EE324

HW2 Solution

Fall 2012

Problem 1 A two-wire copper transmission line is embedded in a dielectric Problem 2.2

material with r = 2.6 and = 2 106 S/m. Its wires are separated by 3 cm and their radii are 1 mm each. (a) Calculate the line parameters R , L , G , and C at 2 GHz. (b) Compare your results with those based on CD Module 2.1. Include a printout of the screen display. Solution: (a) Given: d = 2 103 m, f = 2 109 Hz,

D = 3 102 m,

c = 5.8 107 S/m (copper), r = 2.6, = 2 106 S/m, = c = 0 .

From Table 2-1: Rs =

f c /c

= [ 2 109 4 107 /5.8 107 ]1/2 R = 2Rs 2 1.17 102 = = 3.71 /m, d 2 103 L = ln (D/d ) + (D/d )2 1 = 1.17 102 ,

= 1.36 106 H/m, G = ln[(D/d ) + (D/d )2 1] = 1.85 106 S/m, C = G 1.85 106 8.85 1012 2.6 = 2 106 11 = 2.13 10 F/m.

(b) Solution via Module 2.1:

EE324

HW2 Solution

Fall 2012

EE324

HW2 Solution

Fall 2012

Problem 2 Find , , up , and Z0 for the coaxial line of Problem 2.6. Verify your Problem 2.8
results by applying CD Module 2.2. Include a printout of the screen display. Solution: From Eq. (2.22),

=
=

(R + j L )(G + j C ) (0.788 /m) + j(2 109 s1 )(139 109 H/m) (9.1 103 S/m) + j(2 109 s1 )(362 1012 F/m)

= (109 103 + j44.5) m1 .

Thus, from Eqs. (2.25a) and (2.25b), = 0.109 Np/m and = 44.5 rad/m. From Eq. (2.29), Z0 = R + j L = G + j C (0.788 /m) + j(2 109 s1 )(139 109 H/m) (9.1 103 S/m) + j(2 109 s1 )(362 1012 F/m)

= (19.6 + j0.030) . From Eq. (2.33), up =

2 109 = = 1.41 108 m/s. 44.5

EE324

HW2 Solution

Fall 2012

EE324

HW2 Solution

Fall 2012

Problem 3 Problem 2.18 Polyethylene with r = 2.25 is used as the insulating material in a

lossless coaxial line with characteristic impedance of 50 . The radius of the inner conductor is 1.2 mm. (a) What is the radius of the outer conductor? (b) What is the phase velocity of the line?

Solution: Given a lossless coaxial line, Z0 = 50 , r = 2.25, a = 1.2 mm: (a) From Table 2-2, Z0 = (60/ r ) ln (b/a) which can be rearranged to give b = aeZ0

r /60

= (1.2 mm)e50

2.25/60

= 4.2 mm.

(b) Also from Table 2-2, c 3 108 m/s up = = = 2.0 108 m/s. r 2.25

EE324

HW2 Solution

Fall 2012

Problem2.19 4 Problem A 50- lossless transmission line is terminated in a load with impedance ZL = (30 j50) . The wavelength is 8 cm. Find: (a) the reection coefcient at the load, (b) the standing-wave ratio on the line, (c) the position of the voltage maximum nearest the load, (d) the position of the current maximum nearest the load. (e) Verify quantities in parts (a)(d) using CD Module 2.4. Include a printout of the screen display.
Solution: (a) From Eq. (2.59), = (b) From Eq. (2.73), S= (c) From Eq. (2.70) dmax = 1 + || 1 + 0.57 = = 3.65. 1 || 1 0.57
ZL Z0 (30 j50) 50 = = 0.57e j79.8 . ZL + Z0 (30 j50) + 50

r n 79.8 8 cm rad n 8 cm + = + 4 2 4 180 2 = 0.89 cm + 4.0 cm = 3.11 cm.

(d) A current maximum occurs at a voltage minimum, and from Eq. (2.72), dmin = dmax /4 = 3.11 cm 8 cm/4 = 1.11 cm. (e) The problem statement does not specify the frequency, so in Module 2.4 we need to select the combination of f and r such that = 5 cm. With r chosen as 1, f= 3 108 c = = 3.75 GHz. 8 102

The generator parameters are irrelevant to the problem. The results listed in the output screens are very close to those given in parts (a) through (d).

