May 07-18 Machine Model Parameter Determination

Yu Chan, Jared Kline, Mark Reisin er, !dam "ro#laski $enior Desi n %eam 18

! enda
&ntroduction,

Pro'ect, Pur(ose- !dam $am(le o) Machine Models- Jared *enrou $imulink +lock Dia ram- !dam *ra(hical ,ser &nter)ace- Yu Chan

Pro#lem De)inition
*eneral

-lectric has #een tasked .ith )indin (arameters associated .ith synchronous enerators/ Currently, this is a 0ery time consumin (rocess that may take an en ineer se0eral days to resol0e the (arameters usin *-1s P$23 (o.er system modelin (ro ram/

Pro#lem De)inition Continued

4ur

task is to desi n a modelin system .ithin Matla# and $imulink that can 5uickly and accurately model se0eral synchronous machines/ 4ur o#'ecti0e is to reduce en ineerin .ork time )rom se0eral days to less than one day/ %he (ur(ose o) this (ro ram .ill #e to com(are the accurate simulation a ainst (hysical tests in semi-real time/

Pro#lem De)inition Continued

%his

(ro ram .ill allo. en ineers at *- to 5uickly determine the (arameters o) the (hysical enerator #y makin in)ormed uesses at the (arameters o) the simulation in an attem(t to match the simulation results to the (hsyical results/

3unctional Re5uirements
%he

inter)ace o) this (ro ram must contain slidin #ars o) the (arameters that can chan e .ithin the model %he (ro ram must dis(lay all rele0ant ra(hs o) the simulation alon side the ra(hs o) the (hysical tests/ %he (ro ram must u(date in semi-real time/

2imitations
%he

(ro ram must #e desi ned usin Matla# .ith the models de0elo(ed in $imulink/ %he (ro ram is limited to (er)ormin simulation )or only the machines that ha0e #een modeled #y *- or our team/

Considered !((roaches
%.o

a((roaches .ere considered .hen #e innin the desi n o) the ra(hical inter)ace/ ,sin Ja0a to code the *,& .as one o(tion ,sin Matla#1s #uilt-in *,& creator .as the second/ Matla# .as selected/

Relati0e 3unctionality &m(ortance

3unctionality !#le to (lot simulation and (hysical test results to ether !#le to chan e (arameters .ith slidin #ars and numeric entry !#le to im(ort numeric test data i0en #y client !#le to 5uickly and re(eatedly run simulation !#le to scale (lots automatically to )it cur0e in (lot area as .ell as allo. user 9oomin / %otals Relati0e &m(ortance 607 :07 107 :07 -0aluation $core 807 1007 707 1007 Resultant $core ;:7 :07 77 :07

107

807

87

1007

867

$ystem +ein $imulated

Parts to #e Modeled
%ur#ine-

tor5ue/ -<citer- Creates )ield 0olta e/ $(eed *o0ernor- increases or decreases steam (ressure to maintain s(eed/ =olta e Re ulator- increases or decreases )ield 0olta e to maintain constant terminal 0olta e/ $.in -5uation- Con0erts di))erence #et.een electrical and mechanical tor5ue to a (o.er an le and s(eed/

Con0erts steam (ressure to mechanical

Dam(er "indin s
Dam(er

.indin s made out o) co((er or #rass rods that ha0e #een im#edded into the )ace o) the (ole are o)ten )ound in lo. s(eed, salient (ole machines .ith se0eral (oles/ >i h s(eed machines ha0e round rotors that ha0e the same e))ect/ Dam(er .indin s ser0e se0eral use)ul (ur(oses?
Dam(en rotor oscillations Reduce o0er0olta es durin short circuit conditions !id synchroni9ation

@o

current )lo.s throu h dam(ers under steadystate conditions/

Model Com(onents
+asic

$ynchronous Machine Construction Mathematics Model Parameters

$chul9 $tatorARotor 3lu< 2inka e Model +lock Dia ram

$ource? $ynchronous Machine Modelin , Charles $chul9/

Machine Construction

%.o #asic com(onents

$tator 4uter (ortion- remains stationary/ >as three .indin s/ Rotor Rotates inside stator/ >as electroma nets that (roduce the electric )ield that induces current into the stator .indin s/ Can #e smooth BroundC or salient (ole/

