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Grit Removal
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Grit Removal
Grit: sand, dust, cinder, bone chips, coffee grounds, seeds, eggshells, and other materials in wastewater that are nonputrescible and are heavier than organic matter. Reason for grit removal To protect moving mechanical equipment and pumps from unnecessary wear and abrasion To prevent clogging in pipes, heavy deposits in channels To prevent cementing effects on the bottom of sludge digesters and primary sedimentation tanks To reduce accumulation of inert material in aeration basins and sludge digesters which would result in loss of usable volume Specific gravity Grit: 1.5~2.7 Organic matter in wastewater: 1.02
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Grit Channel
Recommended for small to medium size plants. This requires high maintenance and grit removal is not easy. In this plant, a crane is used by an operator, which is an labor-intensive operation. 200
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Grit Hopper
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Impeller mixer
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Design Example
A. Geometry of Grit Chamber 1. Qmax through each chamber: 0.661 m3/sec Volume: 0.661 m3/sec 4 min 60 sec/min = 158.6 m3 Average water depth at midwidth: 3.65 m Freeboard: 0.8 m Total depth: 3.65 m + 0.8 m = 4.45 m Surface area: 158.6 m3/3.65 m = 43.5 m2 Length: 43.5 m2/3.5 m = 12.5 m 13 m Design surface area: 3.5 m 13 m = 45.5 m2 2. Diffuser arrangement: along the length of the chamber on one side and place them 0.6 m above the bottom 3. Actual detention time at Qmax = (3.5 m 13 m 3.65 m) (0.661 m3/sec 60 sec/min) = 4.2 min When only one chamber is in operation, HRT = 2.1 min
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z = z1 - z2 = difference in elevation of free water surface into the channel and the chamber (m).
1.321 m 3 /sec = 0.33 m/sec 1 m 4.06 m (assumed water depth in the channel) 1.321 m 3 /sec v2 = = 0.10 m/sec 3.5 m 3.82 m (assumed water depth in the chamber) v2 v2 2 1 = 0.005 m (neglegibl e) 2g 2g v1 =
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where y = drop in water surface elevation between sections 1 and 2, m; x = horizontal distance between sections 1 & 2, m; y1 and y2 = depth of flow at sections 1 and 2, m; q1 and q2 = discharge at sections 1 and 2, m; v1 and v2 = velocity at sections 1 and 2, m; and (SE)ave = average slope of the energy line, m/m.
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2(q' L N ) gb 2 y2
where y1 = water depth at the upstream end, m; y2 = water depth in the trough at a distance L from the upstream end, m; q = discharge per unit length of the weir, m3/secm; b = width of the trough, m; and N = number of sides the weir receives flow (1 or 2).
q' = Q 1.321 m 3 /sec = = 0.5284 m 3 /sec m Length of weir 2.5 m
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Allow 12% additional depth to account for friction losses, and add 15 cm to ensure a free fall. Thus, Total depth of trough = 1.54 m 1.12 + 0.15 m = 1.88 m F. Headloss through the Grit Chamber Total headloss = hL at the effluent structure + hL at the influent structure + hL in the basin + hL due to baffles
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where v2 = velocity through the chamber; Ab = vertical projection of the area of the baffle; and CD = drag coef. = 1.9 for flat plates. v2 = 1.321 m3/sec [(3.5 m width)(3.82 m water depth)] = 0.099 m/sec
h L = 1.9 (0.099 m/sec) 2 0.5 = 0.0005 m 2 9.81 m/sec 2 1
The headloss is small; so it can be neglected. Similarly, the headloss due to effluent baffle can also be ignored. G. Quantity of Grit Grit produced = 30 m3/106 m3 0.44 m3/sec 86400 sec/day = 1.14 m3/day
Combined system: 10~30 ft3/Mil gal; Separate system: 2~10 ft3/Mil
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