!

"#$% &'()%
*++,
567(8% 9%:0 : 3"#4)% /%"012 -.

Engineering dictionary
: !#%'( )'+ ,-.012$4( ,51'6& ,078#9'( :6;1=?A'( C!B6D E0GHI EI Sciences Math Engineering Loads Wind Buildings Stairs Cladding Members Cement Timber Materials property Seismic Demolition Steel structures Fire Economy Tools Chemistry Environmental Drawings Planning Syntaxes Abbreviations Timing Architect Materials Sections property Welding Labor Miscellaneous
Engineering Dictionary

http://www.wael.org/dic.htm: SD!A'( ,JK(LB )KL- N8<O PG$ )1Q R!?;1' " Sciences Arithmetic Calculus Descriptive geometry Trigonometry Survey Topology Mineralogy Metaphysics Philology Etymology Prosody Theorem Syllabus Dissertation Membrane hypothesis Hypothesis

T6G;'( E1Q UB62V'( " UW6XV'( E1Q ,0X@" ,78#Y :6Z1ZA'( E1Q ,<6GB \];_ 60_(L`!%a b-8JV'( E1Q ,J0%='( d(M" 6B E1Q ef-M6V'( ,51'( hH_ :6A12'( U@O ,7(M i"LJ'( E1Q ,-Lj$ l69#B ,<"LaO cLA'( d6m5'( ,-Lj$ ,-Lj$ \,0WL_

Math, mathematics UB62I Integrate "8;B UB62I Definite Integral Differentiation UW6XI Differential equations ,01W6XI :o 6JB pVmB Derivative ,0r.K :6HVmB Partial derivatives R6A2V7( Interpolation

Definition Coefficient Ratio Sign convention Matrix, matrices Symmetric matrices Anti Symmetric Skew Symmetric Determinant Implicit function Complex Neutral Binary Octal Decimal Hexadecimal Algorithm Even number Odd number Prime number Factorial Infinity Indeterminate Determinate Denominator Exponent Multiplier Basis Boundary Tolerance Loop Numerous Numerical

Successive approximation e'6VVA'( }-LHV'(

s-LJI UB6JB ,%G$ uM6n4( vw=@( E<M \,_!X?B uLx6#VB ,_!X?B uLx6#VB L0` ,_!X?B uLx6#VB L0` ,_!X?B ,_!X?A'( 8;B e#Ay'( S&6I z8HQ \8HJB z 60< er6#[ e$6A[ zLmQ zLmQ {7 zLmJ'( 8J'( F6j$ eK"/ 8Q z L_ 8Q e'"O 8Q e1B6Q ,-69$w'( 8-8;I F8Q MLHB \ 8;B LG2'( F6HB CO ,XQ6yB UB6Q u8Q6D \C67O 8< |B6GI ,H1< 8JVB z 8Q

U0Y6~B ,1A~& :o 6JB ,1AK U< qLa p_( Skyline Ln6%B Frontal M(L2I Iterative "8;'( L0Z Polynomial Million 106 Billion 109 Trillion 1012

Quadrillion

1015

Engineering :60[(8<4( M"6;B Axes of coordinate's Axis of abscissae :6#0G'( M!;B :6#0J'( M!;B Axis of ordinates :60[(8<4( O8%B Origin of ordinates d6#;$( Curvature )'"O ,KM \e=g Liner ,0$6[ ,KM \"_62B eJ=D Parabolic ,Z'6[ ,KM \e%J2B Cubic Point of inflexion d6#;$o( L05I ,=H$ u"M# Vertex, vertices uM$& \qL;B Foci ]D6$ S=D Ellipse 8r(/ S=D Hyperbolic Rib S1W tL;#B h%n Trapezoid Triangle &1ZB Circumcircle(circumscribed circle),0=0;B uLr( 601g( ,76AB uLr( ( Inscribed circle )wW( z"6GVB &1ZB Equilateral triangle eD6G'( z"6GVB &1ZB Isosceles triangle Parallelograms )wW( z/(!VB )wW( eQ6&M Quadrilateral uLr( S&M Quadrant :6Y6~I( \R!?_ \)6&MO Quarters S&LB Square b0JB Rhombus )wW( z/(!VB \b0JA'( h0%n Rhomboid Trapezium tL;#B h%n ,0DM" uM60a U2n Deltoid (kite) U0=VGB Rectangle e76Ag Pentagon e7(87 Hexagon bAZB Octagon )wW( 8JVB Polygon Perimeter *0;B eKM6g \e=0;B Peripheral eKM6f'( |=G'( "O *0;A'( Periphery eKM6f'( *7!'( \*0;B Ambient . LA'( bQ 80J& Outlying ,y0& EG~B Ellipsoid

