FCE Writing Guide 1 Transactional Letter 1 Part 1 of FCE Paper 2 is compulsory.

You always write a letter to ask for or give information of some kind. This letter may be formal or informal. formal letter is a letter you write to someone you don!t know" or don!t know very well. n informal letter is the kind of letter you write to friends" members of your family and other people you know well. 1. #ear $ir % &adam '' 2. (ove" Elena '' ). $ee you ne*t week+ , -an hardly wait+ '' .. , look forward to re-eiving your reply. '' /. Yours faithfully" na 0ar-ia 1errera '' 2. , am writing in reply to your letter of 1/ &ay. '' 3. 0ive my love to your parents. '' 4. $hould you re5uire any further information" do not hesitate to -onta-t us at the above address. '' 6. 7rite ba-k soon and tell me all your news. '' 18. ,!m sorry , haven!t written for su-h a long time" but ,!ve been really busy. 11. , would be most grateful if you -ould send me any further relevant information. '' lways read the instru-tions -arefully and de-ide what kind of letter" formal or informal" you are supposed to write.

(ook at this task. 7ill your answer be formal or informal9 Some young people you met last summer are planning to visit your country on holiday and have asked you to suggest some places of interest to see. Write a letter of reply using the notes elo!. " !hen# " ho! long# " come and stay#

:ow look at the plan for the above task; pologise for not writing sooner. 2 Thank them for their letter. 1 sk when they will be -oming. . Tell them to write again. 3 ,nvite them to stay for a few days. / $uggest pla-es to visit and things to do. 2 $ay why you haven!t replied sooner. ) Think of ideas; a reason for not replying< things they might en=oy doing and seeing. ,s there a parti-ularly good time of year to visit these pla-es9 7hat -an your friends do there9 >emember that you will need to divide the letter into -learly marked paragraphs" usually three or four. 1ere are some phrases you -an use in this letter; Thank you for your letter. ,t was great to hear from you. $orry , haven!t written ba-k for so long. $orry it!s taken me so long to reply. ,!ve been really busy re-ently. ,!ve been working really hard. ,!ve been studying like mad for my final e*ams. ,!m really pleased you!re -oming to ,taly. ,t!s great that you!re -oming here soon. 7hen e*a-tly will you be -oming9 #o you know when you!re -oming9 7hen are you going to be here9 7hy don!t you -ome and stay with me for a few days9 ,!d love to put you up for a few days. 7ould you like to stay with me for a few days9 You -ould visit (eri-i and Portovenere. The Cin5ue Terre are well worth a visit. ,!m sure you!d really love the &useo (ia. You -an swim and sunbathe on the sandy bea-hes. 7e -ould go for walks in the -ountryside together. 7rite ba-k soon and tell me your plans. 7rite and tell me e*a-tly when you are planning to -ome. :ow write your letter. Try to write about 1/8 words.

FCE Writing Guide $ Transactional Letter $ (ook at the following task. re you asked to write a formal or an informal letter9 (ook at the advertisement and the notes you have made below it. Then write a letter of between 128 and 1/8 words in an appropriate style asking for more information -overing the points in your notes. #o not write any addresses. W%&TE' &EW (E()E*S for water?sports -lub. 7ater?skiing" s-uba diving" =et ski" windsurfing+ You name it @ if it!s a water sport we offer instru-tion and fa-ilities for it. Plenty of opportunities to pra-tise your -hosen sport with other enthusiasts at Club 5uarius+ For your membership appli-ation form write to; The $e-retary Club 5uarius PA Bo* )12 (ittlehampton $usse*" $C) /DT ? ? ? ? membership fee? Annual or monthly payment? Use of facilities free to members? Sports not mentioned in advertisement?

Follow this pro-edure; 1. (ook at the instru-tions and underline the words and phrases whi-h tell you e*a-tly what you have to do. 2. Think of four 5uestions you want to ask in your letter. ). #e-ide what order you want to put them in" and how you will divide the letter into paragraphs. .. 7rite your letter. Cse linking !ords" su-h as firstly+ also+ as !ell as this+ finally. /. Che-k your letter -arefully for any grammar and spelling mistakes. 1ere are some phrases whi-h you may find useful for this kind of letter; , saw your advertisement in this week!s E#aily PostF. , am interested in be-oming a member of EClub 5uariusF. There are a few points whi-h , would be grateful if you -ould -larify. 1ow mu-h does the -lub -ost to =oin9 Could you give me information regarding membership fees9 ,s the membership fee payable monthly or annually9 re members sub=e-t to additional -harges9 ,s the use of the fa-ilities free to members9 #oes the -lub offer other sports in addition to those mentioned in the advertisement9 , would also be grateful if you -ould tell me more about the kind of sports on offer. Thank you very mu-h for your help. , look forward to hearing from you soon. ,o! much should - !rite# ,n Paper 2 of FCE you are always asked to write et!een 1$. and 1/. !ords in Part 1 and et!een 1$. and 10. !ords in part 2. You are assessed on the 5uality and also the 5uantity of English you produ-e" so you should try to write around the upper limit G1/8 or 148 wordsH. Try not to e*-eed this limit by more than a few words.

FCE Writing Guide 1 %rticle 1 ,n Paper 2 Part 2 you may be asked to write an arti-le e*pressing your opinion about something. (ook at this 5uestion. 2ou have een asked to !rite an article for an English language ne!spaper aimed at parents !ith young children. 2our article should e a response to the follo!ing statement3 Foreign languages should be taught at nursery school level. The best way to begin answering a 5uestion like this is to make a plan. &ake two -olumns" one headed FA>" the other 0 ,:$T. Think of arguments for" or in favour of the statement and write them in the first -olumn. Then think of arguments against and write them in the se-ond -olumn. Two arguments ea-h" for and against" will be suffi-ient. ,f you -an!t think of any arguments for and against" imagine what people you a-tually know would think about the 5uestion. 7hat would your mother think9 nd your best friend9 nd your grandparents9 Choose one of these two plans. They are oth good plans. Plan Plan B ,ntrodu-tion; my opinion. Paragraph 1; arguments in favour of the statement. Paragraph 2; arguments against the statement. Con-lusion; state opinion again. ,ntrodu-tion; my opinion Paragraph 1; point for the statement< argument against this point. Paragraph 2; point for the statement< argument against this point Con-lusion; state my opinion again.

