StudentsName: Kyle Ruth G. Sevilla Pt. Name: Madria, Maricel Age: 29 Drug study 1.

Generic Name and Formulations: Methylergonovine maleate 0.2mg; tabs. How Supplied: Tabs100; Inj (1mL amps)20 Therapeutic Use: Ob/Gyn conditions Indications for METHERGINE: Following delivery of the placenta, for routine management of uterine atony, hemorrhage, and subinvolution of the uterus. For control of Warnings/Precautions: Avoid intra-arterial, periarterial injection. Coronary artery disease or risk factors; may be more susceptible to developing MI and infarction associated with methylergonovine-induced vasospasm. Sepsis. Obliterative vascular disease. Hepatic or renal disease. 2nd stage of labor. Nursing mothers: not recommended (wait at least 12hrs after last dose before initiating or resuming feeding). Interactions: Potentiated by vasoconstrictors, other ergot alkaloids, prostaglandins, beta-blockers. Potent CYP3A4 inhibitors (eg, macrolides, protease inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors, azole antifungals): not recommended. Use caution with less potent CYP3A4 inhibitors (eg, saquinavir, nefazodone, fluconazole, grapefruit juice, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, zileuton, clotrimazole). Antagonized by strong inducers of CYP3A4 (eg, nevirapine, rifampicin), anesthetics (eg, halothane, methoxyflurane). Antagonizes glyceryl trinitrate, other antianginal drugs. Adverse Reactions: Hypertension associated with seizure and/or headache, hypotension, abdominal pain, GI upset; rare: cardiovascular effects (eg, vasoconstriction, acute MI, transient chest pains). Metabolism: Hepatic. Elimination: Fecal. uterine hemorrhage in the second stage of labor following delivery of the anterior shoulder. Adult Dose for METHERGINE: 0.2mg 34 times a day in the puerperium for max 1 week. Pharmacological Class: Ergot alkaloid Contraindications: Hypertension. Toxemia. Pregnancy (Cat.C). January 13, 2014

2. Cephalexin Brand Names: Keflex, Panixine, Biocef, Zartan Classification: Cephalosporin Antibiotics Available forms: Cephalexin hydrochloride

Capsules: 250 mg, 500 mg

Tablets: 500 mg Indications & dosages: Respiratory tract, GI tract, skin, soft-tissue, bone, and joint infections and otitis media caused by Escherichia coli and other coliform bacteria, group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, Klebsiella species, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and staphylococci Adults: 250 mg to 1 g P.O. q 6 hours or 500 mg q 12 hours. Maximum 4 g daily.

Children: 25 to 50 mg/kg/day P.O. in two to four equally divided doses. In severe infections, dose can be doubled. Adjust-a-dose: For adults with impaired renal function, initial dose is the same. Then, for those with creatinine clearance of 11 to 40 ml/minute, give 500 mg P.O. q 8 to 12 hours; for clearance of 5 to 10 ml/minute, give 250 mg P.O. q 12 hours; and for clearance of less than 5 ml/minute, give 250 mg P.O. q 12 to 24 hours. Mechanism of action: It works by interfering with the bacteria's cell wall formation, causing it to rupture, and killing the bacteria. Contraindications & cautions:

Contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to cephalosporins. Use cautiously in patients hypersensitive to penicillin because of possibility of cross-sensitivity with other beta-lactam antibiotics. Use cautiously in breast-feeding women and in patients with history of colitis or renal insufficiency. Adverse Reactions:

CNS: dizziness, headache, fatigue, agitation, confusion, hallucinations. GI: pseudomembranous colitis, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, gastritis, glossitis, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, anal pruritus, tenesmus, oral candidiasis. GU: genital pruritus, candidiasis, vaginitis, interstitial nephritis. Hematologic: neutropenia, eosinophilia, anemia, thrombocytopenia. Musculoskeletal: arthritis, arthralgia, joint pain. Skin: maculopapular and erythematous rashes, urticaria. Other: hypersensitivity reactions, serum sickness, anaphylaxis. Nursing considerations

Ask patient about past reaction to cephalosporin or penicillin therapy before giving first dose. Obtain specimen for culture and sensitivity tests before giving first dose. Therapy may begin while awaiting results. To prepare oral suspension: Add required amount of water to powder in two portions. Shake well after each addition. After mixing, store in refrigerator. Mixture will remain stable for 14 days. Keep tightly closed and shake well before using. If large doses are given or if therapy is prolonged, monitor patient for superinfection, especially if patient is high risk.

1. Tell patient to take drug exactly as prescribed, even after he feels better. 2. Instruct patient to take drug with food or milk to lessen GI discomfort. If patient is taking suspension form, instruct him to shake container well before measuring dose and to store in refrigerator. 3. Tell patient to notify prescriber if rash or signs and symptoms of superinfection develop.

