Macam macam Text Bahasa Inggris

1. PROCEDURE TEXT Social function Procedure: To help us do a task or make something. They can be a set of instructions or directions. Text organization: 1. Goals ( the final purpose of doing the instruction !. "aterials ( ingredients# utensils# e$uipment to do the instructions %. Steps ( a set of instruction to achie&e the final purpose 'anguage features : ( )se of imperati&e ( *ut++..# ,on-t mix++.. ( )se of action &erbs (turn# put ( )se of connecti&es(first# then# finally .xample text : HOW TO MAKE PEA UT CRU CH /hat you-ll need : & 1 cup of peanuts & % cups of bro0n sugar & ! tablespoons of &inegar & 1 cup of 0ater /hat to do : Place the sugar# 0ater and &inegar into a large saucepan. Stir slo0ly o&er a lo0 heat until the sugar is disol&ed 1dd peanuts # increase the heat and allo0 to boil 2emo&e from the heat 0hen the nuts ha&e craked and the mixture appears golden bro0n 1llo0 bubbles to settle Spoon into small paper patty cases or pour the mixture into a flat greased pan and mark into bite3size pieces. "akes enough Peanut *runch for six people

!. RECOU T TEXT Social function recount: To tell the readers 0hat happened in the past through a se$uence of e&ents. Generic Structure of 2ecount: 1. 4rientation ( 0ho 0ere in&ol&ed# 0hen and 0here 0as it happened !. .&ents ( tell 0hat happened in a chronological order %. 2e3orientation ( optional 5 closure of e&ents 'anguage features 2ecount: ( )se of pronouns and nouns ( ,a&id# he# she ( )se of action &erbs in past (0ent# studied ( )se of past tense ( /e 0ent for a trip to the zoo ( )se of ad&erbial phrases ( )se of ad6ecti&es .xample text : An Exc"rsi#n t# the B#tanica$ %ar&en 4n Thursday !7 1pril 0e 0ent to the 8otanical Garden. /e 0alked do0n and boarded the bus. 1fter 0e arri&ed at the garden# 0e 0alked do0n to the .ducation *entre. The third grade students 0ent to ha&e alook around. 9irst# 0e 0ent to the first farm and "rs. :ames read us some information. Then# 0e looked at all the lo&ely plants. 1fter that 0e 0ent do0n to a little spot on the 8otanical Garden and had a morning tea break. ;ext# 0e did sketching and then 0e met the fourth grade students at the .ducation *entre to ha&e lunch. Soon after that# it 0as time for us to go and make our terrariums 0hile the fourth year students 0ent to ha&e a 0alk. 1 lady took us into a special room and introduced herself. Then she explained 0hat 0e 0ere going to do. ;ext# she took us to a pyramid terrarium. <t 0as really interesting. 1fter 0e had finished# 0e met the fourth grade students outside the gardens. Then 0e reboarded the bus and returned to school.

'. ARRATI(E TEXT Social function narrati&e: To amuse or entertain the readers 0ith actual or imaginary experience in different 0ays. ;arrati&e al0ays deals 0ith some problems 0hich lead to the climax and then turn into a solution to the problem. Generic Structure ;arrati&e: 1. 4rientation ( 0ho 0as in&ol&ed# 0hen and 0here 0as it happened !. *omplication ( a problem arises and follo0ed by other problems %. 2esolution ( pro&ide solution to the problem 'anguage features ;arrati&e: ( )se of noun phrases ( a beautiful princess# a huge temple ( )se of ad&erbial phrases of time and place ( in the garden# t0o days ago ( )se of simple past tense ( =e 0alked a0ay from the &illage ( )se of action &erbs ( 0alked# slept ( )se of ad6ecti&es phrases ( long black hair .xample text : The )egen& O* +"ra,a-a 1 long time ago in .ast :a&a there 0ere t0o strong animals# Sura and 8aya. Sura 0as a shark and 8aya 0as a crocodile. They li&ed in a sea. 1ctually# they 0ere friends. 8ut 0hen they 0ere hungry# they 0ere &ery greedy. They did not 0ant to share their food. They 0ould fight for it and ne&er stop fighting until one of them ga&e up. <t 0as a &ery hot day. Sura and 8aya 0ere looking for some food. Suddenly# 8aya sa0 a goat. >?ummy# this is my lunch#@ said 8aya. >;o 0ayA This is my lunch. ?ou are greedyA < had not eaten for t0o daysA@ said Sura. Then Sura and 8aya fought again. 1fter se&eral hours# they 0ere &ery tired. Sura had a plan to stop their bad beha&ior. ><-m tired of fighting# 8aya#@ said Sura. >"e too. /hat should 0e do to stop fightingB ,o you ha&e any ideaB@ asked 8aya. >?es# < do. 'et-s share our territory. < li&e in the 0ater# so < look for food in the sea. 1nd you li&e on the land# rightB So# you look for the food also on the land. The border is the beach# so 0e 0ill ne&er meet again. ,o you agreeB@ asked Sura. >=mm... let me think about it. 4C# < agree. 9rom today# < 0ill ne&er go to the sea again. "y place is on the land#@ said 8aya. Then they both li&ed in the different places. 8ut one day# Sura 0ent to the land and looked for some food in the ri&er. =e 0as &ery hungry and there 0as not much food in the sea. 8aya 0as &ery angry 0hen he kne0 that Sura broke the promise. >=ey# 0hat are you doing hereB This is my place. ?our place is in the seaA@ >8ut# there is 0ater in the ri&er# rightB So# this is also my placeA@ said Sura.