$ource? Po.er $ystems !nalysis/ +er en and =ittal

@um#er o) (oles is o)ten assumed to #e : )or sim(licity/ %his has 0ery little, i) any, e))ect on the accuracy o) the model/

D and D !<is
Directional

$ource? $ynchronous Machines, Charles Concordia/

a<is is centered at the north (ole/ %he 5uadrature a<is leads the d a<is #y E0 de rees/ Park1s trans)ormation can #e used to trans)er #et.een a,#,c and d,5,0 5uantities/

Dam(er "indin Circuits

%he

$ource? $ynchronous Machines, Charles Concordia/

num#er o) dam(er .indin circuits that are modeled can reatly a))ect the com(le<ity o) the model/ %he $chul9 model has t.o circuits/ Kundur also uses t.o circuits/

Concordia1s -5uations
$chul91

-5uation $et 1 is the same as Concordia1s e5uations/ %hese relate the )ield, d, and 5 a<is currents to )lu< assumin that the )lu< linka es B2C are kno.n/ %he F(G o(erator is the (artial deri0ati0e .ith res(ect to time/
$ource? $ynchronous Machine Modelin , Charles $chul9/

,se)ul -5uations
PHedIidJe5Ii5 -Hs5rtBedK:Je5K:C %Hi5ILd-idIL5 %Hi5Ie5JidIed

$chul9 Model -5uations

%he e5uations )or the $chul9 model can #e deri0ed )rom Concordia1s e5uations assumin that there are t.o rotor circuits/ $chul9 ne0er e<(lains the di))erence #et.een L5 and Lk5/ Kundur uses a k su#scri(t to denote the rotor and nothin to denote the stator/

$ource? $ynchronous Machine Modelin , Charles $chul9/

$chul9 Model +lock Dia ram

$ource? $ynchronous Machine Modelin , Charles $chul9/

Parameters

Kundur i0es a 0ery ood descri(tion o) ho. the M (arameters in $chul91 model are calculated )rom the 2 (arameters in Concordia1s e5uations usin a notation system that is similar to $chul9 and i0es ty(ical 0alue ran es/ &t should #e noted that reactance BMC and inductance B2C are e5ui0alent in (er-unit/ Parameters can #e #roken do.n into three classes?
$u# transient? Parameters in)luencin 5uickly decayin .a0es/ Most authors denote these usin t.o a(ostro(hes BN1C/ %ransient? &n)luence slo.ly decayin com(onents/ %hese are usually denoted .ith one a(ostro(he BNC/ $ynchronous? $ustained/

%ime Constants
3our

(er a<is/ %11d0 is the d-a<is o(en circuit su#-transient time constant/ %1d0 is the d-a<is o(en circuit transient time constant/ %11d and %1d re(resent the d-a<is su# transient and transient short circuit time constants, res(ecti0ely/ D a<is time constants are identical .ith su#scri(ts s.itched/ %hese e))ect ho. 5uickly transients decay/

&nductances
%he

la#elin system )or inductances is much the same as )or time constants/ 2((d and 2(d re(resent the short circuit d a<is inductances/ 2((d0 and 2(d0 re(resent the o(en circuit d a<is inductances/ D a<is 0alues are the same .ith the su#scri(ts s.itched/ %hese e))ect the real and reacti0e (o.er su((lied durin the distur#ance/ %he time constants de(end on these/