z"L EGK uL FLY eQ6&M FLY M!n!B eQ6&M M!n!B eZ1ZB M!n!B |=7( z/(!VB ,$(!=7O >"LfB >"LfB ),K z !AQ 8B6JVB ,- !AJ'( e_6?'( iLJ'( /(!B L0j#'( S=H#B u"M# \!1Q e'!a eWLQ e10=VGB e76AB Vertically opposite angles COL'6& c6V1&6HVB c6V-"(/ ,KLX#B ,-"(/ Obtuse angle ,Ar6D ,-"(/ Right angle u 6< ,-"(/ Acute angle ,G2J#B ,-"(/ Reflex angle Alternate angles c6V' 6%VB c6V-"(/ Corresponding angles c6ILx6#VB c6V-"(/ c6IM"6~VB c6V-"(/ Adjacent angles ./0 ,A0HVGB ,-"(/ Straight angle Supplementary angle (./0) ,1A2B ,-"(/ Complementary angle (10) ,AAVB ,-"(/ ,01g( ,-"(/ Interior angle Exterior angle ,0KM6g ,-"(/ Circumferential angle ,0=0;B ,-"(/ d6#;$o( . LB Centre of curvature d6#;$o( L=D s?$ Radius of curvature L=D Diameter Diagonal zL=D L?#Q \S&LA'( L=D Er6H'( &1ZA'( LI" Hypotenuse uLr(8'( LI" Chord SecantSa6D Sphere Globe Pyramid Quadrilateral pyramid Prism Quadratic prism Triangular prism Parallelepiped Cylinder Core Truncated cone Perpendicular Orthogonal Verticality Clear width Parallel Unparalleled Altitude Longitudinal Cross Rectangular Tangential

Triangle leg Triangle base Triangle altitude Symmetrical figure Axis of symmetry Analogy Bisectors2 ?#B Timing Annual Biennial Triennial Concurrently Subsequently Era Tentative Loads Load test Torsion Flexure Torsion moment Concentrated load

&1ZA'( q67 &1ZA'( u8Q6D &1ZA'( )6XIM( Lx6#VB U2n Lx6#V'( M!;B er.K Lx6#I

z!#7 b0V#7 U b0#7 Nw[ U bB(.V& 6H<o ( uLV_ \L?Q er69$ L0` \e%-L~I \{D$B

U0A;V'( M6%Vg( UV_ e' \e#[ UV_ F.Q u. LB ,'!A< Uniform, distributed load ,AjV#B ,'!A< ,0r.K ,AjV#B ,'!A< Partial Uniform load ,V0B ,'!A< Dead load Imposed load ,0W(LV_( ,'!A< ,0< ,'!A< Live load ,0D6& ,0< ,'!A< Sustained live load u6mA'( ,'!A< Pedestrian load z. LB o UA< Eccentric load . LA'( bB u M6a \u,&6#'( u!H'( Centrifugal force Ur6B UA< Inclined load Inclination U0A'( t(L;$( \M(8;$( Decline M6~X$o( ,'!A< \,%9'( ,'!A< Blast load |-L'( s?Q "O ,%Y Gust
Distributed trapezoidal load tL;#B h%n U2m& ,Q/!B ,'!A<

Admissible load Crippling load Wind Suction op. Pressure

69& v!AGB ,'!A< lL;'( UA;'( 8n \2 ]B

*5W \,J_( u!D Thrust Vortex, Vortices ,J&"/ Windward op. Leeward v6-L1' U&6HB #6X#1' U&6D Permeable Buildings Pulpit Minaret Silo Municipality Municipal works Mill Warehouse Dock Skyscraper Stadia, stadium Harbour, harbor Pavilion Hangar Architect Eaves Span Bay Hogging Sagging Runway Portion Partitions Shed Castellated Leisure center Residential Plant Aesthetic Utilitarian Ventilating Duct Gutter Socket Infrastructure Superstructure

3Q!'( L%#B ,$,5B \uM6#B ,JB!@ ,-81& ,-81%'( R65n( S#?B ) !VGB ,?#B \s0@M T6;7 ,;a6$ 6V7 d6#0B v6#K M65#Y u/M6%'( |=G'( :(M6# " t(!< )6GI( \ (8VB( \L%n /6~B \b- !AQ b0& ,;V_ \701g \v6%$ C!HI E0gLI \d6fIM( lM8B \8L~B 8AI U@(!_ b0& )#%A'( bB ,1V "O c(!K \}0?$ \,?< ,01g( c(M8K \Sa(!D U?X- \R.J- \,X0H7 ,J1D U2n )1Q e#%B :(LX'( {D!' b 6BO b2G1' ErwB :6%$ \S#?B ,0'6AK ,0<6#' EA?B ,JX#A1' EA?B ,-!9I u6#D \u(L~B T(M.B s-!~I ,0V;I ,0#& ,0D!_ ,0#&