Then Sura and 8aya fought again. They both hit each other. Sura bit 8ayaDs tail. 8aya did the same thing to Sura. =e bit &ery hard until Sura finally ga&e up. =e 0ent back to the sea. 8aya 0as &ery happy. =e had his place again. The place 0here they 0ere fighting 0as a mess. 8lood 0as e&ery0here. People then al0ays talked about the fight bet0een Sura and 8aya. They then named the place of the fight as Surabaya# it-s from Sura the shark and 8aya the crocodile. People also put their fight as the symbol of Surabaya city. .. DE+CRIPTIO TEXT Social 9unction descripti&e: To describe a particular person# place or thing. Generic Structure descripti&e: 1. <dentification (identify phenomenon to be described !. ,escription (describe parts# $ualities# characteristics 'anguage features descripti&e: ( 9ocus on specific participants ( )se of attributi&e and identifying processes ( 9re$uent use classifiers in nominal groups. ( )se of the Simple Present Tense .xample text : =i friendsA This is my friend "iranda. She comes from Sula0esi. She 0as born in "akasar on :une 1!# 1EFG. her hobbies are singing and s0imming. She also likes planting flo0ers &ery much. She li&es at 1! :alan :aya. She li&es together 0ith her parents and t0o sisters. They are "r. and "rs ?udhatama# Sherina and Tiara. "iranda studies at S"P H. =er older sister is in the first year of S"1# and Tiara is still in S,. They all lo&e one another. /. EW+ ITEM TEXT Social function ne0s item: To inform readers or listeners about e&ents of the day 0hich are considered ne0s0orthy or important. Generic structure ne0s item: 1. ;e0s 0orthy e&ent ( tells the e&ent in a summary form !. 8ackground e&ents ( elaborate 0hat happened# tell 0hat caused the incident %. Sources ( comments by participants# 0itnesses# authorities and experts in&ol&ed in the e&ent

'anguage features ne0s item: ( <nformation on the use of head lines. ( )se of action &erbs( hit# attack ( )se of saying &erbs( said# added# claimed ( )se of passi&e sentences ( 1ceh 0as hit by Tsunami in !GG7 ( )se of ad&erbs in passi&e sentences (The &ictims 0ere badly in6ured .xample text : %r#0ing "m,er #* High +ch##$ +t"&ent +m#1ing 1 sur&ey has found about 1% percent of first3time smokers in the country are 6unior high school students. <t also re&ealed FE percent of young female employees 0ere smokers. The sur&ey 0as conducted in fi&e ma6or cities across the country# including Surakarta in *entral :a&a. "uhammad Syahril "ansyur# the Surakarta =ealth 1gency-s respiratory illness di&ision# said that the finding of the sur&ey sho0ed an alarming gro0th rate of <ndonesian smokers. IThis situation is a cause for concern#@ he said. ><t appears the country-s younger generation is uneducated about the health risks of smoking.@ The <ndonesian anti3tobacco campaign has reportedly been deemed as ineffecti&e as the go&ernment refuses to sign the international con&ention on tobacco control. <t said that cigarette producers contributed to a large amount to state re&enue and ga&e 6obs to thousands of 0orkers. 2. REPORT TEXT Social function report: To describe the 0ay things are (for example: a man 3made thing# animals# plants . The things must be a representati&e of their class. Text organization report: 1. General classification (introduces the topic of the reportJtells 0hat phenomenon under discussion is. !. ,escription (tell the details of topic such as physical appearance# parts# $ualities# habitsJbeha&iour . 'anguage features report: ( )se of general nouns ( /hales# Cangaroo# *omputer ( )se of present tense(Comodo dragons usually 0eigh more than 1KG kg ( )se of beha&ioural &erbs (Snakes often sunbathe in the sun ( )se of technical terms ( /ater contains oxygen and hydrogen ( )se of relating &erbs (is# are# has

