Contents

Preface

Chapter 1

Fundamentals of Data Communication

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Data Communication Model 1.2 Data Communications System Tasks 1.3 Communication Network and Services 1.4 Data Communications Networkin 1.4.1 !ide"#rea Networks 1.4.2 $ocal #rea Networks 1.% &rotocols and &rotocol #rc'itectures 1.%.1 T'e (SI model 1.%.2 T'e TC&)I& model

Chapter 2

Data Transmission

2.1 Conce*ts and Terminolo y 2.1.1 Time"Domain Conce*ts 2.1.2 +re,uency Domain Conce*ts 2.2 !'y di ital communication2.3 .andwidt'/ Data rate and C'annel Ca*acity 2.3.1 Ny,uist sam*lin rate 2.3.2 S'annon C'annel Ca*acity 2.4 $ine Codin 2.% Modems and Di ital Modulation 2.0 Transmission Media 2.0.1 1uided Transmission Media 2.0.2 !ireless 23adio4 Transmission 2.5 Multi*le6in 2.5.1 +re,uency"Division Multi*le6in 2+DM4 2.5.2 Time Division Multi*le6in TDM 2.5.3 !avelen t' Division Multi*le6in 2.7 Circuit Switc'in 2.7.1 S*ace"Division Switc'es 2.7.2 Time"Division Switc'es

Chapter 3

Data Link Control

3.0 Introduction 3.1 8rror Detection 3.1.1 Sin le &arity C'eck 3.1.2 Cyclic 3edundancy C'eck 2C3C4 3.2 8rror Control mec'anisms 3.2.1 Sto*"and"!ait #39 3.2.2 1o".ack"N #39 3.2.3 Selective 3e*eat #39 3.3 +low Control 3.4 :i '"$evel Data $ink Control 2:D$C4 3.4.1 .asic C'aracteristics o; :D$C 3.4.2 :D$C +rame Structure 3.4.3 :D$C (*eration

Chapter 4

Local Area Networks and

AC Protocols

4.0 Introduction 4.1 $#N #rc'itecture 4.2 $#N To*olo ies 4.2.1 .us and Tree To*olo ies 4.2.2 3in To*olo y 4.2.3 Star To*olo y 4.3 Medium #ccess Control 4.3.1 3ound 3o<in 4.3.2 3eservation 4.3.3 Contention 4.4 M#C +rame +ormat 4.% $o ical $ink Control 4.0 $#N Systems 4.0.1 8t'ernet and +ast 8t'ernet 2CSM#)CD4 4.0.2 Token 3in 4.0.2.1 I888 702.% Medium #ccess Control 4.0.2.2 +DDI 4.5 Interconnection o; $#Ns " .rid es

Data Communication

Preface
In t'e last two decades/ t'e mer in o; com*uters and communication tec'nolo y 'as *ro;oundly c'an ed 'ow com*uters are used and or ani=ed. Modern data and com*uter communications 'as new models/ network arc'itectures/ communication *rotocols and devices. Data Communication networks are e6tremely com*le6 systems consistin o; many com*onents w'ose o*eration de*ends on many *rocesses. To understand t'em it is essential to <e e6*osed to t'e big picture of the data communication networks. :ence we start wit' a <road introduction to t'e <asic conce*ts o; modern data and com*uter communications in t'e ;irst c'a*ter. T'e student will 'ave a conte6t in w'ic' to *lace t'e various to*ics as t'ey *ro ress t'rou ' t'e later c'a*ters. T'en we start ;rom t'e very <asic o*eration involved in t'e data communication > i.e. data transmission over a transmission medium " in t'e c'a*ter two. T'e electroma netic si nal/ w'ic' is used to transmit t'e in;ormation/ is dealt wit'. ?arious transmission mediums availa<le ;or t'e si nal transmission and ways to ma6imise t'e transmission rate over t'em are covered. Conce*t o; <andwidt'/ data rates and c'annel ca*acities are e6*lained in detail. It <ecomes *ro'i<itively e6*ensive ;or im*lementation o; t'e networks i; se*arate transmission medium or c'annel 'as to <e dedicated to eac' user. T'is re,uires s'arin multi*le6in and circuit switc'in > are covered at t'e end o; c'a*ter. @n;ortunately t'e transmission medium and associated devices are *rone to introduce noise to t'e si nal resultin errors in t'e received data. T'is results in corru*tion or even loss o; data ;rames. T'ere s'ould <e some mec'anism to ;ind out w'et'er t'ere were any error introduced in to t'e data and i; so/ a mec'anism s'ould <e <uilt into t'e transmission system to overcome t'is. C'a*ter t'ree > data link control - deals wit' t'e module/ w'ic' im*lements t'ese mec'anisms. T'is module ensures t'at t'e data ;rames are received e6actly t'e way t'ey were transmitted/ in t'e same order/ wit'out any error or loss or du*lication. (t'er im*ortant as*ect o; t'is module is t'e ;low control. +low control is t'e mec'anism <y w'ic'/ receiver restricts t'e sender so t'at sender will not overw'elm it <y sendin data ;rames ;aster t'an it can *rocess Data Communication
3

o; transmission

resources amon many users. T'e tec'nolo ies used to im*lement t'is re,uirement >

t'em. C'a*ter ends wit' t'e one o; t'e most widely used *rotocol standard ;or t'ese o*erations o; t'e module >HDLC, High-Level Data Link Control protocol . Study o; t'is *rotocol will <e a ood ste**in "stone ;or t'e student as Data Communication and Computer Networks are <asically im*lemented t'rou ' t'e im*lementations o; numerous *rotocol standards de;ined <y t'e industry and standard <odies. Ne6t comes t'e issue o; interconnectin t'e communicatin systems > i.e. networkin . T'ere are various to*olo ies availa<le to interconnect t'e systems. T'e c'a*ter ;our ;ocuses on interconnection o; systems in a local area i.e. local area network (L N!. T'e arc'itectures/ di;;erent to*olo ies *ossi<le ;or t'e L N are discussed. Since $#N uses a <roadcast transmission medium w'ere"in all systems are connected to a common transmission medium/ issue o; controllin t'e access to t'e transmission medium <ecomes im*ortant. C'a*ter covers various "edium ccess Control mec'anisms t'at are used. C'a*ter also discusses t'e *o*ular $#N systems in usa e " 8t'ernet/ Token 3in / +DDI and ends wit' t'e mec'anism <y w'ic' t'e covera e o; t'e $#N is e6tended > #ridges. T'e c'a*ters are written wit' students o; .ac'elor De ree courses in mind. Study o; t'ese c'a*ters would ena<le t'e student to 'ave overall *icture o; t'e issues involved in t'e data and com*uter communication. T'e issues/ w'ic' are at t'e 'eart o; data and com*uter communication/ are dealt in detail. Study o; t'em *re*ares t'e student to t'e advanced issues t'at arises in t'e communication amon st com*uters > i.e. issues o; Computer Networks.

Data Communication