Follow your plan. 1ere are some phrases whi-h you may find useful for this kind of arti-le; These days" many people say that I. :owadays" we often hear people say that I.. ,n the last few years it has be-ome fashionable to say that I. The 5uestion of whether very young -hildren should be taught a foreign language is one whi-h is often dis-ussed these days. There are several arguments whi-h -an be made in favour of the statement. Apponents of this view argue that I. nother argument whi-h is often put forward is that I ,n support of this view it may be said that I.. An the other hand" it -an also be argued that I ,n my opinion" I. ,t is often suggested that I. , agree up to a point that I. nother argument against tea-hing very young -hildren a foreign language is that I This is true to a -ertain e*tent" but I. There is a -ertain amount of truth in this argument" but I , -annot agree with this viewpoint" sin-e I ,n -on-lusion" , have to say that I An balan-e" therefore" , feel that I.

FCE Writing Guide 4 *eport ,n Paper 2" Part 2 you may be asked to write a report on a pla-e you have visited and what it offers a parti-ular group of people. (ook at the following task; 2ou !ork in a language school helping to organise e5cursions and trips for students. The school director has asked to prepare a report on a museum in your area. Write your report in 1$."10. !ords descri ing the museum and !hat it has to offer students of English as a foreign language. (ention oth good and ad points in your report. You should plan your answer -arefully" like this; Think of good and bad points about the museum" espe-ially in relation to students of English. Doin the good and bad points using linking e5pressions. The most useful are; but An the other hand

despite % in spite of although % even though 1owever

Arganise your senten-es into numbered paragraphs" with sub?headings" like this; 1. 2. ). .. /. ,ntrodu-tion Pri-e ,nterest (anguage Con-lusion

0ive your report a -lear title" like this; >eport on the $eals &useum" (a $peJia To; $-hool #ire-tor From; E*-ursions offi-er 1ere are some phrases whi-h may help you with this type of report; , visited the $eals &useum last week in order to de-ide if it would be an interesting pla-e for students to visit. , will -omment on the following; pri-e" interest" language The entran-e fee to the museum is I There is a redu-tion for students. $tudents pay half?pri-e on 7ednesdays. There are many interesting e*hibits on display. The Egyptian se-tion was -losed on the day , visited. , espe-ially liked the I , found the I. espe-ially interesting. , think students will appre-iate the I. &ost students will find the I. of interest. guidebook in English is available. The guidebook is rather e*pensive. ,t -ontains some beautiful -olour photographs. The guides are helpful. The guides don!t speak English. There is an audio -ommentary in English. ,t wasn!t working on the day of my visit. ,n my opinion I. To -on-lude" , think that I. , am therefore of the opinion that I.

FCE Writing Guide / Letter of %pplication ,n Paper 2" Part 2 you may be asked to write a letter of appli-ation. (ook at the following =ob advertisement; Trading and Commercial )ank Trainee (anagers 7e will be re-ruiting trainee managers to start work ,n late Dune or early Duly in our bran-hes all over Europe. ppli-ants should have a degree in an appropriate area and a knowledge of English and%or 0erman. pply in writing to; The 6ersonnel 7fficer Trading and Commercial )ank 114 Collins Street (anchester The senten-es in this reply are in the wrong order. Put them in the -orre-t order" by putting 1?2 in the gaps. #ear $ir % &adam" , -an be -onta-ted by telephone on 81282 ./22). in the mornings or at the above address. '' , have a working knowledge of 0erman and have re-ently passed the Cniversity of Cambridge First Certifi-ate in English e*amination. '' , look forward to re-eiving your reply. '' , am writing in reply to your advertisement in last Tuesday!s Evening :ews. '' , will also -omplete a degree in Banking and Finan-e in Dune and will be available for work immediately afterwards. '' , would like to apply for one of the trainee manager positions you advertise. '' Yours faithfully Duan de $ouJa This type of letter is based on a very small number of fi5ed+ formulaic e5pressions. ,f you -an reprodu-e these -orre-tly in the e*am you are -ertain to get a very good mark.

(ook at the following task; 2ou see the follo!ing advertisement in the ne!spaper. Write a letter applying for one of these positions and asking for more details a out the discounts. 'o not !rite any addresses. Trainee Travel %gents 7e are looking for students who are interested in training to be-ome travel agents. To =oin our training s-heme you must have a knowledge of English and an interest in travelling. These positions are unpaid" but you will re-eive large dis-ounts on all our organised tours and holidays.

Write to: &aria $ampras #ire-tor T> KE(7,$E Kia rdipane >ome 8.188 Cnderline the key words in the instru-tions. Think about the form of your letter. 7ill it begin and end in the same way as the previous letter9 Plan your letter. Follow the order of the previous letter. >emember to ask for more information about the dis-ounts. You will also need to give some eviden-e for your knowledge of English and your interest in travelling. You may also want to ask about the possibilities of work at the end of the training period. The following phrases may help you; , am very interested in =oining your training s-heme. , have loved travelling sin-e , was a small -hild. , have visited many -ountries in Europe. , studied English for eight years at s-hool. , am -urrently attending a -ourse to prepare for the First Certifi-ate e*amination. Could you please give me some more information about the dis-ounts you offer9 Your advertisement mentions dis-ounts" and , would be grateful if you -ould tell me I Could you give me some indi-ation about the possibility of finding a =ob on -ompletion of the -ourse9 .