.xample text : Than1sgi3ing DaThanksgi&ing or Thanksgi&ing ,ay is a celebration of har&est# thankfulness for peace# and the attempt of ;ati&e 1mericans. <t is usually celebrated in late autumn. <n the past# Thanksgi&ing 0as celebrated for their rich har&est in ;e0 .ngland. <n ;orth 1merica# ho0e&er# it 0as originally held to thank God for their sur&i&al in the ne0 land 0hich 0as not easy for them. =o0e&er# in *anada# it had been celebrated as in ;e0 .ngland. Thanksgi&ing no0 is celebrated in )nited States of 1merica and in *anada. Thanksgi&ing festi&als are held e&ery fourth Thursday of ;o&ember in the ).S and on the second "onday of 4ctober in *anada. <t is usually celebrated in four to fi&e days in the ;orth 1merica and for three days in *anada. <t is celebrated through families and friends gathering to eat and gi&e good luck. Turkey is the main dish in the thanksgi&ing dinner. Thanksgi&ing parades are also usually held. <n Thanksgi&ing homes are decorated 0ith 0reaths# fresh and dried flo0ers. 'amps are lighted to brighten the en&ironment. Tables are decorated 0ith best china and anti$ue sil&er dishes to mark the occasion. 4. A A)5TICA) EXPO+ITIO TEXT Social function analytical exposition: To persuade the readers or the listeners that something in the case# to analyze or to explain. Generic Structure analytical exposition: 1. Thesis (usually includes a pre&ie0 argument. <t introduces topics and indicates the 0riter-s position !. 1rguments (consists of a point and elaboration se$uence. The number of points may &ary# but each must be supported by discussion and e&idence %. 2eiteration (restates the position more forcefully in the light of the arguments presented 'anguage features analytical exposition: ( .moti&e 0ords such as : alarmed# 0orried. ( /ords that $ualify statements such as: usual probably ( /ords that link arguments such as: firstly# ho0e&er# on the other hand# therefore. ( )sually present tense ( *ompound and complex sentences .xample text : Is +m#1ing %##& *#r Us6 8efore 0e are going to smoke# it is better to look at the fact. 1bout LG thousands people die e&ery year in 8ritain as direct result of smoking. This is se&en times as many as die in road accidents. ;early a $uarter of smokers die because of diseases caused by smoking.

;inety percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking. <f 0e smoke fi&e cigarettes a day# 0e are six times more likely to die of lung cancer than a non smoker. <f 0e smoke t0enty cigarettes a day# the risk is nineteen greater. ;inety fi&e percent of people 0ho suffer of bronchitis are people 0ho are smoking. Smokers are t0o and half times more likely to die of heart disease than non smokers. 1dditionally# children of smoker are more likely to de&elop bronchitis and pneumonia. <n one hour in smoky room# non smoker breathes as much as substance causing cancer as if he had smoked fifteen cigarettes. Smoking is really good for tobacco companies because they do make much money from smoking habit. Smoking ho0e&er is not good for e&ery body else. 7. +POO8 TEXT Social function spoof: To tell an e&ent 0ith a humorous t0ist. Generic structure spoof text: 1. 4rientation (0ho 0ere in&ol&ed# 0hen and 0here 0as happened !. .&ents ( tell 0hat happened in a chronological order %. T0ist (pro&ide the funniest part of the story 'anguage features spoof: ( )se of connecti&es (first# then# finally ( )se of ad&erbial phrases of time and place (in the garden# t0o days ago ( )se of simple past tense (he 0alked a0ay from the &illage .xample text : 4nce )pon 1 Time % (three 0omen (people of :a&a# "anado and Papua to fly from :ayapura to :akarta. Suddenly the plane trip amid shaky and it feels like fall. <nstantly :a&anese 0oman had taken the po0der and lipstick to dress up pretty# her friend on the confused and asked# >/hy ko$ groomingB@ =e said# >4rdinary if the plane 0ould fall that first helped her the most beautiful.@ 1ehhh "enado 0oman next to them .. can not accept# then she lift her skirt up high. 9riend next to them asked# >/hy do you lift the skirt up high soB@ =e replied# >4rdinary 0hen the first plane crash that helped her 0hite thighs and 0hite. > =ehhh .. Papuan 0omen are emotional to hear the t0o friends next to them babble. She then undressed and naked bulattt + .. +. e&erything 0as black. =is t0o friends 0ere surprised and asked# >/hy so nakedB@ /ith lightly he replied# >)sually if a plane crashes the most sought my first 8'1*C 84M.@

