into the following types:
l
RF frequency hopping In RF frequency hopping, the carrier frequencies for the transmitter and receiver of TRX participate in frequency hopping. The carrier frequencies assigned for frequency hopping in a cell are specified by the hopping sequence. The number of carrier frequencies assigned for frequency hopping can exceed the number of TRXs assigned for the cell.
Baseband frequency hopping In baseband frequency hopping, the carrier frequency assigned for the transmitter of the TRX does not participate in frequency hopping and remains unchanged. The transmit frequency hopping is achieved with the switching of baseband signals among different TRXs. The receiver of the TRX, however, must participate in frequency hopping. The carrier frequency assigned for the receiver changes with the carrier frequency used by an MS. The number of carrier frequencies assigned for frequency hopping in a cell cannot exceed the number of TRXs assigned for the cell.
Irrespective of the frequency hopping mode adopted on the network side, the carrier frequency assigned for the transmitter of the TRX and that assigned for the receiver of the TRX must remain consistent in terms of the MS. The carrier frequency assigned for each burst can change.
NOTE
In RF frequency hopping, the carrier frequency assigned for the transmitter of the TRX varies with each burst. Thus, the tuning of the RF front-end device must match the varying speed of the carrier frequencies. An alternative broadband device can be used in this case. The DFCU (cavity combiner) is a narrowband combiner and its tuning speed cannot keep up with the varying speed of the carrier frequencies assigned for the TRX. Thus, only baseband frequency hopping, instead of RF frequency hopping, can be used for the DFCU.
17.4.3 Parameters of Frequency Hopping

This describes the parameters related to frequency hopping. These parameters specify the carrier frequency used by each timeslot. The parameters related to frequency hopping are as follows:
l
Cell Allocation table (CA)

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CA table collects all the ARFCNs assigned for the cells.

l
TDMA Frame Number (FN) FN is broadcast on the SCH. The MS synchronizes with the BTS by monitoring the FN (0 2715647).
Mobile Allocation table (MA) MA is a subset of CA. It is a frequency sequence set used for the MS frequency hopping. The MA table comprises N frequency sequences, where 1 N 64.
Mobile Allocation Index (MAI) (0 to N-1) MAI specifies an element in the MA table. In other words, the carrier frequency actually used is specified by the MAI.
Mobile Allocation Index Offset (MAIO) (0 to N-1) In mobile telecommunications, the radio frequency sequence adopted on the Um interface is an element in the MA table. MAIO is an initial offset of the MAI. It is used to prevent multiple channels from gaining access to one TRX at the same time.
Hopping Sequence Number (HSN) (063) The carrier frequencies hop along the time, controlled by a sequence called HSN. One hopping sequence is a queue of the N carrier frequencies computed through certain algorithms, given the HSN, MAIO, and FN. Different channels allocated on different timeslots can use the same hopping sequence. Different channels allocated on the same timeslots of the same cell use different MAIOs. HSN=0 means cyclic hopping and HSN0 means pseudorandom hopping.
17.5 Capabilities
This describes the capabilities of frequency hopping. The signal gain achieved through frequency hopping is generally 23 dB. The uplink and downlink signal gain achieved through frequency hopping is symmetrical. The signal gain achieved through frequency hopping varies a little with the antennas having diversity receiver feature. Generally, the signal gain achieved through frequency hopping is regarded as 23 dB.
17.6 Implementation
This describes how to configure frequency hopping. 17.6.1 Changing None FH to RF FH This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from none FH to RF FH to achieve frequency reuse and interference averaging. 17.6.2 Changing None FH to Baseband FH This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from none FH to baseband FH to achieve frequency reuse and interference averaging. 17.6.3 Changing RF FH to Baseband FH This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from RF FH to baseband FH to optimize network performance.
17.6.4 Changing Baseband FH to RF FH This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from baseband FH to RF FH to optimize network performance. 17.6.5 Changing RF FH to None FH This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from RF FH to none FH to optimize network performance. 17.6.6 Changing Baseband FH to None FH This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from baseband FH to none FH to optimize network performance.
17.6.1 Changing None FH to RF FH

