Ses 2013

ENERGISING
OUR NATION
SINGAPORE ENERGY STATISTICS 2013
ENERGY MARKET AUTHORITY

The Energy Market Authority (EMA) is a statutory board under the Ministry of Trade and Industry. Our main goals are to ensure a reliable and secure energy supply, promote effective competition in the energy market and develop a dynamic energy sector in Singapore. Through our work, we seek to forge a progressive energy landscape for sustained growth.
ISSN 2251-2624 Research and Statistics Unit, Energy Market Authority, Republic of Singapore All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopy or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without prior written permission of the copyright owner except in accordance with the provision of the Copyright Act (Cap. 63). Applications for the copyright owners written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to: Director Planning Department Research and Statistics Unit Energy Market Authority 991G Alexandra Road #02-29 Singapore 119975 Republic of Singapore
FOREWORD
The Singapore Energy Statistics 2013 aims to provide a summary of key energy statistics for Singapore up to 2012. This publication consists of six sections. The rst section describes Singapores energy supply between 2005 and 2012, while the second section illustrates trends in the energy transformation sector. The third section summarises the breakdown of electricity and gas consumption in the energy sector by business activity, contestability and dwelling type. The fourth section presents various Energy Balance statistics from 2009-2012, followed by the fth section, which looks into the price history of various energy products. The sixth section presents other energy-related statistics such as those on solar photovoltaic and Grid Emission Factors. The technical notes and glossary, which includes the objective, scope and coverage of the publication; and technical details on the relevant denitions and concepts used, completes the publication. The publication of this report is made possible only through the co-operation of the companies, organizations and government ministries and statutory boards that have provided information. I would like to express my gratitude to all who have contributed towards this publication.
Bernard Nee Assistant Chief Executive Energy Planning and Development Division Energy Market Authority Singapore October 2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS SINGAPORE ENERGY STATISTICS 2013

ENERGY SNAPSHOT OF SINGAPORE SECTION 1 ENERGY SUPPLY Table 1.1 Imports of Energy Products, 2005 - 2012
Table 1.2 Table 1.3 Table 1.4 Table 1.5 Exports of Energy Products, 2005 - 2012 Domestic Exports of Energy Products, 2005 - 2012 Re-Exports of Energy Products, 2005 - 2012 Stock Change, 2009 - 2011
4 6
10 10 11 11 12
SECTION 2 ENERGY TRANSFORMATION

Table 2.1 Table 2.2 Table 2.3 Energy Flows in Electricity Generation Sector, 2009 - 2012 Fuel Mix for Electricity Generation by Energy Products, 2005 - 2012 Energy Flows in Oil Rening Sector, 2009 - 2011
14
19 19 20
SECTION 3 ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Table 3.1a Electricity Sales by Sub-Sector (Total), 2007 - 2012 Table 3.1b Electricity Sales by Sub-Sector (Non-Contestable Consumers), Table 3.2 Table 3.3 Table 3.4 Table 3.5 Table 3.6 Table 3.7 2007 - 2012 Table 3.1c Electricity Sales by Sub-Sector (Contestable Consumers), 2007 - 2012 Total Household Electricity Sales by Dwelling Type, 2009 - 2012 Average Monthly Household Electricity Sales by Dwelling Type, 2009 - 2012 Average Monthly Household Electricity Sales by URA Region, 2009 - 2012 Final Natural Gas Sales by Sub-Sector, 2009 - 2012 Total Household Town Gas Sales by Dwelling Type, 2009 - 2012 Average Monthly Household Town Gas Sales by Dwelling Type, 2009 - 2012
22
29 30 31 32 36 40 41 42 46
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 4 ENERGY BALANCES

Table 4.1 Table 4.2 Table 5.1 Table 5.2 Table 5.3 Table 5.4 Table 5.5 Table 5.6 Electricity Balance Table, 2009 - 2012 Natural Gas Balance Table, 2009 - 2011
50
55 56
SECTION 5 ENERGY PRICES

High Sulphur Fuel Oil (HSFO) Forward Price, Electricity and Town Gas Tariffs, 2005 - 2012 Annual Electricity Tariffs by Components, 2005 - 2012 Electricity Tariffs, 2005 - 2012 Town Gas Tariffs, 2005 - 2012 Consumer Price Index for Selected Energy Products (2005=100), 2005 - 2012 Producer and International Trade Price Indices of Mineral Fuels, Lubricants and Related Materials (2005=100), 2005 - 2012
58
60 61 61 62 63 63
SECTION 6 OTHER ENERGY-RELATED STATISTICS

Table 6.1 Table 6.2 Table 6.3 Table 6.4 Table 6.5 Installed Capacity of Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems, 2008 - 2012 Electricity Grid Emission Factor and Upstream Fugitive Methane Emission Factor, 2005 - 2012 Licensed Electrical, Gas and Cable Detection Workers, 2005 - 2012 Peak System Demand, 2005 - 2012 Installed Electricity Generation Capacity, 2009 - 2012
64
68 68 68 69 69
TECHNICAL NOTES GLOSSARY
70 76
Notes: a. This publication contains statistics that are the most recently available at the time of its preparation. b. Numbers may not add up to the totals due to rounding. c. Some statistics, particularly for the most recent time periods, are provisional and may be subject to revision in later issues. d. All statistical tables above are available in machine-readable format on www.ema.gov.sg. Notations: - nil, negligible or not applicable.
ENERGY SNAPSHOT
of Singapore
EMAs role: Regulator of Singapores electricity and gas industries and the Power System Operator
14 Generation Licensees with 10,477.5 MW of installed generation capacity. Renery operations in Singapore produced 53.7 million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) of rened products in 2011. Contestable consumers accounted for 67% of total electricity sales in 2012.
Market Share of Generation Companies

6.4% 8.6% 9.2% 26.3%
24.5%
25.1%
Total Electricity Generated

Senoko Energy YTL PowerSeraya Tuas Power Generation SembCorp Cogen Keppel Merlimau Cogen Others
2009
2012
41.8 TWh
46.9 TWh
ENERGY SNAPSHOT
of Singapore
Households in public and private housing consumed on average 369.1 kWh and 777.8 kWh of electricity per month respectively. Monthly town gas consumption by public and private housing households was on average 82.6 kWh and 89.0 kWh respectively.
Singapores rst Liqueed Natural Gas (LNG) terminal started operations in May 2013 with an initial capacity of 3.5 million tonnes per annum (MTPA), and is expected to increase to 6 MTPA by end 2013. LNG was rst imported by BG Group into Singapore in 2013, from its portfolio of LNG supply worldwide.
Fuel Mix For Electricity Generation

Natural Gas in 2005 Natural Gas in 2012
74%
84%
01
EN SU E PP RG LY Y
ENERGY SUPPLY
Imports and Exports

Singapore has no indigenous energy resources, and is dependent on energy imports to support her overall energy needs. Imports of energy products reached 157.4 Mtoe in 2012, a decline of 1.7% from the 160.2 Mtoe reported in 2011. Petroleum products imports fell 7.8% to 97.6 Mtoe on the back of lower demand for fuel oil, gas/diesel oil and gasoline in Singapore. On the other hand, imports of crude oil & natural gas liquids (NGL) increased 11.7% to reach 51.7 Mtoe in 2012. Similar to imports, total energy exports was also lower in 2012. Energy exports fell by 10.2% to 84.6 Mtoe, largely due to weaker external demand for petroleum products. Among major petroleum products, both fuel oil and gas/diesel oil exports experienced double-digit percentage declines to reach 22.5 Mtoe and 23.8 Mtoe respectively, while gasoline exports remained steady at 24.3 Mtoe.
Imports and Exports of Energy Products

180 160 140 120 Mtoe 100 80 60 40 20 0 2005 2006 Imports
Crude Oil & Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) Petroleum Products Natural Gas
2007
2008
2009
2010 Exports
2011
2012
Petroleum Products Other Energy Products1
Exports of Other Energy Products were negligible.
ENERGY SUPPLY
Stock Change
Stock Change1 There was a stock draw of 981.3 ktoe of energy products from inventory in 2011, compared to a stock draw of 629.0 ktoe in 2010. This was in contrast to 2009 when there was a stock build of 1,883.4 ktoe of energy products to overall inventory. In 2011, the bulk of stock draw comprised petroleum products, mainly in the form of middle distillates (508.9 ktoe) and heavy distillates (390.7 ktoe), as well as crude oil & NGL (287.8 ktoe). On the other hand, there was an inventory build of about 206.1 ktoe of light distillates in the same year.
Stock Change
1500 Stock Draw 1000 500 ktoe Stock Build 0 -500 -1000 -1500 -2000 -2500 2009 2010 2011
Stock change refers to the net increase (stock draw) or net decrease (stock build) in the quantity of energy products over the reference year. They are calculated as a difference between the opening and closing inventory at the start and end of the calendar year respectively.
ENERGY SUPPLY
Table 1.1: Imports of Energy Products, 2005 - 2012
Energy Products Total Coal & Coal Products Crude Oil & Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) Crude Oil Other Crude Oil and NGL Petroleum Products Fuel Oil Gas/ Diesel Oil Gasoline Jet Fuel Kerosene Naphtha Other Petroleum Products Natural Gas
Unit: Mtoe
2009
146.2 0.0 48.5 47.5 1.0 90.3 54.8 15.1 11.8 3.1 4.6 0.9 7.4
2005
115.2 0.0 59.7 58.9 0.8 49.3 29.6 4.0 7.6 2.2 4.1 1.8 6.2
2006
122.2 0.0 57.7 56.7 0.9 57.8 35.5 6.3 7.9 2.4 3.7 1.9 6.7
2007
126.7 0.0 56.1 55.1 0.9 63.5 40.3 6.4 9.1 2.8 3.8 0.9 7.1
2008
138.7 0.0 55.1 54.1 1.0 76.3 47.4 9.1 10.5 3.5 4.4 1.4 7.3
2010
154.5 0.0 45.4 44.3 1.1 101.1 58.0 17.5 14.9 3.6 6.0 1.1 8.0
2011
160.2 0.0 46.3 45.3 1.1 105.8 62.6 17.6 14.8 2.2 6.1 2.5 8.1
2012
157.4 0.0 51.7 50.4 1.2 97.6 59.4 14.6 14.0 1.6 6.4 1.6 8.1
Sources: International Enterprise (IE) Singapore and Energy Market Authority (EMA)
Table 1.2: Exports of Energy Products, 2005 - 2012