9. HORTATOR5 EXPO+ITIO TEXT Social function hortatory exposition: To persuade the readers or the listeners that something should or should not be the case. Generic structure hortatory exposition: 1. Thesis ( stating an issue of concern !. 1rguments ( gi&ing reasons for concern# leading recommendation %. 2ecommendation (stating 0hat ought or ought not to happen 'anguage features hortatory exposition: ( .moti&e 0ords: alarmed# 0orried ( /ords that $ualify statements: usual probably ( /ords that link arguments: firstly# ho0e&er# on the other hand# therefore ( )sually present tense ( *ompound and complex sentences ( "odal auxiliary: can# may# should# must .xample text : Where +h#"$& Be a*ter High +ch##$6 The ;ational examination result 0ill be publicly enounced in next short time. .uphoria 0ill flood for those 0ho get success. <n the other hand# <t 0ill be sorry to hear that there are some of them do not succeed in their national final examination. 9or those 0ho succeed soon 0ill think to decideN 0here 0ill they be after graduating high schoolB 1ctually it 0ill be easy to decide for those has been arranged and thought earlier but for those ha&e not planed yet# it 0ill be $uite confusing. *ontinuing study or looking for 0ork is the primary choice among them. /hen they think about continuing study# they 0ill think hard about the time and cost. =o0 long the higher study 0ill lastB 1nd ho0 high is about the cost. <n the same 0ay# 0hen they think about straightly seeking 6ob# 0hat skill and competence they ha&e got is a big matter of $uestioning. So# doing both choices in the same time is an alternati&e. *ontinuing study as 0ell as seeking 6ob is possibly done but it 0ill be hard for them. *on&entionally studying in the uni&ersity needs much time to spend especially in the first year. <t is true because they ha&e to do and adapt a lot of things in their ne0 higher school. it 0ill be &ery hard to looking for 6ob. Therefore it should come to their mind of continuing studying at higher school from their o0n home. 1s result# the a&ailable time 0ill be more flexible for them. Then it 0ill be &ery possible to seek 6ob and get the appropriate one. This type of studying is publicly kno0n as distance learning. 1s the alternati&e method of studying# besides the con&entional studying 0hich students and the lecturer ha&e to meet in the fixed time and place regularly# distance learning pro&ides possibility to gro0 better. Possibly 0orking and studying surely 0ill create high $uality graduate. ,istance learning should appear as a considerable choice for them. 1:. EXP)A ATIO TEXT

Social function explanation: To explain the process in&ol&ed in the formation or 0orking of natural or socio cultural phenomena Generic structure explanation: 1. 1 general statement to position the reader !. 1 se$uenced explanation of 0hy or ho0 something occurs %. *losing 'anguage features explanation: ( 9ocus on generic# non3human participants. ( )se mainly of general and abstract nouns# action &erbs# simple present tense# passi&e &oice# con6unction of time and cause# noun phrases# complex sentences# and technical language. .xample text : The Pr#cess #* Rain /ater in the earth is kept in many places like the ocean# the ocean# the ri&er and the lake. 8ut donDt be 0rong# the plants lea&es and the land also kept 0ater. .ach day# this 0ater 0ill e&aporate 0ith help of the sun. The process 0here 0ater e&aporates from plants is called transpiration. 1fter0ards the &apour 0ill experience the process of condensation 0here the &apour 0ill condense and turn into a cloud. The form of the cloud al0ays changes according to 0eather conditions. The clouds 0ill mo&e to different locations 0ith the help of 0ind that bello0s &ertically or horizontally. The mo&ement of the &ertical 0ind results in the cloud forming big DlumpsD. 1fter that# the 0ind increases the size of the cloud and each cloud 0ill o&erlap. 9inally the cloud 0ill reach the atmosphere that has a lo0er temperature. =ere the particles of 0ater and ice is formed. .&entually# the 0ind can not support the 0eight of the cloud and so the cloud that is full 0ith 0ater 0ill experience a process called precipitation or the process 0here rain or hail falls to earth. 11. DI+CU++IO TEXT Social function discussion: To present information and opinions about more than one side of an issue (>for@ points >against@ points Generic structure discussion: 1. 4pening statement presenting the issue !. 1rguments or e&idence for different points of &ie0 ( pros and cons %. *oncluding recommendation 'anguage features discussion: ( )se of general nouns: alcohol# abortion# smoking# etc.