FCE Writing Guide 8 %rticle $ (ook at this 5uestion; % local English language ne!spaper has asked students to !rite articles e5pressing their opinion a out this 9uestion3 Should students do part-time work? Write your article for the ne!spaper. ,n order to write a good answer to this 5uestion" you need to plan your arti-le -arefully. First" de-ide what opinion you are going to e*press. Then think of at least three arguments in support of your opinion. For e*ample; ,mportant and useful to have work e*perien-e (earn to appre-iate the value of money Come into -onta-t with other people" not =ust other students

#e-ide in what order you are going to present your ideas. Then write your arti-le. Be sure to divide it into three or four paragraphs. &ake use of ordering e*pressions like these; First of all $e-ondly Finally :ow write your arti-le. sk the $tudy Centre monitor for help if you need it. Firstly ,n the first pla-e

,n the se-ond pla-e

FCE Writing Guide : Transactional Letter 1 >emember that Part 1 of Paper 2 is compulsory. There is only one 5uestion. You always have to write either a formal or an informal letter. (ook at the 5uestion below. 2ou !ere travelling y train recently and left something that elongs to you on the train. Write a letter to the lost property officer en9uiring a out the thing you lost. ;se these notes in your letter. 'o not !rite any addresses. ? ? ? date of journey destination and departure time description of object

1ow to write a formal letter. ,f you are asked to write to an offi-ial or a -ompany you should :AT use 5uestion tags -ontra-tions linkers like well, anyway, by the way All the best or Love from Alex at the end of your letter

You $1AC(# begin the letter with either Dear Sir / Madam or Mr / Ms/ Dr + the person!s surname use formal language" eg I look forward to re eivin! yo"r re#ly end the letter with $o"rs faithf"lly or $o"rs sin erely sign your letter with your full name

>emember to plan your letter before you start writing. For the 5uestion above" the plan should look like this; e*plain why you are writing say what you lost and when" des-ribe it ask how you -an get it ba-k thank the re-ipient of the letter in advan-e

:ow write your letter. sk the $tudy Centre monitor for help if you need it.

FCE Writing Guide 0 %rticle 1 ,n Paper 2" Part 2 you may have the option of writing an arti-le in whi-h you write about the advantages and disadvantages of something" the arguments for and against something" or in whi-h you write your opinion about a sub=e-t. (ook at this 5uestion. 2ou have een asked to !rite an article for a student ne!spaper on the follo!ing topic3 ,as television improved in your country over the last ten years# Write your article+ saying !hat most people think and giving your o!n point of vie!. To answer this 5uestion well" you need to plan your arti-le -arefully" like this; underline key words in the instru-tions. Think of arguments for and against. 7rite a plan. good plan for this 5uestion might look like this;

-ntroduction3 5uestion as a statement< two points of view 6aragraph 13 des-ribe a situation @ more -hannels than before. 6aragraph $3 more -hoi-e< entertainment mainly 6aragraph 13 not edu-ational< fewer do-umentaries< fewer -ultural programmes Conclusion3 what most people think< what , think. Then write your arti-le and -he-k it -arefully. The following phrases may be useful in writing this type of arti-le; &any people think that I. . 1owever" there are people who think that I. few years ago I.. :owadays" on the other hand" I.. ,t is therefore -ertainly true that I.. ,t is worth remembering however" that I. Furthermore" it must be admitted that I.. An balan-e" therefore , think that I.. :ow write your arti-le. sk the $tudy Centre monitor for help if you need it.

FCE Writing Guide < Formal and -nformal Letters 1ere are some more e*pressions whi-h you -an use when you are writing a letter. #e-ide whether they are suitable for use in a formal or an informal letter and mark them F or -. -nitial greetings ,t was great to hear from you. '' , am writing with referen-e to your letter of 2/ &ay. '' Thanks for writing to me. '' Congratulations 7ell done+ '' , would like to offer -ongratulations on your re-ent promotion. '' Please allow me to -ongratulate you on your re-ent su--ess. '' %dvice = suggestion 7hy not try '' 7hat about going '' ,t is re-ommended that you -onta-t '' You -ould visit '' , urge you to -onsider the points , have made. '' ,f , were you ,!d '' Linkers &oreover" '' Then again" '' Furthermore" '' Better still" '' 7hat!s more" '' dditionally" '' Endings #o drop me a line if you have time. '' , look forward to hearing from you without delay. '' 1ope to hear from you soon. '' Leep in tou-h. '' , hope to hear from you at your earliest -onvenien-e. '' :ow look at this e*ample of a Part 1 task. You have =ust returned from a trip to Florida. You flew there and ba-k with EA-ean irF. You de-ide to write to the airline to -omplain about your flight and ask for some money ba-k. >ead the advertisement and the notes you made and then" using the information" write a letter to the airline. You may add other relevant points of your own.

FL2 7CE%& %-* T7 FL7*-'% We offer3 4 flights a day late boarding !ide+ comforta le seats friendly+ !ell"trained staff quite rude a good choice of food >no pro lems !ith special diets? no vegetarian for me! the latest in in"flight entertainment movie already been on TV!

7rite your letter in 128?148 words. #o not in-lude any postal addresses. :ow think about how you will answer this 5uestion. 7hat kind of letter will it be9 1ow will you begin and end the letter9 1ow are you going to organise the letter9 1ow many paragraphs will you write9 7hat kind of linking words will you use9 >emember that you must in-lude all the points in the rubri-" so you must make referen-e to the late boarding" the rudeness of the staff" the la-k of a vegetarian alternative and the old film. You may" if you wish" make further points" Gyou -ould" for e*ample" -omment on the seatsH but remember not to write mu-h more than 148 words. 1ere are some phrases to help you; , am writing to -omplain about I. , re-ently flew to Florida with your airline" and unfortunately I. Your advertisement talks about I. whereas my e*perien-e was that I. ,n your advertisement you say I. . 1owever" in reality" I. Your advertisement mentions I. . An my flight" however" I. nother -ause for -omplaint was that I.. :ot only that" but I.. ll in all" , am most dissatisfied with the servi-e , re-eived and I. , hope you will be able to refund at least some of the return fare" as I. , hope to re-eive an apology in the near future. :ow write your letter. sk the $tudy Centre monitor for help if you need it.