3. Mefenamic acid 500 mg Generice Name: Mefenamic Acid Brand Name:Ponstan, Ponstel Classifications:central nervous system agent; analgesic; nsaid; antipyretic Pregnancy Category:C Availability 250 mg tablets

Actions Anthranilic acid derivative. Like ibuprofen inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and affects platelet function. No evidence that it is superior to aspirin. Therapeutic effects Analgesic, antiinflammatory, and antipyretic actions similar to those of ibuprofen. Uses Short-term relief of mild to moderate pain including primary dysmenorrhea. Contraindications Hypersensitivity to drug;GI inflammation,or ulceration. Safety in children <14 y, during pregnancy (category C), or lactation is not established. Cautious use History of kidney or liver disease;blood dyscrasias;asthma;diabetes mellitus;hypersensitivity to aspirin. Long term use increases risk of serious adverse events. Route & Dosage Mild to Moderate Pain adult: PO Loading Dose 500 mg PO Maintenance Dose 250 mg q6h prn Administration Oral Give with meals, food, or milk to minimize GI adverse effects. Do not use drug for a period exceeding 1 wk (manufacturers warning). Adverse effects CNS:Drowsiness, insomnia, dizziness, nervousness, confusion, headache. GI:Severe diarrhea, ulceration, and bleeding; nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, flatus, constipation, hepatic toxicity. Hematologic:Prolonged prothrombin time, severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia (long-term use), leukopenia, eosinophilia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenic purpura, megaloblastic anemia, pancytopenia, bone marrow hypoplasia. Urogenital:Nephrotoxicity, dysuria, albuminuria, hematuria, elevation of BUN. Skin:Urticaria, rash, facial edema. SpecSenses:Eye irritation, loss of color vision (reversible), blurred vision, ear pain. BodyWhole:Perspiration. CV:Palpitation. Respiratory:Dyspnea; acute exacerbation of asthma; bronchoconstriction (in patients sensitive to aspirin). Nursing implications Assess patients who develop severe diarrhea and vomiting for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Lab tests: With long-term therapy (not recommended) obtain periodic complete blood counts, Hct and Hgb, and kidney function tests. Discontinue drug promptly if diarrhea, dark stools, hematemesis, ecchymoses, epistaxis, or rash occur and do not use again. Contact physician. Notify physician if persistent GI discomfort, sore throat, fever, or malaise occur. Do not drive or engage in potentially hazardous activities until response to drug is known. It may cause dizziness and drowsiness. Do not breast feed while taking this drug without consulting physician.

Students Name: Kyle Ruth G. Sevilla Pt. Name: Lim, Jing Jing Age: 29 January 13, 2014

Drug Study

1. Cefuroxime
Generic Name and Formulations: Cefuroxime (as sodium) 750mg, 1.5g; IM or IV inj; sodium content 2.4mEq/g. Indications: Susceptible bacterial septicemia, lower respiratory or urinary tract, skin and skin structure, meningitis, bone and joint infections, gonorrhea. Surgical prophylaxis. Adult Dose: Use IV route for serious infections. Usual duration of therapy: 510 days. Uncomplicated UTIs, skin and skin structure, disseminated gonorrhea, or uncomplicated pneumonia: 750mg every 8 hours. Severe or complicated infections, bone and joint: 1.5g every 8 hours; life-threatening: 1.5g every 6 hours; meningitis: max 3g every 8 hours. Uncomplicated gonorrhea: 1.5g IM once (divide into 2 injections) with 1g oral probenecid. Prophylaxis: see literature. Renal dysfunction: CrCl 1020mL/min: 750mg every 12 hours; CrCl <10mL/min: 750mg every 24 hours. Coincide a dose for end of dialysis. Children's Dose: <3 months: not recommended. Give in equally divided doses. 3 months: usual range: 50100mg/kg per day every 68 hours. Bone and joint: 150mg/kg per day every 8 hours. Meningitis: 200240mg/kg per day IV every 6 8 hours. Renal dysfunction: reduce dose. Pharmacological Class: Cephalosporin. Warnings/Precautions: Penicillin allergy. Renal impairment, reduce dose. Monitor prothrombin time (in patients at risk), renal function. GI disease (esp. colitis). Elderly. Pregnancy (Cat.B). Nursing mothers. Interactions: Avoid aminoglycosides, furosemide, ethacrynic acid, other nephrotoxic drugs. May cause false (+) glucose test with Clinitest, Benedict's or Fehling's soln. Potentiated by probenecid. Adverse Reactions: Local reactions, blood dyscrasias, elevated liver enzymes; rarely: GI upset, rash (may be serious, eg, StevensJohnson syndrome), drug fever, anaphylaxis, interstitial nephritis, seizures, hearing loss in children treated for meningitis.

2. Celebrex
Celebrex is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain or inflammation. PREPARATIONS: Capsules: 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg Indications CELEBREX is indicated for the relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis, and for the management of acute pain in adults. Important Safety Information

All prescription NSAIDs, like CELEBREX, ibuprofen, naproxen, and meloxicam have the same cardiovascular warning. They may all increase the chance of heart attack or stroke that can lead to death. This chance increases if you have heart disease or risk factors for it, such as high blood pressure or when NSAIDs are taken for long periods. CELEBREX should not be used right before or after certain heart surgeries. Serious skin reactions, or stomach and intestine problems such as bleeding and ulcers, can occur without warning and may cause death. Patients taking aspirin and the elderly are at increased risk for stomach bleeding and ulcers. Tell your doctor if you have: * A history of ulcers or bleeding in the stomach or intestines * High blood pressure or heart failure * Kidney or liver problems CELEBREX should not be taken in late pregnancy. Do not take CELEBREX if you have bleeding in the stomach or intestine, or youve had an asthma attack, hives, or other allergic reactions to aspirin, any other NSAID medicine or certain drugs called sulfonamides. Life threatening allergic reactions can occur with CELEBREX. Get help right away if youve had swelling of the face or throat or trouble breathing. Prescription CELEBREX should be used exactly as prescribed at the lowest dose possible and for the shortest time needed.