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Hello, students! Ol, alunos! Antes de iniciarmos a aula de hoje, um aviso: atendendo a pedidos, ser disponibilizada neste curso uma aula extra de VERSO (transformao de um texto da nossa lngua para outro idioma). Sei que muitos tentaro tambm a prova do MDIC que cobra o assunto. Sendo assim, o material extra criado para tal certame tambm ser oferecido aos alunos deste curso. Espero que tenham gostado da novidade. Ok... lets get back to business. Ok voltemos ao trabalho. Vejamos as provas que estudaremos nesta aula: Aula 03: Analista administrativo ANA ESAF 2009. Especialista em Polticas Pblicas e Gesto Governamental MPOG ESAF 2009
PROVA
Banco de provas
Your answers to questions 13 to 16 must be based on the article below entitled The accidental environmentalists: The accidental environmentalists
Source: www.economist.com Dec, 11th 2008 (Adapted)
More destructive hurricanes, shrinking forests, melting glaciers, disappearing animals: the prospective damage to Latin America and the Caribbean from climate change makes for grim reading. A new World Bank report, timed to coincide with a United Nations conference in Poland, tries to put numbers to the potential economic cost. By taking the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes predictions for what the planet might feel like in 2100 and then overlaying data from several thousand farms situated in regions of varying heat and dryness, it is possible to make some informed guesses about what the effect on crop yields, and therefore on GDP, would be if temperatures rose and rainfall fell. Some Latin countries are already doing things to reduce net carbon emissions that put them ahead of governments elsewhere. Much of the regions power comes from hydroelectricity and biofuels. The result is that emissions of carbon dioxide per unit of power are 74% lower than in India and China. There are obstacles to taking these policies further. In Brazil, plans for more hydroelectric dams in the Amazon are opposed by some environmentalists; they claim the resulting ooding of forest prompts methane-producing rotting vegetation.
a) are unacceptably high in relation to other countries. b) are considerably lower than those of India and China. c) have increased signicantly over the last few decades. d) are being tackled through the construction of new capacity. e) need to be reduced by around 74% as soon as possible. 15- In relation to the constructions of hydroelectric dams in the Amazon, some environmentalists a) support and supervise them. b) have prevented them. c) devised a number of them. d) do not approve of them. do not approve of them. e) take part in their initial plan. take part in their initial plan.
b) a likely cut in carbon dioxide emissions. c) the increase of carbon emissions. d) reductions in gas emissions in China. e) the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.
Your answers to questions 17 to 20 must be based on the article below entitled Looming water crisis simply a management problem:
Todays focus on the credit crisis and rising prices for food and oil has temporarily put another global scarcity in the shade: water. The UN predicts that by 2025, two-thirds of us will experience water shortages, with severe lack of water blighting the lives and livelihoods of 1.8 billion. According to the UN World Water Assessment Programme, by 2050, 7 billion people in 60 countries may have to cope with water scarcity. At this years World Economic Forum, UN secretary-general Ban Ki-moon recommended that water scarcity should be at the top of the international agenda. As the global economy grows, so will its thirst, he said, warning of a future marred by conicts over water.
Your answers to questions 13 to 16 must be based on the article below entitled The accidental environmentalists: Suas respostas s perguntas 13 a 16 devem se basear no artigo abaixo, intitulado "Os ambientalistas acidentais":
More destructive hurricanes, shrinking forests, melting glaciers, disappearing animals: the prospective damage to Latin America and the Caribbean from climate change makes for grim reading. A new World Bank report, timed to coincide with a United Nations conference in Poland, tries to put numbers to the potential economic cost. By taking the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes predictions for what the planet might feel like in 2100 and then overlaying data from several thousand farms situated in regions of varying heat and dryness, it is possible to make some informed guesses about what the effect on crop yields, and therefore on GDP, would be if temperatures rose and rainfall fell. Furaces mais destrutivos, florestas encolhendo, derretimento de geleiras, animais que desaparecem: o dano potencial para a Amrica Latina e o Caribe da mudana climtica rende uma leitura sombria. O novo relatrio do Banco Mundial, programada para coincidir com uma conferncia das Naes Unidas na Polnia, tenta colocar nmeros no potencial custo econmico. Ao tomar as previses do Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanas Climticas do que o planeta possa ser em 2100 e, em seguida, sobrepondo os dados de vrias milhares de fazendas situadas em regies de calor e secura variveis, possvel fazer algumas informadas suposies sobre o que o efeito sobre rendimento das culturas e, portanto, sobre o PIB, seria se as temperaturas subissem e as chuvas cassem.