Urban Pendant Rail Railing Parapet Fence Barrier Lining Booth Kiosk Attic Terrace Verandah Balcony Oriel Swing Swing door Basement Exposure Ramp Platform Elevation Auditorium Vault Triumphal arch Threshold Lintel Maisonette Escalator Spindle, winding stair Gallery Curtain Furniture Cistern, tank Scaffold, shuttering Recess Panel Hoop Boulevard Stairs Nose of a step Rise

zLy< \e$8B ,-L; [ \u wD ,27 b-.&(M ,#-!?I M!7 .K6< ,$6=& uL0~< \,X0H7 \<m <m Ur6A'( sHG'( {;I 601J'( ,_L5'( ,_!m2B ,_Ln ,_!HGB ,_Ln ,_Ln ,5I6$ ,_Ln \,0&LmB ,<!KMO e<"LB T6& !%D ,9K(" \d(8&+ \sm b0-!VGB b0& M8;#B LAB 8-8;'( ,27 ,=;B s0@M \,=g \,?#B )6XIM( \e7OM *HGB :6Q6AVK( ,Q6D e7!D L~;& t!HGB !%D L?#'( C!D ,%VQ ,-!1Q ,%VQ >21&" ,Hn =L;VB E17 M(" E17 q("M uM6V7 :6n"LXB 7-L9@ ,'6H7 /,%V2B "O T(L;B/zM(8K s-!~I v!' uM6a \q!a L~mB )M6n \,B6K ,KM8'( /"L& ,KM8'( ,Ar6D

Tread Flight of stair Headroom Cladding Film Glazing Insulation Sheeting, roofing Polishing Smoothing Finishing Filling-up Pavement Fillet Chamfer Embossing Lathing Encasement

lM8'( ,Ar6$ *<6n sHG'( )6XIM( R.Q \,0G2I ,H0DM ,H%=& em5- \d6=` \E10_ dwa R.Q ,0=5I S00A1I >01AI d69$+ \E0J#I FM s@M zLr( S&M @0$M! Ur6B @0$M! b0-.I \,_Lg/ v(!'O ,Q!A~A& M(8~'( "O sHG'( ,0=5I \|-!1I ,D8#@ \s015I

Members TributaryBL05' :o!A;'( UH#- L?#Q \8_(M c!1AK Gable Rafter Ur6A'( .r6~'( e`(L_ .r6K Space truss ,1r6B L@6#Q "# e2%n .r6K Sloped truss M8;#- \U0ASlope ,02%n L@6#Q SB !VGB M6a+ Braced frame Portal frame z!VGB M6a+ e`(L_ M6a+ Space frame Shear wall ]D M(8K ,- 6#V7( c(M8K Retaining walls D& 3XV;Retain ,1B6< c(M8K Bering walls ,'/6Q c(M8K Cladding walls Liftshaft/staircase 8J?A'( /lM8'( {0& ,%1@ ,02%n \u(!mB \,2%n Grillage, grill U0BL& \,0$(!=7O ,-LmD Barrel ,%D Dome
Domestic z81& \e1;B

Shell Membrane e~0G$ d6m` Plate

,-LmD ,;0X@

Diaphragm Deck Pylon Mast Thick plate Strip footing Strip Underpinning Raft, Mat Pile Pre cast driven pile Cast-in-place pile Cofferdam Two way slab Flat slab Mushroom floor Drop panel Crown Waffle Waffle slab Ribbed Ribbed slab Suspended ceiling Transverse beam Tie Strut Compressive Tensile Tying Hinge Keystone, voussoir Key element Joint Cantilever Lever Expansion joint Stirrups Spiral Anchor Anchored bar Hooked bar Anchorage zone Development length

,%1@ ,;0X@ d6m` \.K6;'( T6~;'( ,0WMO d6&L9 lL& !- (M " c!-.X1I lL& uL0?< "O \,-.r6K ,aw& e=-Ln C67O *-Ln \,;-Ln C67O uL0?< 8I" ,D!D8B S#?'( ,H%GB 6I"O c62A'( e_ ,&!%?B 6I"O T6y$+ 87 b0Y6~I6& UAJI ,aw& ,;=GB ,aw& ,-L=_ ,aw& ,-L=X'( ,aw%'( e_ !AJ'( l6I l6I s-"6~I ,%?JB ,aw& S1yB z M!Y ,aw& p1JB sH7 iLJVGB \eWLQ .r6K (8n / (8n >2Q /*5W L?#Q \,B6Q >!5yB "8mB *0&LI U?XB C!H'( e_ UXH'( L~< UB6 M609$o BM609$( z $- e767O L?#Q U@6_ \u8HQ R!&6 /LXx ,1VQ \,J_(M 8AI U@6_ M"67O e%'!' \e$".1;'( |01GV'( u67LB u67LB SB }0yD ,X2Q SB }0yD d67M4( ,H=#B <76AV'( R!a