Energy Products Total Coal & Coal Products Crude Oil & Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) Crude Oil Other Crude Oil and NGL Petroleum Products Fuel Oil Gas/ Diesel Oil Gasoline Jet Fuel Kerosene Naphtha Other Petroleum Products 2005 64.4 0.0 0.8 0.2 0.6 63.6 16.1 15.2 15.2 7.0 2.5 7.7 2006 67.3 0.0 0.8 0.2 0.6 66.5 17.7 17.3 15.1 6.9 1.9 7.6 2007 72.1 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.6 71.4 19.5 18.2 17.2 7.9 1.7 6.9 2008 79.5 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.7 78.7 20.9 20.6 19.6 8.2 2.1 7.3 2009 83.9 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.8 83.1 22.3 24.8 20.8 7.2 1.6 6.5 2010 88.9 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.7 88.1 21.8 27.4 24.0 7.2 1.0 6.7
Unit: Mtoe
2011 94.2 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.7 93.5 26.6 28.1 24.5 6.1 1.1 7.1 2012 84.6 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.8 83.8 22.5 23.8 24.3 5.1 0.5 7.6
Notes: a. All data are compiled from IEs trade statistics except Natural Gas data, which are compiled from EMAs administrative returns. b. IE releases trade data in volumetric units. EMA releases similar data in energy units (Mtoe). c. The product classication of energy products differs from that used by IE for trade statistics.
10
ENERGY SUPPLY
Table 1.3: Domestic Exports of Energy Products, 2005 - 2012
Energy Products Total Crude Oil & Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) Crude Oil Other Crude Oil and NGL Petroleum Products Fuel Oil Gas/ Diesel Oil Gasoline Jet Fuel Kerosene Naphtha Other Petroleum Products 2005 58.0 0.4 0.0 0.4 57.6 14.8 14.1 12.7 6.1 2.4 7.5 2006 54.5 0.4 0.0 0.4 54.1 15.5 13.6 10.5 5.5 1.8 7.2 2007 53.4 0.4 0.0 0.4 53.0 14.9 14.6 9.5 5.8 1.7 6.6 2008 55.6 0.5 0.0 0.5 55.1 14.3 16.3 8.3 7.2 1.9 7.1 2009 55.7 0.6 0.0 0.6 55.1 13.7 17.6 9.9 6.2 1.5 6.2 2010 55.3 0.5 0.0 0.5 54.8 11.7 19.1 11.6 5.0 0.9 6.4
Unit: Mtoe
2011 63.7 0.5 0.0 0.5 63.2 18.0 19.8 12.9 4.8 1.0 6.8 2012 63.9 0.5 0.0 0.5 63.4 20.0 16.5 14.9 4.4 0.4 7.2
Table 1.4: Re-Exports of Energy Products, 2005 - 2012

Energy Products Total Crude Oil & Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) Crude Oil Other Crude Oil and NGL Petroleum Products Fuel Oil Gas/ Diesel Oil Gasoline Jet Fuel Kerosene Naphtha Other Petroleum Products 2005 6.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 6.0 1.3 1.1 2.5 0.8 0.0 0.3 2006 12.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 12.4 2.2 3.7 4.6 1.3 0.1 0.5 2007 18.7 0.3 0.1 0.2 18.4 4.6 3.6 7.8 2.1 0.1 0.3 2008 24.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 23.7 6.6 4.3 11.3 1.1 0.2 0.2 2009 28.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 28.0 8.6 7.3 10.9 0.9 0.0 0.3 2010 33.6 0.3 0.0 0.3 33.3 10.1 8.3 12.4 2.2 0.1 0.3
Unit: Mtoe
2011 30.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 30.2 8.6 8.2 11.6 1.4 0.1 0.4 2012 20.7 0.3 0.0 0.3 20.4 2.5 7.3 9.3 0.7 0.1 0.5
Note: a. The product classication of energy products differs from that used by IE for trade statistics.
11
ENERGY SUPPLY
Table 1.5: Stock Change, 2009 - 2011
Energy Products Total Crude Oil & Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) Petroleum Products Light Distillates Middle Distillates Heavy Distillates & Residuum 2009 (1,883.4) (458.7) (1,424.7) (166.7) (296.5) (961.5) 2010 629.0 (47.2) 676.2 39.6 (0.7) 637.3
Unit: ktoe
2011 981.3 287.8 693.5 (206.1) 508.9 390.7
Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)
Notes: a. Stock change refers to the net increase (stock draw) or net decrease (stock build) in the quantity of energy products over the reference year. They are calculated as a difference between the opening and closing inventory at the start and end of the calendar year respectively. b. A negative gure denotes a stock build. A positive gure denotes a stock draw.
12
14
02
EN TR E AN RG SF Y OR M AT IO N
15
ENERGY TRANSFORMATION
Electricity Generation
Singapore has a vibrant energy industry, which produces, transforms and supplies energy in various forms to all sectors. This is largely dominated by the electricity generation and oil rening sector. Manufacturing of petrochemical products is also another key component of Singapores energy industry. Electricity Generation The electricity generation sector produced a total of 4,034.0 ktoe (or 46.9 TWh) of electricity in 2012, 2.0% higher than the 3,954.8 ktoe (or 46.0 TWh) generated in 2011. Main Power Producers (MPPs) generated 96.3% of this total, while autoproducers accounted for the remaining 3.7%. MPPs consumed a total of 1,278.2 ktoe of petroleum products, 7,110.4 ktoe of natural gas and 602.3 ktoe of other energy products to generate 3,886.4 ktoe of electricity. Autoproducers produced 147.6 ktoe of electricity while consuming 57.5 ktoe of petroleum products, 374.8 ktoe of natural gas and 283.8 ktoe of other energy products. Unit: ktoe
2012 Total Electricity Generation Main Power Producers Autoproducers Petroleum Products -1,335.7 -1,278.2 -57.5 Natural Gas -7,485.2 -7,110. 4 -374.8 Others -886.1 -602.3 -283.8 Electricity 4,034.0 3,886.4 147.6
1,278.2
Petroleum Products
602.3
Main Power Producers 3,886.4
7,110.4
Natural Gas
374.8 Autoproducers 147.6 Electricity
Others
283.8 57.5
16
Fuel Mix for Electricity Generation in Singapore Singapores electricity generation industry is increasingly adopting Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) plants, which use natural gas as its primary fuel. The share of natural gas in Singapores fuel mix rose to 84.3% in 2012, higher than the 78.0% registered in 2011. The rise in the proportion of natural gas is mainly due to new CCGTs coming into operation and displacing older oil-red steam units in 2012. This also resulted in a fall in petroleum products contribution to the fuel mix by 6.1 percentage points to 12.3%. Other energy products (e.g. municipal waste) constituted the remaining 3.4% of fuel consumed.
Electricity Generation Fuel Mix
Electricity Generation Fuel Mix

100 80 60 40 20 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Natural Gas
2010
2011
Others
2012
Petroleum Products
17
Oil Rening
Energy Flows in Oil Rening Sector In 2011, the oil rening sector used 56.3 Mtoe of renery inputs, or an increase of 5.6% from 53.3 Mtoe used in the previous year. These inputs comprised mainly raw and intermediate materials. Renery operations produced 53.7 Mtoe of renery output in 2011. This was 6.1% higher than the corresponding output of 50.6 Mtoe in 2010. Of these, 46.3% (or 24.9 Mtoe) were in the form of middle distillates such as jet kerosene, other kerosenes and gas/diesel oil. Heavy distillates (29.7% or 15.9 Mtoe) and light distillates (24.0% or 12.9 Mtoe) accounted for the remaining renery output.
Renery Inputs & Outputs

60 50 40 Mtoe 30 20 10 0 2009
Renery Input Light Distillates
2010
Middle Distillates
2011
Heavy Distillates & Residuum
18
Table 2.1: Energy Flows in the Electricity Generation Sector, 2009 - 2012
2009 Total Energy Inputs in the Electricity Generation Sector Total Gross Electricity Generated by the Electricity Generation Sector Energy Inputs into Main Power Producers Petroleum Products Natural Gas Others Gross Electricity Generated by Main Power Producers Energy Inputs into Autoproducers Petroleum Products Natural Gas Others Gross Electricity Generated by Autoproducers 227.4 312.0 98.4 258.5 313.2 108.6 14.9 263.7 330.3 112.6 57.5 374.8 283.8 147.6 1,463.5 6,113.0 438.8 3,497.1 1,915.2 6,369.8 587.3 3,791.7 1,885.5 6,561.6 603.4 3,842.2 1,278.2 7,110.4 602.3 3,886.4 8,554.7 3,595.5 2010 9,444.0 3,900.3 2011 9,659.4 3,954.8
Unit: ktoe
2012 9706.9 4,034.0
Table 2.2: Fuel Mix1 for Electricity Generation by Energy Products, 2005 - 2012
2005 Petroleum Products Natural Gas Others 22.0 74.4 3.6 2006 18.9 77.8 3.3 2007 17.8 79.2 3.1 2008 15.4 80.4 4.3 2009 15.4 80.6 4.1
Unit: Percent (%)

2010 18.7 77.2 4.1 2011 18.4 78.0 3.6 2012 12.3 84.3 3.4
The Fuel Mix presented in this table is calculated using the Output Method.
Note: a. The Output Method uses the amount of electricity generated and the corresponding type of fuel used to calculate the fuel mix for the generation of electricity. It takes the domestic fuel-to-electricity conversion efciency of the generating plants as well as the type of plants used into account.
19
Table 2.3: Energy Flows in the Oil Rening Sector, 2009 - 2011
2009 Renery Input1 Renery Output2 Light Distillates Middle Distillates Heavy Distillates & Residuum 47,183.1 45,390.6 12,452.2 20,307.0 12,631.4 2010 53,283.7 50,631.0 12,795.0 22,909.0 14,927.0
Unit: ktoe
2011 56,281.4 53,713.0 12,908.0 24,877.0 15,928.0
Renery inputs refer to the total amount of energy products that enter the rening process in the rening sector Renery outputs refer to the total amount of energy products that exit from the rening process in the rening sector.
20
22
03
EN CO E N RG SU Y M PT IO N
23
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Electricity
Electricity Sales by Contestability & Sector Electricity sales grew by 2.0% from 41.7 TWh in 2011 to 42.6 TWh in 2012. Industryrelated consumption was relatively stable at 16.9 TWh, while consumption by the commerce & services-related sector increased by 2.7% to 16.1 TWh. Both households and the transport-related sector also experienced positive growth in electricity consumption by 2.3% and 4.9% respectively. Contestable consumers1 accounted for 66.9% (or 28.5 TWh) of electricity sales, while the remaining were attributed to non-contestable consumers. Among contestable consumers, industry-related and commerce & services-related consumers accounted for 54.9% (or 15.6 TWh) and 37.1% (or 10.6 TWh) of total electricity sales to contestable consumers respectively. Another 7.8% or 2.2 TWh of such sales were attributed to the transport-related sector. Electricity sales to non-contestable consumers were mostly made to households (47.2% or 6.6 TWh), while another 39.6% (or 5.6 TWh) of sales were attributed to the commerce & services-related sector. The industry-related sector accounted for another 9.3% (or 1.3 TWh) of non-contestable electricity sales.
Electricity Sales by Contestability & Sector