EE324

HW2 Solution

Fall 2012

Figure P2.19(a)

EE324

HW2 Solution

Fall 2012

Figure P2.19(b)

EE324

HW2 Solution

Fall 2012

Problem2.24 5 Problem A 50- lossless line terminated in a purely resistive load has a voltage standing-wave ratio of 3. Find all possible values of ZL .
Solution: S1 31 = = 0.5. S+1 3+1 For a purely resistive load, r = 0 or . For r = 0, || = ZL = Z0 For r = , = 0.5 and ZL = 50 1 0.5 = 15 . 1 + 0.5 1+ 1 + 0.5 = 50 = 150 . 1 1 0.5

EE324

HW2 Solution

Fall 2012

Problem 6 At an operating frequency of 300 MHz, a lossless 50- air-spaced Problem 2.27 transmission line 2.5 m in length is terminated with an impedance ZL = (40 + j20) . Find the input impedance.
Solution: Given a lossless transmission line, Z0 = 50 , f = 300 MHz, l = 2.5 m, and ZL = (40 + j20) . Since the line is air lled, up = c and therefore, from Eq. (2.48), 2 300 106 = = 2 rad/m. = up 3 108 Since the line is lossless, Eq. (2.79) is valid: Zin = Z0 ZL + jZ0 tan l Z0 + jZL tan l (40 + j20) + j50 tan (2 rad/m 2.5 m) 50 + j(40 + j20) tan (2 rad/m 2.5 m) = 50 [(40 + j20) + j50 0] 50 + j(40 + j20) 0 = 50 = (40 + j20) .

EE324

HW2 Solution

Fall 2012

Problem2.28 7 Problem A lossless transmission line of electrical length l = 0.35 is terminated in a load impedance as shown in Fig. P2.28. Find , S, and Zin . Verify your results using CD Modules 2.4 or 2.5. Include a printout of the screens output display.
l = 0.35

Zin

Z0 = 100

ZL = (60 + j30)

Figure P2.28: Circuit for Problem 2.28.

Solution: From Eq. (2.59), = From Eq. (2.73), S= From Eq. (2.79) Zin = Z0 = 100
ZL Z0 (60 + j30) 100 = = 0.307e j132.5 . ZL + Z0 (60 + j30) + 100

1 + || 1 + 0.307 = = 1.89. 1 || 1 0.307

ZL + jZ0 tan l Z0 + jZL tan l (60 + j30) + j100 tan 100 + j(60 + j30) tan
2 rad 0.35 2 rad 0.35

= (64.8 j38.3) .

EE324

HW2 Solution

Fall 2012

EE324

HW2 Solution

Fall 2012

Problem 2.32 Problem 8 A 6-m section of 150- lossless line is driven by a source with vg (t ) = 5 cos(8 107t 30 ) (V)

and Zg = 150 . If the line, which has a relative permittivity r = 2.25, is terminated in a load ZL = (150 j50) , determine: (a) on the line. (b) The reection coefcient at the load. (c) The input impedance. (d) The input voltage Vi . (e) The time-domain input voltage vi (t ). (f) Quantities in (a) to (d) using CD Modules 2.4 or 2.5. Solution: vg (t ) = 5 cos(8 107t 30 ) V, Vg = 5e j30 V.

~ 150 I i Zg ~ Vg + -

Transmission line + Z0 = 150 + ~ VL l=6m Load z=0 IL ZL (150-j50)

~

~ Vi Zin -

Generator z = -l

Zg ~ Vg + -

~ Ii

+ ~ Vi Figure P2.32: Circuit for Problem 2.32.

Zin

EE324

HW2 Solution

Fall 2012

(a) c 3 108 up = = = 2 108 (m/s), r 2.25 up 2 up 2 2 108 = = = = 5 m, f 8 107 8 107 = = 0.4 (rad/m), = up 2 108 (rad).

l = 0.4 6 = 2.4

Since this exceeds 2 (rad), we can subtract 2 , which leaves a remainder l = 0.4 (rad). ZL Z0 150 j50 150 j50 (b) = = = = 0.16 e j80.54 . ZL + Z0 150 j50 + 150 300 j50 (c) Zin = Z0 ZL + jZ0 tan l Z0 + jZL tan l (150 j50) + j150 tan(0.4 ) = 150 = (115.70 + j27.42) . 150 + j(150 j50) tan(0.4 ) Vg Zin 5e j30 (115.7 + j27.42) Vi = = Zg + Zin 150 + 115.7 + j27.42 115.7 + j27.42 = 5e j30 265.7 + j27.42 = 5e j30 0.44 e j7.44 = 2.2 e j22.56 (e) vi (t ) = Re[Vi e j t ] = Re[2.2 e j22.56 e j t ] = 2.2 cos(8 107t 22.56 ) V.

(d)

(V).

EE324

HW2 Solution

Fall 2012