800HI \d67M+ Debunking Strand uL0XW 8n LI" Tendon s0@L'( tLa )1Q .K6< Curb uM!=HB Tandem iM( {;I ,$LB zM6~B Flexible culverts Skeletal ,0120Y U20Y Skeleton Pillar /62IM( !AQ Pier C67( )1Q !AJ'( 6#V7( u8Q6D \L;%'( e_ s0@M\C!D "O .r6K "O !AQ 8#G' M(8~'( bAW sV \T6%'( b%1B Abutment /62IM( u 6#V7( ,=H$ \LGK ,B6Q u/62Q \,B6Q Crutch !AQ \u.0 M \,B6Q Stanchion h1A;I uM8D u 6-.' M(8~'( ,-"(/ bB eKM6g /"L& \,B6Q Buttress }?Q \sHG1' UB6< z!$6[ .r6K Joist Chamber uL~< \>1~B T!1HB "O T S=HB Tee or Inverted Tee Final support ,0r69$ 8$6GB UH#'( " S#?'( 8#Q ,VD$B 8$6GB Release support Materials Alloy Steel Iron Rust Rolled steel Round steel Built-up Iron-clad Nickel Lead Tin, zinc Chrome Phosphate Slag Marble Graphite Charcoal Basalt Granite Aggregates Gravel Sand e$8JB *01g "O 7-.B #o!_ 8-8< O8@ U_M8B }1@ F"L%B }1@ /,0$8JB/ S=HB SA~8-8;'6& !G2B U20#'( ^6@M <$/ \d60I!I F"L :6X7!_ &%f'( F6gM E;_ \{0_(LK zL~< E;_ {'/6%'( L~< {0$(L5'( L~< F6 M ];& UBM

Concrete Pre cast concrete Cast-in-situ Asphalt Pitch Pitched roof Bitumen Tar Masonry Glue Cork Lime Pasteboard Felt Brick Tiles Asbestos Sludge Mud soil Firm soil Plastering Cement rendering Gypsum plaster Cement Hardened cement Quick setting cement Fireproof cement Cement injection Setting of cement Mortar Timber Rafter Hip rafter Decay Swilling of wood Sweating Swelling

c!V0& S#?'( p%GB c!V0& c62A'( e_ T!%?B {1X7( /{0%ZV'( L@6#Q b0& 8J%'( /u!=g \M(8;$( \U0B \{_/ Ur6B sH7 b0B!V0& c(L=D zL~< d6#& d(L` b01_ >1 \p& c!IL @0g \ 6%' T!a 80BLD zLf?'( L-L;'( e#0a }7LI \U<" ,0#0a ,&LI ,276AVB ,&LI i60& ,0V#A7( ,#0a ,0G%K ,#0a {#A7( }1?VB {#A7( }1?V'( S-L7 {#A7( uM(L;1' F"6HB {#A7( {#A7o( bH< {#A7o( <n ,$!B \>wB }mf'6& E0Q8I \d6#%'( }mg M6a4( "O c!1A~'( e_ Ur6A'( S1y'( sHG'( e_ Ur6A'( S1y'( EQ8I ,WM6Q C!G- \bXJV}mf'( v6mIM( v6mIM( PXV#B

Materials property Mass per unit volume ,0A~;'( ,1V2'( Weight per unit volume eA~;'( c/!'(

Modulus of elasticity Poisson's ratio

Coeff of thermal expansionzM(L;'( 8AV'( UB6JB

,$"LA'( UB6Q c!7(!& UB6JB

Lateral torsional buckling resistance e%$6~'( UVX'( }0#;I ,B"6HB

#o!X1' )!yf'( 69K+ Steel yield stress Reinforcing yield stress c!V0%1' )!yf'( 8< 69K+
Lateral torsional buckling e%$6~'( UVX'( }0#;I

Buckling Bending Bond Concrete strength Characteristic Shear steel yield stress Degradation Shrinkage Creep Humidity Fatigue Ductility Ductile Yield stress
Percentage elongation

Hollow core Eccentricity Eccentrically Interior Exterior Ultimate Mild Transformed Camber Shoring Sections property Torsion constant Moment of inertia Radius of gyration Section modulus Plastic modulus Isolated Isotropic Homogeneous

}0#;I t6=J$( <76AI c!V0%1' ,B"6HB u.0AB ]H'( 8-8;' )!yf'( 69K+ U EI A6A2$( cw07 \s</ ,&!aM }JI qL='( " };G1' ,01&6D qL='( " };G1' U&6D cw0G'( 69K+ ,0%G#'( ,'6=V7o( t!~B . LB ,-. LBo . LA'( bQ tL;#B e1g( eKM6g er69$ \z8< R8VJB \U-8JI c"8& e767O R!a "_62B \R8JB T8;I 8#7 \EQ

UVX'( {&6[ ,'6=J'( F.Q ,'6=J'( L=D s?$ cLA'( S=HA'( UB6JB c81'( S=HA'( UB6JB ,1?X#B ^(!f'( 8<!B ^(!f'( >$6~VB

Heterogeneous Stiff, stiffness Axial Biaxial Lateral restrains Restrain Restraint Constrain Strain Pivot

