Crops in India Kharif Season :-> sown in the rainy (monsoon) season on the Asian subcontinent.

Such crops are planted for autumn harvest and may also be called the summer or monsoon crop in India Rabi Season :-> sown in winter and harvested in the spring Name Soil Rain Temp Type States (Bold ones are the Major Producers) WB,PBJ,UP,Andhra, Orissa,TN,Bihar Remarks

Rice

Fertile clay

75-200

20(initially) 27(Harvest)

Kharif

Wheat

Fertile

50-75

Barley

Jowar

Bajara

Less Fertile Dry Sandy Fertile Alluvial Clay Sandy

70-100

1015(Sowing) 2025(Harvest) 15-18

Rabi

UP(35%), Raj, MP, Bihar

Tropical plant Warm & humid climate 3 crops: Aman(Winter), Aus(Autumn),Boro(Summer) Varieties: Samba,kurruvai(TN),Kamini,Kalajeera,Govin dbhog (WB), Jarisal(Guj),Basmiti(UP) HYV: IR-8, IR-20, Jaya, Pusa 2-21, Sabarmati, Ratna, Kaveri, Padma, Annapurna Cultivated with help of irrigation

Rabi

UP,Raj,MP,Haryana HP Maharashtra Karnataka, MP Raj,Guj, Maharashtra,MP, UP, Haryana UP,Bihar, karnatalka,MP, AP,Haryana MP,UP,Raj, Maharashtra, AP

Soil to have ability to bear cold and moisture

Less W/O irrign 50-70

Kharif

25-35

Kharif

Maize

N2 rich

50-80

25-30

Kharif

Long summer season Clear Sky Rabi: Arhar,gram,Pea,Lentil Kharif: Moong, Urad, Beans Leguminous plants bearing N2 fixing bacterias -> grown mix with other crops Rajsthan -> Mustard Gujrat -> Groundnut MP -> Soyabean Kerala -> Coconut India Worlds largest

Pulses

Rabi, Khaif, Zaid* Unfertile Rain Deficite Rabi, Kharif

Oilseeds

Sugarcane

100-200

20-27

1 year

UP

time, Kharif

(45%),Maharashtra Karnataka, TN, AP

Tea

Green & Sulphur rich

150-250

24-30

Kharif

Coffee

Lava origin Black soil of lava origin Alluvial of deltaic region Red, Laterite Clay

150-200

15-18

Assam -> Bharamputra & Surma Valley WB -> Darjeeling, Coochbihar, Jalpaigudi Uttarakhand -> Gharwal, Kumao, nainital Almore Himachal -> Kullu Valley Karnataka (68%), Kerela (21%), TN Maharashtra, Gujrat, AP WB (71%), Bihar Assam, UP, Orissa Kerela, TN, Karnataka, Andaman & Nicobar

Takes 1 yr time to mature Tropical, Sub-Tropical crop No rain at maturing -> increases sugar content Coastal climate -> thick & juicy Labour intensive Roots should be prevented from excessive water therefore planted in hill slopes

Cotton

50-100

20-30

Kharif

Jute

10-200

25-35

Types: Arabica: Karnataka, kerela, TN Rbusta: hill slopes of the southern states Requires 200 frost & hail free days, intense & bright sunlight Heavy black and red soil best suited Fibrous crop

Rubber

Heavy rainfall

25-32

* On the Indian sub-continent, the crops grown on irrigated lands which do not have to wait for
monsoons, in the short duration between Rabi and Kharif crop season, mainly from March to June, are called Zaid crops (also written as Zayad crops). These crops are grown mainly in the summer season during a period called the "Zayad crop season." They require warm day weather for major growth period and longer day length for flowering. The main produce are seasonal fruits and vegetables. Examples

Musk melon Water melon Gourds Cucumber

India Ranks First in the production of the following: Millets, Lemon & Lime, Banana, Ginger, Mangoes, Papaya, Jute, Castor oil seeds, Sunflower oil seeds India Ranks Second in the production of the following: Tea (First: China), Sugarcane (First: Brazil), Wheat (First: China), Onions (First: China), Potatoes (First: China), Garlic (First: China), Rice (First: China), Cotton (First: China) Agro-Climatic Zones In India In India there are 15 Agro Climatic Zones: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Western Himalyan Eastern Himalyan Lower Gangatic Plains Middle Gangatic Plains Upper Gangatic Plains Trans Gangatic Plains Eastern Plateau Region Central Plateau Region Western Plateau Region Southern Plateau Region Eastern Coastal and Eastern Ghat Region Western Coastal and Western Ghat region Desertic Arid regions of Rajasthan Hilly and Plains of Gujrat Islands