Electrical system design

Chapter 1

The figure in the LH corner denotes the total number of circuit-breakers in the group permitted to be closed at any one time The figure in the RH corner denotes the total number of breakers in the group.

Indicates electrical interlocks between a circuitbreaker group.

Li. El ,i-

./1

5 I Or, / 4

The figure in the LH corner denotes that a maximum of 3 out of the 5 circuit-breakers with this symbol may be closed at any one time. The exception to this would be when a selected circuit-breaker is open. i.e.. the bus section, under this condition the interlock allows the remaining 4 breakers to be closed.

Indicates electrical interlocks between a circuitbreaker group.

Transformer electrical interlock.

This circuit-breaker, (HV) can only be closed if the remote circuit-breaker, (LV) is open_

This circuit-breaker can only be closed if the remote circuit-breaker is open.

Interconnector electrical interlock.

isolated and in the case of HV, earthed. To assist the operators in implementing the Safety Rules it is normal to apply a discrete coded-key procedure designed for each system. This procedure only allows access to the next stage, after the previous operation has released a coded-key which in turn has to satisfy the next set of criteria. Following the system ensures that all the necessary isolation and earthing has been achieved in accordance with the Safety Rules prior to allowing man access to plant. The choice of a maintenance interlocking scheme is largely dependent on the perceived maintenance requirement and complexity of the plant concerned. The mechanical interlocking will be based on codedkeys and key exchange boxes. The following type of mechanical interlock key facilities are available to be used: Symbol Type Function Proof of earthing key A key free only when the circuitbreaker or earthing switch or switching device where applicable is closed in either the busbar or circuit side earthing location. Removal of the key shall lock the circuit-breaker or earthing switch or switching device in the earthing location. (Key type 'Al' circuit earthing, Type 'AT busbar earthing.) Note: Although 3.3 kV circuitbreakers are provided with circuit earthing and, where specified, busbar earthing facilities; 3.3 kV fused switching devices are provided with facilities for circuit earthing only. Alternatively, a key made available by an Authorised Person after the satisfactory application of portable earths. B Permissive close key A key which, when inserted, permits the circuit-breaker or switching device to be closed and is free only when the circuit-breaker or switching device is open. Attempted removal of the key when the circuitbreaker or switching device is closed shall not cause tripping of the circuit-breaker or switching device. Alternatively for a disconnector, a

Circuit-breaker fitted with synchronising facilities, Can only be closed if supplies are synchronised.

Synchronising.

Circuit-breaker fitted with auto-synchronising facilities. Once this function has been selected the breaker will auto close when supplies are synchronised

Automatic synchrbnising

E/

This circuit-breaker (LV) can only be closed if the remote circuit breaker (HV) is closed, and supplies are synchronised.

Transtormer electrical interlock.

This circuit-breaker can only be closed if the remote circuit breaker is closed, and supplies are synchronised.

interconnector electrical interlock.

FIG. 1.50 Definition of symbols for types of interlock

Although the CEGB Safety Rules do not require mechanical interlocking, it is current policy to provide a system of coded-key interlocks to assist the operator in applying the Safety Rule requirements. The interlocking system is based on the following sequence: Isolation at all points of supply. Proof of isolation. Earthing all items of equipment. Proof of earthing. Issue of Permit for Work'. The objective is to allow safe access to electrical equipment for maintenance purposes. Access is controlled by a rigid set of Safety Rules specifically drawn up and controlled by the CEGB, under a formal Permit for Work' system. These ensure that access is denied until all electrical apparatus has been switched off,
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