^(!f'( L-65VB u"6GD \e76D zM!;B M"6;A'( er6#[ e%$6~'( 8#G'( 8$6GA'6& 800HI 8#GB , L< 800HI e%G$ B!mI zM!;B

e'(.'/ Seismic zM" Periodic "=%- \}aLDamp 8B6fI Damping Displacement :o6HV$( )M6GI Acceleration Lag $a6%I b0$M Resonance s0a Spectrum eX0a Spectroscopic Ur6Y Spectacular Amplitude ,K!A'( )6XIM( \u"M,'( ,A0D Vibration, Oscillation ,&,&# \/(.VY( Demolition Avalanche Destabilize Instability op. stability Twist Twirl Rupture Hair cracking Crazing Brittle finishing Brittle fracture Fracture Corrosion Defect Distortion Deteriorate Deterioration Settlement L0B8I \F8Y M69#M(LHV7o( 8HX; M(LHV7( F8Q R8K \UV_ FL%- \,X' M"8)8?I \q.AI zLJn FLn c6Y8'( pHmI ,mY :(d69$+ @9'( M6G2$o( M6G2$( \pHmI U EI }0Q h-!mI M!Y8VM!Y8I \s1I M(LHV7( \>!%Y

Splitting Failure Rupture Overtwining Overturning Sway op. Non-sway Destructive Progressive collapse Steel structures Bearing stiffener Untorque Reamed hole Punched hole Suspension bridge Viaduct Overlap Lug angle Flat bar Stud Stub Countersink Charpy impact value H-section I-section Compound section Composed section Hybrid section Assembly Robustness Robust Braced Bracing Counterbrace Staggered Staggered pitch Gauge Forging, Forgery Plasticity Elasticity Leaf Flange Web

qwX$( M609$( q.G AI R8K\t6XV'( TwH$( e%$6K R6HV$( L2 B8B /!#0B" /eB8HI U2m& e'6VVB M609$( ,-!HI L?#Q e$8JB q!a \q!=S2 7!B }H[ q"L=B }H[ p1JB LGK LG~'( q!_ S#?'( ,H%GB .r(!~'( }0 LI " UH#' z8-8< LGK } (LV- \Ug(8V8#7 ,-"(/ ,=G%B L0% M6AGB U2n )1Q {0%ZI \,B6Q R6JX'( pAJ'( u 6-.' sHG'( " .r6~'( b0& uL05@ " ,20A7 ,B6Q \}HQ \,B"MO @0f%I L_ ,m-M \T6HZA'6& ,;VX'( L%2- \A!fF8?1' e&M6n UB6Q ,A0D H =< 1.2*D H >1.2*D /,0$8JB/ S=HB bB LZ O bB } LB S=HB /,=1VfB/ u 6B bB LZ O bB } LB S=HB b0~Y \u"6GH'( ,X1VfB (!B u8Q bB } LB S=HB S0A~I u!D 301` \z!D *&LB \:( (8m& 8!HB E0Q8I \,-!HI X U2n )1Q iM6JVB U2m& E0Q8I T"6#VB U2m& e`(L%'( }0ILI \|$LVB T"6#V'( u!=g u8AQ( eX@ b0& 8J%'( L-".I \/c8JA1' / qLa " U02mI ,$"8' ,$"LB ,D6DM v6#K 8GK

Welding E;V1- \F6;1'( Weld F6;' *0H1I Tack-welding q(LVg( \p-LfI Penetration er6&L9 C!D Plasma-arc dwB+ F6;' \e% 6#I F6;' Butt weld U0BL& Butt As welded |=G'( SB z!VGB Ground flush Flush s=n *&L'( er6#[ Double strap joint F(.< \*&M Strap ,0% (LI ,1@" Lap joint by< \} (LVLap ,%'6?B ,1@" Cruciform joint }'6?B Cruciform Penetration q(LVg( F6;1'( F8D )6XIM( Leg of fillet weld Effective throat of weld F6;1'( bB ,'6JX'( p#J'( /F6;1'( bB /@aL=Spatter b010V7( " b0~G "( bB } LB Oxyacetylene /F6;' }0yD/er6&L9 }=D <17 Electrode wire, Filler rod p_8I \T" ,Flux Gas-shielded /6` F6;' UH?- \P1~Grit F"M6?'6& P1K Grit blasting F6;' ,1@" Welding splice e`(L& ,1@" Bolting splice e`L& 8n \lo.B \S_8#Bolt 6-L[ p01JI "O hV0%ZV' ,B"L%B 8-8;'( bB ,J=D Hook bolt Nut ,'!A@ ,1-8$M c(!K Washer ,AnL& Riveting ,;0X@ \,DM" Leaf 8#7 ,-"(/ \,'62 A< Bracket Curb angels *%W ,-"(/ >6&M \F.1B Binding c6G' " .< ,1@" Tongue and groove joint c/(!V1' UH[ Counterweight UA;1' U 6#n Cleat L@6#J'( *&L' ,1@" \,-!HI ,1@" \U-!=I ,1@" Gusset plate