Non-Contestable
2.6% 1.2% 9.3% Total 42.6 TWh
Contestable
0.3% 7.8%
Contestable 28.5 TWh 47.2% Non-Contestable 14.1 TWh 2012 Industrial-related Transport-related Commerce & Services-related Households Others 37.1% 54.9%
39.6%
Contestable consumers refers to electricity consumers who are allowed to purchase electricity either from third-party retailers or the wholesale market. Please see the glossary for more details.
24
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Electricity
Household Electricity Sales Total household electricity consumption rose by 2.3% to reach 6,641.0 GWh in 2012. Of this, public housing units accounted for 60% (or 3,970.1 GWh), with private housing units consuming the remaining 40% (or 2,647.0 GWh). This 60:40 proportion of monthly electricity consumption by public housing and private housing remained relatively stable throughout the year.
Total Electricity Consumption of Households, 2012

600
450
GWh
300
150
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Public Housing
Private Housing
25
Electricity
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
The average monthly household consumption over 2012 was 467.5 kWh, marginally higher than the 466.8 kWh recorded a year earlier. Households in public housing generally consumed less electricity than their counterparts in private housing. The average monthly consumption over the same year of a public housing unit was 369.1 kWh, about half the corresponding consumption of a private housing unit (777.8 kWh).
Average Monthly Household Electricity Consumption, 2012

900 750 kWh 600 450 300 150 0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Public Housing
Private Housing
A typical public housing 4-room unit consumed about 379.6 kWh of electricity a month in 2012. Using this as a benchmark, 1-2 room and 3-room units on average consumed 40.5% (or 153.8 kWh) and 73.3% (or 278.2 kWh) of electricity relative to a 4-room unit respectively. Average electricity consumption in a public housing 5-room and executive at (465.0 kWh) was 22.5% higher compared to a typical 4-room at.
Average Monthly Electricity Consumption by Public Housing Dwelling Type, 2012

600 kWh 400 200 0
26 1-room / 2-room 3-room 4-room 5-room & Executive
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Natural Gas
Natural Gas Final Use in Singapore In 2012, natural gas sales to nal consumers1 amounted to 1,255.5 ktoe. The bulk of natural gas (87.2% or 1,094.6 ktoe) was sold to industry-related nal consumers mostly for manufacturing activities. Natural gas was also consumed by the commerce & services-related sector (5.9%), households (4.5%) and the transport-related sector (1.7%). Natural gas was used by households and the commerce & services-related sector in the form of town gas, mainly for cooking and heating; while the transport-related sector consumed natural gas mainly in the form of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) for motor vehicles.
Final Natural Gas Sales

1.6% 1.2% 5.7% 6.4% 5.9% 1.7% 0.6% 4.5%
85.2%
87.2%
2009 Total: 950.2 ktoe

Industrial-related Commerce & Services-related
2012 Total: 1,255.5 ktoe

Transport-related Households Others
Final consumers exclude electricity generators.
27
Town Gas
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Household Town Gas Sales Household consumption of natural gas is in the form of town gas. This town gas is manufactured and then sold to households and other end-consumers by City Gas in Singapore. Monthly household town gas consumption averaged 83.8 kWh in 2012, a marginal increase from the 83.7 kWh recorded in 2011. Among public housing units, households in 1-room/2-room and 3-room ats consumed a monthly average of 57.1 kWh and 71.2 kWh of town gas respectively. Town gas consumption of 4-room ats (84.8 kWh) did not differ signicantly from those of 5-room and executive units (87.2 kWh). For private housing, the average town gas consumption by apartments and condominium units was 86.4 kWh, while the corresponding monthly consumption by landed properties was 132.5 kWh.
Average Monthly Town Gas Consumption, 2012

150 125 100 kWh 75 50 25 0
1-room / 2-room 3-room 4-room 5-room & Executive Private Landed Apartments Properties and Condominiums
28
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Table 3.1a: Electricity Sales by Sub-Sector (Total), 2007 - 2012
2007
Overall Industrial-related Manufacturing Construction Utilities Other Industrial-related Commerce & Services-related Wholesale and Retail Trade Accommodation and Food Services Information and Communications Financial and Insurance Activities Real Estate Activities Professional, Scientic & Technical, Administration & Support Activities Other Commerce & Services-related Transport-related Households Others 37,298.6 15,577.6 14,651.6 268.8 633.3 23.9 13,618.2 1,981.4 1,136.5 724.3 1,460.7 3,776.7 522.6 4,016.0 1,339.4 6,172.6 590.7
Unit: GWh
2009 2010
41,020.7 16,529.6 15,224.5 326.7 950.5 27.9 15,165.4 2,120.7 1,188.4 873.9 1,813.3 4,242.7 754.4 4,172.0 2,143.3 6,647.5 534.9
2008
38,057.1 15,768.2 14,714.1 289.6 740.0 24.5 14,180.6 2,009.0 1,170.4 792.0 1,545.4 3,891.2 556.8 4,215.8 1,453.9 6,104.1 550.3
2011
41,724.8 16,776.8 15,388.2 352.5 1,008.3 27.8 15,716.4 2,114.5 1,192.8 942.9 2,015.7 4,265.9 907.4 4,277.2 2,278.6 6,494.1 459.0
2012
42,568.6 16,945.9 15,421.2 431.2 1,068.1 25.4 16,136.4 2,043.0 1,214.9 1,047.6 2,262.2 4,261.0 937.4 4,370.3 2,391.0 6,641.0 454.3
37,708.8 14,727.0 13,621.6 297.9 782.0 25.5 14,368.8 1,893.3 1,160.9 810.2 1,729.1 4,007.8 583.4 4,184.1 1,652.8 6,441.4 518.8
29
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Table 3.1b: Electricity Sales by Sub-Sector (Non-Contestable Consumers), 2007 - 2012
2007 Overall Industrial-related Manufacturing Construction Utilities Other Industrial-related Commerce & Services-related Wholesale and Retail Trade Accommodation and Food Services Information and Communications Financial and Insurance Activities Real Estate Activities Professional, Scientic & Technical, Administration & Support Activities Other Commerce & Services-related Transport-related Households Others 12,523.1 817.3 571.5 183.1 57.1 5.6 4,883.9 764.9 357.6 161.4 368.3 2,088.7 256.1 886.8 146.7 6,172.6 502.5 2008 12,500.3 920.9 675.6 200.9 38.8 5.6 4,863.7 768.8 369.5 175.2 379.0 1,982.8 287.6 900.8 143.1 6,104.1 468.5 2009 12,554.2 781.9 516.8 219.0 40.2 6.0 4,758.9 759.1 363.1 177.7 360.3 1,907.4 298.3 893.0 127.3 6,441.4 444.7 2010 13,216.3 1,035.2 716.6 252.1 58.1 8.4 4,934.0 806.3 393.0 202.8 364.7 1,913.5 302.0 951.7 137.6 6,647.5 462.1
Unit: GWh
2011 13,509.1 1,191.3 842.2 290.6 47.4 11.1 5,256.5 875.9 433.4 227.9 422.2 1,941.7 325.8 1,029.7 152.5 6,494.1 414.9 2012 14,071.3 1,313.5 886.5 362.3 50.4 14.3 5,575.9 946.9 483.3 303.1 450.0 1,963.9 357.1 1,071.6 169.3 6,641.0 371.6
30
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Table 3.1c: Electricity Sales by Sub-Sector (Contestable Consumers), 2007 - 2012
2007 Overall Industrial-related Manufacturing Construction Utilities Other Industrial-related Commerce & Services-related Wholesale and Retail Trade Accommodation and Food Services Information and Communications Financial and Insurance Activities Real Estate Activities Professional, Scientic & Technical, Administration & Support Activities Other Commerce & Services-related Transport-related Households Others 24,775.6 14,760.3 14,080.1 85.7 576.2 18.3 8,734.3 1,216.5 778.9 562.9 1,092.4 1,688.0 266.5 3,129.2 1,192.7 88.2 2008 25,556.8 14,847.3 14,038.5 88.7 701.2 18.9 9,316.9 1,240.3 800.9 616.8 1,166.4 1,908.4 269.2 3,315.0 1,310.8 81.8 2009 25,154.5 13,945.1 13,104.9 79.0 741.8 19.5 9,609.9 1,134.3 797.7 632.5 1,368.8 2,100.5 285.0 3,291.2 1,525.5 74.1 2010 27,804.4 15,494.4 14,507.9 74.7 892.4 19.5 10,231.4 1,314.4 795.4 671.1 1,448.5 2,329.2 452.4 3,220.3 2,005.7 72.9
Unit: GWh
2011 28,215.7 15,585.5 14,545.9 62.0 960.9 16.7 10,459.9 1,238.6 759.4 715.0 1,593.5 2,324.2 581.6 3,247.5 2,126.1 44.1 2012 28,497.3 15,632.4 14,534.6 68.9 1,017.7 11.1 10,560.5 1,096.1 731.7 744.5 1,812.2 2,297.1 580.3 3,298.7 2,221.7 82.7
31
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Table 3.2: Total Household Electricity Sales by Dwelling Type, 2009 - 2012
2009 Overall Public Housing 1-Room / 2-Room 3-Room 4-Room 5-Room and Executive Private Housing Private Apartments and Condominiums Landed Properties Others Jan 477.2 290.8 5.9 53.9 115.5 115.5 184.5 108.7 75.8 1.9 Feb 461.3 280.3 5.6 52.4 111.1 111.1 179.3 104.1 75.3 1.7 Mar 462.0 279.0 5.5 51.8 110.8 110.8 181.3 107.1 74.2 1.7 Apr 511.4 310.2 6.1 57.7 123.4 123.1 199.3 118.8 80.4 1.9 May 557.5 336.4 6.6 62.6 133.3 134.1 219.0 133.0 86.0 2.0 Jun 610.5 370.9 6.8 68.1 147.6 148.3 237.4 143.3 94.1 2.2
2010 Overall Public Housing 1-Room / 2-Room 3-Room 4-Room 5-Room and Executive Private Housing Private Apartments and Condominiums Landed Properties Others
Jan 491.5 298.7 6.2 55.6 119.0 117.9 190.9 113.9 77.0 1.9
Feb 504.8 302.9 6.1 56.5 120.2 120.1 199.9 117.5 82.4 2.0
Mar 548.5 325.9 6.4 60.4 129.4 129.7 220.7 132.7 88.0 2.0
Apr 586.0 352.0 6.8 64.6 140.2 140.4 231.7 140.3 91.5 2.2
May 574.5 345.9 7.0 64.6 137.3 137.0 226.5 138.6 87.9 2.1
Jun 607.0 365.6 7.2 67.8 145.6 145.0 239.1 145.2 93.9 2.3
32
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Unit: GWh
Jul 593.6 359.9 6.8 65.3 142.9 144.9 231.6 140.2 91.4 2.1 Aug 573.1 349.7 6.8 65.5 138.2 139.2 221.3 133.3 88.0 2.0 Sep 555.8 337.5 6.6 62.3 134.1 134.5 216.2 130.3 86.0 2.0 Oct 558.3 337.8 6.7 62.6 134.0 134.5 218.5 131.4 87.1 2.1 Nov 563.9 339.0 6.8 62.7 134.3 135.2 222.8 135.8 86.9 2.1 Dec 516.9 310.9 6.3 57.9 123.3 123.3 204.1 122.1 81.9 2.0 Annual 6,441.4 3,902.3 76.6 722.9 1,548.5 1,554.3 2,515.3 1,508.2 1,007.1 23.7 2009 Overall Public Housing 1-Room / 2-Room 3-Room 4-Room 5-Room and Executive Private Housing Private Apartments and Condominiums Landed Properties Others
Unit: GWh
33
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Table 3.2: Total Household Electricity Sales by Dwelling Type, 2009 - 2012 (continued)
Jan 504.2 303.9 7.1 56.6 121.9 118.3 198.4 120.9 77.5 1.9
Feb 505.9 301.5 6.9 55.8 121.1 117.8 202.4 121.4 81.0 1.9
Mar 509.5 303.3 6.9 56.0 121.7 118.7 204.4 124.5 79.9 1.9
Apr 541.8 323.8 7.4 59.9 130.3 126.3 216.0 132.5 83.4 2.0
May 558.1 334.0 7.5 61.6 134.4 130.5 222.1 138.3 83.9 1.9
Jun 608.9 364.7 8.0 66.8 147.0 142.8 242.1 150.1 91.9 2.2
34
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Unit: GWh
Jul 587.0 354.9 7.6 65.9 141.8 139.6 229.9 142.8 87.1 2.1 Aug 591.6 356.5 7.7 66.0 142.7 140.1 232.9 142.2 90.7 2.1 Sep 583.6 354.0 7.6 65.4 141.6 139.3 227.5 139.9 87.6 2.1 Oct 558.7 335.3 7.4 62.1 134.4 131.4 221.2 134.7 86.5 2.1 Nov 542.0 326.0 7.3 60.2 130.5 128.0 213.9 132.0 82.0 2.0 Dec 506.8 304.8 6.9 56.6 122.2 119.1 200.0 122.4 77.6 1.9 Annual 6,494.1 3,911.6 85.0 726.5 1,564.4 1,535.7 2,558.0 1,560.3 997.7 24.4 2011 Overall Public Housing 1-Room / 2-Room 3-Room 4-Room 5-Room and Executive Private Housing Private Apartments and Condominiums Landed Properties Others
Unit: GWh
35
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Table 3.3: Average Monthly Household Electricity Sales by Dwelling Type, 2009 - 2012
2009 Overall Public Housing 1-Room / 2-Room 3-Room 4-Room 5-Room and Executive Private Housing Private Apartments and Condominiums Landed Properties Jan 426.6 335.7 138.8 248.5 347.2 421.6 741.9 604.4 1,101.6 Feb 412.4 324.0 132.6 242.0 334.2 406.1 718.3 576.7 1,087.1 Mar 411.9 321.8 129.7 239.0 332.8 404.0 722.7 588.3 1,078.1 Apr 455.2 357.9 142.4 265.9 370.5 449.1 787.6 649.2 1,149.5 May 495.9 388.0 152.9 287.9 400.3 489.3 864.9 723.3 1,240.8 Jun 541.7 427.6 159.4 313.4 443.1 541.4 928.1 772.4 1,339.0
2010 Overall Public Housing 1-Room / 2-Room 3-Room 4-Room 5-Room and Executive Private Housing Private Apartments and Condominiums Landed Properties
Jan 433.4 343.2 143.2 255.8 354.8 429.8 734.7 598.9 1,105.4
Feb 446.0 348.4 142.7 260.1 358.4 438.5 773.4 622.4 1,182.4
Mar 482.0 373.2 146.6 277.1 384.3 471.8 845.7 693.8 1,262.0
Apr 513.4 402.6 156.0 296.0 415.2 510.9 880.6 728.3 1,296.4
May 505.3 396.8 159.5 296.8 408.1 500.1 866.5 721.5 1,268.6
Jun 531.5 418.5 163.3 311.2 431.5 528.4 903.2 747.2 1,333.7
36
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Unit: kWh
Jul 529.0 417.6 158.7 306.0 430.5 529.8 902.7 750.9 1,308.4 Aug 506.9 402.8 158.4 301.4 414.2 507.8 856.1 709.0 1,248.7 Sep 492.4 389.1 153.2 287.4 402.0 490.9 840.1 693.8 1,234.4 Oct 492.4 388.2 154.1 287.6 400.4 490.1 839.8 693.2 1,232.9 Nov 497.5 389.5 156.4 288.3 400.9 492.5 859.5 716.8 1,247.4 Dec 455.8 357.2 145.6 266.4 367.8 449.4 785.4 644.5 1,165.3 Annual 476.6 375.0 148.6 277.8 387.0 472.7 821.2 677.6 1,203.2 2009 Overall Public Housing 1-Room / 2-Room 3-Room 4-Room 5-Room and Executive Private Housing Private Apartments and Condominiums Landed Properties
Unit: kWh
37
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Table 3.3: Average Monthly Household Electricity Sales by Dwelling Type, 2009 - 2012 (continued)
2011 Overall Public Housing 1-Room / 2-Room 3-Room 4-Room 5-Room and Executive Private Housing Private Apartments and Condominiums Landed Properties Jan 436.3 346.4 147.8 257.8 357.4 436.4 730.4 597.3 1,110.9 Feb 404.1 319.2 135.8 239.1 328.3 401.9 682.8 546.7 1,067.0 Mar 404.0 317.5 132.8 238.1 327.4 399.2 685.6 550.7 1,071.3 Apr 454.5 357.1 147.7 268.4 367.8 449.0 770.0 633.4 1,160.1 May 490.0 383.3 157.7 290.1 394.8 480.5 838.3 691.5 1,262.7 Jun 521.0 413.1 164.3 310.3 425.7 520.5 869.9 719.9 1,300.5
Jan 431.1 341.7 148.9 258.9 351.5 428.1 717.9 583.6 1,119.6
Feb 430.9 338.2 143.2 255.4 347.8 425.3 726.1 582.6 1,151.8
Mar 432.1 339.0 143.4 255.4 348.5 427.0 728.3 591.6 1,138.0
Apr 459.1 362.1 151.9 273.7 372.7 455.2 765.3 627.3 1,176.3
May 472.4 373.0 153.7 282.2 383.5 469.6 787.8 653.0 1,194.0
Jun 514.0 406.7 164.4 306.3 418.7 512.7 851.6 704.7 1,291.0
Note: a. Annual gures are average monthly electricity sales, weighted by the number of SP Services transactional records.
38
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Unit: kWh
Unit: kWh
39
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Table 3.4: Average Monthly Household Electricity Sales by URA Region, 2009 - 2012
2009 Overall Central Region Eastern Region North-Eastern Region Northern Region Western Region 2010 Overall Central Region Eastern Region North-Eastern Region Northern Region Western Region 2011 Overall Central Region Eastern Region North-Eastern Region Northern Region Western Region 2012 Overall Central Region Eastern Region North-Eastern Region Northern Region Western Region 1-Room 2-Room 148.6 146.9 150.6 156.4 136.4 160.2 1-Room 2-Room 153.5 152.6 156.0 158.9 137.6 162.7 1-Room 2-Room 153.0 152.1 153.6 154.2 148.0 161.8 1-Room 2-Room 153.8 153.3 152.4 157.6 152.6 154.6 3-Room 277.8 282.6 281.9 278.7 268.7 268.9 3-Room 284.3 290.1 289.7 283.2 276.9 273.3 3-Room 276.8 282.3 281.5 273.5 272.3 267.7 3-Room 278.2 283.4 283.4 275.7 273.7 268.9 4-Room 387.0 384.8 406.8 386.9 380.1 380.3 4-Room 394.4 388.0 417.3 393.9 389.6 387.6 4-Room 379.8 375.1 404.1 372.0 379.0 374.7 4-Room 379.6 374.8 405.7 371.1 380.0 373.7 5-Room Executive 472.7 472.8 505.2 465.2 470.5 458.1 5-Room Executive 482.4 476.1 519.2 475.3 482.8 466.6 5-Room Executive 464.7 455.5 500.5 456.3 468.4 450.2 5-Room Executive 465.0 454.3 500.4 454.7 470.8 451.9
Unit: kWh
Overall 375.0 327.2 404.9 384.9 394.5 383.1 Overall 382.4 333.0 415.6 391.8 403.8 389.7 Overall 368.9 323.1 401.7 372.7 392.1 376.5 Overall 369.1 324.7 401.9 371.7 392.7 375.8
40
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Table 3.5: Final Natural Gas Sales by Sub-Sector, 2009 - 2012
2009 Overall Industrial-related Manufacturing Construction Utilities Other Industrial-related Commerce & Services-related Wholesale and Retail Trade Accomodation and Food Services Information and Communications Financial and Insurance Activities Real Estate Activities Professional, Scientic & Technical, Administration & Support Activities Other Commerce & Services-related Transport-related Households Others 950.2 809.1 799.0 2.8 7.3 0.0 61.1 2.5 37.4 0.0 6.2 2.1 2.0 10.8 14.9 54.0 11.0 2010 1,239.1 1,084.6 1,073.8 2.7 8.0 0.0 68.0 2.5 41.5 0.0 7.3 2.2 2.4 12.1 22.8 53.9 9.7 2011 1,300.2 1,134.7 1,123.2 4.1 7.3 0.0 72.6 2.6 44.6 0.0 7.4 2.3 2.5 13.1 28.4 55.2 9.4
Unit: ktoe
2012 1,255.5 1,094.6 1,083.3 4.3 7.0 0.0 74.2 3.1 45.9 0.0 7.0 2.4 2.8 12.9 21.8 56.9 8.0
41
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Table 3.6: Total Household Town Gas Sales by Dwelling Type, 2009 - 2012
Jan 51.6 40.9 1.1 6.1 16.2 17.5 9.5 8.6 0.9 1.3
Feb 51.8 41.1 1.0 6.0 16.3 17.8 9.5 8.6 0.9 1.2
Mar 52.0 41.4 1.0 6.0 16.3 18.0 9.5 8.5 1.0 1.1
Apr 53.2 42.5 1.0 6.2 16.8 18.5 9.6 8.6 1.0 1.1
May 51.1 40.5 1.0 5.9 16.0 17.5 9.4 8.4 0.9 1.2
Jun 51.3 40.8 1.0 6.0 16.2 17.7 9.3 8.4 0.9 1.1
42
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Unit: GWh
Jul 50.5 40.8 1.0 5.9 16.2 17.7 8.5 7.6 0.9 1.2 Aug 52.8 42.5 1.0 6.3 16.7 18.4 9.1 8.2 0.9 1.2 Sep 54.3 43.5 1.0 6.3 17.2 18.9 9.6 8.6 1.0 1.2 Oct 54.1 43.4 1.1 6.3 17.2 18.9 9.4 8.5 0.9 1.2 Nov 53.2 42.4 1.1 6.2 16.8 18.4 9.6 8.6 0.9 1.3 Dec 50.5 40.2 1.0 6.0 15.9 17.3 9.2 8.2 0.9 1.1 Annual 628.6 505.2 12.5 74.1 199.8 218.9 108.8 97.6 11.3 14.5 2009 Overall Public Housing 1-Room / 2-Room 3-Room 4-Room 5-Room and Executive Private Housing Private Apartments and Condominiums Landed Properties Others
Unit: GWh
43
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Table 3.6: Total Household Town Gas Sales by Dwelling Type, 2009 - 2012 (continued)
Jan 53.5 41.6 1.1 6.1 16.6 17.8 10.7 9.8 0.9 1.3
Feb 55.4 43.0 1.1 6.1 17.2 18.5 11.2 10.2 0.9 1.3
Mar 55.5 43.1 1.1 6.1 17.2 18.7 11.2 10.2 0.9 1.2
Apr 55.9 43.4 1.1 6.2 17.4 18.8 11.3 10.4 0.9 1.2
May 54.0 41.8 1.1 5.9 16.8 18.1 10.9 10.0 0.9 1.2
Jun 54.6 42.6 1.1 6.0 17.2 18.4 10.8 9.9 0.9 1.2
44
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Unit: GWh
Unit: GWh
45
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Table 3.7: Average Monthly Household Town Gas Sales by Dwelling Type, 2009 - 2012
2009 Overall Public Housing 1-Room / 2-Room 3-Room 4-Room 5-Room and Executive Private Housing Private Apartments and Condominiums Landed Properties Jan 84.1 84.3 61.4 76.0 88.2 86.1 82.7 79.0 135.7 Feb 86.6 86.7 61.6 77.6 90.4 89.1 85.8 82.0 139.3 Mar 85.8 85.8 59.8 76.1 89.1 88.7 85.8 82.1 140.8 Apr 86.4 85.8 59.0 75.4 89.4 88.8 89.3 85.3 147.8 May 84.7 84.6 60.1 75.4 87.8 87.3 85.4 81.8 137.4 Jun 85.3 85.6 58.8 75.5 89.1 88.6 84.0 80.4 137.2
Jan 83.3 82.7 60.8 74.2 86.2 84.6 86.0 82.9 132.7
Feb 83.8 83.2 59.5 73.9 86.2 86.0 86.5 83.2 136.2
Mar 83.7 83.3 57.3 73.1 86.3 86.9 85.4 81.7 140.6
Apr 85.5 85.5 58.2 75.2 88.6 89.0 85.6 82.0 139.6
May 82.1 81.7 57.9 72.6 84.6 84.6 84.1 80.7 136.1
Jun 82.2 82.0 56.5 72.5 84.9 85.3 83.1 79.8 132.0
46
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Unit: kWh
Jul 82.6 83.3 57.8 73.9 86.9 85.9 79.6 75.9 134.7 Aug 85.7 86.0 60.1 77.5 89.1 88.7 84.6 81.1 136.4 Sep 88.2 88.1 60.4 77.0 91.7 91.5 89.0 85.5 142.1 Oct 87.6 87.8 61.6 77.1 91.3 91.0 86.6 83.3 135.0 Nov 86.0 85.7 61.3 75.6 89.0 88.6 87.5 84.1 138.7 Dec 81.7 81.3 59.0 73.0 84.4 83.5 83.5 80.1 134.1 Annual 85.4 85.4 60.1 75.8 88.9 88.1 85.3 81.7 138.3 2009 Overall Public Housing 1-Room / 2-Room 3-Room 4-Room 5-Room and Executive Private Housing Private Apartments and Condominiums Landed Properties
Unit: kWh
47
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Table 3.7: Average Monthly Household Town Gas Sales by Dwelling Type, 2009 - 2012 (continued)
2011 Overall Public Housing 1-Room / 2-Room 3-Room 4-Room 5-Room and Executive Private Housing Private Apartments and Condominiums Landed Properties Jan 82.6 81.9 59.5 72.0 85.2 84.8 85.7 82.8 132.0 Feb 84.9 83.6 58.5 73.1 86.4 87.4 90.6 87.4 139.5 Mar 85.0 83.7 58.6 73.4 86.2 87.8 90.5 87.4 139.0 Apr 86.5 85.5 59.9 74.4 88.1 89.6 91.1 88.2 136.7 May 82.5 81.8 57.3 71.1 84.4 85.8 85.9 82.8 135.2 Jun 82.7 82.4 55.5 71.9 85.0 86.5 83.8 80.7 133.7
Jan 82.5 81.1 59.7 71.8 83.5 84.6 88.5 85.9 131.8
Feb 85.2 83.7 58.2 72.7 86.1 88.0 91.9 89.2 136.6
Mar 84.9 83.4 56.4 71.7 85.7 88.4 91.3 88.6 136.1
Apr 85.5 84.0 58.1 72.5 86.1 88.8 92.0 89.4 135.2
May 82.4 80.8 56.3 69.2 83.1 85.6 88.7 86.1 131.6
Jun 83.1 82.2 56.6 71.1 84.5 86.7 87.0 84.4 129.6
Note: a. Annual gures are average monthly gas sales, weighted by the number of SP Services transactional records.
48
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Unit: kWh
Unit: kWh
49
50
04
EN BA E LA RG N Y CE S
51
ENERGY BALANCES
An energy balance is an accounting framework for compilation and reconciliation of data on all energy products entering, exiting, and used within the national territory of a given country during a reference period. This table expresses all forms of energy in a common accounting unit and shows the relationships between the inputs to and the outputs from the energy transformation industries. The balance is divided into three main blocks: (a) The top block (Energy Supply) which shows the ow representing energy entering and leaving the national territory, as well as stock changes to provide information on total energy supply on the national territory during the reference period; The middle block (Energy Transformation) which shows how energy is (b) transformed, transferred, used by energy industries for own use and losses in distribution and transmission; and (c) The bottom block (Final Consumption) which shows nal energy consumption by energy consumers.
52
ENERGY BALANCES
Electricity
Electricity Singapores electricity generation sector produced 4,034.0 ktoe of electricity in 2012, of which 3,886.4 ktoe was generated by main power producers while the remaining came from autoproducers. Of total electricity generated, own use and losses in the transformation sector accounted for 196.8 ktoe. Total electricity consumption in Singapore was 44.3 TWh (or 3,807.9 ktoe) in 2012. The industrial-related sector consumed 42.1% (or 1,604.7 ktoe) of total electricity demand, followed closely by the commerce & services-related sector (36.4% or 1,387.5 ktoe). The share of household and the transport-related sector consumption was 15.0% (or 571.0 ktoe) and 5.4% (or 205.6 ktoe) respectively.
Electricity Flow in Singapore, 2012

Unit: ktoe
1,278.2 7,110.4 Main Power Producer 602.3 Natural Gas 57.5 374.8 Others 283.8 AutoProducer 147.6 196.8 571.0 3,886.4 Electricity 1,387.5 1,604.7 Industry -related Commerce & Services -related Households Transport -related Others
Petroleum Products
Other Transformation1
205.6
39.1
Energy Supply
Energy Transformation
Final Consumption
Other Transformation includes losses and own use.
53
Natural Gas
ENERGY BALANCES
Natural Gas The total supply of natural gas in Singapore stood at 8,096.4 ktoe in 2011, and these are fully accounted for through imports. The transformation sector accounted for 84.4% (or 6,836.4 ktoe) of natural gas demand, mainly for electricity generation. A total of 6,825.3 ktoe of natural gas was used by the power generation sector, comprising 6,561.6 ktoe consumed by main power producers and 263.7 ktoe consumed by autoproducers. Own use and losses for natural gas in the transformation sector amounted to 11.1 ktoe. Total sales of natural gas to nal consumers reached 1,300.2 ktoe. The industryrelated sector consumed 87.3% (or 1,134.7 ktoe) of nal natural gas sales, while the commerce & services-related sectors (5.6%) and households (4.2%) largely accounted for the remaining consumption of natural gas.
Natural Gas Flow in Singapore, 2011

Unit: ktoe
6,825.3 1,134.7 Electricity Generation Industry-related Commerce & Services-related Households Transport-related Others
72.6
Natural Gas Imports 8,096.4
11.1
Other Transformation1
55.2 28.4
1,300.2 Natural Gas 9.4
Energy Supply
Energy Transformation
Final Consumption
Other Transformation includes losses and own use.
54
ENERGY BALANCES
Table 4.1: Electricity Balance Table, 2009 - 2012
2009 2010 2011
Unit: ktoe
2012
Indigenous Production Imports Exports International Bunkers Stock Changes Total Primary Energy Supply
Total Transformation Sector Electricity Generation Main Power Producer Autoproducers Oil Rening Other Transformations
3,393.1 3,595.5 3,497.1 98.4 (202.4)
3,679.1 3,900.3 3,791.7 108.6 (221.2)
3,742.6 3,954.8 3,842.2 112.6 (212.2)
3,837.2 4,034.0 3,886.4 147.6 (196.8)
Statistical Differences (SD)
(52.3)
(42.9)
(41.8)
(29.3)
Total Final Energy Consumption Industry-related Commerce & Services-related Household Transport-related Others
3,340.8 1,364.7 1,235.5 553.9 142.1 44.6
3,636.2 1,530.3 1,304.0 571.6 184.3 46.0
3,700.8 1,555.6 1,351.4 558.4 195.9 39.5
3,807.9 1,604.7 1,387.5 571.0 205.6 39.1
Note: a. Other transformation includes losses and own use.
55
ENERGY BALANCES
Table 4.2: Natural Gas Balance Table, 2009 - 2011
2009 2010
Unit: ktoe
2011
Indigenous Production Imports Exports International Bunkers Stock Changes Total Primary Energy Supply
7,396.3 7,396.3
8,016.0 8,016.0
8,096.4 8,096.4
Total Transformation Sector Electricity Generation Main Power Producer Autoproducers Oil Rening Other Transformations
(6,353.7) (6,340.4) (6,113.0) (227.4) (13.3)
(6,640.7) (6,628.3) (6,369.8) (258.5) (12.4)
(6,836.4) (6,825.3) (6,561.6) (263.7) (11.1)
Statistical Differences (SD)
92.4
110.3
40.2
Total Final Energy Consumption Industry-related Commerce & Services-related Household Transport-related Others
950.2 809.1 61.1 54.0 14.9 11.0
1,239.0 1,084.6 68.0 53.9 22.8 9.7
1,300.2 1,134.7 72.6 55.2 28.4 9.4
56
58
05
EN PR E IC RG ES Y
59
ENERGY PRICES
Tariffs
Electricity Tariff Electricity tariffs in Singapore are regulated by the EMA and are updated quarterly to reect changes in the cost of power generation. Energy cost constitutes the largest component of electricity tariffs and this is pegged to the price of natural gas over the previous three months. With the introduction of liqueed natural gas (LNG) for power generation, the average natural gas price is pegged to the weighted average of high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) forward prices and dated Brent prices through commercial gas contracts. This is in line with market practices across Asia for price-setting in natural gas contracts. The composition of electricity tariffs in Singapore can be categorized into four main components, namely energy costs (paid to the generation companies), grid charges (paid to SP PowerAssets), market support services fees (paid to SP Services) and market administration and power system operation fees (paid to EMC and PSO). In 2012, energy costs and grid charges accounted for 81.7% and 17.2% of total electricity tariffs respectively. Gas Tariff Similarly, town gas tariffs are regulated by EMA and tracks the HSFO price closely. Quarterly adjustments are made to reect the costs of production. City Gas Singapores sole town gas producer and retailer - uses natural gas as the primary feedstock to manufacture town gas, which is then sold to end consumers.
Table 5.1: High Sulphur Fuel Oil (HSFO) Forward Price, Electricity and Town Gas Tariffs, 2005 - 2012
Prices Year HSFO Electricity Price Tariff $ / bbl 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 59.8 84.6 76.5 117.5 80.4 100.0 114.9 129.4 Town Gas Tariff Index HSFO Electricity Price Tariff (2005=100) 16.0 17.3 17.2 20.0 16.5 18.7 18.9 21.6 100.0 141.5 127.9 196.5 134.4 167.2 192.1 216.4 100.0 119.2 114.1 144.1 115.8 132.8 146.9 157.6 100.0 108.1 107.5 125.0 103.1 116.9 118.1 135.1 Town Gas Tariff
/ kWh 17.7 21.1 20.2 25.5 20.5 23.5 26.0 27.9
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ENERGY PRICES
Table 5.2: Annual Electricity Tariffs by Components - Low Tension Tariffs, 2005 - 2012
2005 Total Energy Costs Grid Charges Market Support Service Fees Power System Operation and Market Administration Fees 17.7 11.8 5.5 0.3 0.1 2006 21.1 15.3 5.4 0.3 0.1 2007 20.2 14.5 5.4 0.3 0.1 2008 25.5 19.9 5.2 0.3 0.1 2009 20.5 15.3 4.9 0.3 0.1 2010 23.5 18.3 4.9 0.2 0.1
Unit: / kWh
2011 26.0 20.9 4.8 0.2 0.1 2012 27.9 22.8 4.8 0.2 0.1
Table 5.3: Electricity Tariffs - Low Tension Tariffs, 2005 - 2012

Q1 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 16.7 21.0 20.0 22.6 22.9 22.9 24.1 27.6 Q2 16.1 20.5 18.9 23.9 18.0 23.6 25.6 28.8 Q3 18.3 21.2 20.5 25.1 19.3 24.1 27.3 28.1 Q4 19.6 21.6 21.4 30.5 21.7 23.3 27.0 27.3
Unit: / kWh
Annual 17.7 21.1 20.2 25.5 20.5 23.5 26.0 27.9
Source: SP Services
Notes: a. Electricity tariffs refer to the low tension tariffs applicable for households and non-contestable consumers. b. Town gas tariffs refer to the general town gas tariffs applicable for all consumers with consumption of less than 1,000 kWh of gas per month. c. Please refer to the glossary for denitions of the components. d. Low tension tariffs refer to the electricity tariffs applicable for households and non-contestable consumers.
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ENERGY PRICES
Table 5.4: Town Gas Tariffs, 2005 - 2012
General Tariffs 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Q1 15.7 16.9 16.8 18.9 17.2 18.8 18.0 21.4 Q2 15.7 16.9 16.8 19.3 15.1 18.9 18.0 21.9 Q3 15.8 17.6 17.3 20.3 15.9 18.9 19.1 21.8 Q4 16.6 17.6 17.8 21.2 17.8 18.3 20.7 21.4
Unit: / kWh
Annual 16.0 17.3 17.2 19.9 16.5 18.7 18.9 21.6
Unit: / kWh
Bulk Tariff A 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Q1 14.7 15.9 15.8 17.9 16.2 17.8 17.0 20.3 Q2 14.7 15.9 15.8 18.3 14.1 17.9 17.0 20.9 Q3 14.8 16.6 16.3 19.3 14.9 17.9 18.1 20.7 Q4 15.6 16.6 16.8 20.2 16.8 17.3 19.6 20.4 Annual 15.0 16.3 16.2 18.9 15.5 17.7 17.9 20.6
Unit: / kWh
Bulk Tariff B 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Q1 14.2 15.4 15.3 17.4 15.7 17.3 16.5 19.8 Q2 14.2 15.4 15.3 17.8 13.6 17.4 16.5 20.4 Q3 14.3 16.1 15.8 18.8 14.4 17.4 17.6 20.3 Q4 15.1 16.1 16.3 19.7 16.3 16.8 19.1 19.9 Annual 14.5 15.8 15.7 18.4 15.0 17.2 17.4 20.1
Sources: City Gas Pte Ltd & Energy Market Authority (EMA) Notes: a. Bulk Tariff A applies for minimum consumption of 1,000 kWh of gas per month. b. Bulk Tariff B applies for minimum consumption of 50,000 kWh of gas per month. c. Rates are not inclusive of GST.
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ENERGY PRICES
Table 5.5: Consumer Price Index for Selected Energy Products (2005=100), 2005 - 2012
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Liqueed Petroleum Gas (LPG) 100.0 110.0 116.2 135.2 124.5 136.5 149.5 157.2 Petrol 92 100.0 105.8 110.0 130.5 110.3 119.4 134.7 138.2 Petrol 95 100.0 105.2 109.5 130.4 111.1 121.3 135.7 139.1 Petrol 98 100.0 106.5 110.8 128.7 112.1 120.0 133.0 138.7
Source: Singapore Department of Statistics (DOS)
Table 5.6: Producer and International Trade Price Indices of Mineral Fuels, Lubricants and Related Materials (2005=100), 2005 - 2012
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Import Price Index (IPI) 100.0 116.5 123.1 154.7 104.6 124.2 159.0 163.1 Export Price Index (EPI) 100.0 116.4 125.2 163.7 108.0 130.2 167.0 170.8 Domestic Supply Price Index (DSPI) 100.0 115.7 122.2 154.5 102.6 122.2 156.5 160.4 Singapore Manufactured Products Price Index (SMPPI) 100.0 113.5 120.1 150.0 99.2 118.5 148.6 150.9
Source: Singapore Department of Statistics (DOS)
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OT RE H LA ER TE E D NE ST R AT GY IS TI CS
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OTHER ENERGY - RELATED STATISTICS

Solar Photo-Voltaic
Grid-connected solar photo-voltaic (PV) systems The installed capacity of grid-connected solar photo-voltaic (PV) systems continued to grow, reaching 9,989 kWp1 in 2012. The non-household sector constituted about 92.1% (or 9,199 kWp) of total capacity, with the remaining capacity contributed by household installations.
Installed Capacity of Grid-Connected Solar PV Systems

10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 2008 2009
Non-households
kWp
2010
2011
Households
2012
kWp refers to kilowatt peak, which is a typical measure of the installed nameplate capacity for solar PV systems. kWp represents the amount of electric power that can be prodced by a solar PV system at its peak.
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Grid Emission Factor
Grid Emission Factor Singapores average Operating Margin (OM) Grid Emission Factor (GEF) improved from 0.5146 kg CO2/kWh in 2011 to 0.4977 kg CO2/kWh in 2012, as the share of natural gas in Singapores fuel mix increase (and the share of other energy products in the fuel mix decrease). The Build Margin (BM) Emission Factor registered 0.4333 kg CO2/kWh, an improvement from 0.4578 kg CO2/kWh a year ago. In general, Singapores BM emission factor trends lower than the OM emission factor as the newer plants are mainly CCGT units which are more efcient. CCGT units also consume mainly natural gas for electricity generation, which has a relatively low carbon content compared to other fossil fuels.
Grid Emission Factor and Percentage Share of Non-Natural Gas Energy Products in Fuel Mix
Grid Emission Factor (Average Operating Margin)
0.515 0.510 0.505 0.500 0.495 0.490 0.485 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
25.0 23.0 21.0 19.0 17.0 15.0 13.0
Average Operating Margin (OM) (kg CO2 / kWh)
Non-Natural Gas Percentage Share of Fuel Mix
% of Non-NG Energy Products in Fuel Mix

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0.520
27.0
Table 6.1: Installed Capacity of Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems, 2008 - 2012
2008 Total Household Non-household 362 43 319 2009 1,943 76 1,867 2010 3,686 112 3,575 2011 5,938 305 5,633
Unit: kWp
2012 9,989 791 9,199
Source: SP PowerGrid Ltd
Table 6.2: Electricity Grid Emission Factor and Upstream Fugitive Methane Emission Factor, 2005 - 2012
2005 Electricity Grid Emission Factor Average Operating Margin (OM) (kg CO2 / kWh) Build Margin (BM) (kg CO2 / kWh) Upstream Fugitive Methane Emission Factor (kg CH4/ kWh) 0.5322 0.4205 0.5375 0.4225 0.5109 0.4352 0.5027 0.4264 0.5042 0.4208 0.5154 0.4319 0.5146 0.4578 0.4977 0.4333 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
0.00216 0.00218 0.00225 0.00221 0.00222 0.00222 0.00228 0.00222 Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)
Table 6.3: Licensed Electrical, Gas and Cable Detection Workers, 2005 - 2012
Number of Workers Electricians Electrical Technicians Electrical Engineers Gas Service Workers Gas Service Workers (Restricted) Cable Detection Workers 2005 4,101 1,299 343 401 528 2006 3,925 1,247 326 391 493 2007 3,576 1,200 324 374 472 2008 3,426 1,188 318 372 113 461 2009 3,420 1,183 309 359 147 450 2010 3,341 1,163 308 359 146 444 2011 3,293 1,143 305 357 177 430 2012 3,211 1,119 291 354 192 413
Sources: City Gas Pte Ltd & Energy Market Authority (EMA)
Note: a. kWp stands for kilowatt peak.
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Table 6.4: Peak System Demand, 2005 - 2012

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Jan 5,083 5,235 5,568 5,735 5,488 5,981 6,160 6,323 Feb 5,285 5,442 5,563 5,749 5,629 6,216 6,214 6,289 Mar 5,333 5,525 5,707 5,790 5,482 6,218 6,227 6,373 Apr 5,408 5,460 5,753 5,976 5,806 6,395 6,310 6,457 May 5,385 5,572 5,867 6,073 5,926 6,494 6,570 6,639 Jun 5,298 5,561 5,770 5,892 5,940 6,311 6,500 6,552 Jul 5,297 5,555 5,799 5,847 5,958 6,244 6,482 6,524 Aug 5,341 5,551 5,769 5,819 6,032 6,358 6,417 6,576 Sep 5,471 5,503 5,835 5,902 6,041 6,285 6,480 6,490 Oct 5,475 5,624 5,946 5,821 6,039 6,345 6,326 6,563
Unit: MW
Nov 5,456 5,534 5,713 5,660 5,922 6,320 6,256 6,432 Dec 5,332 5,526 5,561 5,661 5,904 6,232 6,159 6,323
Table 6.5: Installed Electricity Generation Capacity, 2009 - 2012

Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
Unit: MW
Nov Dec
10,907 10,657 10,657 10,657 10,657 10,657 10,657 10,657 10,657 10,657 10,657 10,657 9,773 9,773 9,773 9,773 9,773 9,773 10,132 10,132 10,132 10,263 10,261 10,261
10,156 10,156 10,156 10,216 10,215 10,216 10,216 10,216 10,216 10,216 10,216 10,216 10,216 10,216 10,216 10,216 10,216 10,216 10,216 11,078 11,078 10,478 10,478 10,478 Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)
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TE NO CH TE N S ICA L
71
TECHNICAL NOTES
Objectives Singapore Energy Statistics 2013 provides users with ndings and statistics relating to Singapores energy supply, transformation and demand. Sources of Data The data used in the publication were mainly obtained through administrative returns from licensees and through surveys. EMA licensees are required to submit regulatory returns under the Electricity and Gas Acts. Energy statistics collected through the Joint Energy and Emissions Statistics Survey were also used in this publication. This survey is conducted by EMA Research and Statistics Unit (RSU) together with those of the Economic Development Board (EDB) and the National Environment Agency (NEA) under the Statistics Act. Other sources of data featured in this publication include energy products trade statistics from International Enterprise (IE) Singapore and prices statistics from the Department of Statistics (DOS). Compilation Framework and Methodology In compiling the energy statistics, EMA follows closely the recommended principles and methodologies set out in the International Energy Agency (IEA)s Energy Statistics Manual. For the computation of the electricity grid emission factors and upstream fugitive methane emission factor, methodologies recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) were adopted. Fuel Mix for Electricity Generation The fuel mix for electricity generation can be calculated using the input or output method. This publication presents fuel mix data compiled by the output method. The input method calculates the fuel mix for electricity generation based on the ratio of fuel input volumes to generation units. It does not take into account variations in energy content of fuel used by different companies for electricity generation, or variations in fuel-to-electricity conversion efciency of the generating plants. The output method uses the amount of electricity generated and the corresponding type of fuel used to calculate the fuel mix for the generation of electricity. It takes the domestic fuel-to-electricity conversion efciency of the generating plants as well as the type of plants used into account. Electricity and Gas Tariffs Annual and quarterly electricity and gas tariffs refer to the weighted average of tariffs for the specic periods as they may be adjusted at various periods throughout the year.
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TECHNICAL NOTES
Re-referencing Price Indices In order to allow comparisons to be made between the movements of different prices, it is practical to express the series in relation to a reference year. The shift from expressing the price indices in relation to a specic base year, to expressing the price indices in relation to a reference year common across all price indices, requires the series to be re-referenced. Price indices are re-referenced using a particular year known as the reference year. This reference year is treated as a reference point for comparison with other years. For example, the producer and international trade price indices, and consumer price indices (CPI) were compiled using a basket of goods in year 2012 and 2009 respectively. In order to make a meaningful and direct comparison between the movements of these price indices, they have been re-referenced in this report to reference year 2005. Grid Emission Factor and Methane Emission Factor The methodologies for the compilation of grid emission factors are based on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Methodological Tool called Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system and the UNFCCC CDM Approved Baseline Methodology (AM) 0029 Baseline Methodology for grid connected electricity generation plants using natural gas. Grid Emission Factor (GEF) measures average CO2 emission emitted per unit net electricity generated, and is calculated using the Average Operating Margin (OM) method. This is the generation-weighted average CO2 emission per unit net electricity generation of all generating power plants serving the electricity grid. GEF by Build Margin (BM) method refers to the generation-weighted average CO2 emission per unit net electricity generation of the ve most recently built power units and/or the set of power capacity additions that comprise at least 20% of the total system electricity generation. Upstream Fugitive Methane Emission Factor (MEF) from electricity generation measures the average CH4 emission per unit net electricity generated. The methodology is similar to the Build Margin method except that it is based on the ve most recently built power units that run on natural gas. These ve plants should also generate at least 20% of total system electricity generation.
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TECHNICAL NOTES
CLASSIFICATION
Energy Products Energy products refer to products exclusively or mainly used as a source of energy. They include energy in forms suitable for direct use (for instance, electricity and heat) and energy products that release energy while undergoing certain chemical or other process (such as combustion). The classication of energy products is based on the Singapore Trade Classication, Customs & Excise Duties 2012 (STCCED 2012 or HS 2012). STCCED classication adopts the ASEAN Harmonised Tariff Nomenclature 2012 (AHTN 2012), which is based on the 6-digit Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System developed by the World Customs Organisation (WCO) for the classication of goods. Industrial Activity Industrial activity refers to the principal activity undertaken by the enterprise and to which the enterprise devotes most of its resources; or from which it derives most of its income. The classication of the principal activity of the enterprise is based on the Singapore Standard Industrial Classication, 2010 (SSIC 2010). SSIC 2010 adopts the basic framework of the International Standard Industrial Classication Revision 4 (ISIC Rev. 4). Planning Areas Planning Areas refer to areas demarcated in the Urban Redevelopment Authoritys Master Plan 2008.
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TECHNICAL NOTES
Units of Measurement Energy products are recorded in their original units of measure. As these units of measure vary, quantities of energy products need to be converted into a common unit to allow for comparison and aggregation. The common unit of measurement used to measure energy products in this publication is the tonne of oil equivalent (toe). According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the tonne of oil equivalent is dened as follows: 1 tonne of oil equivalent = 41.868 gigajoules (GJ) = 11,630 kilowatt hours (kWh) Tonne of oil equivalent should be regarded as a measure of energy content rather than a physical quantity. One tonne of oil is not equal to one tonne of oil equivalent. The following prexes are used for multiples of joules, watts and watt hours: kilo (k) = 1,000 or 103 mega (M) = 1,000,000 or 106 giga (G) = 1,000,000,000 or 109 tera (T) = 1,000,000,000,000 or 1012 All prices and tariffs are presented in Singapore dollars.
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GL OS SA R Y
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GLOSSARY
Coal and Coal Products
Energy Products
Coal and coal products include all coals, both primary (including hard coal and lignite/brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, coke over coke, gas coke, BKB, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas). Peat is also included in this category. The energy products and their corresponding HS 2012 codes under this category are:
Hard Coal Anthracite Lignite Peat Coke Oven Coke Coal Tar BKB/PB6 Gas Works Gas
- 27011210, 27011290, 27011900 - 27011100 - 27021000, 27022000 - 27030010, 27030020 - 27040010, 27040020, 27040030 - 27060000 - 27012000 - 27050000
Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquid (NGL)
Crude oil and Natural Gas Liquid includes crude oil, natural gas liquids, renery feed stocks and additives as well as other hydrocarbons. The energy products and their corresponding HS 2012 codes under this category are: Crude Oil Natural Gas Liquids Renery Feed Stocks Additives /Oxygenates - 27090010, 27090020, 27090090 - 27111410, 27111490, 27112900 - 27101920 - 29091100, 29091900, 29092000, 29093000, 29094100, 29094300, 29094400, 29094900, 29095000, 29096000, 38112110, 38112190, 38112900, 38119090
Natural Gas
Natural Gas includes natural gas (excluding Natural Gas Liquid) and town gas. The energy products and their corresponding HS 2012 codes under this category are: Natural Gas - 27112190 Liqueed Natural Gas - 27111100
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Energy Products
Petroleum Products Petroleum products include ethane, LPG, aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, gas/diesel oil, fuel oil, naphtha, white spirit, lubricants, bitumen, parafn waxes, petroleum coke and other petroleum products. The energy products and their corresponding HS 2012 codes under this category are:
Light Distillates
GLOSSARY
Gasoline - Aviation Gasoline - Motor LPG Naphtha White Spirit SBP

Middle Distillates
- 27101220 - 27101211, 27101212, 27101213, 27101214, 27101215, 27101216 - 27111200, 27111300, 27111900, - 27101270 - 27101230, 27101240, 27101250, 27101260, 27101280, 27101290
Gas/Diesel Oil Jet Fuel - Kerosene Other Kerosene
- 27101971, 27101972 - 27101981, 27101982 - 27101983
Heavy Distillates & Residuum
Bitumen Fuel Oil Lubricants Other Products
Parafn Waxes Petroleum Coke Others (Energy Products)
- 27132000, 27139000, 27141000, 27149000, 27150000 - 27101979 - 27101941, 27101942, 27101943, 27101944, 27101950 - 27071000, 27072000, 27073000, 27074000, 27075000, 27079100, 27079910, 27079990, 27081000, 27082000, 27101989, 27101930, 27101960, 27102000, 27101990, 27109100, 27109900 - 27121000, 27122000, 27129010, 27129090 - 27131100, 27131200
Others refer to those energy products that are not classied. These include solar and waste (such as municipal waste and biogas). Municipal waste is waste produced by residential, commercial and public services that is collected by local authorities for disposal in a central location for the production of electricity and/or heat.
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GLOSSARY
Main Power Producers
Electricity Generation and Sales, and Gas Consumption

These are enterprises that produce electricity as their principal activity.
Autoproducers
These are enterprises that produce electricity but for whom the production is not their principal activity.
Electricity Sales
This refers to total electricity sales to end users, excluding the amount of electricity used by main power producers and autoproducers for auxiliary electricity generation.
Contestable Consumers
Contestable consumers are electricity consumers who are allowed to purchase electricity from licensed electricity retailers or the wholesale market. Today, these large non-residential electricity consumers with an average monthly electricity consumption of at least 10,000 kWh over the past 12 months, have chosen to apply for contestability status with SP Services.
Final Natural Gas Sales
This refers to total natural gas sales to end users, excluding consumption for electricity generation.
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Sectoral Activities
Industrialrelated Industrial-related consumption is specied in the following subsector according to Singapore Standard Industrial Classication 2010 (SSIC 2010). Agriculture and Fishing [SSIC Section A, Division 1-3] Mining and Quarrying [SSIC Section B, Division 8-9] Manufacturing [SSIC Section C, Division 10-32] Utilities [SSIC Section D and E, Division 35-38] Construction [SSIC Section F, Division 41-43]
GLOSSARY
Commerce & Services -related
Commerce & services-related consumption is specied in the following subsectors according to Singapore Standard Industrial Classication 2010 (SSIC 2010). Wholesale and Retail Trade [SSIC Section G, Division 46-47] Accommodation and Food Services Activities [SSIC Section I, Division 55 56] Information and Communications [SSIC Section J, Division 58-63] Financial and Insurance Activities [SSIC Section K, Division 64-66] Real Estate Activities [SSIC Section L, Division 68] Professional, Scientic and Technical Activities [SSIC Section M, Division 69-75] Administrative and Support Services Activities [SSIC Section N, Division 77-82] Public Administration and Defence [SSIC Section O, Division 84] Education [SSIC Section P, Division 85]
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GLOSSARY
Commerce & Services -related (continued)
Sectoral Activities
Health and Social Services [SSIC Section Q, Division 86-88] Arts, Entertainment and Recreation [SSIC Section R, Division 90-93] Other Service Activities [SSIC Section S, Division 94-96] Activities of Households as Employers of Domestic Personnel [SSIC Section T, Division 97] Activities of Extra-Territorial Organizations and Bodies [SSIC Section U, Division 99]
Households
The scope of household sector includes all households in their capacity as nal consumers.
Transport -related
Transport-related consumption is specied in the following subsectors according to Singapore Standard Industrial Classication 2010 (SSIC 2010). Transport and Storage [SSIC Section H, Division 49-53] Land Transport [SSIC Division 49] Water Transport [SSIC Division 50] Air Transport [SSIC Division 51] Warehousing and Support Activities for Transportation [SSIC Division 52] Postal and Courier Activities [SSIC Division 53]
Others
Others refer to sectors or activities not adequately dened in SSIC 2010.
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Planning Area
Central Region Bishan, Bukit Merah, Bukit Timah, Downtown, Geylang, Kallang, Marine Parade, Marina East, Marina South, Museum, Newton, Novena, Orchard, Outram, Queenstown, River Valley, Rochor, Singapore River, Southern Islands, Straits View, Tanglin, Toa Payoh
GLOSSARY
Eastern Region
Bedok, Changi, Changi Bay, Paya Lebar, Pasir Ris, Tampines
North-Eastern Region
Ang Mo Kio, Hougang, Punggol, North Eastern Islands, Selatar, Seng Kang, Serangoon
Northern Region
Lim Chu Kang, Mandai, Simpang, Sembawang, Sungei Kadut, Woodlands, Yishun
Western Region
Boon Lay, Bukit Batok, Bukit Panjang, Choa Chu Kang, Clementi, Jurong East, Jurong West, Pioneer, Tengah, Tuas, Western Islands and Western Water Catchment
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GLOSSARY
Energy Costs
Electricity Tariffs Components

This is paid to the generation companies and reects the cost of power generation.
Grid Charges
This is paid to SP Power Assets to recover the costs of transporting electricity through the grid.
Market Support Services Fees
This is paid to SP Services to recover the costs of billing and meter reading.
Power System Operation and Market Administration Fees
This is paid to the Power System Operator and Energy Market Company to recover the costs of operating the power system and electricity wholesale market.
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GLOSSARY
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
Price Indices
This price index measures the price changes in a xed basket of consumption goods and services commonly purchased by the households over time.
Import Price Index (IPI)
This price index measure changes in the prices of goods imported into Singapore over time.
Export Price Index (EPI)
This price index measures changes in the price of all exports of merchandise from Singapore, including re-exports.
Domestic Supply Price Index (DSPI)
This is an Input-based Producer Price Index of goods. It measures the price changes of locally manufactured goods and imports which are retained for use in the domestic market.
Singapore Manufactured Product Price Index (SMPPI)
This is an Output-based Producer Price Index of the manufacturing sector. It measures changes in the prices of goods produced by local manufacturers for sale in local and international markets.
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GLOSSARY
Grid Emission Factor (GEF)
Grid Emission Factor

The Grid Emission Factor (GEF) measures average CO2 emission emitted per MWh of electricity, and is calculated using the Average Operating Margin (OM) method. This is the generation-weighted average CO2 emissions per unit net electricity generation of all generating power plants serving the system.
Build Margin (BM) Emission Factor
The Build Margin (BM) Emission Factor refers to the generationweighted average CO2 emissions per unit net electricity generation, of the set of ve power units most recently built; and/or or the set of power capacity additions that comprises 20% of system generation that have been built recently.
Methane Emission Factor (MEF)
The Methane Emission Factor (MEF) measures average CH4 emission emitted per MWh of the set of ve power units as dened in the BM.
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Licensed Electrical, Gas and Cable Detection Workers

Electrical Engineer An electrical engineers license entitles the holder to carry out the following electrical work: a) Design, install, repair, maintain, operate, inspect, test and take full charge and responsibility for any electrical installation. b) An electrical engineers licence has a range of operation voltage restrictions. They are as follows: i) in operation : up to 1000 volts ii) in operation : up to 22000 volts iii) in operation : up to 66000 volts iv) in operation : up to 230000 volts v) restricted to particular installations
GLOSSARY
Electrical Technician
An electrical technicians licence entitles the holder to carry out the following electrical work: a) install, repair, maintain, operate, inspect and test an electrical installation where the operating voltage of such installation does not exceed 1000 volts and the approved load of such installation does not exceed 500 kVA; b) design and submit plans and drawings of an electrical installation where the operating voltage of such installation does not exceed 1000 volts and the approved load of such installation does not exceed 150 kVA, except that the limitation of 1000 volts shall not apply in the case of an Electric Discharge Lighting Circuit; and c) carry out any work or switching operation as instructed by or under the supervision of an authorised high voltage switching engineer.
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GLOSSARY
Electrician

An electricians licence entitles the holder to carry out the following electrical work: a) design, install, repair, maintain, operate, inspect and test an electrical / supply installation where the operating voltage of such installation does not exceed 1000 volts and the approved load of such installation does not exceed 45 kVA; b) install, repair, maintain and operate, under the supervision of an electrical technician, an electrical / supply installation where the operating voltage of such installation does not exceed 1000 volts and the approved load of such installation is more than 45 kVA but does not exceed 500 kVA; and c) carry out any work as instructed by or under the supervision of an authorised high voltage switching engineer.
Gas Service Worker
A gas service worker licence entitles the holder to carry out the following gas service work where the operating pressure is not more than 30 mbars: a) to construct, x, alter, repair and renew gas pipes and ttings; b) to install, maintain, repair and test gas appliances; and c) to install or remove gas meters and to turn-on gas supply on behalf of a gas licensee.
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Gas Service Worker (Restricted) A gas service worker licence (restricted) entitles the holder to carry out the following gas service work where the operating pressure is not more than 30 mbars: a) to install, maintain, repair and test gas appliances; and b) to install or remove gas meters and to turn-on gas supply on behalf of a gas licensee.
GLOSSARY
Cable Detection Workers
A licensed cable detection worker is entitled to perform cable detection work. To minimise damages to electricity cables, it is a mandatory requirement to perform cable detection work prior to the commencement of any earth works. Cable detection work must be carried out by a licensed cable detection worker. He should inform or advise the earth works contractor, who engaged him, of the location of the cables detected within the worksite.
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NOTES
NOTES
NOTES
Comments on this publication and suggestions for further issues of SES are welcome. Please write to: Research & Statistics Unit Planning Department Energy Planning & Development Division Energy Market Authority 991G Alexandra Road #01/02-29 Singapore 119975 Republic of Singapore Email: EMA_SES@ema.gov.sg Telephone: +65 6835 8000 Facsimile: +65 6835 8020
991G Alexandra Road #01-29 Singapore 119975 www.ema.gov.sg www.facebook.com/EnergyMarket Authority

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Ses 2013

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ENERGISING

ENERGY MARKET AUTHORITY

TABLE OF CONTENTS SINGAPORE ENERGY STATISTICS 2013

SECTION 2 ENERGY TRANSFORMATION

SECTION 3 ENERGY CONSUMPTION

SECTION 4 ENERGY BALANCES

SECTION 5 ENERGY PRICES

SECTION 6 OTHER ENERGY-RELATED STATISTICS

TECHNICAL NOTES GLOSSARY

Market Share of Generation Companies

Total Electricity Generated

Fuel Mix For Electricity Generation

Imports and Exports

Imports and Exports of Energy Products

Petroleum Products Other Energy Products1

Exports of Other Energy Products were negligible.

Table 1.2: Exports of Energy Products, 2005 - 2012

Table 1.4: Re-Exports of Energy Products, 2005 - 2012

Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)

Main Power Producers 3,886.4

374.8 Autoproducers 147.6 Electricity

Electricity Generation Fuel Mix

Electricity Generation Fuel Mix

Renery Inputs & Outputs

Heavy Distillates & Residuum

Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)

Unit: Percent (%)

Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)

Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)

Electricity Sales by Contestability & Sector

Total Electricity Consumption of Households, 2012

Average Monthly Household Electricity Consumption, 2012

Average Monthly Electricity Consumption by Public Housing Dwelling Type, 2012

Final Natural Gas Sales

2009 Total: 950.2 ktoe

2012 Total: 1,255.5 ktoe

Final consumers exclude electricity generators.

Average Monthly Town Gas Consumption, 2012

Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)

Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)

Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)

Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)

Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)

Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)

Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)

Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)

Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)

Electricity Flow in Singapore, 2012

Other Transformation includes losses and own use.

Natural Gas Flow in Singapore, 2011

Natural Gas Imports 8,096.4

1,300.2 Natural Gas 9.4

Other Transformation includes losses and own use.

3,393.1 3,595.5 3,497.1 98.4 (202.4)

3,679.1 3,900.3 3,791.7 108.6 (221.2)

3,742.6 3,954.8 3,842.2 112.6 (212.2)

3,837.2 4,034.0 3,886.4 147.6 (196.8)

Statistical Differences (SD)

3,340.8 1,364.7 1,235.5 553.9 142.1 44.6

3,636.2 1,530.3 1,304.0 571.6 184.3 46.0

3,700.8 1,555.6 1,351.4 558.4 195.9 39.5

3,807.9 1,604.7 1,387.5 571.0 205.6 39.1

Source: Energy Market Authority (EMA)