If the value of something is increased by x % then decreased by y % then resulting effect in percent : + x + y + xy/100 The Salary of a or!

er is first increased by 10% and thereafter decreased by "%# $hat is the overall change in percent# overall change % + 10 & " + '+10('&"(/100 % + )#" % 'increased( use '+( sign for increment and '&( sign for decrement# * shop!eeper mar!s the price of goods +0% more than the real price# ,e allo ed a discount of 10%# $hat profit or loss did he get.rofit or loss the shop!eeper get: +0 & 10 + '++0('&10(/100 % + /% 'profit(
Example 3:

The side of a square is increased by 30%. Find the percentage increase in area.

Solution:

ncrease in area ! 30 " 30 " #30$#30$%&00 ! '(%.

Example ):

f the radius of a circle is decreased by *0%. +hat percent change in area,

Solution:

percent change in area: - *0 - *0 " #-*0$#-*0$%&00 ! -3'% #decreased$

Example .:

f the price of a shirt is increased by &.% than decreased by &.%. +hat is percent change,

Solution:

percent change : " &. - &. " #"&.$#-&.$%&00 ! - *.*. % #decreased$

Example ':

The length of a rectangle is increased by )0% and breadth is decreased by )0%. Find change in area.

Solution:

percent change in area: )0 - )0 " #-)0$#")0$%&00 ! -&'%#decreased$

Example /:

if a number is increased by *0% and again increased by *0%. 0y 1hat percent should the number increased.

Solution:

percent increased: *0 " *0 " #"*0$#"*0$%&00 ! ))%#increased$

f the price of the comodity is increased or decreased by r% then reduction in the consuption so as not to increase the expenditure : r &00" r x &00 Example &:

f the price of the sugar fall do1n by &0%. 0y ho1 much percent must the householder increase its consuption so as not to decrease the expenditure.

Solution:

increase in consuption : &0 &00 - &0 x &00 ! &&.&&%

Example *:

f 23s salary is *.% more than 0 then ho1 much percent the 03s salary is less than that of 2.

Solution:

03s salary is less than that of 2 : *. &00 " *. ! *0% 4 Example 3:

f 23s salary is 30% less than that of 0 then ho1 much percent is 03s salary is more than that of 2

Solution:

03s salary is more than that of 2: 30 &00 - 30 x &00 ! )*%

Example ):

f the price of petrol is increased by 30 percent5 by ho1 much petrol a car o1ner must reduce his consuption in oreder to maintain the same budget.

Solution:

reduction in consuption : 30 &00 " 30 x &00 ! 300%&3% Shortcut 3:

x% of a quantity is ta6en by the first5 y% of the remaining is ta6en by the second and so on5 7o1 if 2 is the amount left then find the initial amount : initial amount ! 2x&00x&00x&00 #&00"x$#&00"y$#&00"8$ 1here 2 is the left amount. Example &:

2fter reducing &0% from a certain sum and then *0% from the remaining 5 there is 9s 3'00 left then find the original sum.

Solution:

original sum ! 3'00x&00x&00x&00 #&00-&0$#&00-*0$ ! 9s .000

Example *:

2 man had 9s ):00 in his loc6er. T1o years ago in the first year he deposited *0% of the amount in his loc6er. n second year he deposit *.% of increased amount find the left amount in the loc6er.

Solution:

left amount : ):00 ! 2x&00x&00x&00 #&00"*0$#&00"*.$ !4 2 ! 9s /*00 Example 3:

n a library *0% of the boo6s are in hindi 5 .0% of the remaining are in English 30% of the remaining are in french5 the remaining '300 boo6s are in regional language5 total no of boo6s 1ould be,

Solution:

Total no of boo6s ! '300x&00x&00x&00 #&00-*0$#&00-.0$#&00-30$ ! **.00 Shortcut ):

Shortcut ):

2 candidate scoring x% in an examination fails by 3a3 mar6s5 1hile another candidate 1ho scores y% mar6s gets 3b3 mar6s more than then the minimum required pass mar6s. Then the maximum mar6s for the examination are ; ! &00#a " b$ y-x Example &:

2 candidate scores *.% and fails by 30 mar6s5 1hile another candidate 1ho scores .0% mar6s5 gets *0 mar6s more than the minimum required mar6s to pass the examination. Find the maximum mar6s for the examination.