u (8B Purlins Sheeting rails sHG'( )1Q ,0=5V'( U0A;I <27 eG0rL'( .r6~'( )1Q ,-!$6Z'( .r(!~1' 8$6GB Joist seat C67( )1Q !AJ'( 6#V7o( ,;0X@ Base and cap plate 8G~'( 8#7 "O ,-!HI L@6#Q Web stiffeners sHG1' UB6;'( e1XG'( 8m'( LI" Bottom chord joist tie Splice plate U@!'( ,;0X@ 6901Q 8$6GB {0%ZV' M(8~'( bQ ,5I6$ ,0$8JB u.0 M Corbel Grid >!=g ,2%n \c6%yD ,2%n uL=07 \<GA- {%ZGrip Friction grip connection =62V<o( Rwg bB ]H'( UH#I u "8mB e`(L& ,1@" I-girder I ,WM6Q @ $!'( LGK\8-8;'( ,2G' :(M6n4( h01Q p1JI LGK Gantry Conveyor gantry UD6$ F(.< ,J_(L1' UB6;'( LG~'( Crane gantry girder ,1BLX'( bQ 7I6#'( ,J_(L'( /(.VY( "O l!AI Crane surge ,X=n \ 6#V7o( sV Haunch 8GK \q67 Stem Economy Economics Economical Enterprise Craft Estimate Estimation Scope Consumable Consumer Fire Combustion Combustible Extinction Tools Sprinkler Hygrometer Ruler Carpenter's tools Nail Surveying instruments Bricklayer's tools 6?VD( 6?VDo( E1Q z 6?VD( ,-M6~I , Ln \)"LmB ,_L< \} LB \uLr6a \,Q(L%& S#?7V#VG- \bAZb0AfI iL` \t8Y <1H 9VGB <I 19VGB R6JVn( \q(LV<( q(LV<w' U&6D d6Xa+ A6nM ,&!aL'( C60D /69K uL=GB uM6~$ :(" O M6AGB ,0<6GB u.9KO d62 #%'( :(" O

Pliers Machining Saw Measuring tape Pulley Pendulum Hatchet Drill Derrick Crane Scraper Brush Torch Compass Immersion vibrator Bending iron Concrete bucket Dugout Mill Scale Furnace Labor Committee Slater Plumber Alumni Contractor Chemistry Toxic Atomizing Pickling Galvanizing Fundamental Ion Aeration Saturated Distillation Alkaline, alkalinity Turbid, turbidity Oxidize Dense

Tw \,n6A ,0'J uLXn M6m#B C60D LVB uL2& R"8#& ,=1& \uL0?D CK_ ,-"8- uM6X< ,0'J uM6X< ,J_(M ,=m2B u6nL_ !B6#0n \U0& M620& \,1@!& c!V0%1' C6=` l6KM c6%yH'( <GB v6VXB ,J_(L'( )1Q c!V0%'( U=7 L~m'( ),K bB qM"/ b;a ,'J \, 627 \c!<6a \S#?B ,_6K uLmD \C60HB \c(.0B cL_ R6AQ ,#~' >2 w& =6%7 eJB6K 7-Lg 89JVB F67 #(#M )'+ R!;eyB6< R!1;B e_ SH#- \U1f,#X15'( e767O c!-O z/6` )6%n+ S%m; B L0=HI ,-!1D \z!1D uM62Q \L2Q 8G KVs0Z

Healing Sedimentation Adsorption Absorption Calibration Environmental Redundant Discharge Gravitation drainage Settling Drain Drainage system Decontamination Purification Gulley trap Drip Liquefaction Motivation Irrigation Collar Pollutant Droplet Withdrawal Sealed Foam Impair Drawings Lay-out Margin Plot Tracing Notch Notching Dimension Prospective Perspective Front view Side view Plan Datum line Facade

,~'6JB }07LI /(.VB( ^6?VB( E-!HI \uL-6JB e50& Lr6_ \L-.` \L_(" Ur6G'( M"LB uM(.` \vLGR!0A'6& s-L?I }2 7LI B60B tL?B s-L?V'( F6j$ N!1I ,'(/+ \L09=I ,0H#I c!X07 L=H,'!07 \,Q!0B L-L;I U0G` \zM /,0;?'( R6AQ/q!a N!1B uL05@ uL=D \uL0=D };7 \ (8IM( \T6;G$( F!VfB \TLGV1' S$6B \qw`4( E2;B 8&/ \u!`M s1V- \8GXF6Q *0=fI @B6Y \tL< *=fL0%;V'( " sm'( iL_ \.< .-.;I 8J; & e'6AV<(\SD!VB \M!j#B zM!j#B E7M e9%K *HGB e%$6K *HGB eWMO *HGB LX?'( *g )#%A'( ,9K("

Sketch planning Scheme, platform Auxiliary Provisions Precaution Syntaxes Colon Semicolon Parentheses Parenthesized variable Quote Quota Prefix Suffix HyperHypeAbbreviations Via +ve cu.m sq.m -ve Oft W.C. O.H.P ASAP AOB B.H.P UFO Sci.fi Team M.R.T K.K.K FTSE HSBC IOU AGM MD CEO

u !GB \z"8- E7M ,=g 8Q6GB \>60V<( L0&(8I \:6a60V<( M,< \>60V<( uM6%Q \}0 LI : c6V=H$ ,a!H#B ,1@6_ ; () C(!DO b07!D b0& 6B L05VA'( " C6%VD( }0?$ ,r 6& ,H<o u 6-/ \>L_ {;I By Positive cubic metre squared metre Negative often Water closet, rest room, luxury washing room over head projector As soon as possible any other business zM6f& c6?< undefined flying object science fiction Together everyone achieve more main rapid transportation, underground train, Subway, Metro Klu klux klon financial times stock exchange Hong Kong Shanghai bank corporation I owe you annul general meeting managing director /UK chief executive officer /USA