FCE Writing Guide 1. *eport $ ,n Part 2 of Paper 2 you may be asked to write a report. This will involve the presentation of information in a -lear" fa-tual way" using headings" and sometimes with some suggestions or re-ommendations. (ook at this task. 2our local museum is 9uite old"fashioned and not many people visit it. 2our local tourist oard has asked you to !rite a report on the museum+ and give some recommendations on ho! to improve its image. Write your report. ,n the following report" the paragraphs are in the wrong order and they don!t have a suitable heading. >ead through the te*t and de-ide on the right order and then -hoose an appropriate heading from the list below. Purpose B The museum today C $uggested improvements # dditional fa-ilities E Con-lusion W%'E(7;T, (;SE;( 1. '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' The museum mainly -ontains items -onne-ted with the pottery industry and various inventions -onne-ted with it. Generally" most of the items are displayed in glass -abinets with e*planations on small bits of -ard. These aren!t very easy to read and some of them are pla-ed too high for small -hildren. The lighting inside the building is also very poor. 2. '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' To sum up" , found that 7ademouth &useum -ould have a bright future if some time was spent up?dating the displays and opening some new fa-ilities. ). '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Finally" , spoke to some of the visitors" and one thing that most people mentioned is having a good gift shop and a -afM in the building. The profits from these would help to pay for more interesting displays. .. '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' The aim of this report is to give an outline of what -an be seen in this museum and to suggest ways in whi-h the museum -an -hange its image. /. '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' lthough the museum gives the visitor a good idea of how the pottery industry developed through the ages in this area" it doesn!t make the sub=e-t -ome alive. - !ould recommend that the museum puts in some working models" or" even better" have people showing you how the pots were produ-ed. The -orre-t order for the paragraphs is; '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' :ow look at the e*pressions in old. 7hi-h of the fun-tions below do they illustrate9 1. ,ntrodu-ing '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2. >eporting an impression '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ). 0eneralising ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' .. &aking a re-ommendation or suggestion ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' /. Con-luding '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' :ow look at this 5uestion.

2ou regularly !rite a column in your college maga@ine on ne! films that are eing sho!n in your to!n. %ttendance at the local cinema is falling+ and they have asked you to !rite a report+ ased on research at your college+ on the cinemaAs facilities and to make some recommendations on ho! to attract more people to the cinema. Write your report.

C%E Writing Guide 1 -nformal Letter 1 (ook at this task; Some English friends+ 6eter and Sue ,all+ have !ritten to you for advice. Their $."year"old son+ Tom+ !ants to get a Bo teaching English in your country. This is part of a letter you have received from them3 Toms doing a teacher-training course at the moment, as you know, but he thinks he ought to learn something of the language before he comes, which seems like a good idea. Hes bought a Teach Yourself book on the language, but we were wondering if you had any other suggestions which would help him. ts !uite a while since he studied a language at school, so hed also be really grateful for some general tips on learning a language. Write a letter to Tom giving advice and any helpful suggestions that you can. Write a out $/. !ords. >ead the 5uestion -arefully and highlight the key points. sk yourself; 7hat!s the purpose of your letter9 7hat two things do you need to give advi-e on9

Think about the content of your letter. Think about these points; 7hat would be the advantages of Tom being able to speak a bit of your language when he arrives9 Think about the language; is there anything an English speaker would find parti-ularly diffi-ult or unusual Gpronun-iation" grammar" writing system et-H9 &ake a list of all the things Tom -ould do to learn your language" from having private lessons or buying a -assette -ourse to listening to radio broad-asts. Think about the pros and -ons in terms of -ost" time and effe-tiveness. #e-ide whi-h method seems most realisti-. ,s there anything you -ould do to help" eg send magaJines or simple books9 7rite down any general tips on learning a language that you think would be helpful. Cse your own e*perien-e as far as possible.

&ake a plan for your letter. #e-ide on the main se-tions you want to have and think about the best way to organise them. Dot down the main points for ea-h se-tion. Think about a suitable introdu-tion and -on-lusion. 1ere are some points to remember when you are writing an informal letter; #ear Len" always "se a name &any thanks for your letter and the photos% &e!in the first senten e with a a#ital

)eginnings ,n an informal letter to a friend it may be appropriate to begin by mentioning a letter whi-h you have re-ently re-eived" or by making general friendly -omments. 'sef"l lan!"a!e &any thanks for your letter I ,t was lovely to hear from you. , was glad to hear that you had a good holiday. , hope you and the family are well. Giving advice

'sef"l lan!"a!e You asked me for advi-e on I. 1ave you thought about I. ,t might be a good idea to I. Ane thing , would suggest is I. Endings ,t is usual to end letters whi-h e*pe-t a reply with a senten-e on a separate line. For e*ample; (ooking forward to hearing from you % seeing you. 1ope to hear from you soon % see you soon. 7rite and tell me how you are getting on. 7rite soon %$ee you soon. Closing salutation &est wishes and $o"rs followed by your name on the ne*t line are useful general endings. For -lose friends you -an end with Love 1ope to hear from you soon Best wishes 0ianni :ow write your letter to Tom. sk the $tudy Centre monitor for help if you need it.