Desi n Considerations
Must

#us/ Must calculate the initial condition )or each inte ral/

#e a#le to connect machine to in)inite

Desi n Challen es
Connectin

#us/ !d0anced material/ @o sin le in)ormation source/ Di))erences in notation and models that te<t#ook authors de0elo(/

machine model to the in)inite

"orks Re)erenced
Concordia,

1E81/ +er en, !rthur/ =ittall, =i'ay/ Po.er $ystems !nalysis/ Prentice >all :000/ *rain er John/ $te0enson, "illiam/ Po.er $ystem !nalysis/ Mc*ra.->ill 1EE6 Kundur, Pra#ha/ Po.er $ystem $ta#ility and Control/ Mc*ra.->ill 1EE;/ $auer, Peter and Pai, M/!/ Po.er $ystem Dynamics and $ta#ility/ Pearson 1EE7/

Charles/ $ynchronous Machines/ "iley

*enrou $imulink Model

*enrou $imulink Model

Classical

Machine D and D !<is ; Phase %est 3ault B-m#edded M-3ileC %o( 2e0el $imulation M-3ile
&n(ut &nitiali9e *enerator &nitiali9e @et.orkA3ault Conditions Run

$imulink Model

Classical

Machine

$imulink Model

and D !<is

; Phase %est 3ault

%o( 2e0el $imulation M-3ile

Desi n Considerations
Ja0a

Pro
4#'ecti0e

oriented lan ua e Plat)orm inde(endent !P& More interacti0e *,& ca(a#ilities

Con
-<ecute

Matla# command inside Ja0a is undocumented and unsu((orted @ot inte rated .ith $imulink

Desi n Considerations
Matla#

Pro
2ar

e li#rary o) #uild-in )unction "ell-documented Meet all the #asic needs

Con
2imited

*,& )unctionality e/ / no ta# 2ack com(le< (ro rammin a#ility e/ / no (ass #y re)erence

3unctional Re5uirements
"orks

.ith di))erent #lock dia rams de0elo(ed #y clients =isuali9e result (lot in *,& Chan e (arameter 0alues .ith slider #ars &m(ort test data and com(are simulation result ,ndo, reset #utton

Desi n Challen es
$imulation

s(eed 0s/ interacti0e Data structure to store di))erent sets o) (arameters associate .ith di))erent tests )or each #lock dia rams -<(anda#le desi n )or )uture de0elo(ment and technolo y chan e "ork .ith )uture $imulink #lock dia rams 2imited domain kno.led e

&nteracti0e 3actors
$(eed

3actors

$imulation s(eed %ime it takes to enter and chan e (arameters %ime it takes )or the user to inter(ret the data

&nteracti0e

3actors

>o. easy to chan e (arameters 0alue >o. easy to learn

Pro ram Com(onents

User's request Simulation commands GUI Plot result Matlab Result data Simulink

*ra(hical

,ser &nter)ace Matla# (ro ram $imulink +lock Dia ram

,M2 Dia ram and &nter)aces

GUI Setting File GUI -"umber of parameters -List of parameter name -List of output name -GUI la#out settin! n Plot simulink result4

Test Data File

3 Import

Main Program

Program Setting File -List of machine model name -Pro!ram settin!

$$%

Return simulate result4

n Simulink Block Diagram -Machine name -List of parameters -List of outputs

+asic 3lo. Chart

Initiali&e pro!ram 'han!e Parameters

Simulate model

'ompare result

,ser re(eatedly? :C *uess (arameters ;C "ait )or simulation result 6C Com(are simulation results .ith test data

(uit pro!ram)

*+it

Detailed 3lo. Chart

Main ,indoInitiali&e GUI Prompt user to select machine model from Main ,indoPrompt for test data location 0 in/alid location 1 file format

Simulation ,indo-

Settin! ,indo-

Load block dia!ram

.pen machine's GUI

.pen GUI settin! -indo-

Load parameters /alue to GUI

Plot test data in GUI

0 User chan!es parameters

,ait for user's action

0 User chan!es GUI settin!

0 User clicks simulate button Update parameters /alue in block dia!ram Update GUI settin!

*+ecutes block dia!ram in simulink

Plot simulink result in GUI

0 User e+it GUI

$creenshot

3uture De0elo(ment
Key#oard

shortcut More interacti0e ra(h Pro ram settin )ile Di))erent %ests and machine models