V.A.T value added tax G.N.P gross national product M.N.C multinational corporation H.R human resources R&D research 'n' development P.R public relations P.A personal assistant, per annum, public address T.U Trade union Ltd. Limited company Plc Public company Corp corporation C.V curriculum vitae AD anno dommini BC before Christ, British code a.m ante meridian p.m post meridian G.M.T =B.S.T-1 British summer time R.I.P rest in peace i.e. that is e.g. for example N/A not available, not applicable Miscellaneous In lieu of ,Q!#VB bB ( o8& eKwQ ,0#HI sr(/\e%0 LI sr(/ l#!A$ \O8%B 80#~I C60HB \M60JB :6B6Q c"8& }?V#d6m$+ ,0r(8%'( 8m'( u!D e'8VB ,-M"LB uM6< t(L;$o( ,-"(/ ,$6VB \UA;I TLfB L0` M6%Vg( U?X#B \.0AVB }JmI \)LXI ]H$ \}0Q

Viva voce, Oral examination e9Xn c6;VB(

Remedial Technology Synthetic Fake Norm Recruitment Criteria, Criterion Erected Erection Initial jacking Draped op. straight Lane Skew angel Durability Non-destructive test Discrete Bifurcation Imperfection

Implication Tropic Dissipation Slender Slenderness Shallow Prior Priority Superimposed Assess Assessment Probabilistic Stresses Proof stress Quenched Pneumatic Rigid Rigidity Lattice Redundant Illustration Assumption Exceed Friction Conception Discipline Lest Routine Proposal Flair Tender Inspect Consequence Appraisal Comparison Interpreting Complementary Clause Permissible Permanent Finite Residual stresses

bAyVB )#JB er(!V7( M(8B 8-L%I U0;$ L?#J'( ,'6;$ U;W p&67 ,-!'"( e=J,WLVXB bAf- \M8HL-8HI e'6AV<( :( 69K+ c6Ay'( 69K+ L%B 2 d(!9'6& >!5yB e76D \}1@ u"6GD e2%n F6j$ Lr6_ |0W!I i(LV_( /"6~V=62V<( U0fI \uL2_ F6j$ ,_6fB b0I"M iLQ \v(LVD( .2 0AI }=J'( S-L7 @VX- \];X,%D6Q \,~0V$ E00HI ,$M6HA'6& L0GXI UA2B uLH_ h& v!AGB Er( "8;B ,0H%VB :( 69K+

Equilibrium, Equilibration c/(!I

Quantitative Diffusion Dispersion Isotherm Accumulation Attenuation

Reversible op. Irreversible

eA M6mV$( \Lm$ {0VmI *5y'( L05I *g E (LI t6JW+ er6y_ e9Xn eJA7 UB6n e@!?g CM UA;- \UH#.~#- \U7L,-!0;'6& EJXB \z!D L2V%B den eBLY UG1GI 6J&O \C60D \E~< z!G- \EY6XVp-L& ,$60@ FN !HB i(LQO \:6BwQ uM(8K \,01&6D ud6X \,01YO ,Q(L& iLX80HB u 6Q+ iLVX:6A0GHI e_6W+ \e10A2I ,D6Q+ \,-6D" \S#B uLa6fB p0%=V1' U&6D }K(" \,A9B t"Lj'( p_" s002I L=0GB !;$ )1Q 80K R!JXB \eQ6KM( L[O "# R8%VG8K(!Vs1VfB \)!#VB s0y- \p;1C62J$w' U&6D

Spatial Oral Aural Comprehensive Tutorial Convey Dispatch Vivid Novelty Hierarchy Proportion Compromise Shed Maintenance Ingredient Symptoms Aptitude Competency Ingenuity, prowess Impose Restricted Reinstatement Presume Quotients Supplemental Prevention Hazard Viable Assignment Orientation Predominately Retroactive Substitute Subsist Diverse Annex

Tangible Entire Corrugate Inflatable Functional Lean Deflection Additives Junction Deformation Effective Fiber Balanced Principal Virtual Permissible Deviation Gradient Equivalency Override Connectivity Leading Trailing Inaccuracy Specimen Beyond Sufficient Mechanism Adjacent Plain op. Deformed Embody Clause Entail Interactive, Interaction Slice Phenomenon Impact Roll Moderate Adversely Arise Amplified

eJD(" \C!A1B e1 \F6I l!A- \8J~PX#1' U&6D eX0x" "2V- \U0AE97 :6_6W+ *0&LI \,1@" B!mI \U2mI R6J_ s0' e$/(!I eG0rM eW(LV_( h& v!AGB t(L;$( M(8;$( \L05I $_62I L=0G- \bA09R6?I( ,B8HA'( e_ \eB6BO ,-69#'( e_ p0D L0` ,#0Q q!_ \d(M" t6 ,0#HI M"6~B \}-LD d6G1B UAm- \82 G~>Ln \uLH_ \8#& F.1VGe1Q6XI ,?< \,;-Ln uLY6x L0[KI lL<8VR8VJB > 6JB \ErwB L0` Km#S2 7!B

