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Technologies

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Cisco Certification Path

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Technologies

CCIE

CCNP CCNA CCENT

CCIE : Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert

CCNP : Cisco Certified Network Professional CCNA : Cisco Certified Network Associate CCENT : Cisco Certified Entry Networking Technician
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CCNP Module

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Technologies

ROUTE (642-902) Implementing Cisco IP Routing SWITCH (642-812) Implementing Cisco IP Switched Networks TSHOOT (642-832) Troubleshooting and Maintaining Cisco IP Networks

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IP Addressing

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Technologies

Two Versions of Addressing Scheme IP version 4 32 bit addressing IP version 6 128 bit addressing

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IPv4

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Technologies

Total IPv4 Addressing Scheme is divided into 5 Classes CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C CLASS D CLASS E Multicasting Research & Development LAN & WAN Unicast

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IPv4

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Technologies

Class

Range 0.0.0.0 to

Octet Format N.H.H.H

Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 255.255.0.0

Cisco / Notation /8

Class A

127.255.255.255 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255

Class B

N.N.H.H

/16

Class C

N.N.N.H

255.255.255.0

/24

Class D

N/A

N/A

N/A

Class E

N/A

N/A

N/A

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What is Router ?

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Technologies

Router is a internetworking Device. It routes the packet from one logical network to other logical network It have two main role. Switch of packet from inbound interface to outbound interface. Determination of best path towards destination.

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Cisco hierarchical design

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Technologies

Core Layer Distribution Layer Access Layer

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Cisco hierarchical design

Core Layer

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Technologies

Distribution Layer

Access Layer

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Routing

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Technologies

Switching of packet from inbound interface to outbound interface based on routing table

Routing is enabled by default

To enable or disable IP Routing Router(config)# [no] ip routing

E0

E1

192.168.0.0/24
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192.168.1.0/24

Type of Routing Protocol

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Technologies

Static Routing Dynamic Routing Default Routing

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Static Routing

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Technologies

Manually configured by Administrator Administrative distance is 1 Destination network should be known Routing based on next hop IP address or exit interface Secure and fast

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Static Routing Configuration

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Technologies

S1 R1 E0 10.0.1.1/30

S0 10.0.1.2/30 R2 E0

192.168.0.0/24

192.168.1.128/26

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Static Default Route

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Technologies

Static default route will be used for unknown destination or for all destination. It is used for Internet.

It can be also used on Stub router.

It is last preferred route in routing table.

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Static Default configuration.

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Technologies

S1 R1 E0 201.1.51.42/29 201.1.51.41/29
ISP

Internet

192.168.0.0/24

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Static & Default Example

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Technologies

A E0

S0 S1

192.168.1.0/24 S2 E0 192.168.3.0/24 C S0
ISP

Internet

B E0

S0

192.168.2.0/24

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Static & Default Route configuration

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Technologies

A E0

S0 S1

ISP

Internet

192.168.1.0/24 C E0 192.168.2.1/24 B

S0 E0 192.168.2.2/24

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Dynamic Routing Protocol

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Technologies

Dynamic routing protocols, exchange routing information with the neighbors and build the routing table automatically

Administrator need to advertise only the directly

connected networks Any changes in the network topology are automatically updated

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Classification of Routing Protocol

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Technologies

Classfull Routing Protocol Routing protocol which doesnt Carry subnet mask in Routing updates. Eg. RIP, IGRP. Classless Routing Protocol Routing Protocols which carry subnet mask information in routing update Eg. RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF, ISIS, BGPv4

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Summarization

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Technologies

Combining the contagious address into one and advertising to neighbor Router Advantages

Minimizing the routing table entries

Less use of resources like memory, processor, bandwidth Less number of updates There are two type of Summarization Auto summary Manual summary
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Auto Summary

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Technologies

Also known as automatic summarization at network boundary Subnet at major network boundary will be summarized into classfull updates Classfull routing protocol does auto summary by default and it cant be turn off Routing protocol like RIPv2, EIGRP, BGPv4 support auto summary Link state routing protocol i.e. OSPF and ISIS doesnt support auto summary

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Auto Summary

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Technologies

10.10.0.0/16 10.20.0.0/16 10.10.0.0/16 S0

192.168.20.0/24

172.16.1.0/24 172.16.1.0/24 172.16.2.0/24 S1 D

S0 172.16.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8 192.168.20.0/24 192.168.20.0/24 S1 B

S1

S0 172.16.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8 192.168.20.0/24 192.168.20.0/24

10.20.0.0/16
Routing table of A
Networks Networks 10.20.0.0/16 10.20.0.0/16 10.10.0.0/16 10.10.0.0/16 192.168.20.0/24 172.16.0.0/16 Int Int E0 E0 S0 S0 S0 S0

172.16.2.0/24
Routing table of B
Networks 192.168.20.0/24 10.10.0.0/16 10.20.0.0/16 172.16.0.0/16 Int S0 S1 S1 S0

Routing table of C
Networks 172.16.1.0/24 192.168.20.0/24 10.0.0.0/8 172.16.2.0/24 Int S0 S1 S1 S0

Routing table of D
Networks 172.16.2.0/24 172.16.1.0/24 10.0.0.0/8 192.168.20.0/24 Int E0 S1 S1 S1

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Problem of Auto Summary in discontiguous Subnets ZOOM

Technologies

To enable or disable auto summary Router(config-router)# [no] auto-summary

10.0.0.0/8

10.0.0.0/8

A
10.20.0.0/16

C
10.10.0.0/16

S1 B

S0

192.168.0.0/24
Routing table of B
Networks 10.0.0.0/8 10.0.0.0/8 Int S0 S1

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Manual summary

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Technologies

Administrator manually configures Summarization Summary address contains networks in 2n subnets (FLSM) It is supported by all classless routing protocols

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Manual Summary

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Technologies

10.10.1.0/24 10.10.2.0/24 10.10.3.0/24

10.10.1.0/24

10.10.2.0/24

10.10.3.0/24

10.10.1.0/24 10.10.2.0/24 10.10.3.0/24

10.20.1.0/24 10.20.2.0/24 10.20.3.0/24

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