Phys 622: Mid-term

Jay Sau November 13, 2013

Problem (1)(20 points) Spin echo and a time-dependent magnetic eld. (a) (5 points) Consider the Hamiltonian for the two level system H = gBx Sx , (1)

where Sx = [|+ | + | +|]. Calculate a complete set of eigenkets and eigenenergies for the Hamiltonian H . (b)( 5 points) Consider the Hamiltonian H0 = gBz Sz , (2)

by dening the states | so that Sz | = | . Calculate the unitary timeevolution operator in the | basis i.e. the coecients u, (t) in the expansion eit0 H0 / =
s=,s =

us,s |s s |.

(3)

(c)(10 points) -pulse: Dene the -pulse as U ( ) = exp(it0 H0 ) where t0 = /2 gBz and the reverse pulse as U ( ) = exp(it0 H0 ). (5) (4)

Consider the time-evolution of the state | (t) in a time-dependent magnetic eld Bx , with a time-dependent Hamiltonian given by H (t) = gBx Sx for 0 < t < t1 = gBz Sz for t1 < t < (t1 + t0 ) = gBx Sx for (t1 + t0 ) < t < (2t1 + t0 ) = gBz Sz for (2t1 + t0 ) < t < (2t1 + 2t0 ). (6) (7) (8) (9)

Calculate the nal state | (2(t1 + t0 )) in terms of | (0). Hint: Use the results of (a) to calculate the time-evolution under Sx in the diagonal basis. One should nd that the time-evolution under Sx is completely cancelled because of the application of the -pulse. 1

Problem (2)(15 points)Coupled Harmonic oscillator. (a)(7 points) Consider a Hamiltonian for a pair of particles with mass m,
2 2 2 p2 K ( x2 1 + p2 1 + x2 ) + k (x1 x2 ) + , (10) 2m 2 where p1,2 are the momenta and x1,2 are the positions of the two particles. Use an appropriate canonical transformation (i.e. a linear transfomation that preserves the commutation relations) of x1,2 and p1,2 to another pair of variables to separate H into a pair of Harmonic oscillator Hamiltonians to show that the eigenstates of H are labelled by a pair of quantum numbers n1,2 0 with energy eigenvalues

H=

E (n1 , n2 ) = (1 (n1 + 1/2) + 2 (n2 + 1/2)),

(11)

where 1,2 are appropriate frequencies. (b)(8 points) Suppose we place the Harmonic oscillator at nite temperature T with a density matrix = eH/kB T /T r[eH/kB T ]. Calculate the correlation x1 x2 = T r[x1 x2 ] as a function of T . In the above note that for any operator A T r [ A] =
n

(12)

(13)

n|A|n ,

(14)

where |n are eigenstates. Problem (3)(15 points)WKB and 1D potential problems. (a)( 5 points) Consider a particle of mass m trapped in a potential V (x) = V0 ((x/L)2p 1) for |x| < L = otherwise,
2

(15)

where p > 0 is an integer. Assuming V0 2mL2 , using the WKB approximation calculate the energy spectrum En for n such that En < V0 in terms of a coecient
1

Cp =
1

dy

1 y 2p .

(16)

Note C1 = /2, C2 = 1.784 etc. (b) (5 points) For p = 1, compare the obtained result to the energy spectrum of a harmonic oscillator. (c) (5 points) For En V0 one can approximate V (x) by V (x) = 0 for |x| < L = otherwise. (17) Calculate the uncertainties x, p for such an energy eigenstate and compare with the expectation from the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. 2