Experimental Verification e%-L~I pH;I

Fasten
Empirical design method

{%Z/ ! /e%-LHI

Empirical M6%Vgo( " ,j<wA'( )1Q e#%B 601AQ b2AB ( Practicable > Y Squash )?DO Utmost t6 \ErwB Adequate, adequately I ,-/(!IM( L5& Artesian well ,&L~I Experiment Gear b#GB \CLI >!%Y \|0-LI Settlement p@o "O ,$!A& S=H'( {0%ZI Bedding p@wI Adhesion C!HI \T8;I Camber }@ Casting Periodical maintenance ,-M" ,$60@ Grain U05W M(8HB \p-LJV'( B6~I( \uM# \,%< Fundamentalist}?JVB \tL=VB T6V2'( ,B8HB Foreword ,B6HV7( Integrity EAVB Integral (8K b-8& Gross )6=VD( \^6H$+ Deduction Destabilizing M(LHV74( 8HX; e%$6K Lateral 80HB \*&LB Laced iM(!J& *0&LI Batten c!J=17 Crab Waist L?g qo.$( Slip Symmetrical }76#VB uL2_ \F!9XB Concept e767O Substantial 8#VG- \8AVJRely LX#B U2m& \80<" Sole, solely Breach q(LVg( \=69V$( L0?- \UJ~Render )'+ U0AProne ,&,&,B \,y&6$ ,'!A< Pulsating b;=Grind E (LVB Cumulative N 6< Incident Accident "K6XB

e~-M8I U2m& ]D6#VTaper Abrupt 6< \"K6XB S=HVB Intermittent T,&,I \}1HI Fluctuation ( .- \LmV#Propagate q6Hm$( \pn Cleavage Rough TL=yB \e76D \bmg Chevron /V/ O EDM U2n )1Q uM6n+ Permit .0~- \|AGD' U&6D \D' ,WLQ Susceptible !K" \M!y< Presence UV2I Conglomeration i!_LB Objectionable Vanguard ,J01a F!K |0GB \p1AVB Sycophant Noble ranks : Baron, Viscount, aristocrat, Earl, Marquis, Duke. z!D \b-8& Stout Massive E0GK $_62I \R 6JI Parity ,0AYO \E~< \L% Magnitude S-/!I u 6Q+ Redistribution e_6 L0` Insufficient Vanishing enwI 8n p%7 \d6Q ( Pretension 69K+ p%7 Prestress h$(" p&67 Premature L=0GB U2m& Predominantly L=0GB \8r67 Dominant e'6AK+ Gross Breadth )6GI( \iLQ d!V$ \/"L& Outstand tL;- \UVXWarp e760D zM60JB Modular L05I \twVg( Variation h' eQ( o \ErwB L0` Undue i(LV_( Assumption Invalidate U=%*mD \<< \zL& Abrasion N6[O \&0[KI Furnishing, furniture d(!V<( Containment q"8#@ \uL0~< Compartment Assist 8Q6GU2m'( z " Vermiculite

In tumescent Inflate Statutory Severity Recreation Preliminary Notional Contribute Reversal Accommodate Significant Joule Embed Commensurate Stipulate Reliant Practicable Vital Pond Pontoon Shank Inferior Gauge Restriction Interval Rigorous Approach Comprise Tip Indicate Constitute Rectilinear Merely Mutually Conservative Symmetry Intermediate Rapid Oppose Conceptual Tabular Cumulative Nominally

FM!VB \PXV#B Efy- \PX%eQLn \e$!$6D FM6@ \E9~VB F6A~V7( \,01GI z809AI eW(LV_( \e'60g =M6m- \EY6GR6=&+ \^6H$+ \>2Q s02- \ErwL[$B \F6Y /,D6a u8<" /R!K q!=- \LA=SB "_62VB \}76#VB ]#- \>LVm)1Q 8#G- \8AVJh1AQ b2AB e767O \z!0< B60B , LI & ,_(!a \,B(!Q p0W E0HVGB d.K )$ O L-6J- \>0H800HI \8< U@6_ e76D \FM6@ .Y6#- \eY6yUAm- \EyLXj'( ,-69$ \dem'( tLa \u8Q6GB \@0mH& |W!- \R8c!2- \U2m>!=f'( E0HVGB }G;_ =LVmB \R 6%VB U2m& L05V1' F"6HB \3_6;B p&6=I \U[6AI *7!VB S-L7 iM6JzM!?I e'"8K \|=G'( z!VGB eA (LI U05W \eA7(

Outskirts of city Stay Cavity Asymmetrical Cautious Propped Neglected Ambient temperature

e<(!W ,B6Q \8#7 s-!~I \t!~B U[6AVB "O p76#VB L0` h%V#B \M,< E2 Q8B \ !#GB UA9; B ,0=0;B uM(L<