Uma palavra que aparece bastante em provas FIGURES como sinnimo de NUMBERS. Conheam-na melhor:
Algarismo Cifra Nmero Preo Valor Quantia Importncia
Afirmar que o relatrio (report) tenta colocar em nmeros (tries to put numbers) o potencial custo econmico (the potential economic cost) da mudana de clima (climate change) o mesmo que dizer que nmeros, valores, cifras (figures) sero apresentados (are going to be presented). Letra A. 14- In some Latin American countries, carbon dioxide emissions per unit of power Em alguns pases da Amrica Latina, as emisses de dixido de carbono por unidade de energia a) are unacceptably high in relation to other countries. so inaceitavelmente altas em relao a outros pases. b) are considerably lower than those of India and China. so consideravelmente mais baixas do que aquelas da ndia e da China. c) have increased signicantly over the last few decades. tm aumentado significativamente ao longo das ltimas dcadas.
Vamos ao trecho:
Some Latin countries are already doing things to reduce net carbon emissions that put them ahead of governments elsewhere. Much of the regions power comes from hydroelectricity and biofuels. The result is that emissions of carbon dioxide per unit of power are 74% lower than in India and China. Alguns pases latinos j esto fazendo coisas para reduzir as emisses lquidas de carbono que os colocam frente de governos de outros lugares. Muito da energia da regio vem da hidroeletricidade e biocombustveis. O resultado que as emisses de dixido de carbono por unidade de energia so 74% menores do que na ndia e China.
some Latin countries considerably lower than India and China alguns pases latinos consideravelmente mais baixo do que ndia e China
Letra B.
Todays focus on the credit crisis and rising prices for food and oil has temporarily put another global scarcity in the shade: water. The UN predicts that by 2025, two-thirds of us will experience water shortages, with severe lack of water blighting the lives and livelihoods of 1.8 billion. According to the UN World Water Assessment Programme, by 2050, 7 billion people in 60 countries may have to cope with water scarcity. At this years World Economic Forum, UN secretary-general Ban Ki-moon recommended that water scarcity should be at the top of the international agenda. As the global economy grows, so will its thirst, he said, warning of a future marred by conflicts over water. Hoje o foco na crise do crdito e no aumento de preos dos alimentos e do petrleo temporariamente colocou outra escassez global na sombra: a gua. A ONU prev que em 2025, dois teros de ns iro experimentar a escassez de gua, com grave falta de gua arruinando as vidas e o sustento de 1,8 bilho. De acordo com o Programa das Naes Unidas de Avaliao Mundial da gua, em 2050, 7 bilhes de pessoas em 60 pases podero ter de lidar com a escassez de gua. No Frum Econmico Mundial deste ano, o secretrio-geral Ban Ki-moon recomendou que a escassez de gua deva estar no topo da agenda internacional. " medida que a economia mundial cresce, tambm cresce a sua sede", disse ele, alertando para um futuro marcado por conflitos pela gua. There is no doubt that we need to rethink how we use water, especially with the human population growing rapidly, and global warming likely to produce unpredictable patterns of rainfall and drought. Nevertheless, my own research suggests that the situation may not be as dire as many are suggesting. Nations can thrive on surprisingly meagre quantities of fresh water provided they adopt 13 Profa. Gabriela Knoblauch www.pontodosconcursos.com.br
TO FORESSE:
Prever Antever Calcular Pressupor Pressagiar
Para encontrar a resposta, bastava que o candidato conhecesse o significado do verbo TO PREDICT (cognato), a projeo para o futuro (2025) e quaisquer dos 3 termos abaixo que indicam a falta de gua:
predicts, 2025, water shortages, severe lack of water, water scarcity prev, 2025, escassez de gua, grave falta de gua, escassez de gua
Letra A.
