NORMAL VS.

ABNORMAL

By: Breanna Thompson & Shay Sharp

QUESTION

What are psychological disorders?

approximately average in any psychological traits, as intelligence, personality, or emotional adjustment. free from any mental disorder; sane.

 Not

normal; deviating from the usual or typical; extraordinary - Informal odd be behavior or appearance; strange

DISORDERS
Adjustment Disorders *Anxiety Disorders *Cognitive Disorders Developmental Disorders Dissociative Disorders *Eating Disorders Factitious Disorders Impulse-Control disorders Mood disorders

ANXIETY DISORDERS
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Specific Phobias Depression Stress

GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER (GAD)

People with this disorder experience exaggerated worry and tension, often expecting the worst, even when there is no apparent reason for concern

Commonly are concerned about money, health, family, work, or other issues.

GAD affects 6.8 million adults, or 3.1% of the U.S. population, in any given year. Women are twice as likely to be affected. Treatment

They can go through therapy to understand why they have the emotions. They also can take medications

OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD)

People with OCD suffer from unwanted and intrusive thoughts that they can't seem to get out of their heads (obsessions), often compelling them to repeatedly perform ritualistic behaviors and routines (compulsions) to try and ease their anxiety.

Some spend hours at a time performing complicated rituals

Most people who seek treatment experience significant improvement and enjoy an improved quality of life. It is important to work closely with a health care professional to determine the best option.

SPECIFIC PHOBIAS

People who experience these seemingly excessive and unreasonable fears in the presence of or in anticipation of a specific object, place, or situation have a specific phobia.

Treatments are individualized and can have many different outcomes.

Although treatment is individualized, several standard approaches, particularly cognitivebehavioral therapy, have proved effective. Therapists will use one or a combination of these therapies

Depression

Stress

People experience these feelings daily or nearly daily for no apparent reason, making it difficult to carry on with normal, everyday functioning. These people may have an anxiety disorder, depression, or both. People who are highly depressed are unable to begin treatment for an anxiety disorder, which requires high motivation and energy, it may be necessary to treat the depression first

Whether in good times or bad, most people say that stress interferes at least moderately with their lives. Chronic stress can affect your health, causing symptoms from headaches, high blood pressure, and chest pain to heart palpitations, skin rashes, and loss of sleep.

Physical activity is a proven way to reduce stress. Regular participation in aerobic exercise has been shown to decrease overall levels of tension, elevate and stabilize mood, and improve sleep and selfesteem

COGNITIVE DISORDERS

Aaron Beck. In 1967, Beck designed what is known as the "cognitive model" for emotional disorders, mainly depression. Albert Ellis. In 1962, Ellis proposed that humans develop irrational beliefs/goals about the world; and therefore, create disorders in cognitive abilities

Delirium Dementia Amnesia

DELIRIUM

Delirium is a disorder that makes situational awareness and processing new information very difficult for those diagnosed. It has an onset that only lasts for periods of times.

Can be fatal

shift in attention, mood swings, violent or unordinary behaviors, and hallucinations. worsening of previous medial conditions, abuse of medications or drugs, alcohol or drug withdrawals, mental illness, severe pain, immobilization, and sleep deprivation. Medication such as antipsychotics or benzodiazepines can help reduce the symptoms for some cases.

DEMENTIA
Dementia is known as a genetic or trauma induced disorder that erases part or all of the patients memory. It is usually associated with but not restricted to the elderly. For non-reversible causes of dementia such as age, the slow decline of memory and cognition is lifelong . Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) Dementia can have numerous causes: genetics, brain trauma, stroke, and heart issues. studies suggest that diets with high Omega 3 content, low in saturated fats and sugars, along with regular exercise can increase the level of brain plasticity

AMNESIA
Amnesia patients have trouble retaining long term memories. Retrograde amnesia can be caused by damage to the hippocampus but the memories that were encoded or in the process of being encoded in long term memory are erased Amnesia can be caused by concussions, traumatic brain injuries, post-traumatic stress, and alcoholism.

difficult to treat.

The cause can be treated but not the actual amnesia.

EATING DISORDERS

An eating disorder is an illness that causes serious disturbances to your everyday diet, such as eating extremely small amounts of food or severely overeating. A person with an eating disorder may have started out just eating smaller or larger amounts of food, but at some point, the urge to eat less or more spiraled out of control.

Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Binge-eating disorder