This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from none FH to RF FH to achieve frequency reuse and interference averaging. Scenario Impact Network optimization After the FH mode of a cell is changed, the cell is reset.
NEs InvolvedBSC and BTS FH can reduce the possibility of a channel being affected by the same interference source. Therefore, FH has features such as anti-interference, anti-attenuation, and high security. It is widely used in telecommunications. In FH mode, frequency diversity gain and interference averaging are adopted to improve speech quality. In addition, FH technologies are used to simplify frequency planning and improve system capacity in networks with limited frequencies. However, FH technologies may have a negative impact on data services. Especially for high-rate data services, such as CS3CS4 and MCS5MCS9, FH may be harmful. In RF FH mode, the TX frequencies and RX frequencies of each TRX may change. Both the TX frequencies and the RX frequencies of TRXs participate in FH. In a cell, the number of frequencies joining in FH is defined by the Hopping Sequence Number (HSN). The number of frequencies participating in FH can exceed the number of TRXs in the cell. In RF FH mode, the TX frequency of a TRX changes with every burst. Therefore, the tuning of the RF front-end device must be able to keep pace with the changes. Otherwise, a wideband device must be used. The DFCU is a narrowband combiner. Its tuning rate is lower than the changing rate of frequencies. Therefore, the DFCU can be used only for baseband FH instead of RF FH.
Prerequisite
l l l
The LMT runs normally. The communication between the LMT and the BSC is normal. The communication between the BTS and the BSC is normal.
Preparation
Table 17-3 lists the data to be negotiated and planned before you change none FH to RF FH.
Table 17-3 Data to be negotiated and planned for changing none FH to RF FH Category FH Mode TRXs Frequencies Source Network planning Description FH has three modes: RF FH, Baseband FH, and None FH. The cell must be configured with at least two TRXs. The number of frequencies in a cell must be greater than the number of TRXs joining in FH.
Table 17-4 lists the data to be negotiated and planned for changing none FH to RF FH. Table 17-4 Example of the data negotiated and planned for changing none FH to RF FH Category FH Mode TRXs Original Configuration Data None FH
l l l l l l l l l l l l
Modified Configuration Data RF FH (HSN = 1, MAIO = 0, 1, 2)

TRX 1 TRX 2 TRX 3 TRX 4 TRX 5 TRX 6 TRX 7 TRX 8 TRX 9 TRX 10 TRX 11 TRX 12
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Category Frequencies
Original Configuration Data

l
Modified Configuration Data

l
Frequencies of cell 3012-1:

MA of cell 3012-1:

0 10 13 16 19
l
0 10 13 16 19 11 14 17 20 12 15 18 21

MA of cell 3012-2:

11 14 17 20
l

MA of cell 3012-4:

12 15 18 21
Procedure
Step 1 On the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal, right-click the target cell. A shortcut menu is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-2. Figure 17-2 Choosing Configure Cell Attributes
Step 2 Choose Configure Cell Attributes. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-3.
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Figure 17-3 Configuring Cells Attributes dialog box
Step 3 Add the cell from the Cell view list box to the Selected cells list box, as shown in Figure 17-4. Figure 17-4 Selecting a cell
Step 4 Click Next. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-5.
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Figure 17-5 Set Cell Attributes dialog box
Step 5 Select 3012-1 from the Cells to be set list box, and then click Set Cell Properties. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-6.
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Step 6 Click Frequency Hopping. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-7.
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Figure 17-7 Configuring FH attributes
Step 7 Select RF FH from the FH Mode drop-down list. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-8. Figure 17-8 Selecting the RF FH mode
Step 8 Click Configure MA Group. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-9.
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Figure 17-9 Configuring cell MA group attributes
NOTE
In RF FH mode, one cell is usually configured with only one MA group.
Step 9 Click OK to finish the configuration of cell MA group attributes and return to the dialog box shown in Figure 17-8. Step 10 Click OK to finish the configuration of FH attributes and return to the dialog box shown in Figure 17-6. Step 11 Click OK to finish the changing of the FH mode of cell 3012-1 and return to the dialog box shown in Figure 17-5. Step 12 Click Next. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-10.
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Figure 17-10 Configuring BTS equipment
Step 13 Click Finish.