( )se of relating &erbs: is# are# etc. ( )se of thinking &erbs: think# feel# hope belie&e# etc. ( )se of additi&e connecti&es: addition# furthermore# besides# etc. ( )se of contrasti&e connecti&es: although# e&en# if# ne&ertheless# etc. ( )se of causal connecti&es: because# because of# etc. ( )se of modal auxiliary: must# should# etc. ( )se of ad&erbial manner: hopefully. .xample text : ati#na$ Exam; Pr# an& C#ntra6 ;ational exam becomes the hot topic in most of discussions. Though the Supreme *ourt has re6ected an appeal by the go3&ernment on the organization of the national exams# the contro&ersy o&er 0hether it is necessary to maintain the national exams (); has continued. Some debates include the primary $uestions such asN does the $uality of <ndonesia education depend on the national examB# 0ill the $uality of the <ndonesian education system 0orsen 0ithout natipnal examB People# 0ho support the national exam explain that the $uality of the <ndonesia education system 0ill drop 0ithout the national exam# so they try to defend the current system. =oe&er there are people 0ho disagree 0ith the opinion. Those 0ho against this national exam kept in our high school education say that it doesnDt need the national exams because the $uality of education does not 6ust depend on the national exam. 9urther# the national exam only measures a small portion of studentsD competence in specific sub6ects# and does not measure studentsD competences throughout the semester. <n fact# the national examination can still be useful as an instrument to e&aluate or detect the le&el of studentsD cogniti&e competence in se&eral sub6ects# on a national scale.

1!. RE(IEW TEXT Social function re&ie0: To criti$ue an art 0ork or e&ent for a public audience Generic structure re&ie0: 1. 4rientation ( background information on the text !. .&aluation ( concluding statement : 6udgment# opinion# or recommendation. <t can consist of more than one. %. <nterpretati&e 2ecount ( summary of an art 0orks including characters and plot . 7. .&aluati&e summation: the last opinion consisting the appraisal or the punch line of the art 0orks being criticized.

'anguage features re&ie0: ( 9ocus on specific participants ( )se of ad6ecti&es ( )se of long and complex clauses ( )se of metaphor ( 2e&ie0s are used to summarize# analyze and respond to art 0orks. They may include: mo&ie# TO sho0s# books# plays# concerts# etc. .xample text : The Karate Ki& There-s a lot of ne0 1merican mo&ie that remake by the old mo&ie.4ne of them is The Carate Cid.This mo&ie is the remakes of the old mo&ie 0ith the same title that made in 1EF7. 9ans of :ackie *han#:aden Smith and Tara6i =anson 0ill be able to see their idols acting in this mo&ie.The Carate Cid directed by =erald P0art and the story 0ritten by *hristopher "urphey and 2obert "ark Camen. ,re Parker (:aden Smith is a 1!3year3old boy 0ho li&es in ,etroit. 4ne day his mother# Sherry (Tara6i =enson # mo&ed to *hina# so that ,re follo0ed his mother to mo&e to *hina. 1lthough at first time he felt dislike 0ith that country and 0anted to get back to 1merica# but ,re began to change 0hen he met a girl named "ay ?ing (=an /en0en . 8oth familiarity# made *heng (Phen0ei /ang # a friend of "ay# did not accept. /ith his kung fu ability# he defeated ,re. ,re al0ays be distrubed by *heng# until one day he met 0ith "r *heng =an (:ackie *han # 0ho 0orked as a custodian officer cleanliness in the apartment 0here ,re and his mother li&ed# help him. /hen ,re kne0 that "r.=an has a kung fu ability#he asked "r.=an to teach him.1t the first time#"r.=an re6ected#but in the end he 0anted to teach him 0ith reser&ations#that ,re had to follo0 the ;ational Cung 9u "atch that 0ill held a fe0 months later#he had to get battle 0ith *heng and his friends. The mo&ie that produced by *olumbia Picture is better than the old mo&ie because the story has a lot of funny moments and the setting is 0onderful. < think 0e should be gi&en a thumbs for the director# =arald P0art# because he succesed to managed the display the beauty of *hina besides the 0all of *hina. 8ut 1lso for "ay ?ing character 0ho# although not so pretty# but she gi&es the nuances of *hina in The Carate Cid. The actress brings out this aspect of the mo&ie beautifully. < think#some scenes in this mo&ie that sho0 0hen ,re had been hit by *heng is little bit boring and ,re-s expression didn-t sho0 ho0 pain the moment. 4&erall#The Carate kid is the excellent mo&ie that you should 0atch.The plot is nice.1ll of the characters are de&eloped so 0ell.There-s a humor on that mo&ie.The only one that < can say >/atch the Carate Cid@.?ou shouldn-t disappointed 0hen you 0atch it.