MARRED:
CLOUDED:
19- In paragraph 2, the author says that based on his own research, the situation No pargrafo 2, o autor diz que baseado em sua prpria pesquisa, a situao a) should have been resolved. deveria ter sido resolvida. b) must be promptly addressed. deve ser prontamente tratada. c) could have been hindered. poderia ter sido dificultada. d) may bring about catastrophic shifts. pode acarretar mudanas catastrficas. e) might not be so severe. pode no ser to grave. Vamos rever o que o autor nos diz:
There is no doubt that we need to rethink how we use water, especially with the human population growing rapidly, and global warming likely to produce unpredictable patterns of rainfall and drought. Nevertheless, my own research suggests that the situation may not be as dire as many are suggesting. Nations can thrive on surprisingly meagre quantities of fresh water provided they adopt water-efcient technologies and encourage economic activity that does not guzzle water. I believe the looming water crisis is primarily a problem of distribution and management rather than supply. And we can solve it with existing technologies, increased investment and political will. No h dvida de que precisamos repensar a forma como usamos a gua, especialmente com a populao humana crescendo rapidamente, e o aquecimento global que provavelmente ir produzir padres imprevisveis de chuva e de seca.
the situation may not be as dire as many are suggesting a situao pode no ser to terrvel como muitos esto sugerindo = might not be so severe pode no ser to grave
Letra E. 20- In paragraph 2, the author implies that the problem of distribution and management of water is No pargrafo 2, o autor deixa implcito que o problema de distribuio e gesto de gua a) overestimated. superestimado. b) paramount. de suma importncia. c) marginal. marginal. d) extraneous. irrelevante. e) secondary. secundrio. 18 Profa. Gabriela Knoblauch www.pontodosconcursos.com.br
There is no doubt that we need to rethink how we use water, especially with the human population growing rapidly, and global warming likely to produce unpredictable patterns of rainfall and drought. Nevertheless, my own research suggests that the situation may not be as dire as many are suggesting. Nations can thrive on surprisingly meagre quantities of fresh water provided they adopt water-efcient technologies and encourage economic activity that does not guzzle water. I believe the looming water crisis is primarily a problem of distribution and management rather than supply. And we can solve it with existing technologies, increased investment and political will. No h dvida de que precisamos repensar a forma como usamos a gua, especialmente com a populao humana crescendo rapidamente, e o aquecimento global que provavelmente ir produzir padres imprevisveis de chuva e de seca. No entanto, a minha prpria pesquisa sugere que a situao pode no ser to terrvel como muitos esto sugerindo. Naes podem prosperar com quantidades surpreendentemente escassas de gua doce - desde que adotem tecnologias eficientes em termos de gua e encorajem a atividade econmica que no esbanje gua. Eu acredito que a iminente crise de gua principalmente um problema de distribuio e gesto em vez de oferta. E ns podemos resolv-lo com as tecnologias existentes, maior investimento e vontade poltica.
A distribuio (distribution) e gesto (management) da gua o cerne do problema da escassez. No incio do trecho acima o autor explica o quo importante repensar (rethink) a forma como usamos a gua. Assim, podemos extrair do texto que as questes relativas distribuio e gesto da gua so de suma importncia (paramount). Letra B.