NOTE
The procedure for changing the FH mode of cell 3012-2 or cell 3012-4 is the same as that of cell 3012-1.
----End
17.6.2 Changing None FH to Baseband FH

This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from none FH to baseband FH to achieve frequency reuse and interference averaging. Scenario Impact Network optimization After the FH mode of a cell is changed, the cell is reset.
NEs InvolvedBSC and BTS FH can reduce the possibility of a channel being affected by the same interference source. Therefore, FH has features such as anti-interference, anti-attenuation, and high security. It is widely used in telecommunications. In FH mode, frequency diversity gain and interference averaging are adopted to improve speech quality. In addition, FH technologies are used to simplify frequency planning and improve system capacity in networks with limited frequencies. However, FH technologies may have a negative impact on data services. Especially for high-rate data services, such as CS3CS4 and MCS5MCS9, FH may be harmful. In baseband FH mode, the TX frequencies do not participate in FH and remain unchanged. The TX FH is achieved through the switch of baseband signals between different TRXs. The RX frequencies must participate in RF FH. The RX frequencies change with the frequencies used
by the current MS. The number of frequencies participating in FH in a cell should not exceed the number of TRXs in the cell. In RF FH mode, the TX frequency of a TRX changes with every burst. Therefore, the tuning of the RF front-end device must be able to keep pace with the changes. Otherwise, a wideband device must be used. The DFCU is a narrowband combiner. Its tuning rate is lower than the changing rate of frequencies. Therefore, the DFCU can be used only for baseband FH instead of RF FH.
Prerequisite
l l l
Preparation
Table 17-5 lists the data to be negotiated and planned before you change none FH to baseband FH. Table 17-5 Data to be negotiated and planned for changing none FH to baseband FH Category FH Mode TRXs Frequencies Source Network planning Description FH has three modes: RF FH, Baseband FH, and None FH. The cell must be configured with at least two TRXs. The number of frequencies in a cell must be greater than the number of TRXs joining in FH.
Table 17-6 lists the data to be negotiated and planned for changing none FH to baseband FH. Table 17-6 Example of the data negotiated and planned for changing none FH to baseband FH Category FH Mode Original Configuration Data None FH Modified Configuration Data Baseband FH (HSN = 1, MAIO = 0, 1, 2)
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Category TRXs


l l l l l l l l l l l l l
TRX 1 TRX 2 TRX 3 TRX 4 TRX 5 TRX 6 TRX 7 TRX 8 TRX 9 TRX 10 TRX 11 TRX 12 Frequencies of cell 3012-1:

TRX 1 TRX 2 TRX 3 TRX 4 TRX 5 TRX 6 TRX 7 TRX 8 TRX 9 TRX 10 TRX 11 TRX 12 MA of cell 3012-1:

Frequenci es
0 10 13 16 19
l
0 10 13 16 19 11 14 17 20 12 15 18 21

MA of cell 3012-2:

11 14 17 20
l

MA of cell 3012-4:

12 15 18 21
Procedure
Step 1 On the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal, right-click the target cell. A shortcut menu is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-11.
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Figure 17-11 Choosing Configure Cell Attributes
Step 2 Choose Configure Cell Attributes. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-12. Figure 17-12 Configuring Cells Attributes dialog box
Step 3 Add the cell from the Cell view list box to the Selected cells list box, as shown in Figure 17-13.
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Figure 17-13 Selecting a cell
Step 4 Click Next. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-14. Figure 17-14 Set Cell Attributes dialog box
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Step 7 Select Baseband FH from the FH Mode drop-down list. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-17. Figure 17-17 Selecting the baseband FH mode
NOTE
During this operation, a dialog box is displayed, asking you to decide whether to allow the BCCH frequency to participate in baseband FH. Select Yes.
Step 8 Click Configure MA Group. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-18.
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Figure 17-18 Configuring cell MA group attributes
NOTE
l l
Under normal conditions, one cell is configured with only one MA group. In baseband FH mode, two MA groups must be configured if the BCCH frequency joins in baseband FH. Under normal conditions, use the default settings.
Step 9 Click OK to finish the configuration of cell MA group attributes and return to the dialog box shown in Figure 17-17. Step 10 Click OK to finish the configuration of FH attributes and return to the dialog box shown in Figure 17-15. Step 11 Click OK to finish the changing of the FH mode of cell 3012-1 and return to the dialog box shown in Figure 17-14. Step 12 Click Next. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-19.
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Figure 17-19 Configuring BTS equipment

NOTE
----End
17.6.3 Changing RF FH to Baseband FH

This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from RF FH to baseband FH to optimize network performance. Scenario Impact Network optimization After the FH mode of a cell is changed, the cell is reset.
NEs InvolvedBSC and BTS FH can reduce the possibility of a channel being affected by the same interference source. Therefore, FH has features such as anti-interference, anti-attenuation, and high security. It is widely used in telecommunications. In FH mode, frequency diversity gain and interference averaging are adopted to improve speech quality. In addition, FH technologies are used to simplify frequency planning and improve system capacity in networks with limited frequencies. However, FH technologies may have a negative impact on data services. Especially for high-rate data services, such as CS3CS4 and MCS5MCS9, FH may be harmful. In RF FH mode, the TX frequencies and RX frequencies of each TRX may change. Both the TX and RX of TRXs participate in FH. In a cell, the number of frequencies joining in FH is defined by the Hopping Sequence Number (HSN). The number of frequencies participating in FH can exceed the number of TRXs in the cell.
In baseband FH mode, the TX frequencies do not participate in FH and remain unchanged. The TX FH is achieved through the switch of baseband signals between different TRXs. The RX frequencies must participate in RF FH. The RX frequencies change with the frequencies used by the current MS. The number of frequencies participating in FH in a cell should not exceed the number of TRXs in the cell. In RF FH mode, the TX frequency of a TRX changes with every burst. Therefore, the tuning of the RF front-end device must be able to keep pace with the changes. Otherwise, a wideband device must be used. The DFCU is a narrowband combiner. Its tuning rate is lower than the changing rate of frequencies. Therefore, the DFCU can be used only for baseband FH instead of RF FH.
Prerequisite
l l l
Preparation
Table 17-7 lists the data to be negotiated and planned before you change RF FH to baseband FH. Table 17-7 Data to be negotiated and planned for changing RF FH to baseband FH Category FH Mode TRXs Frequencies Source Network planning Description FH has three modes: RF FH, Baseband FH, and None FH. The cell must be configured with at least two TRXs. The number of frequencies in a cell must be greater than the number of TRXs joining in FH.
Table 17-8 lists the data to be negotiated and planned for changing RF FH to baseband FH. Table 17-8 Example of the data negotiated and planned for changing RF FH to baseband FH Category FH Mode Original Configuration Data RF FH (HSN = 1, MAIO = 0, 1, 2) Modified Configuration Data Baseband FH (HSN = 1, MAIO = 0, 1, 2)
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Category TRXs




Frequencies
0 10 13 16 19
l
0 10 13 16 19 11 14 17 20 12 15 18 21

MA of cell 3012-2:

11 14 17 20
l

MA of cell 3012-4:

12 15 18 21
Procedure
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Step 7 Select None FH from the FH Mode drop-down list. An information box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-26. Figure 17-26 Information box
NOTE
Before changing the FH mode of a cell from RF FH to baseband FH or from baseband FH to RF FH, you must set the FH mode of the cell to None FH.
Step 8 Click OK. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-27.
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Figure 17-27 Reconfiguring FH attributes
NOTE
You need to reassign frequencies for all the TRXs except the TRX carrying the BCCH.
Step 9 Double-click TRX 2. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-28. Figure 17-28 Configuring TRX attributes
Step 10 Select a frequency from the Available Frequencies list box and add it to the Assigned Frequencies list box, as shown in Figure 17-29.
Figure 17-29 Assigning a frequency to TRX 2
Step 11 Click OK. TRX 2 is assigned a frequency. Use the same method to assign frequencies 13, 16, and 19 to TRX 4, TRX 6, and TRX 8 respectively. Figure 17-30 shows the dialog box after the frequencies are assigned. Figure 17-30 Assigning frequencies completed
Step 12 Select Baseband FH from the FH Mode drop-down list. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-31.

NOTE
During this operation, a dialog box is displayed, asking you to decide whether to allow the BCCH frequency to participate in baseband FH. Select Yes.
Figure 17-31 Configuring attributes of baseband FH
Step 13 Click Configure MA Group. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-32. Figure 17-32 Configuring cell MA group attributes
NOTE
Under normal conditions, one cell is configured with only one MA group.
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Step 14 Click OK to finish the configuration of cell MA group attributes and return to the dialog box shown in Figure 17-26. Step 15 Click OK to finish the configuration of FH attributes and return to the dialog box shown in Figure 17-24. Step 16 Click OK to finish the changing of the FH mode of cell 3012-1 and return to the dialog box shown in Figure 17-23. Step 17 In the dialog box shown in Figure 17-23, select 3012-2 and change the FH mode of 3012-2 from RF FH to Baseband FH using the same method as changing the FH mode of cell 3012-1.
NOTE
The procedure for changing the FH mode of cell 3012-4 from RF FH to Baseband FH is the same as that for changing the FH mode of cell 3012-1.
Step 18 After changing the FH modes of cells 3012-1, 3012-2, and 3012-4, click Next in the dialog box shown in Figure 17-23. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-33. Figure 17-33 Configuring BTS equipment
Step 19 Click Finish. ----End
17.6.4 Changing Baseband FH to RF FH

This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from baseband FH to RF FH to optimize network performance. Scenario Impact
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Network optimization After the FH mode of a cell is changed, the cell is reset.
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NEs InvolvedBSC and BTS FH can reduce the possibility of a channel being affected by the same interference source. Therefore, FH has features such as anti-interference, anti-attenuation, and high security. It is widely used in telecommunications. In FH mode, frequency diversity gain and interference averaging are adopted to improve speech quality. In addition, FH technologies are used to simplify frequency planning and improve system capacity in networks with limited frequencies. However, FH technologies may have a negative impact on data services. Especially for high-rate data services, such as CS3CS4 and MCS5MCS9, FH may be harmful. In RF FH mode, the TX frequencies and RX frequencies of each TRX may change. Both the TX and RX of TRXs participate in FH. In a cell, the number of frequencies joining in FH is defined by the Hopping Sequence Number (HSN). The number of frequencies participating in FH can exceed the number of TRXs in the cell. In baseband FH mode, the TX frequencies do not participate in FH and remain unchanged. The TX FH is achieved through the switch of baseband signals between different TRXs. The RX frequencies must participate in RF FH. The RX frequencies change with the frequencies used by the current MS. The number of frequencies participating in FH in a cell should not exceed the number of TRXs in the cell. In RF FH mode, the TX frequency of a TRX changes with every burst. Therefore, the tuning of the RF front-end device must be able to keep pace with the changes. Otherwise, a wideband device must be used. The DFCU is a narrowband combiner. Its tuning rate is lower than the changing rate of frequencies. Therefore, the DFCU can be used only for baseband FH instead of RF FH.
Prerequisite
l l l
Preparation
Table 17-9 lists the data to be negotiated and planned before you change baseband FH to RF FH. Table 17-9 Data to be negotiated and planned for changing baseband FH to RF FH Category FH Mode TRXs Frequencies Source Network planning Description FH has three modes: RF FH, Baseband FH, and None FH. The cell must be configured with at least two TRXs. The number of frequencies in a cell must be greater than the number of TRXs joining in FH.
Table 17-10 lists the data to be negotiated and planned for changing baseband FH to RF FH.
Table 17-10 Example of the data negotiated and planned for changing baseband FH to RF FH Category FH Mode TRXs Original Configuration Data Baseband FH (HSN = 1, MAIO = 0, 1, 2)
Modified Configuration Data RF FH (HSN = 1, MAIO = 0, 1, 2)