C%E Writing Guide $ Formal Letter 1 (ook at this task. You are attending a -ourse in (ondon. (ast week" be-ause the trains were delayed by bad weather" you were late for -ollege every day. An the worst day" the train was 1 hour 28 minutes late and you missed two -lasses. This is an e*tra-t from an information leaflet you have pi-ked up at the station. We hope you have a pleasant Bourney !ith Capital *ail+ ut if you have any comments or complaints a out our services+ please !rite to the Customer Care (anager at the address elo!. What !e promise to do !hen things go !rong3 -f you are delayed for more than one hour you may claim rail vouchers to the value of /.C of the Bourney made. 7rite a letter to the Customer Care &anager at Capital >ail -omplaining about the poor servi-e you have e*perien-ed and asking for -ompensation. Cse your own words as far as possible. 7rite about 2/8 words. You do not need to in-lude addresses. >ead the instru-tions -arefully and highlight the key points. sk yourself; 7hat is the purpose of your letter9

7hat do you want it to a-hieve9

Content Your letter should in-lude the following points. 7hy you are writing 7hi-h of your =ourneys were delayed 1ow long the delays were 7hat happened as a result of the travel delays 7hat -ompensation you re5uire

7rganisation #e-ide how you will organise these points into about four paragraphs. 7hat kind of things -an you say in ea-h paragraph9 Style and register Thinking about what you want the letter to a-hieve" -onsider these 5uestions; $hould the letter be formal or informal9 7hat tone is appropriate" eg angry" humorous" sar-asti-" -ool and fa-tual9

Layout of a formal letter This is how we organise a formal letter" although in the C E e*am it is not ne-essary to write addresses. "" York #treet $ridewell $%& '() The *rincipal .lifton .ollege .lifton ./( "%0 1ear #ir, am interested in applying for a place on a computer course at your college and would be grateful if you could send me full details of the courses you offer and the fees, together with an application form. look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully #. 2. 3ilchrist $. &. 0il-hrist G&sH Letter of complaint ,n the first paragraph e*plain the reason for writing. ,n the second paragraph e*plain e*a-tly what the problem is. 0ive all the ne-essary details about where and when it happened and who was involved. 0ive other relevant information in further paragraphs if ne-essary. ,n the final paragraph e*plain what a-tion you want to be taken. "' +o,ember "))-

'sef"l lan!"a!e , am writing to -omplain about I to e*press my -on-ern about the fa-t that I to e*press my annoyan-e at I. , must insist that you I. , must urge you to I. , feel , am entitled to a refund. , feel , am entitled to some -ompensation for the in-onvenien-e , have suffered. , hope you will -onsider the points , have raised very -arefully. , shall e*pe-t a written apology at your earliest -onvenien-e. Endings ,t is usual to end letters whi-h e*pe-t a reply with a senten-e on a separate line. The most -ommon ending is; - look for!ard to hearing from you. C%E Writing Guide 1 6ersonal &otes and (essages (ook at this task. 2ou are !orking as an assistant in the offices of an English company. 2ou are finishing some !ork after your colleagues have left !hen the phone rings for you. %s a result of the call+ you need to take the follo!ing day off !ork. Write t!o notes e5plaining the situation+ one to your oss+ and one to a colleague and friend+ !ith !hom you had a lunch date. Write 8."0. !ords in each note. task like this will be more realisti- and more su--essful if you de-ide on some -on-rete details before you start. ,f you -an use true fa-ts" it!s very easy" but if you -an!t" invent some interesting and believable ones+ #e-ide on answers to the 5uestions below. 2our !ork3 7hat kind of work do you do for the -ompany9 1ow long have you been with the -ompany9 1ow will you be able to make up for the time you will miss9 The phone call3 7ho was it from9 7hat was the message9 7hy is it important9 7hy was there su-h short noti-e9 2our oss3 &ale % female9 1ow well do you get on with him % her9 1ow are they likely to rea-t to your being away9 2our colleague3 &ale % female9 1ow long have you known him % her9 1ave you had lun-h together before9 The lunch3 7here were you going to go9 7ill there be any problem about -an-elling9 7hen -ould you have lun-h instead9 :otes and messages are usually even more informal than informal letters" although the e*a-t degree of formality will depend on the spe-ifi- relationship. #e-ide whi-h phrases from the list below would be more appropriate in the note to your boss G )H and whi-h in the note to your -olleague GCH , re-eived a telephone -all '' rang me '' ,!ll gladly make up the time '' ,n the -ir-umstan-es '' $ome other time9 '' out of the blue '' su-h short noti-e '' ,!m really sorry '' , apologise for any in-onvenien-e ''

There are no fi*ed rules about the layout of notes and messages. (ook at these e*amples and the -omments whi-h follow. 4ri

.hris, 5ust to let you know that managed to get " tickets for the 4laming /ips concert at the 0nsemble Theatre on Tues. t starts at 6.7), so shall we meet outside the theatre at about 6.8(9 :e could ha,e a bite to eat afterwards if you like. #ee you soon ;. Hastings 6<88 1ear .lare, = !uick note to thank you for helping me with the >ob application. Your ad,ice was much appreciated. ,e sent it off now, so lets hope get an inter,iew. #aw 4rank yesterday. ll pass on the news when see you. =ll the best, =llison The day" date or time is normally somewhere at the top. You -an begin with Dear (, with a first name or =ust an initial" depending on your relationship. ,nformal language is often appropriate. You need not always write in full senten-es Finish with your name or initial.

