SBM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DINDIGUL.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MONTHLY TEST-III Branch: Mechanical Subject name: Automobile Engineering Subject code: AT136 Year: III Semester: VI !acult" #ame: Mr$ %$&arthi'e"an

(#IT ) V *+ MA,& - . A/
1$ 0hat is the general com1osition o2 #atural gas3 *A$( #o456ec + General composition for Natural gas: Methane (CH4) : 85 90 !thane (C"H#) :5$ %ropane (C&H8) :" Car'on (io)i(e (C*") : & 5 *thers :+ +$ Indicate the 4arious constituents o2 8#9$ *A$( #o456ec + 1 / ,efer -uestion No. + 3$ 0rite the com1osition o2 :;9 and 8#9$ *A$($ Ma"5%une + /0pes of 1%G composition: '0 2eight 33 4.4 #4.0 "8.$ ".9 7/ 7/

+. ". &. 4.

!thane %ropane %rop0lene 4utane

3 +.8 9&.+ ".8 ".& Misse( in automo'iles

333 +.$ &4.+ #".+ ".+

CNG Composition: ,efer -uestion No. + <$ 8om1are :;9 and 8#9 cars =or'ing 1rinci1les$ *A$($ Ma"5%une + CNG Cars 2or5ing principle: CNG is store( in special c0lin(ers in the 6ehicle7 at a high pressure (&7000 to &7#00 poun(s per s8uare inch). 9hen the accelerator is presse(7 CNG enters the engine compartment from the high pressure fuel line. :rom here it reaches the regulator7 2here pressure is re(uce( to normal atmospheric pressure. ;fter this7 it passes through the fuel in<ectors an( into the com'ustion cham'ers of the 6ehicle. /he process of com'ustion releases energ0 that the 6ehicle nee(s to mo6e. 1%G Cars 2or5ing principle: 3f 1%G s0stem is to 'e intro(uce( for the roa( 6ehicles7 a special tan5 is to 'e installe( in a((ition to the original 2ith com'ine( e6aporator an( pressure regulating unit an( a unit for mi)ing the gas an( air 'efore entering into the engine to su'stitute for car'uretor or in<ection e8uipment. /his is necessar0 2hen the gas is to 'e use( in li8ui( form. ?$ 9i4e an" ad4antages o2 bio diesel$ *A$($ #o456ec + @/ >/

/he a(6antages of using 'iogas as fuel in C.3. engine are7 +) /he gas=air mi)ture pro6i(es uniform mi)ture in multic0clin(er engine at all times. ") /here is 6irtuall0 no C* emission in e)haust (ue to lean operation of the engine. &) N*) emissions are re(uce( '0 a'out #0 2hen 'iogas is use( as fuel. 4) 3n case of C.3. engines7 soot is 6irtuall0 eliminate( an( e)haust is foun( to ha6e less pungent o(our than that o'taine( 2hile operating the engine as (iesel oil. /he ma<or a(6antages of 6egeta'le oils as fuel are7 +) /he0 are non=e)hausti'le t0pe ") Can 'e croppe( in a c0clic or(er. 6$ 0hat are the ad4antages and limitations o2 Alcohols as engine 2uel3 *A$( A1ril5Ma" + ?/ ;(6antages of alcohol fuele( engines compare( 2ith gasoline engines:

(i) (ii)