Solution:

;aximum mar6s ! &00#30 " *0$ .0 - *. ! *00 Shortcut ':

f 3a3 articles are bought for 9s 3b3 and sell them 3c3 for 9s 3d3. Then profit or loss made by the <ender: axd-bxc bxc x &00 Example &:

f a man purchase && orange for 9s &0 and sell them &0 for 9s &&. =o1 much profit or loss did he made,

Solution:

>rofit or loss made : && x && - &0 x &0 &0 x &0 x &00 ! *&%

Example *:

2 boy buys orange ( for 9s &' and sell them && for 9s *0. Find profit or loss percent.

Solution:

profit or loss percent made : ( x *0 - && x &' && x *0 x &00 ! *.%&& %. Shortcut /:

Selling >rice#S>$ ! gi<en#9s$ x &00 #&00 " ?$ #&00 " gi<en$

Example &:

0y selling a horse for 9s ./0 a trader loses .%. 2t 1hat price must he sell it to gain .%.

Solution:

S> ! ./0 x #&00 " .$ &00 - . ! '30

Shortcut ::

@ost >rice#@>$ ! more amount#9s$ x &00 Aifference in profit

Example &:

;ahesh sold a boo6 at a profit of &*%. =ad he sold i for 9s &: more 5 &:% 1ould ha<e been gained. Find @>.

Solution:

@> ! &: x &00 '

! 300

Example *:

2 man sold a horse at a loss of /%. =ad he be able to sell it at a gain of (%. t 1ould ha<e fetch ') more. Find @ost >rice.

Solution:

=ere difference in >ercent is ( - #-/$ ! &' =ence5@ost price ! ') x &00 &' ! )00 principle ! more money x &00 T x more rate Example &:

2 sum 1as put at S at a certain <alue for * years5 had it been put at 3% higher rate5 it 1ould ha<e fetch 300 more 5 find the sum.

Solution:

sum ! 300 x &00 *x3 ! .000

Shortcut &0:

Time ! gi<en time#n* - &$ #n& - &$

Example &:

2 sum of money double itself in ) years 5 in ho1 many years 1ill it become : times of itself ,

Solution:

t! )#: - &$ *-& ! *:

Example *:

2 sum of money double itself in / years 5 in ho1 many years it 1ill become ) times of itself,

Solution:

t! /#) - &$ *-& ! *& Shortcut &0:

Time and 1or6 : m& x d& x h& x 1* ! m* x d* x h* x 1& 1here 5 m& 5 m* ! number of men or 1omen gi<en d& 5 d* ! number of days gi<en h& 5 h* ! number of hours gi<en 1& 5 1* ! any 1or6 gi<en

Example &:

&' men can do a piece of 1or6 in &0 days. =o1 many man are needed to complete the 1or6 in )0 days.

Solution:

here 5 m& x d& ! m* x d* !4 &' x &0 ! m* x )0 !4 m* ! ) hence ) men are required.

Example *:

)0 men can cut '0 trees in : hours. f : men lea<e the Bob 5 ho1 many trees 1ill be cut in &* hours.

Solution:

here 5 )0 x : x 1* ! 3* x &* x '0 !4 1* !/* hence /* trees 1ill be cut.

Example 3:

f &* men and &' boys can do a piece of 1or6 in . days and &3 men and *) boys can do it in ) days5 ho1 long 1ill / men and &0 boys ta6e to do it.

Solution: m& x d& x h& x 1* ! m* x d* x h* x 1& .#&*m " &'b$ ! )#&3m " *)b$ '0m " :0 b ! .*m "('b m ! *b no15 #/m " &0b$ x days ! #&*m " &'b$ x . or #/m " .m$ x days ! '0m " )0m days ! &00%&* ! *.%3 days f t1o <alues are respecti<ely x% and y% more than a third <alue5 then the first is &00 " x &00 " y x &00 of the second Example &:

T1o numbers are respecti<ely *0% and .0% more than a third 5 1hat percentage is the first of the second

Solution:

&*0 &.0 x &00 ! :0% Shortcut &*:

f 2 is x% of @ and 0 is y% of @ then 2 is x y x &00 % of 0 Example &:

T1o numbers are respecti<ely *0% and *.% of a third number5 1hat percentage is the first of the second.

Solution:

*0 *. x &00 ! :0%