)eginning a note :o spe-ial introdu-tory phrases are ne-essary but notes often begin with e*pressions like; Dust Ga noteH to 5ui-k note to %pologising $orry , -ouldn!t % wasn!t able to % forgot to I. , Gwould like toH apologise for missing the meeting. Ending a note :o spe-ial fi*ed phrases are needed but notes and messages may end with e*pressions like; $ee you soon $peak to you soon ll the best :ow write the two notes for the task above. sk the $tudy Centre monitor for help if you need it. let you know % tell you % -he-k that I. ask % see if I. thank you for % apologise for % about

C%E Writing Guide 4 Leaflet

(ook at this task. 2ou !ork in a fitness centre. The centre !ould like to encourage more usiness people to use its facilities after !ork. There are many companies in your to!n !hich have English"speaking employees and you have een asked to prepare the te5t for a leaflet aimed at them. 2ou should3 1. introduce the fitness centre and its facilities. $. emphasise the enefits of regular e5ercise. 1. give rief general advice on !ays of avoiding stress in daily life. Write the te5t for the leaflet using a out $/. !ords. First" you will need to think about the -ontent of your leaflet. ? make a list of possible e*er-ise and other fa-ilities Gsu-h as a shop" -afM et-H ? make notes about the benefits of regular e*er-ise Gand the dangers of ina-tivityH ? think about what to in-lude in the Egeneral advi-eF se-tion. Layout and organisation ,nformation sheets" leaflets and bro-hures are intended to inform" persuade or !arn. The two main aims are therefore to -at-h the reader!s attention and to present the message as -learly as possible. To do this" layout and organisation need to be as effe-tive as possible. $hort paragraphs with -lear headings are mu-h easier to read and absorb than long blo-ks of te*t" for e*ample. The best approa-h is to imagine yourself as the reader and to ask what you would want to know" and in what order you would find it easiest to absorb the information. Consider these points; (ain heading3 ? ,s this as dire-t and eye?-at-hing as possible9 ? #oes it give the reader a -lear idea of what the sub=e-t is9 ? #oes it make the reader want to read on9 Su headings3 ? re these short and -lear9 sking a 5uestion in your heading may be more interesting than stating a fa-t. Te5t3 ? ? ,s the information broken up into short" easy?to?read se-tions9 ,s the order logi-al9

Disual help3 Can you help the reader" for e*ample; by indenting small sub?se-tions so that they stand out as small blo-ks whi-h are -learly separate from the main te*t9 ? by putting important points on separate lines9 Ar 2. by numbering your points9 Ar by putting EbulletsF in front of main points9 Ar by using different STYLES and sizes of writing9 Ar by underlining or putting bo*es round important words. You won!t be marked on your design skills" of -ourse" but you may make a good impression on the e*aminer+ (ook at this e*ample of a leaflet whi-h gives information about looking after your heart. 1ere we have reprodu-ed only the te5t of the leaflet" as this is all that you are re5uired to produ-e in the e*am. real?life leaflet would of -ourse -ontain visuals as well. Look %fter 2our ,eart $imple 0uide To Feeling Fitter

(ooking Better nd (iving (onger Why do - need to look after my heart# By looking after your heart you -an feel fitter and look better @ and you!ll be prote-ting yourself against heart disease too. England is one of the worst -ountries in the world for heart disease. ,t -auses one in three of all deaths among //?2. year olds. What causes heart disease# Your heart needs a supply of o*ygen that -omes from the blood in its arteries. Aver a number of years these arteries -an get -logged up and the supply of blood to the heart -an stop. This -auses a heart atta-k. -Am fit and healthy. Why should - !orry# 1eart atta-ks usually happen to people in middle age" but the damage to your arteries -an start long before that" without you realising it. ,t -an even start to develop in -hildhood. $o it!s important to look after your heart now" whatever your age. -snAt a heart attack a 9uick !ay to go# :ot always. 1eart disease -an -ause years of pain" dis-omfort and worry. ,o! can - avoid getting heart disease# There are no guarantees" but the best way to avoid heart disease is; 'onAt smoke Eat healthily Take regular e5ercise Go easy on alcohol %void stress if you can ,f you have heart disease in you family you may have a greater risk of getting it yourself so it!s espe-ially important to follow this advi-e. :ow use these tips to help you write your answer to the task about the fitness -entre. sk the $tudy Centre monitor if you need additional help. C%E Writing Guide / *evie! (ook at this task. 2ou have een asked to !rite a short film revie! for a school =college maga@ine. Choose any film !hich you think might e of interest to your fello! students. The film can e in any language and it can e of any type3 comedy+ thriller+ science fiction+ romance+ historical drama etc. 2our rief is to include a clear description of the story=contents+ to comment on !hat you think the most successful and least successful features are+ and to give an overall recommendation. Write a out $/. !ords. First" -hoose a film to review. ,t doesn!t have to be a new film" though it is helpful if you have seen it re-ently" and you don!t have to have en=oyed it. $ometimes it!s easier to pinpoint what you don!t like about something than what you like+ Think about what you liked or didn!t like about the film. The purpose of a review is firstly to give fa-tual information about the sub=e-t" and se-ondly to give an opinion about it whi-h will help the reader to de-ide whether to buy the book" see the play or film or visit the e*hibition. >eviews normally -ontain three main ingredients; overvie!" pros and cons" and verdict" whi-h are des-ribed more fully below. review may not always fall into three neat se-tions" however. The writer may de-ide to des-ribe an aspe-t of the sub=e-t and -omment immediately on strengths and weaknesses" for e*ample" before going on to des-ribe another aspe-t of the sub=e-t.