/he alcohols ('oth) ha6e higher heat of 6apouri>ation /he high octane num'ers of alcohols results in higher engine efficiencies an( higher po2er. (iii) !thanol 'urns faster than petrol allo2ing more uniform an( efficient tor8ue (e6elopment. (i6) ;lcohols ha6e lo2er e)haust emissions than gasoline engines. 4oth alcohols ha6e lo2er car'on to h0(rogen ratio than petrol an( (iesel an( pro(uce less car'on (io)i(e. 1imitations of alcohol: (i) ;s alcohols are corrosi6e to man0 of the materials that are use( 2ith gasoline7 the material use( 2ith alcohols has to 'e change(. (ii) Car'uretor an( fuel in<ection a(<usting to compensate for the leaning effect. (iii) Change in fuel pump an( circulation s0stem to a6oi( 6apour loc5 as methanol 6apourisation rate is 6er0 high. (i6) Cooler running spar5 plugs are to 'e use( to a6oi( pre=ignition. 7$ 0hat do "ou understand b" gasohol and diesohol3 Indicate the methods to 1re1are the same$ *A$($ A1ril5Ma" + 1 / Gaosohol is a gasoline e)ten(er ma(e from a mi)ture of gasoline (90 ) an( ethanol (+0 ) often o'taine( '0 fermenting agricultural crops or crop 2astes. Gasohol is also ma(e as a mi)ture of gasoline (9$ ) an( methanol7 or 2oo( alcohol (& ) . ?iesohol is another alternati6e fuel for transport 6ehicles. 3t t0picall0 consists of a 'len( of 85 (iesel an( +5 ethanol. @$ :ist the di22erent methods o2 storing h"drogen$ *A$( #o456ec + 1 / /he three metho(s for storing H0(rogen for on='oar( are7 (i) Compresse( gas in high pressure c0lin(er (ii) 1i8ui( h0(rogen (in cr0ogenic containers) (iii) ;'sor'e( form (as soli( metal h0(ri(es) >$ 0hat are the major ad4antages o2 using h"drogen as 2uel in automobiles3 *A$($ #o456ec + >/ +) H0(rogen=air mi)ture 'urns nearl0 +0=times faster compare( to gasoline air mi)ture. Hence it is more preferre( in high spee( engines. ") H0(rogen has self=ignition temperature 'ut 6er0 little energ0 is re8uire( to ignite it. &) !)tremel0 2i(e ignition limits. 4) 3ts clean e)haust is the most attracti6e feature of all. ;s it (oes not pro(uce C*"7 there is no greenhouse effect. 5) 4esi(es 'eing a relati6el0 clean 'urning rene2a'le source7 H" as 3.C. fuel is 6er0 efficient as there are no losses associate( 2ith throttling.

#) /he e)haust heat can 'e use( to e)tract H" from the h0(ri(e re(ucing the loa( on engine. 1 $ State an" t=o ad4antages o2 h"drogen gas used in S$I$ Engines$ *A$($ #o456ec + 6/ ,efer -uestion .No. 9 11$ :ist out the dra=bac's o2 using h"drogen in automobiles$ *A$($ A1ril5Ma" + 1 A A$( #o456ec + 1 / +) 3ts energ0 (ensit07 either as a gas or as a li8ui( is 8uite lo2. ") @ince it is a highl0 reacti6e fuel7 special safet0 precautions are necessar0 in han(ling it. &) 3t can pro(uce pre=ignition an( 'ac5 flash in engines7 again (ue to its high reacti6it0. 4) !nerg0 content of air=h0(rogen mi)ture is lo2er than that of h0(ro=car'on fuels. 5) N*) emissions are higher for h0(rogen pea5 6alues. 1+$ 0hat is meant b" B"brid 4ehicles3 *A$( #o456ec + 6/

; h0'ri( 6ehicle is a 6ehicle that uses 'oth an internal com'ustion engine an( a 'atter0Agenerator operate( motor to run the 6ehicle. /he h0'ri( can function as a pure electric 6ehicle for relati6el0 short commutes 2hile retaining the capa'ilit0 of a con6entional automo'ile to ma5e long trips. 13$ 0hat is B"brid Electric 4ehicle3 *A$( A1ril5Ma" + ,efer -uestion. No. +" 1<$ Enumerate the disad4antages o2 Electric car$ *A$( #o456ec + +) ") &) 4) 5) 7/ @/