Frequencies
0 10 13 16 19
l
0 10 13 16 19 11 14 17 20 12 15 18 21

MA of cell 3012-2:

11 14 17 20
l

MA of cell 3012-4:

12 15 18 21
Procedure
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Step 7 Select None FH from the FH Mode drop-down list. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-40. Figure 17-40 Changing to none FH mode
NOTE
Before changing the FH mode of a cell from RF FH to baseband FH or from baseband FH to RF FH, you must set the FH mode of the cell to None FH.
Step 8 Select RF FH from the FH Mode drop-down list. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-41.
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Figure 17-41 Configuring attributes of RF FH
Step 9 Click Configure MA Group. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-42. Figure 17-42 Configuring cell MA group attributes
NOTE
Under normal conditions, one cell is configured with only one MA group.
Step 10 Click OK to finish the configuration of cell MA group attributes and return to the dialog box shown in Figure 17-40. Step 11 Click OK to finish the configuration of FH attributes and return to the dialog box shown in Figure 17-38.
Step 12 Click OK to finish the changing of the FH mode of cell 3012-1 and return to the dialog box shown in Figure 17-37. Step 13 Click Next. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-43. Figure 17-43 Configuring BTS equipment

NOTE
----End
17.6.5 Changing RF FH to None FH

This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from RF FH to none FH to optimize network performance. Scenario Impact Network optimization After the FH mode of a cell is changed, the cell is reset.
NEs InvolvedBSC and BTS FH can reduce the possibility of a channel being affected by the same interference source. Therefore, FH has features such as anti-interference, anti-attenuation, and high security. It is widely used in telecommunications. In FH mode, frequency diversity gain and interference averaging are adopted to improve speech quality. In addition, FH technologies are used to simplify frequency planning and improve system capacity in networks with limited frequencies. However, FH technologies may have a negative impact on data services. Especially for high-rate data services, such as CS3CS4 and MCS5MCS9, FH may be harmful.
In RF FH mode, the TX frequencies and RX frequencies of each TRX may change. Both the TX frequencies and the RX frequencies of TRXs participate in FH. In a cell, the number of frequencies joining in FH is defined by the Hopping Sequence Number (HSN). The number of frequencies participating in FH can exceed the number of TRXs in the cell. In RF FH mode, the TX frequency of a TRX changes with every burst. Therefore, the tuning of the RF front-end device must be able to keep pace with the changes. Otherwise, a wideband device must be used. The DFCU is a narrowband combiner. Its tuning rate is lower than the changing rate of frequencies. Therefore, the DFCU can be used only for baseband FH instead of RF FH.
Prerequisite
l l l
Preparation
Table 17-11 lists the data to be negotiated and planned before you change RF FH to none FH. Table 17-11 Data to be negotiated and planned for changing RF FH to none FH Category FH Mode TRXs Frequencies Source Network planning Description FH has three modes: RF FH, Baseband FH, and None FH. The cell must be configured with at least two TRXs. The number of frequencies in a cell must be greater than the number of TRXs joining in FH.
Table 17-12 lists the data to be negotiated and planned for changing RF FH to none FH. Table 17-12 Example of the data negotiated and planned for changing RF FH to none FH Category FH Mode Original Configuration Data RF FH (HSN = 1, MAIO = 0, 1, 2) Modified Configuration Data None FH
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Category TRXs




