Discrete Mathematics 2003

Lecture 1, 23-July-2003

DISCRETE MATHEMATICS, 2003

Lecturers: Simon Smith (mostly) & Christopher Lenard. Simon (Room Bus 2.12) is the subject coordinator. Text: Discrete Mathematics for Computing by Peter Grossman second edn Assessment: two 45-min tests (each 20%) and a 3-hour exam (60%). Tests: in lectures on Friday 29 August and 26 September 1

Tutorials and Web Support

Tutorials: There are 4 tute groups: Mon 10am, Noon, 4pm & Wed Noon You need to sign up ASAP for a tutorial tutes start in Week 2 Web Page: www.bendigo.latrobe.edu.au/ mte/maths/staff/smith/discrete/ PDF versions of PowerPoint slides used in lectures are available at this web site (usually the day before the lecture)
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2.1 Real Numbers and the Decimal Number System

Real Numbers are the familiar numbers of everyday life. Important types are: Natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . Integers 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, . Rational numbers can be written as m/n, where m,n are integers and n is not 0 e.g. 2/5, 13/721 Irrational numbers are the real nos that arent rational
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Discrete Mathematics 2003

Lecture 1, 23-July-2003

Rational & Irrational Numbers

Every rational no. can be written as either a terminating decimal (e.g. 1 = 1.75) or as a recurring decimal (e.g. 2/3 = 0.666666.) The irrational nos are the real nos whose decimal expansions neither terminate nor recur. Examples include: 2 = 1.41421356237309504880168872. = 3.14159265358979323846264338.
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Place Value and Base

A number such as 6245.37 is in decimal form, with each digit having a place value In decimal form, place values are powers of 10 so the decimal system is said to have a base of 10 Note that base 10 requires ten digits (i.e. 09)
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2.2 The Binary Number System

Simplest number system is base 2, or binary Uses the 2 digits (bits) 0 and 1 Used exclusively in computers (ON/OFF switches, magnetised/unmagnetised memory elements) A typical binary number is 1011.1012 The subscript 2 denotes the base the base should be included if it is not 10
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Discrete Mathematics 2003

Lecture 1, 23-July-2003

Converting Binary to Decimal

Example: Convert 1011.1012 to decimal Solution: 1011.1012 = (123) + (022) + (121) + (120) + (121) + (022) + (123) = 8 + 2 + 1 + 0.5 + 0.125 = 11.625 Exercise: Convert 110001.0112 to decimal
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2.3 Conversion from Decimal to Binary

Well begin by converting integers Example: Convert 183 to binary Solution: Note that the powers of 2 are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, . Now write 183 using just these powers. Thus 183 = 128 + 55 = 128 + 32 + 23 = 128 + 32 + 16 + 7 = 128 + 32 + 16 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 101101112
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Decimal to Binary - A Better Way

Previous method is awkward for large nos. A better method is to repeatedly divide by 2, writing down the quotient and remainder at each step, until the quotient is zero. Now write down the remainders in reverse order this is the binary form of the integer Example: Convert 183 to binary Exercise: Convert 212 to binary Answer: 212 = 110101002
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