7vervie! E a description of the su Bect )ook E non"fiction3 7hat is it about9 7ho is it for9 1ow te-hni-al is it9 1ow is it organised9 7hat topi-s are -overed9 7hat spe-ial features are there9 1ow mu-h does it -ost9 et-. )ook E fiction 7hat kind of book is it9 Gthriller" histori-al novel" s-ien-e fi-tion et-H9 ,s it different in any way from other books of this type9 7hat!s the story9 et- GYou -an give an outline but don!t give the ending away+H 6lay = film = TD programme 7hat is it about9 ,s there anything spe-ial % unusual about the produ-tion9 6lay = film; 7here is it on9 re there any well?known a-tors9 7ho is the dire-tor9 TD programme3 7hi-h -hannel9 ,s it part of a series9 7ho is the produ-er9 6ros and cons E detailed comments on the successful and unsuccessful features of the su Bect. Your -omments will probably in-lude both o Bective views Gthe photographs in a book were poor 5uality or the -ostumes didn!t fit the a-tors properly" for e*ampleH and su Bective views Gbased on personal feelingsH @ the story wasn!t interesting or the film was too violent. &ake sure" however" that you give reasons for your -omments. You may have strong positive or negative feelings about the sub=e-t of the review and this is no bad thing. strong opinion" -learly argued" is often more interesting to read than a -arefully balan-ed assessment. Even so" try not to be -ompletely one?sided. Derdict E summing"up and recommendation The last paragraph should sum up your feelings and make it -lear to the reader whether you re-ommend the sub=e-t without any reservations" re-ommend it with one or two reservations" or don!t re-ommend it at all. ,n real life" readers often look at the last paragraph of a review first to see what the general verdi-t is. &ake sure your review gives a -lear verdi-t. E*ample of a film review. Cra@y 6lum er E 6la@a Cinema ,f you have seen the advan-e publi-ity" you might imagine that this was a funny film. 7rong. ,t!s a film whi-h tries very hard to be funny and fails -onsistently. The story -on-erns a plumber who isn!t very good at his =ob. 7hen his -ustomers desert" and he -an!t pay his bills" he de-ides to turn to -rime. 1e tries a little shoplifting Ghe isn!t very good at it" of -ourseH but then he gets involved in bigger things. 7ayne 0ibson" who plays the hero" has one or two good lines but most of the time he!s struggling with a terrible s-ript. There are a few good moments @ the -ar -hase se5uen-e is memorable @ but the storyline is very slight and the dire-tor seems to have run out of ideas very 5ui-kly. s the film progresses" the level of violen-e in-reases. #espite the publi-ity" this is not a film for young -hildren. great deal of money went into the making of )ra*y +l"mber but in the end spe-ta-ular effe-ts are no substitute for real humour. ;seful language 7vervie! The book % film % programme -on-erns I deals with I shows I des-ribes I tells the story of I ,t -ontains ,t in-ludes 6ros and cons really e*traordinary fas-inating 5uite interesting amusing really boring unimaginative a -hapter on a se-tion on a study of a survey of a history of

absolutely

amaJing beautiful stunning superb brilliant

fairly

entertaining e*-iting informative attra-tive su--essful

-ompletely humourless hopeless amateurish over the top predi-table

Derdict ll in all,n the last analysis ,n -on-lusion To sum up An balan-e

:ow use these tips to write your answer to the task. need it. C%E Writing Guide 8 %rticle (ook at this task.

sk the $tudy Centre monitor for additional help if you

2ou have a friend !ho !orks for an organisation that arranges study e5changes for school and college students. The organisation produces a regular maga@ine+ !hich features articles a out e5change countries+ e5periences people have had a road+ etc. ,ere is part of a letter from your friend. theres been a big increase in the number of people applying for study exchanges to your country nearly double last years figures! in fact. "lmost all will be staying with local families and! as itll be the first time most of them have been to your country! we thought we ought to put an introduction to the basic customs in the next edition of our maga#ine. So $ was wondering youve guessed it% if you could possibly write a short article on the topic. &ou could explain any special habits to do with greeting! eating! being a good guest! etc! and also include any points about family or social life which you think they should be aware of. $ know youd do a brilliant job and $d be really grateful. 'ope to hear from you soon Write your article in appro5imately $/. !ords. n arti-le is a pie-e of writing on a parti-ular sub=e-t whi-h is written for publi-ation in a newspaper" magaJine or newsletter. %pproach wide range of approa-hes is possible" depending on the sub=e-t matter. light?hearted or humorous topimight be given a fairly personal treatment" for e*ample" while a more serious topi- would be treated in a more neutral" analyti- way. ,eadings rti-les should have a heading whi-h makes the sub=e-t matter -lear but whi-h also -at-hes the reader!s eye and makes him or her want to read. :ewspapers and magaJines often use dramati- statements or word play in headings for this reason" and sometimes add a sub?heading whi-h gives more information. Layout and organisation s with any other kind of -omposition" it!s important to have an interesting introdu-tion and a suitable -on-lusion to Eround offF the pie-e" and to organise the information into paragraphs whi-h help the reader to follow the argument or understand the different aspe-ts of the sub=e-t. ,n addition" arti-les often in-lude an outline of the story or the topi- near the beginning so that the reader begins with a general pi-ture and then reads on to find out more information. Your C E -oursebook will -ertainly -ontain many e*amples of different types of arti-les" taken from English? language newspapers and magaJines. (ook at ea-h one -arefully to see how the writer uses organisation and style to -reate interest. :ow look at the e*ample below;

Screaming Tyres )y Tracy Cole 1ave you ever wondered what it would be like to sit behind the wheel of a ra-ing -ar9 re you looking for a really imaginative birthday present for a -ar?mad friend or relation9 ,f the answer to either of these 5uestions is EyesF" then you may be interested to hear about a -ourse , took at $toke (odge >a-ing $-hool re-ently. &y day as a ra-ing driver was the first priJe in a newspaper -ompetition , had entered" and , must say that it was the most e*-iting priJe ,!ve ever won. The day began with theoreti-al instru-tion -overing all aspe-ts of safety. This was followed by pra-ti-al tuition in a high?performan-e saloon -ar. 7ith no traffi- to worry about" , was able to pra-tise -ontrolling the -ar on bends and prepare myself for the ultimate e*perien-e @ the -han-e to drive a single?seater ra-ing -ar. nd finally" with -rash helmet on and full harness seat belts se-ured" , was able to rev up the engine and edge my way out onto the -ir-uit. $i* breathtaking laps later" my dream had be-ome reality. For those not lu-ky enough to win a day at the ra-ing s-hool" the -ost of the introdu-tory -ourse is N128" whi-h in-ludes all e5uipment and also an impressive -ertifi-ate to hang on the wall. nyone who -an drive a -ar -an en=oy the e*perien-e" regardless of age. The oldest parti-ipant so far has been 4/" and , understand that he has booked a se-ond -ourse+ :ote in parti-ular the following points; heading @ short" dramati Apening @ -at-hes the reader!s attention by asking a 5uestion $eparate paragraphs for different aspe-ts of the sub=e-t Ending @ rounds the arti-le off suitably with a =oke. :ow" plan your answer the task above" like this; ? ? ? ? Think of a title" perhaps one with a tou-h of humour. &ake a list of the topi-s suggested in the 5uestion and =ot down any ideas you have for ea-h one. ,magine yourself as a visitor to your -ountry and your family. 7hat would seem strange9 7hat mistakes might you make9 #e-ide on the best order for the topi-s. &ake your arti-le readable. >emember your readers! ages. 1ow -an you get their attention to begin with9 1ow -an you keep them reading9 7hat would be a good ending9 sk the $tudy Centre monitor if you need additional