Frequencies
0 10 13 16 19
l
0 10 13 16 19 11 14 17 20 12 15 18 21

MA of cell 3012-2:

11 14 17 20
l

MA of cell 3012-4:

12 15 18 21
Procedure
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Step 7 Select None FH from the FH Mode drop-down list. An information box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-50. Figure 17-50 Information box
Step 8 Click OK. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-51.
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Figure 17-51 Reconfiguring FH attributes
NOTE
You need to reassign frequencies for all the TRXs except the TRX carrying the BCCH.
Step 9 Double-click TRX 2. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-52. Figure 17-52 Configuring TRX attributes
Step 10 Select a frequency from the Available Frequencies list box and add it to the Assigned Frequencies list box, as shown in Figure 17-53.
Figure 17-53 Assigning a frequency to TRX 2
Step 11 Click OK. TRX 2 is assigned a frequency. Use the same method to assign frequencies 13, 16, and 19 to TRX 4, TRX 6, and TRX 8 respectively. Figure 17-54 shows the dialog box after the frequencies are assigned. Figure 17-54 Assigning frequencies completed
Step 12 Click OK to finish the configuration of FH attributes and return to the dialog box shown in Figure 17-48.
Step 13 Click OK to finish changing the FH mode and return to the dialog box shown in Figure 17-47. Step 14 Select 3012-2 from the Cells to be set list box and modify the FH mode of cell 3012-2 by using the same method as modifying the FH mode of cell 3012-1.
NOTE
The procedure for changing the FH mode of cell 3012-4 is the same as that for changing the FH mode of cell 3012-1.
Step 15 After changing the FH modes of cells 3012-1, 3012-2, and 3012-4, click Finish in the dialog box shown in Figure 17-47. ----End
17.6.6 Changing Baseband FH to None FH

This describes how to change the FH mode of a cell from baseband FH to none FH to optimize network performance. Scenario Impact Network optimization After the FH mode of a cell is changed, the cell is reset.
NEs InvolvedBSC and BTS FH can reduce the possibility of a channel being affected by the same interference source. Therefore, FH has features such as anti-interference, anti-attenuation, and high security. It is widely used in telecommunications. In FH mode, frequency diversity gain and interference averaging are adopted to improve speech quality. In addition, FH technologies are used to simplify frequency planning and improve system capacity in networks with limited frequencies. However, FH technologies may have a negative impact on data services. Especially for high-rate data services, such as CS3CS4 and MCS5MCS9, FH may be harmful. In baseband FH mode, the TX frequencies do not participate in FH and remain unchanged. The TX FH is achieved through the switch of baseband signals between different TRXs. The RX frequencies must participate in RF FH. The RX frequencies change with the frequencies used by the current MS. The number of frequencies participating in FH in a cell should not exceed the number of TRXs in the cell. In RF FH mode, the TX frequency of a TRX changes with every burst. Therefore, the tuning of the RF front-end device must be able to keep pace with the changes. Otherwise, a wideband device must be used. The DFCU is a narrowband combiner. Its tuning rate is lower than the changing rate of frequencies. Therefore, the DFCU can be used only for baseband FH instead of RF FH.
Prerequisite
l l l
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Preparation
Table 17-13 lists the data to be negotiated and planned before you change baseband FH to none FH. Table 17-13 Data to be negotiated and planned for changing baseband FH to none FH Category FH Mode TRXs Frequencies Source Network planning Description FH has three modes: RF FH, Baseband FH, and None FH. The cell must be configured with at least two TRXs. The number of frequencies in a cell must be greater than the number of TRXs joining in FH.
Table 17-14 lists the data to be negotiated and planned for changing baseband FH to none FH. Table 17-14 Example of the data negotiated and planned for changing baseband FH to none FH Category FH Mode TRXs Original Configuration Data Baseband FH (HSN = 1, MAIO = 0, 1, 2)
Modified Configuration Data None FH