4atteries life is short7 hence high replacement costs. ;s the 'atteries are to 'e recharge( the range is limite( to a'out #0 $0 5m. Nee( for the (istri'ution of charging points. More energ0 2ill 'e nee(e( in the night to charge the 'atteries. Bnfa6ora'le relationship 'et2een the 2eight of the energ0 storage s0stem an( the 2eight of the rest of the 6ehicle. #) 3nferior performance parameters li5e acceleration7 (ri6a'ilit0. $) 1esser autonom0 than 3C !ngine (ri6en cars$ 1?$ 0hat do "ou mean b" 1arallel con2iguration in h"brid 4ehicle3 *A$( #o456ec + >A A$( #o456ec + 1 /

Here the 3.C. !ngine an( the electric motor are couple( to the 2heels in parallel. /he engine runs at its optimal point an( the motor supplements the tor8ue of the engine. /he motor can also 'e use( for regenerati6e 'ra5ing.

16$

0hat is 2uel cell3 Brie2l" eC1lain$ *A$( A1ril5Ma" +

@/

; fuel cell is a (e6ice that harnesses the energ0 pro(uce( (uring the electro chemical reaction 'et2een h0(rogen an( o)0gen. /he pro(ucts are 2ater heat an( electricit0. /here are no o)i(es of nitrogen7 HC an( Car'on mono)i(e. 3t con6erts the chemical energ0 of fuel (irectl0 into electrical energ0. :uel cells are 6oltaic cell in 2hich electrical material usuall0 in the form of gases are supplie( continuousl0 an( consume( to pro(uce the electricit0. :uel cell ma0 'e (istinguishe( from a 'atter0 in that7 fuel cell operates 2ith continuous replacement of fuel at the electro(e areas an( conse8uentl0 it (oes not re8uire an0 recharging. 17$ Dn =hat 1rinci1les are 2uel cells =or'ing3 *A$($ A1ril5Ma" + + >/ ,efer -uestion No. +# 1@$ 0hat is meant b" a 2uel cell and ho= it =or's3 *A$( Ma"5%une + ,efer -uestion No. +# 1>$ EC1lain the a11lications o2 2uel cell$ *A$( #o456ec + A11lications o2 2uel cell: +) ;o=er @tationar0 fuel cells are use( for commercial7 in(ustrial an( resi(ential primar0 an( 'ac5up po2er generation. ") 8ogeneration Com'ine( heat an( po2er (CH%) fuel cell s0stems7 inclu(ing Micro com'ine( heat an( po2er (MicroCH%) s0stems are use( to generate 'oth electricit0 an( heat for homes (home fuel cell)7 office 'uil(ing an( factories. &) !uel cell electric 4ehicles 4uses7 :or5lifts7 Motorc0cles an( 4ic0cles7 ;irplanes7 4oats7 @u'marines etc.7 4) Dther a11lications /elecommunication e8uipments7 Note'oo5 computers7 @mart phones7 laptops7 ta'lets7 small heating appliances7 4ase loa( po2er plants7 B%@ etc.7 @/ 6/ ?A A$( Ma"5%une

5) !uelling stations H0(rogen station an( H0(rogen high2a0.