PROVA
Banco de provas
Read part of the interview below entitled Faith-based politics in order to answer questions 21 to 24:
Faith-based politics
Source: Newsweek Magazine (Adapted) May 25th 2009
Tony Blair, Britains longest-serving Labour Prime Minister, left office in 2007 as a relatively young man of 54. At his office in London, Blair spoke to NEWSWEEKs Stryker McGuire. Excerpts: Question 1: Theres much evidence that religious beliefs have been a force for evil in the world. How do you persuade people to put faith in faith? Many people do see faith as a source of division and conflict. There is another side that the world of faith isnt often good enough at putting forward which is about compassion, solidarity, social justice. Question 2: How do you think President Barack Obama is doing as a leader and healer on the world scene? Hes created a situation where there is a possibility of a completely different form of engagement with the world of Islam and with the outside world. The single most important thing for him is that his decision to reach out is answered by the rest of the world by a decision to reach back. As I keep saying to people, he doesnt want cheerleaders; he wants partners. You know, he doesnt want people to tell him how great he is; hes perfectly well aware of the transient nature of all that fluff, as it were, around the new president and the first hundred days. Hes trying to change the world in partnership, and he needs partners to do it. 20 Profa. Gabriela Knoblauch www.pontodosconcursos.com.br
According to the IMFs Mr Felman, in early 2008 all the contribution of investment to growth came from non-state-owned enterprises, mostly the private sector; since December 2008, more than half has come from state-owned enterprises. Something similar is happening in Brazil. Between last September and this January credit from foreignowned and domestic private banks rose by 3%; credit from public banks rose by 14%. The beneficiaries seem to be large firms, where loans are growing four times as quickly as at small ones. It is not clear how far, in the long run, the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China) will be affected by a big rise in the size of the government and large state-owned firms. But that rise is probably inevitable. China and, to a lesser extent, Brazil and India, benefited hugely from Americas appetite for imports in 2000-08. That appetite has fallen and is likely to remain low for years, as American consumers adjust their spending and savings habits. The rise may also be difficult to reverse: the experience of the West has been that the public sector expands relentlessly until it reaches between 40% and 50% of GDP (Gross Domestic Product). But if the BRICs cannot export their way out of recession, the expansion of government is the main alternative to the slump being endured in those other big capital exporters.
Faith-based politics
Poltica baseada na f
Source: Newsweek Magazine (Adapted) May 25th 2009
Tony Blair, Britains longest-serving Labour Prime Minister, left office in 2007 as a relatively young man of 54. At his office in London, Blair spoke to NEWSWEEKs Stryker McGuire. Excerpts: Tony Blair, o primeiro-ministro do Partido do Trabalho da GrBretanha que serviu por mais tempo, deixou o cargo em 2007 como um homem relativamente jovem, aos 54. Em seu escritrio em Londres, Blair falou com Stryker McGuire da NEWSWEEK. Trechos: Question 1: Theres much evidence that religious beliefs have been a force for evil in the world. How do you persuade people to put faith in faith? Pergunta 1: H muita evidncia de que as crenas religiosas tm sido uma fora para o mal no mundo. Como persuadir as pessoas a ter f na f? Many people do see faith as a source of division and conflict. There is another side that the world of faith isnt often good enough at putting forward which is about compassion, solidarity, social justice. Muitas pessoas realmente vem a f como uma fonte de diviso e conflito. H um outro lado que o mundo da f no muitas vezes bom o suficiente em apresentar - que sobre a compaixo, a solidariedade, a justia social.
21- In his answer to question 1, Mr Blair Em sua resposta pergunta 1, o Sr. Blair a) disregards the role played by faith. ignora o papel desempenhado pela f. b) excludes faith from his analysis. exclui a f de sua anlise. c) defines faith as a source of division. define a f como uma fonte de diviso.