:ow use the tips above to help you write your arti-le. help.

C%E Writing Guide : -nformation *eport (ook at this task; %n English friend of yours is !orking on a series of articles called F2oung and 7ld %round the WorldG !hich looks at different to!ns and cities through the eyes of teenagers and senior citi@ens. She has !ritten asking for your help and this is an e5tract from her letter. (hat $ want is some first-hand information about what its like to live in your town from the point of view of the two different age groups. &ou would need to interview! say! ten people in each category

on the main topics of public transport! entertainment! and shopping and write me a brief report. )ould you also include a short introduction about your town and give a little summing up at the end? Write your report in a out $/. !ords. report is a formal do-ument prepared by one person or a group of people who have been studying a parti-ular sub=e-t. There are two basi- kinds of reports; The first simply provides information on a topi- and gives a brief -on-lusion or summary at the end. E*ample; a report on the edu-ational system in a parti-ular -ountry" written to help someone resear-h the sub=e-t. The se-ond sets out to identify strengths and weaknesses in a parti-ular situation and make re-ommendations for improvement. E*ample; a report on the library fa-ilities in a -ollege written at the re5uest of the prin-ipal.

Language and register >eports are the most impersonal kind of writing and it is usually best to avoid e*pressing personal opinions or feelings" e*-ept" perhaps" in the -on-lusion. ,nstead of I think that ( or I fo"nd thatI for e*ample" you -an use the impersonal E,tF -onstru-tion and a passive" eg It seems that( It was fo"nd that ( ,t is also advisable to avoid making very definite statements unless you!re absolutely sure they!re true. ,nstead of saying It is for e*ample" you -an use a modal verb eg It o"ld/may/mi!ht be or a more tentative e*pression su-h as It seems to be or It tends to be% Layout and organisation >eports should have a -lear fa-tual heading and may also have su headings whi-h divide the writing into shorter se-tions. The information should be organised and presented as -learly and logi-ally as possible" with a short introduction e*plaining the aims of the report and how the information was obtained and a suitable conclusion" summing up the information and making re-ommendations if ne-essary. ;seful language -ntroduction3 The aim of this report is to.. This report is intended to.. This report looks at % des-ribes.. *eporting an o servation; ,t seems%appears that.. The ma=ority % minority of I Huoting3 Speculating3 --ording to I s O saidI ,t may % -ould % might GwellH be that .. An the whole ,n the main $trangely ,t is interesting that ,t is based onI ,t draws on ,t uses..

,t was found that.. ,t was felt that .. ,n the words of I

Generalising3 ,n general

Commenting3 ,nterestingly Curiously Addly $urprisingly Predi-tably s might be Ghave beenH e*pe-ted (aking a recommendation3

,t is re-ommended that .. GPerhapsH it would be advisable for O to GdoH GPerhapsH O might %should -onsider An balan-e ,n short

Summing up3 To sum up % To summarise $tudy the following e*ample -arefully; Leisure Facilities in Grimthorpe

-ntroduction The aim of this report is to des-ribe and assess the leisure fa-ilities available in 0rimthorpe. ,t is based on information made available by the 0rimthorpe Tourist Affi-e" and on views e*pressed by lo-al people who were interviewed. Sport 0rimthorpe has a wide range of sports fa-ilities" both publi- and private. There is a large modern leisure -entre in the 1igh $treet and fa-ilities in-lude a swimming pool" a sports hall for =udo" fen-ing and other a-tivities" and tennis -ourts. The -entre runs -ourses in all these sports and these tend to be very popular. &embership -osts N1/8 a year" whi-h was felt to be rather e*pensive" but a spe-ial temporary membership is available to visitors. The publi- swimming pool on the outskirts of the town is older" less attra-tive and often over-rowded" but entry is only N1./8. Theatres There are two theatres in town" the Lings Theatre in Bee $treet" whi-h offers mainly EseriousF drama and has a good reputation for its produ-tions of $hakespeare" and the (ittle Theatre in $ea $treet whi-h spe-ialises in lighter entertainment and the o--asional pop -on-ert. ,n general" it seems that the Lings Theatre is more popular with the older members of the -ommunity while the (ittle appeals more to people in their teens and twenties. (useums and %rt Galleries The City &useum has an e*tensive -olle-tion of maps" pottery and other arti-les -onne-ted with 0rimthorpe!s history. The attendants are said to be very friendly and helpful" and there is also a small -afM with reasonably pri-ed home?made sna-ks. ,nterestingly" few of the lo-al people interviewed had ever been to the museum but it was re-ommended highly by several tourists. Conclusion 0rimthorpe is well provided with leisure fa-ilities for a town of its siJe and these are well used by the townspeople on the whole. $port seems to be the most popular leisure a-tivity" while -ultural a-tivities like visiting the museum or art gallery appeared to be the least popular among the 0rimthorpians who were interviewed. Perhaps the City Coun-il should -onsider laun-hing a publi-ity -ampaign to show how mu-h these fa-ilities have to offer. :ow use these tips to help you write your answer to the task above.