*16 MA,&S -/
1$ EC1lain the 2uel characteristics o2 AlcoholsA 8#9A :;9 and h"drogen$ *A$( A1ril5Ma" + ?/ +$ 0hat are the ad4antages and limitations o2 Electric 4ehicle3 EC1lain the characteristics o2 ne= batteries =ith res1ect to 1o=er di4ersit"A energ" di4ersit"A o1erating tem1erature and li2e$ *A$( A1ril5Ma" + ?/ 3$ 6escribe the salient 2eatures o2 using :;9 as an alternate 2uel$ EC1lain =h" h"drogen is considered as the most 2a4ourable 2uel 2or 2uture$ *A$( Ma"5%une + 6/ <$ 0hat are the ad4antages and disad4antages o2 using natural gas as alternate 2uel in I$8$Engine3 8om1are and anal"se the :;9 and 1etrol as 2uel 2or S$I$Engine$ *A$( #o456ec + 6/ ?$ :ist out the ad4antages and disad4antages o2 electrical 4ehicle$ EC1lain =ith a neat s'etch the =or'ing 1rinci1le o2 2uel cell$ *A$( #o456ec + 6/ 6$ 8om1are the ad4antages and disad4antages o2 :;9 and B"drogen as 2uel in I$8$ Engines$ EC1lain the construction and =or'ing 1rinci1le o2 B"drogen engine$ *A$( Ma"5%une + 7/ 7$ 0rite do=n ad4antages and disad4antages o2 h"brid 4ehicles EC1lain =ith a neat s'etch the =or'ing 1rinci1le o2 2uel cell$ *A$( Ma"5%une + 7/ @$ 6iscuss the usage o2 B+ as alternate 2uel in automobile industr"$ EC1lain the ad4antages and disad4antages o2 2uel cells$ *A$( #o456ec + 7/ >$ Schematicall" eC1lain the series and 1arallel con2iguration o2 h"brid s"stem$ 0rite short notes on constraints in 8#9$ *A$( #o456ec + 7/ 1 $ Bo= bio diesel is 1roduced3 EC1lain and its usage in automobile$ *A$($ A1ril5Ma" + @/ 11$ EC1lain the o1eration o2 B"drogen 2ueled 4ehicle =ith neat s'etch$ *A$( A1ril5Ma" + @/ 1+$ 9i4e the short notes on the 2ollo=ing: *i/ Bio diesel *ii/ :$;$9$ *iii/ Electric 4ehicles$ *A$( #o456ec + @/ 13$ EC1lain 2uel cell =ith a neat s'etch$ 9i4e their ad4antages and disad4antages$ 0hat is meant b" h"brid 4ehicle3 9i4e its merits$ *A$( #o456ec + @/ 1<$ 0ith a la"out diagram eC1lain the =or'ing 2eatures o2 h"brid 4ehicles$ *A$( Ma"5%une + >/ 1?$ 0rite short notes on: *i/ Electric 4ehicles$ *ii/ Bio diesel conce1t in 4ehicles *A$( Ma"5%une + >/ 16$ EC1lain the =or'ing o2 2uel cell and list out its ad4antages o4er other alternati4e 2uels$ *A$( #o456ec + >/

17$ 6iscuss the use o2 2ollo=ing alternati4e 2uels in automobile engines *i/ :;9 *ii/ Biodiesel *iii/ 8#9$ *A$( #o456ec + >/ 1@$ EC1lain the method o2 bio diesel 1roduction through transesteri2ication 1rocess$ 6iscuss the alternati4e 2uel suitable 2or com1ression ignition engine dri4en automobiles$ *A$($ A1ril5Ma" + 1 / 1>$ 0ith a bloc' diagram indicating clearl" the 1o=er 2lo= eC1lain the o1eration o2 a h"brid 4ehicle$ EC1lain the =or'ing 1rinci1le o2 2uel cell =ith a neat s'etch$ *A$($ A1ril5Ma" + 1 / + $ 6escribe the 1ro1erties o2 4egetable oil and eC1lain the 1roblems o2 using 4egetable oil in diesel engines$ 0hat is :;93 0hat are the ad4antages and disad4antages o2 using :;9 in automobiles3 *A$( #o456ec + 1 / +1$ 0hat are the di22erent t"1es o2 h"brid 4ehicle3 EC1lain the methods o2 using alcohols in 1etrol engines$ *A$( #o456ec + 1 / ++$ 6iscuss the use o2 :;9 and #atural gas in automobiles$ *A$( #o456ec + 1 / +3$ 0ith a schematic diagram eC1lain the =or'ing 1rinci1le o2 electric 4ehicle$ *A$( #o456ec + 1 /