Question 1: Theres much evidence that religious beliefs have been a force for evil in the world. How do you persuade people to put faith in faith? Pergunta 1: H muita evidncia de que as crenas religiosas tm sido uma fora para o mal no mundo. Como persuadir as pessoas a ter f na f? Many people do see faith as a source of division and conflict. There is another side that the world of faith isnt often good enough at putting forward which is about compassion, solidarity, social justice. Muitas pessoas realmente vem a f como uma fonte de diviso e conflito. H um outro lado que o mundo da f no muitas vezes bom o suficiente em apresentar - que sobre a compaixo, a solidariedade, a justia social.
Quando Blair fala em outro lado (another side) da f (faith), ele cita trs aspectos: 1. Compaixo (compassion) 2. Solidarity (solidariedade) 3. Social justice (justia social) Logo, aponta para (points to) outros aspectos da f. Letra D. Vocs podem ter tido dvidas nas letras C e E. Vejamos o erro dessas assertivas. Letra C No Tony Blair que considera a f como fonte de diviso (source of division). Ele apenas diz que muitas pessoas a enxergam dessa forma. No necessariamente ele tambm pensa assim. Letra E Quem fala da f como uma fonte de mal (source of evil) o entrevistador quando fala que evidncias apontam para isso - e no Mr. Blair. 28 Profa. Gabriela Knoblauch www.pontodosconcursos.com.br
TO PUT FORWARD
Ressalto ainda a importncia de entendermos bem o sentido dos seguintes verbos: TO EMBRACE:
Abraar Adotar Seguir Admitir Aceitar Incluir
TO PROPOUND:
Expor Apresentar Propor
Letra B.
23- In his answer to question 2, Mr Blair says that President Barack Obama is perfectly well aware of the transient nature of all that fluff. In other words, the US President Em sua resposta pergunta 2, o Sr. Blair diz que o Presidente Barack Obama ele perfeitamente consciente da natureza transitria de todas essas firulas. Em outras palavras, o Presidente dos EUA a) believes its characteristics are lasting. acredita que suas caractersticas so duradouras. b) understands its ephemeral nature. entende sua natureza efmera. c) feels fluff is a sensitive issue. sente que firula um assunto delicado. d) underestimates the intensity of flattery. subestima a intensidade do elogio. e) conceives fluff as naturally unique. entende firula como naturalmente nica. Vamos explorar o significado das palavras-chave para resolver a questo: AWARE
Ciente
TRANSIENT = EPHEMERAL
Viram que fcil? Questo cheia de cognatos. Demandou pouqussimo conhecimento de ingls. Letra C. 24- In Mr Blairs view, President Barack Obama Na viso do Sr. Blair, o Presidente Barack Obama a) ought to have sought partnership. deveria ter buscado parceria. b) wants to be approved and praised. quer ser aprovado e elogiado. c) should consider building partnerships. deve considerar a construo de parcerias. d) must prioritise some religious issues. deve priorizar algumas questes religiosas. e) is seeking partnership. est buscando parceria. 31 Profa. Gabriela Knoblauch www.pontodosconcursos.com.br
O verbo TO WANT (querer) est no presente. Obama quer parceiros hoje. Logo, est buscando (seeking) parceria (partnership). Letra E.
Read the text below which is entitled Economic recovery: the case of the BRICs in order to answer questions 25 to 27: Leia o texto abaixo que intitulado "A recuperao econmica: o caso dos BRICs", a fim de responder s perguntas 25 a 27:
According to the IMFs Mr Felman, in early 2008 all the contribution of investment to growth came from non-state-owned enterprises, mostly the private sector; since December 2008, more than half has come from state-owned enterprises. Something similar is happening in Brazil. Between last September and this January credit from foreignowned and domestic private banks rose by 3%; credit from public banks rose by 14%. The beneficiaries seem to be large firms, where loans are growing four times as quickly as at small ones. 32 Profa. Gabriela Knoblauch www.pontodosconcursos.com.br
Vejamos:
According to the IMFs Mr Felman, in early 2008 all the contribution of investment to growth came from non-state-owned enterprises, mostly the private sector; since December 2008, more than half has come from stateowned enterprises. De acordo com o Sr. Felman do FMI, no incio de 2008 toda a contribuio do investimento para o crescimento veio de empresas no estatais, principalmente do setor privado; desde dezembro de 2008, mais da metade veio de empresas estatais.
TO OWN
Possuir
NON-STATE-OWNED
MOSTLY
Se, em 2008, parte do investimento veio do setor estatal (stateowned enterprises) e parte do setor privado (private sector), fica fcil perceber que o investimento no veio de uma s fonte (single source). Letra C.
26- According to paragraph 2, a big rise in the size of the government in the BRICs seems to be De acordo com o pargrafo 2, um grande aumento no tamanho do governo nos BRICs parece ser a) controllable. controlvel. b) undesirable. indesejado. c) threatening. ameaador. d) unavoidable. inevitvel. e) unlikely. improvvel.
Vamos aproveitar a questo para estudarmos os prefixos e sufixos (veja quadro-resumo ao final da aula). Trs das cinco alternativas apresentam o prefixo UN, que transmite a ideia de negao. Sendo assim:
UN (no) + desirable (desejvel) = indesejvel UN (no) + avoidable (evitvel) = inevitvel UN (no) + likely (provvel) = improvvel probably inevitable = seems to be unavoidable provavelmente inevitvel = parece ser inevitvel
Letra D. 27- According to paragraph 2, the quantity of goods imported by the USA has De acordo com o pargrafo 2, a quantidade de bens importados pelos EUA a) decreased. diminuiu. b) grown. cresceu. c) abounded. abundou. d) risen. subiu. e) halved. reduziu-se metade. 36 Profa. Gabriela Knoblauch www.pontodosconcursos.com.br
China and, to a lesser extent, Brazil and India, benefited hugely from Americas appetite for imports in 2000-08. That appetite has fallen and is likely to remain low for years, as American consumers adjust their spending and savings habits. China e, em menor medida, Brasil e ndia, beneficiaram-se enormemente do apetite da Amrica por importaes em 2000-08. Esse apetite diminuiu e provvel que se mantenha baixo por anos, enquanto os consumidores americanos ajustam seus gastos e hbitos de poupana.
J vimos no Memorex movimentao em nossa aula demo os verbos que aparecem bastante em provas. Aquele quadrinho resolve essa questo.
TO FALL = TO DECREASE cair = diminuir, decrescer
Letra A.
Read the text below entitled Happy new year so as to answer questions 28 to 30: Leia o texto abaixo intitulado Feliz Ano Novo para responder s questes 28 a 30:
The mantra in Washington, DC is simple: spend billions now, pay later. Congress has been crafting ambitious plans for energy, health care and transport. But the mood in state capitals has been different. Fortysix states had a deadline of June 30th to pass their budgets. Just as important, those budgets had to be balanced. With the sole exemption of Vermont, Americas state governments, unlike the federal one, are not allowed to run deficits. June was an agonizing month. O mantra em Washington, DC simples: gastar bilhes agora, pagar depois. O Congresso tem elaborado planos ambiciosos para a energia, sade e transporte. Mas o clima nas capitais dos estados tem sido diferente. Quarenta e seis estados tiveram um prazo at 30 de junho 37 Profa. Gabriela Knoblauch www.pontodosconcursos.com.br
AGONIZING
WORRYING
UPSETTING
Mais uma vez, resuminho de MODAIS a postos para resolver a questo. Vamos ao vocabulrio: GLUM
De mau humor Carrancudo Sombrio Abatido
DISAPPOINTED
Desapontado Frustrado
SAD
HAD REASON TO BE = WERE UNDERSTANDABLY tinham razo para estar = estavam compreensivelmente
Matters would be worse if it were not for Washingtons stimulus package, which provides more than $135 billion to support state budgets. Most money, $87 billion, is for Medicaid, the governments health-care programme for the poor. A further $48 billion created a State Fiscal Stabilisation Fund, mostly for schools and universities. Questes seriam piores se no fosse pelo pacote de estmulo de Washington, que fornece mais de US$135 bilhes para apoiar os oramentos estaduais. A maioria do dinheiro, US$ 87 bilhes, para o Medicaid, o programa do governo de servios de sade para os pobres. Mais US$48 bilhes criaram um Fundo de Estabilizao Fiscal do Estado, principalmente para escolas e universidades.
TRADUO
Banco de vocabulrio
A B
at least beliefs below biofuel budget carbon emissions commerce consumer cost credit crisis cuts dam damage deadline dire domestic doubt drought enterprise environmentalists evidence excerpt exemption export faith far fashion fee firm
pelo menos crenas abaixo biocombustvel oramento emisses de carbono comrcio consumidor custo crise do crdito cortes represa dano prazo terrvel nacional dvida seca empresa, empreendimento ambientalistas evidncia trecho exceo exportao f longe moda taxa empresa, firma 45 www.pontodosconcursos.com.br
G H
L M O
to change
to leave
to P to to to R to S to T to to W to
Expresses idiomticas long run grim reading longo prazo leitura sombria 47 Profa. Gabriela Knoblauch www.pontodosconcursos.com.br
PREFIXOS
amoral asymmetry atheist (amoral) (assimetria) (ateu)
a-
Possui a mesma escrita e sentido em Portugus. Indica falta de, sem. disconnect dislike disobey (desconectar) (desgostar) (desobedecer)
dis-
inilimir-
Possuem a mesma escrita e sentido em Portugus. Tm sentido de no. non-smoker non-perishable non-politician Equivale a no- oversleep overload overflow overdose (dormir mais do que o necessrio) (sobrecarregar) (inundar) (dose excessiva) (no-fumante) (no-perecvel) (no-poltico)
non-
over-
Mais do que o normal, mais do que o necessrio, excessivo. unwelcome unpleasant unemployed unexpected unfair (indesejvel) (desagradvel) (desempregado) (inesperado) (injusto)
un-
-able
Equivale ao nosso -vel ou vel. Indica capacidade ou merecimento analyzer cleaner driver Significa o agente da ao colorful painful powerful Significa cheio de, tendo childhood fatherhood motherhood neighborhood Significa o estado de ser ability complexity sincerity Equivale ao nosso -idade abruptly skillfully wisely Equivale ao nosso -mente awareness emptiness richness weakness (conscincia) (vazio) (riqueza) (fraqueza) (abruptamente) (habilidosamente) (sabiamente, prudentemente) (habilidade, capacidade) (complexidade) (sinceridade) (infncia) (paternidade) (maternidade) (vizinhana) (colorido, cheio de cor) (doloroso, cheio de dor) (poderoso, cheio de poder) (analisador) (limpador) (motorista)
-er
-ful
-hood
-ity
-ly
-ness
Signfica o estado, a qualidade de citizenship friendship partnership Significa estado de ser (cidadania) (amizade) (sociedade comercial, parceria)
-ship
-less
unthinkable
impensvel
disrespectful
desrespeitoso
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
PAST CONTINUOUS
FUTURE CONTINUOUS I will be playing soccer tomorrow at this time. or I am going to be playing soccer tomorrow at this time.
Eu estarei jogando futebol a essa hora amanh.
PRESENT PERFECT
PAST PERFECT
FUTURE PERFECT I will have played soccer by the end of the day. or I am going to have played soccer by the end of the day.
Eu terei jogado futebol at o final do dia.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS I had been playing soccer for 10 years before I injured my knee.
Eu estive jogando futebol por 10 anos antes de machucar meu joelho. ou Eu joguei futebol por 10 anos antes de machucar meu joelho.
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS By the end of the month, I will have been playing soccer for 3 years. or By the end of the month, I am going to have been playing soccer for 3 years.
At o final do ms, eu estarei jogando futebol h 3 anos.