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Category Frequencies

l

l

MA of cell 3012-1:

0 10 13 16 19
l
0 10 13 16 19 11 14 17 20 12 15 18 21

MA of cell 3012-2:

11 14 17 20
l

MA of cell 3012-4:

12 15 18 21
Procedure
Step 1 On the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal, right-click the target cell. A shortcut menu is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-55. Figure 17-55 Choosing Configure Cell Attributes
Step 2 Choose Configure Cell Attributes. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-56.
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Figure 17-56 Configuring Cells Attributes dialog box
Step 3 Add the cell from the Cell view list box to the Selected cells list box, as shown in Figure 17-57. Figure 17-57 Selecting a cell
Step 4 Click Next. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-58.
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Step 7 Select None FH from the FH Mode drop-down list. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-61. Figure 17-61 Changing to none FH mode
Step 8 Click OK to finish the configuration of FH attributes and return to the dialog box shown in Figure 17-59. Step 9 Click OK to finish the changing of the FH mode of cell 3012-1 and return to the dialog box shown in Figure 17-58. Step 10 Select 3012-2 from the Cells to be set list box and modify the FH mode of cell 3012-2 by using the same method as modifying the FH mode of cell 3012-1.
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NOTE
The procedure for changing the FH mode of cell 3012-4 is the same as that for changing the FH mode of cell 3012-1.
Step 11 After changing the FH modes of cells 3012-1, 3012-2, and 3012-4, click Finish in the dialog box shown in Figure 17-58. ----End
17.7 Maintenance Information

This lists the alarms related to frequency hopping.
Alarms
Table 17-15 lists the alarms related to frequency hopping. Table 17-15 Alarms Alarm ID 403 404 Alarm Name Baseband FH Mutual Aid in a Cell Switchback after Baseband FH Mutual Aid in a Cell
Counters
None.
17.8 References
GSM 05.02 / ETS 300 908 Multiplexing and multiple access on the radio path
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Frequency Hopping

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Frequency Hopping

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HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Acronyms and Abbreviations

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Network Elements Involved

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HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Impact on Voice Quality

Impact on Data Services

Impact on Other Features

17.4 Technical Description

17.4.1 Principle of Frequency Hopping

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Figure 17-1 Attenuation model

The frequency hopping technique has the following features:

The interference is generally narrowband distributed in the existing networks.

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

17.4.2 Category of Frequency Hopping

17.4.3 Parameters of Frequency Hopping

Cell Allocation table (CA)

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

CA table collects all the ARFCNs assigned for the cells.

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

17.6.1 Changing None FH to RF FH

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Modified Configuration Data RF FH (HSN = 1, MAIO = 0, 1, 2)

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HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Original Configuration Data

Modified Configuration Data

Frequencies of cell 3012-1:

Frequencies of cell 3012-2:

Frequencies of cell 3012-4:

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HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Figure 17-3 Configuring Cells Attributes dialog box

Step 4 Click Next. A dialog box is displayed, as shown in Figure 17-5.

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HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Figure 17-5 Set Cell Attributes dialog box

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HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Figure 17-6 Set Cell Attributes dialog box

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HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Figure 17-7 Configuring FH attributes

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HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Figure 17-9 Configuring cell MA group attributes

In RF FH mode, one cell is usually configured with only one MA group.

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HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Figure 17-10 Configuring BTS equipment

Step 13 Click Finish.

17.6.2 Changing None FH to Baseband FH

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

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HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem BSS Feature Description

Original Configuration Data

Modified Configuration Data

Frequencies of cell 3012-2:

Frequencies of cell 3012-4: