Anatomy Lecture 1- Cardiovascular System Cardiac Anatomy Cardio refers to the heart.

Vascular refers to the blood vessels, arteries and the veins. And they make up the cardiovascular system.

Mediastinum- middle region inside the lungs Pericardium- covering of the heart, it protects the heart and attaches to the bottom end of the diaphragm. So when your breathing up and down, your heart moves up and down also.

Apex- pointy region of the heart. Pulmonary Trunk- brings deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to get reoxygenated. Arch of aorta- brings blood from the left ventricle to the body tissues. Goal of Cardiovascular system- pump blood out of the heart to the body, supply nutrients, and to remove waste products. Superior vena cava- return blood vessels. Returns blood from the upper limb back to the heart.

Costal- rib Intercostal- space between the rib. Heart sounds depends on the costal and intercostal regions. Superior left- second intercostal space. Superior right- third costal.

Inferior right- sixth costal. Inferior left- sixth intercostal

Thymus Gland- very big during early stages of life.

Aorta- coming off the left ventricle. Pulmonary Trunk- coming of the right ventricle. Inferior vena cava- returns blood from the lower limb back to the right atrium of the heart to get reoxygenated.

Coronary sulcus- between atria and ventricles.

Coronary Vessels lie on the grooves of the heart- prevents blood vessels from moving when heart is moving. Interventricular sulcus- between right and left ventricles.

Coronary vessel- blood supply of the heart. Circumflex artery- lies on the coronary sulcus. Right coronary artery- supplies the right artery and right atrium.

Lumen- open space in the middle of the artery where blood vessels flow. Atherosclerosis- makes the lumen space smaller

If LAD interventricular artery was fully obstructed, ischemia will occur. Ischemia means lack of oxygen and this tissue will eventually die. Death of tissue in heart is called myocardium infraction or heart attack. Small, anterior, and middle cardiac vein- taking the waste products from ventricles and atria to the heart.

Posterior side of the heart- can see the left side of the heart more Great Cardiac vein- wraps around the coronary sulcus and merge with the coronary sinus.

Which vessel does not supply the myocardium(heart muscle) with blood? Coronary Sinus- collects blood coming from the heart to get it reoxygenated Pericardium and Heart Wall Heart wall- muscular tissue of the heart Fibrous Pericardium- very top most layer, a dense irregular connective tissue, protects and anchors the heart, and prevents overstretching

Serous pericardium- secretes serous fluid. Visceral layer- epicardium

Serous fluid- provides lubrication when heart is moving.

What happens if there is bleeding into the parietal cavity?

Cardiac Tamponade- pressure on the heart that occurs when blood or fluid builds up in the space between the myocardium and pericardium. Endocardium- inner most layer of the heart. Lefts side of the heart- work course of the heart, pumping blood to the entire body. Right side of the heart- only pumps to the lungs. Left ventricle is much more bigger than the right ventricle. Pericarditis- inflammation of the Pericardium. Myocarditis- inflammation if the myocardium. Endocarditis- inflammation of the endocardium

Blue and red arrows occur simultaneously. Heart has valves to prevent any unnecessary blood coming through. Tricuspid valve- between right ventricle and right atrium.

Heart Valve Disorders Stenosis- narrowing of the valve, congenital (born with it), can happen at Mitral Valve and Aortic Valve

Fibrous Skeleton- anchoring the valves, keeping them in place.

In Semilunar Valves, we dont have papillary muscle and Chordae Tindanea. Blood going up just pushed the blood vessels.

Heart sounds is not best heard on the location of the valve. It is best heard to the location that echoes to.