Main Manual

A AL LS S- -E EM MB B- -E EV VA AL L- -0 03 3
ADVANCED ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS

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CHAPTER 1
GENERAL DESCRIPTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The ALS-EMB-EVAL-03 Evaluation Board is a comprehensive aid to
understand the capabilities of an advanced micro controller like 8051
compatible Atmel 89C51ED2.

Features of ATMEL AT89C51ED2
On-chip 64KB flash Program/Data memory.
On-chip 1792 bytes Expanded RAM (XRAM).
On-chip 2048 bytes EEROM.
On-chip SPI interface.
On-chip 16-bit Programmable Counter Array.

Operation at frequency 11.0592MHz.
All the four Ports are terminated at individual four 10pin FRC
headers, to interface various onboard circuits as listed below.
RS232 compatible serial interface for communication and ISP.
Alphanumeric 16x2 LCD display.
Six digit 7-segment display interface.
8 LEDs interfaced using serial shift register.
4X4 Keypad.
8 bit Successive Approximation ADC and temperature sensor
interface.
8 bit DAC interface.
I2C interface to RTC, NVROM
SPI interface to 12bit ADC.
Four level Elevator simulator interface.
On-board stepper motor and DC motor control interface.
Solid State Relay and Buzzer interface.
RF Receiver and RF Transmitter.
IR receiver with remote controller.
8 pin DIP switch interface.
Variable frequency and Pulse Width Modulation generator using dual
timer.
Compare, Capture and PWM demo using on-chip PCA.
RS485 and RS422 interface.
A number of software examples in `C-language to illustrate the
functioning of the interfaces. The software examples are compiled
using an evaluation version of KEIL `C compiler for 8051 and a
monitor program allows debugging of the user programs in Controller
Flash memory.

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1.2 SPECIFICATIONS

The Flash Programmable Embedded Controller Evaluation Board consists of,

The Atmel AT89C51ED2- 8-bit micro controller (U1) with operating frequency of
11.0592MHz with an external crystal and supply voltage of +5V. It has 64K bytes
of flash memory block for program and data and 1792 bytes of XRAM
The four 10 pin FRC connectors CN1 to CN3 connected to Port-0, to Port-3 of the
The on-board interfacing circuits include the study circtuis of the internal features
of the controllers such as PWM, SPI, UART, External Interrupts, compare, capture,
etc
A 9 pin D-type female connector J2 is used for RS232 serial i/o interface for UART
experiments and also for flash programming.
A 9 pin D-type male Connector J1 is meant for power connection (+5V and GND).
A Push button switch SW1 is for Reset and a Slide switch SW2 to select either
program mode or run mode.
A Push button switch SW27 for External Interrupt /INT0 or /INT1.
Eight numbers of LED's (L16 to L23) interfaced through serial shift register
16 switches (SW4 to SW19) organized in 4 rows X 4 columns.
8bit ADC / DAC using I2C device (U14)
NVROM - 24C16 - I2C compatible (U16)
RTC - DS1307 - I2C compatible (U15)
Six numbers of seven segment multiplexed displays (U21 - U26)
One Solid State Relay with contact terminated in connector (CN14)
One ADC (ADC0809) with a Potentiometer to vary analog input & Temperature
Sensor IC LM335 (D14)
Elegant enclosure with Test Points for monitoring (TPs)

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CHAPTER 2
INSTALLATION

2.1 CD Contents : CD basically consists of following folders
- AtmelFlip2.4.2
- KeiluV3_EXE
- Literatures
- Manual
- ScreenShots
- TestProgs KeiluV3

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2.2 Block Diagram:
RS232 CROSS CABLE POWER
CABLE

RS485 CONNECTOR

2.3 Applying Power:
After unpacking the system, if no visual damages are noticed use the following
procedure to apply power.
Connect a 9-pin DSUB Female Connector to a 9-pin DSUB Male connector J1
provided on the Embedded Controller Evaluation Board (ALS-EMB-EVAL-03).The color code
for the supply is

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Pin No Voltages Color Code (Female)
9 VCC(+5V) Orange/White/Blue
4,5 GND Yellow/Black

2.4 System Requirements:

Pentium-class host PC running Microsoft Windows 95/98, NT, 2000, Xp.
Tools like KEIL uVision3 IDE, SDCC and Atmel Flip 2.4.2
One working COM port (Eg: COM1) in the host computer system.
Hyper Terminal

2.5 Serial Communication Operation:

To connect Embedded Evaluation Board (ALS-EMB-EVAL-03) to host computer
system follow the procedure as given below
Connect one end of the 9-pin RS232 cross cable (Female Type) to the com port of
the host computer system and other end (Male Type) to the serial port connector
J2 of the ALS-EMB-EVAL-03 board.
Open the Hyper Terminal & set the host computer system baud rate to 9600, data
length to 8 bit, parity bit to None and stop bits to 1.
Apply power to the board as mentioned in the section 2.3.
RS232 Cable Connection:
ALS-EMB-EVAL-03
Pin No(9 Pin Male
DB)
Host Computer
Pin No (9 Pin Female
DB)
2 (RXD) 3 (RXD)
3 (TXD) 2 (TXD)
5 (Signal GND) 5 (Signal GND)

2.6 Software Installations:

KEIL uV3 IDE Installation
- Go to KeiluV3_EXE folder in the CD and run C51v805.exe file. Click Next.
- Click on the option "I agree to all the terms of........ and then click Next.
- Click Next.
- Type name and the mail id and then click Next button, finally click Finish.

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Atmel Flip Installation
- Go to Atmel2.4.2 folder in the CD and run setup.exe file.
- Give Yes (Software License Agreement)
- Click Next (Welcome)
- Click Next (Information)
- Click Next (Choose Destination Location)
- Click Install, and finally click Finish (Setup Complete) button.

2.6 Hyper Terminal Communication Package:
After download, connect ALS-EMB-EVAL-03 board to a computer, & open Hyper
Terminal of Windows. This allows the user to use computer as a simple display terminal for
ALS-EMB-EVAL-03 and to transfer data between computer and ALS-EMB-EVAL-03. To use
the Hyper Terminal communication follow the below given steps.
- Go to Start menu, select the Programs sub menu, select Accessories -->
Communications --> Hyper Terminal.
- Give the name for Hyper Terminal you want and then press OK.
- The window "Connect To will appear, Select the COM1 in "Connect Using
option.
- In the window "Port Settings set the settings as
Bits Per Sec: 9600
Data bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop bits: 1
Flow control: None
Then Apply --> OK
- Go to "File --> "Save
- Bring the Shortcut icon for Hyper Terminal on the Desktop of your computer.
Note: Better Restart the system for updating installations.

2.7 Tutorial Software
Example softwares to study the features of the ALS-EMB-EVAL-03 board like RTC,
NVROM, 4 channel 8-bit ADC/DAC (I2C), 2-channel 12-bit ADC (SPI), temperature sensor,
serial communication, elevator interface, relay, etc. are provided in the CD-ROM. And also
the data sheets of the related devices interfaced on the board are provided in the CD.

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CHAPTER 3
CONTROLLER SPECIFICATIONS

3.1 AT89C51ED2
Description
The AT89C51ED2 contains a non-volatile 64KB on-chip flash program/data memory
that is both parallel programmable and serial In-system and In-application programmable.
The device supports 6-clock/12-clock mode selection by programming a flash bit
using parallel programming or In-system programming. The instruction set is compatible
with 80C51 instruction set.

Features
80C51 Central Processing Unit
- 64K Bytes On-chip Flash Program/Data Memory
- 256 Bytes Scratch Pad RAM
- On-chip 1792 bytes Expanded RAM (XRAM)

- In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash memory
- 12-clock operation with selectable 6-clock operation (via In-System Programming or via
parallel programmer)
- On-chip 2048 Bytes EEPROM Block for Data Storage - 100K Write Cycle
- Power control modes:
- Clock can be stopped and resumed
- Idle mode
- Power-down mode
- Two speed ranges
- 0 to 20 MHz with 6-clock operation
- 0 to 33 MHz with 12-clock operation
- Dual Data Pointers
- Four interrupt priority levels
- Eight interrupt sources
- Four 8-bit I/O ports
- Watchdog timer
- Full-duplex enhanced UART
- Framing error detection
- Automatic address recognition
- Three 16-bit timers/counters T0, T1 (standard 80C51) and Additional T2 (capture and
compare)
- Serial Peripheral Interface Module (SPI)

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- Programmable Counter Array
- Asynchronous port reset
- Low EMI (inhibit ALE, 6-clock mode)
- Wake-up from Power Down by an external interrupt

Serial I/O port:

The serial port in the AT89C51ED2 is compatible with the serial I/O port in the
80C52. It provides both synchronous and asynchronous communication modes. It operates
as an asynchronous receiver and transmitter (UART) in full duplex modes (modes 1, 2 and
3). Asynchronous transmission and reception can occur simultaneously and at different
baud rates.

Interrupt system:
The AT89C51ED2 has a total of 7 interrupt vectors, two external interrupts (/INT0
and /INT1), three timer interrupts (timer0, 1 and 2), the serial port interrupt, SPI interrupt
and the PCA interrupt.

Interrupt Number Interrupt vector Vector Address
Reset interrupt vector 0000H
0 (EX0)INT0 interrupt vector 0003H
1 Timer0 interrupt vector 000BH
2 (EX1)INT1 interrupt vector 0013H
4 Serial interrupt vector 0023H
6 PCA interrupt vector 0033H
7 Keyboard interrupt vector 003BH
9 SPI interrupt vector 004BH

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Flash Memory: It contains 64KB program memory organized in 512 pages of 128 bytes.
This memory is both parallel and serial In-system programmable.

Features
Last 1KB of the flash is used to store the low level in-system programming routines
and default serial loader.
Boot vector allows user provided FLASH loader code to reside any where in the flash
memory space. This configuration provides flexibility to the user.
Default loader in boot flash allows programming via the serial port without the need of
a user provided loader.
Up to 64KB of external program memory in the internal program memory is disabled
(EA=0)
Programming and erase voltage with standard 5V or 3V VCC supply.
Read/programming/Erase
Byte wise read (without wait state).
Byte or page erase and programming (10ms)
Typical programming time (64KB) in 20s

IN-System Programming (ISP):
The In-system programming (ISP) is performed without removing the micro
controller from the system. The ISP facility consists of a series of internal hardware
resources coupled with internal firmware to facilitate remote programming of AT89C51ED2
through the serial port.
In order to understand how ISP works, it is necessary to know about two special flash
registers; the BOOT VECTOR and STATUS BYTE. At the falling edge of reset, the MCU
examines the contents of the status byte. If the status byte is set to zero, power up
execution start at location 0000h.
When the status byte is set to a value other than zero, the contents of the boot vector
is used as the high byte of the execution address and the low byte is set to 00h. The
default setting is 0FCh, corresponds to the address 0FC00H.
The boot loader can also be executed by holding PSEN low, EA greater than VIH and
ALE high at the falling edge of the reset. This is the same effect as having a non zero
status byte.

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The ISP programming is accomplished by serial boot loader subroutines found in the
BOOTROM. These routines use Intel hex records to receive commands and data from
external sources such as host PC.

After programming the flash, the status byte should be programmed to zero in
order to allow execution of the user's application code beginning at address 0000h.

The ISP feature allows programming of the Flash EPROM through the serial port.
The slide switch SW1 and a pushbutton switch SW2 are provided on the controller board
to make the device enter into ISP mode. Procedure for entering into the ISP mode i.e.
programming the flash is in detail mentioned in the Chapter 5.

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CHAPTER 4
HARDWARE DETAILS
4.1 CONNECTOR DETAILS:
CN1: 9-Pin D-type Male Power connector.
Pin No. Description
1,2,3,6,7,8 No Connection
4 GND
5 GND
9 VCC (+5V)

CN1: 10 pin FRC connected to Port-0 of the controller, which can be connected to on
board compatible interface circuits.
Pin No. Description
1 Port line P0.0
2 Port line P0.1
3 Port line P0.2
4 Port line P0.3
5 Port line P0.4
6 Port line P0.5
7 Port line P0.6
8 Port line P0.7
9 No connection
10 GND

Pin No. Description
1 Port line P1.0
2 Port line P1.1
3 Port line P1.2
4 Port line P1.3
5 Port line P1.4
6 Port line P1.5
7 Port line P1.6
8 Port line P1.7
9 No connection
10 GND

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Pin No. Description
1 Port line P2.0
2 Port line P2.1
3 Port line P2.2
4 Port line P2.3
5 Port line P2.4
6 Port line P2.5
7 Port line P2.6
8 Port line P2.7
9 No connection
10 GND

Pin No. Description
1 Port line P3.0
2 Port line P3.1
3 Port line P3.2
4 Port line P3.3
5 Port line P3.4
6 Port line P3.5
7 Port line P3.6
8 Port line P3.7
9 No connection
10 GND

J2: 9-Pin D-type Female connector connects to the COM port of host PC for Flash
Programming application and transferring the data between controller device and host
computer.
Pin No. Description
1,4,6,7,8,9 NC
2 RX Line
3 TX Line
5 GND

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4.2 ON-BOARD INTERFACES:

4.2.1 Slide Switch (SW2):

The slide switch SW2 is used for programming the flash memory. When this switch is
in PROG mode on the board the pin /PSEN (Pin-32 of U1) goes low forcing the on-chip
boot loader execution. When the switch SW2 is in RUN mode the pin /PSEN is released
high through a resistor and user application will be executed.

4.2.2 Push Button Switch:
SW1: This push button is connected to the RST (pin-10) of the Microcontroller (U1). It is
used to reset the controller device U1.
4.2.3 RS232 Serial Interface:
The board has a RS-232 serial communication port. The RS-232 transmits and
receives signals that appear on the female 9-pin DB female connector J2. Use a standard
RS-232 cross cable to connect the board to the computer's serial port. The controller
device AT89C51ED2 (U1) supplies serial I/O data at TTL levels to the MAX232 device
(U2), which in turn converts the logic value to the appropriate RS-232 voltage level. The
2-way DIP switch SW3 is used to isolate the MAX232 IC from the microcontroller. When
both the buttons of the switch SW3 are towards ON side the MAX232 is connected to the
microcontroller, otherwise it is isolated from the microcontroller.

Connection between Controller & Switch
Controller Pin No. SWITCH SW3
Pin-11 (RXD / P3.0) 1
Pin-13 (TXD / P3.1) 2

Connection between Switch & controller
SWITCH SW3 MAX232 Pin No.
4 Pin-12
3 Pin-11

Connection Details between MAX232 & Connector CN2
MAX232 Pin No. CN2 Pin No.
Pin-13 Pin-2
Pin-12 Pin-3

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4.2.4 LCD Interface:
A 16X2 Alphanumeric LCD Display with back light is provided along with the ALS-
EMB-EVAL-03 board. The LCD interfaced using 4 - bit mode. The connector RM4 details of
LCD are as shown in the table below

Connector Pin
No.
Signal Name Port line
1 GND GND (Ground)
2 VCC (+5V) VCC (+5V)
3 VEE (Preset For LCD Contrast) R9 (10K Potentiometer)
4 RS (Resistor Select) Line P2.7
5 R/W (Read/Write) P2.5
6 EN (LCD Enable) Line P2.6
7 Data D0 No connection
11 Data D4 P2.0
12 Data D5 P2.1
13 Data D6 P2.2
14 Data D7 P2.3
15 VCC (+5V) P2.4 through R11
16 No connection No connection

RS = 0 for sending Command to the LCD
RS = 1 for sending Data to the LCD
R/W = 0 for reading from the LCD
R/W = 1 for writing to the LCD
EN = 0 for disabling the LCD
EN = 1 for enabling the LCD

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4.2.5 Six Multiplexed 7- Segment Displays:
Interface Diagram:
7-SEGMENT DISPLAY
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
CN8
10 PIN FRC
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
CN7
10 PIN FRC
GND
VCC
D
C
B
A
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
8
16
12
13
14
15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
U3
74LS145
R12
10K
/ G
A1
A2
A3
A4
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
VCC
GND
1
2
4
6
8
18
16
14
12
20
10
U4a
74HCT244DW
/ G
A1
A2
A3
A4
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
VCC
GND
19
11
13
15
17
9
7
5
3
20
10
U4b
74HCT244DW
DC4
0.1uF
DC3
0.1uF
R13
330E
R14 330E
R15 330E
R16 330E
R17 330E
R18 330E
R19 330E
R20 330E
E
D
AN
C
DP
G
F
AN
A
B 5
4
3
2
1
6
7
8
9
10
LT543
U22
E
D
AN
C
DP
G
F
AN
A
B 5
4
3
2
1
6
7
8
9
10
LT543
U23
E
D
AN
C
DP
G
F
AN
A
B 5
4
3
2
1
6
7
8
9
10
LT543
U25
E
D
AN
C
DP
G
F
AN
A
B 5
4
3
2
1
6
7
8
9
10
LT543
U26
E
D
AN
C
DP
G
F
AN
A
B 5
4
3
2
1
6
7
8
9
10
LT543
U21
E
D
AN
C
DP
G
F
AN
A
B 5
4
3
2
1
6
7
8
9
10
LT543
U24
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
GND
GND
GND GND
GND GND GND
GND GND
VCC
VCC
VCC VCC
VCC VCC
EN1
EN1 EN1
EN6
EN6 EN6
EN5
EN5 EN5
EN4
EN4 EN4
EN3
EN3 EN3
EN2
EN2 EN2
B B B B B
B
B
G G G G G
G
G
SEG0
SEG0
SEG1
SEG1
SEG2
SEG2
SEG3
SEG3
SEG4
SEG4
SEG5
SEG5
SEG6
SEG6
SEG7
SEG7
A A A A A
A
A C C C C C C
C
D D D D D
D
D
E E E E E
E
E
F F F F F
F
F
DP DP DP DP DP DP
DP

7 SEGMENT DISPLAY
There are six multiplexed 7-segment display units (U21, U22, U23, U24, U25 and
U26) on the board. Each display has 8-inputs SEG-A (Pin-7), SEG-B (Pin-6), SEG-C (Pin-
4), SEG-D (Pin-2), SEG-E (Pin-1), SEG-F (Pin-9), SEG-G (Pin-10) and SEG-H (Pin-5) and
the remaining pins pin-3 & pin-8 are Common Cathode CC. These segments are common
cathode type hence active high devices. The port lines P0.4 to P0.7 are used to select one
of the six digits as shown in the table below. These signals P0.4 to P0.7 are used as inputs
to the 74LS145 (U3) and the output lines of the decoder are used as enable lines for six
7-segment displays. The port lines P1.0 to P1.7 are used as segment lines for the six
digits through the 74HCT244 buffer (U4).
Selection Of seven segment displays:
P0.7 P0.6 P0.5 P0.4 Display unit selected
0 0 0 0 U21
0 0 0 1 U22
0 0 1 0 U23
0 0 1 1 U24
0 1 0 0 U25
0 1 0 1 U26

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4.2.6 LEDs:
Interface Diagram:
/CLR
A
B
QA
QB
QC
QD
QE
QF
QG
QH
VCC
GND
CLK
9
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
10
11
12
13
14
7
U18
74HCT164
R37
10K
R38
10K
3mm RED
L16
3mm RED
L17
3mm RED
L18
3mm RED
L19
3mm RED
L20
3mm RED
L21
3mm RED
L22
3mm RED
L23
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
SIP7
9 PIN 2K2 SIP
DAT3
DAT0
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
GND

shift register
The LEDs L16 to L23 are configured as active low type, i.e. they turn ON to indicate
a logical '0' status. The cathode pins of the LEDs are connected to the 8 output lines of 8-
bit shift register 74HCT164 (U18) as given in the following table and anodes are
connected to +5V VCC through 2K2 resistors SIP7. Port line P1.0 (CLK) is used as clock
input to the 8-bit shift register U18 and P0.3 (A) is used as data line. Toggling the 1.0
from '1' to '0' and back to `1 will transfer the data at Port line P0.3 to the first Q o/p of the
shift register . Subsequent clocks will transfer the new data at the data i/p to the first o/p
while the first o/p is shifted to the second and so on.
Connection Details:
LED No (Cathode) 8-Bit Shift Register (U5) Pin No.
L16 Pin-3
L17 Pin-4
L18 Pin-5
L19 Pin-6
L20 Pin-10
L21 Pin-11
L22 Pin-12
L23 Pin-13

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4.2.7 Keypad (4 Rows X 4 Columns):

The switches SW4 to SW19 are organized as 4 rows X 4 columns matrix. One end of
all the switches are connected to port lines P0.4 - P0.7, which are configured as columns.
The other end of the matrix is connected to the port lines P0.0 - P0.3 which are configured
as rows. The interface diagram for keypad is shown below.

Operation: Initially take one column line to logic HIGH, then check for each row. If first
row is at logic '0' and other rows are at logic '1' then save the read data and compare with
the look-up table. Similarly repeat the procedure for all the columns.
Keypad Interface:
KEYPAD
SCAN
R
E
T
U
R
N
1 2
AJIT
SW4
IN4148
D4
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
CN5
10 PIN FRC
IN4148
D5
IN4148
D6
IN4148
D7
1 2
AJIT
SW8
1 2
AJIT
SW12
1 2
AJIT
SW16
1 2
AJIT
SW5
1 2
AJIT
SW9
1 2
AJIT
SW13
1 2
AJIT
SW17
1 2
AJIT
SW6
1 2
AJIT
SW10
1 2
AJIT
SW14
1 2
AJIT
SW18
1 2
AJIT
SW7
1 2
AJIT
SW11
1 2
AJIT
SW15
1 2
AJIT
SW19
KB4
KB4
NC
KB3
KB3
KB7
KB7
KB2
KB2
KB6
KB6
KB1
KB1 KB5
KB5
GND
KB8
KB8

KEY MATRIX

4.2.8 Temperature Sensor (LM335 U4) & 12-Bit ADC:

The channel-0 of the 8-channel 8-bit ADC device U10(ADC0809) is connected to the
preset voltage (POT R42) varying from 0V to 4.5V. The Channel-1 is connected to the
Relay mate to feed the analog channel externally(Before feeding any channel make sure it
not more than 5V). The temperature sensor device used in this interfacing block is LM335
(D14). The sensor device is connected to the Channel 2 (CH2) of the ADC0809 (U10). The
port lines PX.1, PX.2 & PX.3 are used for Channel selection. The circuit diagram for ADC
interface is as shown in next page.

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Interface Diagram:
ADC
EOC
OE
>CLK
REF-
REF+
IN7
IN6
IN5
IN4
IN3
IN2
IN1
IN0
ALE
START
ADD2
ADD1
ADD0
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
GND VCC
7
9
10
16
12
5
4
3
2
1
28
27
26
22
6
23
24
25
21
20
19
18
8
15
14
17
11 13
U10
ADC0809
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
CN16
10 PIN FRC
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
CN15
10 PIN FRC
4K7
R48
1K
R47
C10
120pF
1K
R44
5
K

A
N
V
I

P
O
T
R42
R43
120E
LM335
D14
1K
R49
5
6
4
U20b
4093BK
12
13
11
U20d
4093BK
1K
R45
2
1
2
1
2WAY ML RELIMATE
RM6
TEST POINT
TP9
B4
B4
B7
B7
B2
B2
B1
B1
B0
B0
A2
A2
A7
A7
A1
A1
A5
A5
A6
A6
A0
A0
A3
A3
A4
A4
ADC0
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC

ADC Interface
4.2.9 High Current Output Lines and Relay Interface:
Any of the 4 ports can be used for High Current applications where a stepper
motor, a Dc motor, a solid state relay & a buzzer are interfaced through the high current
driver ULN2803. These lines will have high current (max 300 mA) with low voltage level of
0.7V.
The Stepper motor can be interfaced to the board by connecting it to the
Powermate PM1. The rotating direction of the stepper motor can be changed.
The DC Motor can also be interfaced to the board by connecting it to the Relay
mate RM9. The direction of the rotation can be changed by changing the position of the
slide switch SW26.
The Solid State Relay consists of a contact which is terminated in Connector CN3.
The same contact is also connected to an LED L26. To use the LED at the contact side of
the Solid State Relay short the Jumpers JP7 & JP8. When the relay is energized, LED
glows. An active HIGH level at port line will turn ON the relay. The user can check the
relay operation by monitoring the contact closure at CN13 /1 & 2 using a multimeter.

The on-board is buzzer will generate sound when the jumper JP6 is shorted.

19 of 44
Interface Diagram:
STEPPER MOTOR
& DC MOTOR
SOLID STATE RELAY
BUZZER
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
CN12
10 PIN FRC
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
5WAY ML RELIMATE
PM1
3.3e/2.5W
R29
R32
22E
5V
BZ1
D12
IN4007
D13
IN4007
D
8
I
N
4
0
0
7
D
9
I
N
4
0
0
7
D
1
0
I
N
4
0
0
7
D
1
1
I
N
4
0
0
7
+ +
- -
1
2
3
4
KSD203DC2
SSR
2
5
1
3
6
4
SPDT SLIDE SWITCH
SW26
DC13
0.1uF
1
2
CN13
2PIN SCREW CONNECTOR
COM
IN8
IN7
IN6
IN5
IN4
IN3
IN2
IN1
OUT8
OUT7
OUT6
OUT5
OUT4
OUT3
OUT2
OUT1
GND 10
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
9
ULN2803
U13
2
1
2
1
2WAY ML RELIMATE
RM5
12
JP6
2WAY JUMPER
12
JP7
2WAY JUMPER
3mm RED
L16
12
JP8
2WAY JUMPER
R31
10K
R30
2K2
MTR7
MTR7
MTR6
MTR6
MTR5
MTR5
MTR4
MTR4
MTR3
MTR3
MTR2
MTR2
MTR1
MTR1
MTR0
MTR0
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
GND GND
GND

Stepper Motor, DC Motor, Solid State Relay & Buzzer

4.2.10 I2C RTC:
The device DS1307 (U15) is an I2C compatible RTC (Real time Clock). I2C protocol is
used for writing to and reading data from the RTC device U15. The port lines PX.1 (SDA)
and PX.2 (SCL) are used for communication with RTC device. The lithium battery BAT1 is
provided to back up the data in the RTC device during power off. The square wave output
from the device U5 is monitored at the RM5 Relay mate pin-1. This square wave can be
given to the interrupt-0 (/INT0) pin of controller using a 2way Relay mate cable (which
has female 2 pin Relay mates on both sides).

Write Operation: Serial data and clock are received through SDA and SCL. After each
byte is received an acknowledge bit is transmitted. START and STOP conditions are
recognized as the beginning and end of a serial transfer. Address recognition is performed
by hardware after reception of the slave address and direction bit (Bit 0 of the Byte). The
address byte is the first byte received after the start condition is generated by the master.
The address byte contains the 7 bit DS1307 address, which is 1101000, followed by the
direction bit (R//W). If this bit is HIGH, it is read, if the bit is LOW, it is write. After
receiving and decoding the address byte the device outputs an acknowledgement on the
SDA line. When the DS1307 acknowledges the slave address write bit, the master
transmits a register address to the DS1307, this will set the register pointer on the
DS1307. The master will begin to transmit each byte of data upon the receiving the
acknowledgement from DS1307 for each byte. The master will generate a stop condition
to terminate the data write.

20 of 44
Interface Diagram:
TO MONITOR RTC
THROUGH /INT0
RTC
VCC
VBAT
>SCL
>X2
>X1
SQW/OUT
SDA
GND
8
3
6
2
1
7
5
4
DS1307
U15
X2
32.768KHz
LITHIUM 3V CR3202
BAT1
100E
R33
R31
10K
2
1
2
1
2WAY ML RELIMATE
RM5
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
CN14
10 PIN FRC
SCL
SCL
SDA
SDA
VCC
VCC
GND
GND
GND

RTC through I2C
Read Operation: The first byte is received and handled as in the slave receiver mode.
However, in this mode, the direction bit (Bit 0 of the byte) will indicate that the transfer
direction is reversed. Serial data is transmitted on SDA by the DS1307 while the serial
clock is input on SCL. START and STOP conditions are recognized as the beginning and
end of a serial transfer. The address byte is the first byte received after the start condition
is generated by the master. The address byte contains the 7-bit DS1307 address, which is
1101000, followed by the direction bit (R/W) which is 1 for a read. After receiving and
decoding the address byte the device inputs an acknowledgement on the SDA line. The
DS1307 then begins to transmit data starting with the register address pointed to by the
register pointer. If the register pointer is not written to before the initiation of a read
mode the first address that is read is the last one stored in the register pointer. The
DS1307 must receive a "not acknowledge to end a read. For more detailed information
please refer the data sheet available in the CD-ROM.

4.2.11 I2C NVROM:
The device 24C16 (U16) is an I2C compatible NVROM (Non Volatile ROM). I2C
protocol is used to write and read the data from the NVROM device U16. The NVROM
device is of the capacity 16KB. The port lines PX.1 (SDA) and PX.2 (SCL) are used for
NVROM device. The NVROM device will retain the data even when the power supply is not
present. The interfacing of 24C16 is as shown in figure below. The concept of the I2C
interface i.e. Write and read operations is same as in the RTC section. For more detailed
information please refer the data sheet available in the CD-ROM.

21 of 44
Interface Diagram:
NVROM
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
CN14
10 PIN FRC
VSS
A2
A1
A0
SDA
SCL
WP
VCC
4
3
2
1
5
6
7
8
24C16
U16
SCL
SCL
SDA
SDA
GND
GND
GND
VCC

NVROM interface with I2C Protocol

4.2.12 I2C ADC/DAC (4 channel 8-Bit ADC, One 8-Bit DAC O/P):
Interface Diagram:
I2C ADC
ADC
i/p
DAC
o/p
VSS
A2
A1
A0
AIN3
AIN2
AIN1
AIN0
SDA
SCL
OSC
EXT
AGND
VREF
AOUT
VDD
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
PCF8591
U14
5K ANVI POT
R39
-
+
2
3
4
8
1
LM358AN
a U19
2K2
R35
4K7
R40
R41
4K7
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
10 PIN FRC
CN14
SCL
SCL
AOUT
SDA
SDA
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
GND
GND
GND
GND GND
GND

ADC interface with I2C
The device PCF8591 (U14) is an I2C compatible 4 channel 8-bit ADC and one
channel DAC output. The four channels are AIN0, AIN1, AIN2 & AIN3 and AOUT is DAC
output. The ADC i/p line AIN0 is connected to the 5K pot R39. The same port lines PX.1
(SDA) and PX.2 (SCL) are used for this device.

Write Operation: Serial data and clock are received through SDA and SCL. After each
byte is received an acknowledge bit is transmitted. START and STOP conditions are
recognized as the beginning and end of a serial transfer. Address recognition is performed
by hardware after reception of the slave address and *direction bit (Bit 0 of the Byte). The
address byte is the first byte received after the start condition is generated by the master.
The address byte contains the 7 bit PCF8591 (U14) address, which is 1001000, followed
by the direction bit (R/W) which is 0 for write operation. After receiving and decoding the

22 of 44
address byte the device outputs an acknowledgement on the SDA line. The master
controller will write control byte (10010000 for AIN0, 10010001 for AIN1, 10010010 for
AIN2 & 10010011 for AIN3) to the I2C device for selection of the channels AIN0 to AIN3.
The master (U1) will then begin transmitting each byte of data with the PCF8591 (U14)
acknowledging each byte received. The master will generate a stop condition to terminate
the data write.

Read Operation: The first byte is received and handled as in the slave receiver mode.
However, in this mode, the direction bit (Bit 0 of the byte) will indicate that the transfer
direction is reversed. Serial data is transmitted on SDA by the PCF8591 while the serial
clock is input on SCL. START and STOP conditions are recognized as the beginning and
end of a serial transfer. The address byte is the first byte received after the start condition
is generated by the master. The address byte contains the 7-bit PCF8591 (U14) address,
which is 1001000, followed by the direction bit (R/W) which, for a read, is a 1. After
receiving and decoding the address byte the device inputs an acknowledgement on the
SDA line. The PCF8591 (U14) then begins to transmit data starting with the device (U14)
address pointed to by the register pointer. The PCF8591 (U14) must receive a "not
acknowledge to end a read.

4.2.13 ELEVATOR:
An elevator presents typical problem to logic designers. A number of situations like
the occurrence of simultaneous requests, the assignment of priorities & the logging of
requests are frequently encountered.

The control & operation of an elevator within a building, having four floors is
simulated by this interface. A key & corresponding RED LED indicator serves as a request
button & request status indicator. A row of LEDs indicate the position of the elevator
within the shaft. The Green LED when lit indicates that the elevator is at a floor. The
servicing of a request can be indicated by clearing the request (turning OFF the request
indicator flip-flop).

A four line to 10 line decoder is used to specify the location of the elevator within
the shaft. When the four inputs to the decoder are sequenced through the binary codes,
corresponding to 0 to 9 with a time interval between transitions, the elevator is seen to
move. Two dual D flip-flops are used to sense requests & output the status. A request is
cleared through the clear inputs of the flip-flops. The elevator starts at the ground floor &

23 of 44
moves up to the top. The requests are sensed each time the lift position is changed. Once
the elevator has moved to the top all the requests are cleared.

Interface Diagram:
ELEVATOR
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
CN11
10 PIN FRC
A
B
C
D
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
VCC
GND
15
14
13
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
16
8
U5
74LS42N
3mm GREEN
L2
/PRE
CLK
D
/CLR
Q
/ Q
VCC
GND
10
11
12
13
9
8
14
11
U8b
74HCT74
/PRE
CLK
D
/CLR
Q
/ Q
VCC
GND
4
3
2
1
5
6
14
11
U8a
74HCT74
3mm RED
L6
/PRE
CLK
D
/CLR
Q
/ Q
VCC
GND
10
11
12
13
9
8
14
11
U7b
74HCT74
/PRE
CLK
D
/CLR
Q
/ Q
VCC
GND
4
3
2
1
5
6
14
11
U7a
74HCT74
R21
10K
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
CN10
10 PIN FRC
3mm YELLOW
L11
3mm RED
L12
3mm RED
L14
3mm RED
L15
3mm GREEN
L5
3mm GREEN
L9
3mm GREEN
L13
1 2
AJIT SMALL
SW24
1 2
AJIT SMALL
SW23
1 2
AJIT SMALL
SW22
1 2
AJIT SMALL
SW21
3mm YELLOW
L10
3mm YELLOW
L8
3mm YELLOW
L7
3mm YELLOW
L4
3mm YELLOW
L3
R25
10K
R24
10K
R26
10K
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
SIP5
9 PIN 2K2 SIP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
SIP6
9 PIN 2K2 SIP
ELEV5
ELEV5
ELEV6
ELEV6
ELEV7
ELEV7
ELEV0
ELEV0
ELEV1
ELEV1
ELEV2
ELEV2
ELEV3
ELEV3 MON3 MON3
MON2
MON2
MON1
MON1
MON0
MON0
ELEV4
ELEV4
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
VCC
PULL6
PULL6
PULL7
PULL7
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND

DEMONSTRATION OF ELEVATOR

4.2.13 RS485/422
The RS485 protocol has differential line transceivers suitable for high speed
bidirectional data communication on multipoint bus transmission lines. It is designed for
balanced data transmission and complies with EIA Standards RS-485 and RS-422. This
block contains a differential line driver and a differential line receiver. The receiver is
always enabled. The transmit driver has got control to enable or disable.
Up to 32 transceivers may be connected simultaneously on a bus(as shown in
figure below), but only one driver should be enabled at any time. It is important,
therefore, that the remaining disabled drivers do not load the bus. Differential data
transmission is used to reliably transmit data at high rates over long distances and

24 of 44
through noisy environments. Differential transmission nullifies the effects of ground shifts
and noise signals that appear as common-mode voltages on the line.

TYPICAL RS485 NETWORK

The RS-422 standard specifies data rates up to 10 MBaud and line lengths up to
4000 ft. A single driver can drive a transmission line with up to 10 receivers. In order to
cater for true multipoint communications, the RS-485 standard was defined. This standard
meets or exceeds all the requirements of RS-422 but also allows for up to 32 drivers and
32 receivers to be connected to a single bus

Interface Diagram:
RS422
AND
RS485
VCC
RE
DE
D
GND
R
B
A
8
2
3
4
5
1
7
6
U11
75176
VCC
RE
DE
D
GND
R
B
A
8
2
3
4
5
1
7
6
U12
75176
4
3
2
1
RM7
4WAY ML RELIMATE
R46
120E
R50
120E
1
2
2PIN JUMPER
JP2
1
2
2PIN JUMPER
JP1
1
6
2
7
3
8
4
9
5
DSUB 9 PIN ST FM
J3
NC
NC
422_RXD
RX+
TXEN
422_TXD TX+
TX-
RX-
VCC
VCC
VCC
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND

4.2.14 RF COMMUNICATION
An ASK based RF transmitter & receivers are interfaced to the controller through
UART (Tx & Rx) lines, which work at 433.92MHz. This interface operates at the frequency
range of 433.92MHz. The communication is established at the baud rate of 2400. Make
sure that both the switches of 2way DIP switch SW3 are in OFF condition. This isolates the
MAX232 IC from the controller. Now connect the Relay mate RM2 to the Relay mate RM3
with a 4way Relay mate cable(which has female Relay mates on both side). Switch ON
both the switches of the SW25 to connect receive line to the receiver and also to provide
supply to both transmitter & receiver.

25 of 44
Interface Diagram:
RF RECEIVER/TRANSMITTER
TLP434A
G
N
D
V
C
C
A
N
T
D
A
T
A
I
N
134 2
RFTX
RF TRANSMITTER
5 6
74HC14D
c U9
9 8
74HC14D
d U9
R27
10K
RLP434A G
N
D
D
I
G
I
_
O
/
P
L
I
N
E
A
R
_
O
/
P
+
5
V
A
N
T
+
5
V
G
N
D
1
G
N
D
1
12348 567
RFRX
RF RECEIVER
11 10
74HC14D
e U9
13 12
74HC14D
f U9
4
3
2
1
RM3
4WAY ML RELIMATE
R28
10K
1 4
2 3
SW25
2WAY DIP S/W
ANTENNA
ANTENNA
RF_RXD
RF_RXD
P3.2
RF_TXD
RF_TXD
VCC
N
C
GND GND
GND
GND

4.2.15 IR SENSOR
The TSOP1730 with operating frequency of 38KHz, is interfaced to the
microcontroller through the port line P3.2. Make the connection between the Relay mate
RM2 & the Relay mate RM3 with a 4way Relay mate cable (which has female Relay mates
on the both sides). Switch ON the second switch of the SW25 to provide the supply to the
sensor.
The TSOP17 is a miniaturized receiver for an infrared signal from a remote control system.
The demodulated output signal from sensor is directly given to the microcontroller. The
internal block diagram of the TSOP17 is as shown below.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF TSOP17

26 of 44

4.2.16 DIP SWITCH
The 8 sliding DIP switch is interfaced to the port. Each switch can be identified
individually by bit operation. The status of the DIP switch can be read from any port &
thus read data is displayed on the LCD screen.

Interface Diagram:
DIP
SWITCH
1 16
2 15
3 14
4 13
5 12
6 11
7 10
8 9
8 PIN DIP SWITCH
SW20
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
9
7
5
3
1
10
8
6
4
2
CN9
10 PIN FRC
NC
GND
GND
SWI0
SWI0 SWI1 SWI1
SWI2 SWI2
SWI3
SWI3
SWI4
SWI4
SWI5
SWI5
SWI6
SWI6
SWI7
SWI7

4.2.17 PWM
The PCA module-2 is configured as PWM. The PWM output will be LOW until
CCAPLn is less than the PCA-timer register CL value (i.e until the match occurs). The PWM
output will become HIGH once the PCA-timer register CL value crosses the CCAPLn value.
It will remain HIGH until next overflow of PCA-timer register CL value occurs. Unlike
compare & capture programs where we check for CCFn flag of particular PCA module-n,
here in PWM we check only for CF flag, because CCFn flags are set only when a match or
capture occurs. The CF flag is set when the PCA counter overflows. The PCA counter is of
16 bit (0xFFFF) & overflows after approximately every 70ms. The period of the PWM wave
is 277uS (8bit 0xFF overflow).

4.2.18 Timer0 as counter
Timer0 is configured as a 16 bit counter, to measure the frequency of the
monostable output of the 556 timer IC. Timer1 is configured as a 50mSec delay generator,
which is used to get a delay of 1Sec by waiting up to 20 occurrences of the timer1
interrupt service routine. After every 1Sec the count is updated. This updated frequency
(in Hz) of the monostable waveform is displayed in the second line of the LCD screen.

27 of 44
4.3 JUMPER DESCRIPTION:

There are 8 jumpers provided on the Controller board, the description and their
significance are given below.
Jumper Significance
JP1
Shorting pin-1&2 will connect the termination resistor between Rx+ & Rx- lines.
Normally keep open.
JP2
Shorting pin-1&2 will connect the termination resistor between Tx+ & Tx- lines.
Normally keep open.
Shorting pin-1&2 will connect the capture input to the external source through RM8
JP3
Shorting pin-2&3 will connect the capture input to the Monostable multivibrator o/p
Shorting pin-1&2 will connect the push button to external interrupt-0 (/INT0).
JP4
Shorting pin-2&3 will connect the push button to external interrupt-1 (/INT1).
Shorting pin-1&2 will connect the o/p of astable multivibrator to Timer-0(T0).
JP5
Shorting pin-2&3 will connect the o/p of astable multivibrator to Timer-1(T1).
JP6 Shorting pin-1&2 will connect the buzzer to the controller through driver.
JP7 Shorting pin-1&2 will connect the LED L26 to Solid State Relay o/p (+) pin.
If kept open, Solid State Relay o/p (+) pin will be connected to CN13-1.
JP8 Shorting pin-1&2 will connect Ground to Solid State Relay o/p (-) pin.
If kept open, Solid State Relay o/p (-) pin will be connected to CN13-2.

4.4 POWER MATE DETAILS:

PM1: 5 Pin Power mate (High Current Output Lines for Stepper Motor)
Pin No. Description
1 OUT1
2 OUT2
3 OUT3
4 OUT4
5 VCC

4.5 RELIAMATE DETAILS:
RM1: 2 Pin Reliamate
Pin No. Description
1 /INT1 (P3.3) of AT89C51ED2 (U1)
2 GND

28 of 44
Pin No. Description
1 RXD (P3.0) of AT89C51ED2 (U1)
2 TXD (P3.1) of AT89C51ED2 (U1)
3 /INT0 (P3.2) of AT89C51ED2 (U1)
4 GND

Pin No. Description
1 Digital o/p of RF Receiver after Buffer (U9 pin-12)
2 Transmit line connected to Buffer (U9 pin-5)
3 Vs (pin-2) of the TSOP1738 IR sensor
4 GND

Pin No. Description
1 Square wave o/p (pin-7) of RTC (U15) DS1307
2 GND

Pin No. Description
1 ADC i/p channel IN0 (pin-27) of ADC0809 (U10)
2 GND

Pin No. Description
1 Receive o/p (pin-1) of 75176 (U11)
2 Driver input (pin-4) of 75176 (U12)
3 Driver enable (pin-3) of 75176 (U12)
4 GND

29 of 44
Pin No. Description
1 Provided to feed an external signal for capture
2 GND

Pin No. Description
1 Connected to DPDT switch SW26 pin-2 for DC motor
2 Connected to DPDT switch SW26 pin-4 for DC motor

4.6 TEST POINT DETAILS:
Test Points Description
GND GROUND
TP5 DAC o/p (pin-15) of PCF8591(U14) after
buffer(U19)
TP6 Capture signal after jumper JP3 selection
TP7 Pulse width Modulation output
TP8 Output (pin-5) of the Astable multivibrator(U6).
TP9 ADC input IN0 (pin-26) of ADC0809 (U10)

30 of 44
CHAPTER 5
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT DETAILS

The demo programs have been developed using evaluation version of Keil
uVision 3 IDE and SDCC (Small Device C Compiler). An In-System Programmer-
Atmel Flip 2.4.2-has to be used for downloading programs which are built using Keil
uVision3 IDE and SDCC. The entire software setup is to be followed before proceeding
further.

Note: It is advised to make backup of the demo programs and other
contents of the CD before using.

5.1 CREATION OF NEW PROJECT IN KEILUV3 IDE:
1. Create a project folder before creating project.
2. Open Keil uVision3 IDE software by double clicking on "Keil uVision 3" icon
3. Goto Project menu select New Project and save it after typing a project name in the
respective project folder. Click Save.
4. Select device for target window will open, click on Atmel to drop down the menu,
then select AT89C51ED2 and press OK. Another window opens asking to add startup
files click No button, to not to add a "Startup.a51 file.
5. Right click on Target1 in Project Window & select "Options for Target 'Target1'.
In 'Target' field select Xtal(Mhz): 11.0592
Check the box Use On-chip ROM (0x0-0xFFFF),
Check the box Use On-chip XRAM (0x0-0x1EFF)
In 'Output' window check the box "Create HEX File
6. Go to File menu, click on New to open an editor window. Create your source file(s)
and use the header file 'at89c51xd2.h' in the source file and save the file(s).
(Color syntax highlighting will be enabled once the file is saved with a recognized
extension such as .c ).
7. Right click on "Source Group 1 and select the option Add Files to Group
'Source Group 1' and add the .c source file(s) to the group.
8. After adding source file(s) go to "Project -> "Translate to compile the file(s).
9. Goto "Project - > "Build Target for building all source files such as .c files, .asm
files, .h files etc. which have been added to the target build. This will create the .HEX
file to be downloaded to the target device.

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5.2 PROGRAM DOWNLOADING:

1. Set the slide switch SW2 to PROG position on the board and press the reset switch
SW1.
2. Open the Atmel Flip 2.4.2 tool by double clicking on "Atmel Flip" icon.
3. Goto "Device option -> "Select, select the specific device "AT89C51ED2 &
press OK.
4. Goto "File -> "Load HEX File, navigate to desired .HEX file of the project.
5. Goto "Settings option -> "Communication -> "RS232, a window will open,
and make sure that no other application is using COM port. Click on COM and
select the proper COM port (Eg:COM1), set the baud rate to 115200 and click on
Connect.
6. In "Operations Flow region, check the options "Erase, "Blank Check,
"Program & "Verify.
7. In right most side of the window select the option BLJB, set the settings BSB, EB,
SBV as 00, FF and FC respectively and select the option "Level 0 in Device SSB
region.

After selecting all the above click on RUN in field "Operations Flow" and wait
until get the status as finished on the status bar. If an error occurs during programming
then press SW2 (reset) button and reprogram the device. After programming set the slide
switch SW1 towards RUN position on the board and Press SW2 (reset) button to execute
the program. If the communication error occurs during the programming then close the
Atmel Flip 2.4.2 remove the RS232 cable and reinsert the cable and once again program
the device. After programming successfully close the Atmel Flip window.

Caution: Do not reset the device during Flash Programming.

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CHAPTER 6
DEMO PROGRAMS ON THE BOARD

6.1 DEMO PROGRAMS IN KEILUV3 IDE

For all the demo programs make sure that the corresponding connectors are connected
and also keep switch sw2 on RUN side & reset the board after every download.

1. SHIFT LED
Project Name: shift_led.Uv2
File Name: shift_led.C
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\shift_led\

SETUP - Connect CN14 to CN2 using 10 core FRC provided.
This project demonstrates the serial shift of a bit, which can be observed from LEDs. All
the LEDs L16 to L26 glow one after its previous LED, when all are lit, each LED turns OFF
one after the other in the same pattern, then a bit moving across the LEDs can be
observed.

The above mentioned connectivity is for the given demo program only. If the user changes
the program contents such as assigning different port to a particular interface circuit, then
the connections should be made as per the change.

2. Keypad 4X4 matrix
Project Name: keypad.Uv2
File Name: keypad.C
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\Keypad\

SETUP - Make connections as per the given table using 10 core FRC.
CN1 (PORT-0) CN5 (KEYPAD)
CN2 (PORT-1) CN8 (7 SEGMENT DISPLAY)
CN3 (PORT-2) CN6 (LCD DISPLAY)
CN4 (PORT-3) CN7 (7 SEGMENT DISPLAY)

The key pressed will display the corresponding Hexadecimal number on the LCD screen as
well as on MSB position of the 7-segment display (U21).

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The above mentioned connectivity is for given demo program only. If the user changes the
program contents such as assigning different port to a particular interface circuit, then the
connections should be made as per the change.

3. Timer0 Testing
Project Name: pulse_counter.Uv2
File Name: pulse_counter.c
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\pulse_counter\

SETUP - Connect CN4 (PORT-3) to CN18 of FREQUENCY & PWM GENERATION block using
10 core FRC provided and also short the pin-1&2 of the jumper JP5. Also connect CN3 to
CN6 of LCD block. Vary the position of the potentiometer R54 to observe the update of the
counts on LCD.

This project configures the Timer-0 into counter mode. The pulses generated by the
Astable multivibrator (U6) are fed to the Timer-0 input of AT89C51ED2 (U1). The number
of pulses is displayed on the LCD screen continuously. Checkout the wave form at the test
point TP8.

The connectivity for this project can not be changed as Timer-0 line of AT89C51ED2 is
terminated in PORT-3 (CN4).

4. Serial (UART) Test
Project Name: UART_9600.Uv2
File Name: UART_9600.C
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\ UART_9600\

In this program serial port can be tested by checking characters loop back in the
Hyper Terminal. Serial initialization has been done in program. Open the hyper terminal
and set the Baud rate to 9600. Type the characters from computer keyboard & observe
them on the console as well as on the second line of the LCD screen. The string "SERIAL
TESTING will be displayed on 1
st
line of the LCD continuously.
Make sure that both the switches of SW3 are in ON position.

5. External Interrupt INT0
Project Name: EXT_INT.Uv2
File Name: EXT_INT.C
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\ EXT_INT\

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SETUP - Make sure that pin-1&2 of the Jumper JP4 are shorted. Connect CN2 to CN17
and similarly CN4 to CN18 using 10 core FRC, also connect CN3 to CN6 for LCD interface.
When the switch SW27 is pressed the external interrupt will occur and LED L24
will toggle. In this routine INT0 pin of the target device AT89C51ED2 is used as external
interrupt. The text message LED TOGGLES UPON EACH EXT INT0 will be displayed on
the LCD screen continuously.
The connectivity for this project can not be changed as External Interrupt-0 line of
AT89C51ED2 is terminated in PORT-3 (CN4).

6. Decimal Counter
Project Name: counter.Uv2
File Name: counter.c
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\Decimal Counter\

SETUP - Make connections CN1 (PORT-0) to CN7 of 7-Segment Display block and
similarly CN2 (PORT-1) to CN8.
When this routine is executed the counting starts from 000000 up to 999999. The
counts are displayed on the 7-segment displays U21 - U26. The counter is configured as
up counter i.e. incrementing numbers are displayed.

7. ALS Standard Elevator Interface
Project Name: elevator.Uv2
File Name: elevator.c
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\Elevator\

SETUP - Make connection from CN1 (PORT-0) to CN11 of Elevator block and similarly CN2
(PORT-1) to CN10.
Press any of the switches SW21 to SW24 to check out the movement of the control.
RED LEDs indicate the request from the floor, GREEN LEDs indicate the current status of
the Elevator and YELLOW LEDs indicate the direction of the movement.

program contents such as assigning different port to the Elevator interface circuit, then the

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8. SPI
Project Name: SPI_ADC.Uv2
File Name: SPI_ADC.C
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\SPI_ADC\

SETUP - Make connections from CN2 (PORT-1) to CN14 connector of I2C & SPI block.
Also connect CN3 (PORT-2) to CN6 connector of LCD block.
This routine can be used to test SPI using the ADC (MCP3202) device present on the
board. When this routine is executed, the ADC result (Hexadecimal value) is displayed on
the first line of the LCD along with calculated analog voltage in the 2
nd
line of the LCD. By
varying the Pot R39, user will get different ADC outputs for varying analog voltages from
0 to 5V.
This connectivity for this project can not be changed as the on-chip SPI peripheral lines of
AT89C51ED2 are terminated in PORT-1 (CN2).

9. Temperature Sensor
Project Name: temp_sensor.Uv2
File Name: temp_sensor.c
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\TempSensor\

SETUP - Make connections from CN2 (PORT-1) to CN15 connector and CN1 (PORT-0) to
CN16 connector ADC block. Also connect CN3 (PORT-2) to CN6 connector of LCD block.

This routine can be used to read the temperature being sensed by the device LM335 (U4)
present on the board. When this routine is executed, the temperature in degree Celsius is
displayed on the LCD with digital output. Provide little heat to the sensor to observe the
temperature variation.

10. ADC
Project Name: ADC_0809.Uv2
File Name: ADC_0809 .c
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\ADC_0809\

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SETUP - Make connections from CN2 (PORT-1) to CN15 connector and CN1 (PORT-0) to
CN16 connector ADC block. Also connect CN3 (PORT-2) to CN6 connector of LCD block.

This routine is used to study the interfacing of the ADC0809 (U10) device present on the
board. Vary the Pot R42 to get the different ADC o/p values. If the user wishes to monitor
his own analog channel, then he can connect the analog signal to the channel-1 of
ADC0809 through Relay mate RM6. Make sure that the analog channel selection in the
program has to be changed from channel-0 to Channel-1.


11. PWM Test
Project Name: pwm_test.Uv2
File Name: pwm_test.c
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\PwmTest\

SETUP - Make connection from CN2 (PORT-1) to Cn17 connector of the FREQUENCY &
PWM GENERATION block.

This program is used to study the varying Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) feature of
the microcontroller peripherals. Watch the LED L24 to observe the PWM operation. And
monitor the varying pulses at the test point TP7. The connectivity for this project can not
be changed as PWM (PCA) lines of AT89C51ED2 are terminated in PORT-1 (CN2).

12. Capture
Project Name: capture.Uv2
File Name: capture.c
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\capture\

SETUP - Make connections from CN2 (PORT-1) to connector Cn17 of the FREQUENCY &
PWM GENERATION block, also short the pins 2&3 of the jumper JP3.

The monostable o/p of the IC 556 (U6) is given to the capture input of the
controller. The positive pulse width of the signal can be captured in this program. The
pulse width of the timer output can be varied by varying the potentiometers R54 & R55
correspondingly you can see the varying width at the LCD screen.

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There is an option to select the external signal to feed to the capture input. Short pin -
1&2 of the jumper JP3 & feed the signal at pin-1 of the Relay mate RM8 with respect to
the ground pin-2 of the same Relay mate RM8.
The connectivity for this project can not be changed as capture (PCA) lines of AT89C51ED2
are terminated in PORT-1 (CN2).

13. Compare
Project Name: compare.Uv2
File Name: compare.C
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\compare\

SETUP - Make connection from CN2 (PORT-1) to Cn17 connector of the FREQUENCY &
PWM GENERATION block. The PCA module-1 is configured as Compare, to get the
compared output at CEX1 (P1.4). The compared output can be observed at LED L25. The
compare o/p toggles for every 40mS
The connectivity for this project can not be changed as compare (PCA) lines of
AT89C51ED2 are terminated in PORT-1 (CN2).

14. RF Communication

SETUP - This demonstration needs two ALS-EMB-EVAL-03 boards. In both the boards
carry on the following procedure after completing the program download.
a) Connect Relay mate RM2 to the Relay mate RM3 of the RF&IR block on the board.
b) After downloading the program, isolate the RS232 block by switching OFF both the
switches of SW3.
c) Switch ON both the switches of SW25 of Transmitter Board to provide power to the
RF & IR block & to connect the transmitter module to Relay mate RM3.
d) At the transmitter board side connect the CN4 (PORT-3) to the connector CN18
(marked as PORT3). Short the pins 1&2 of the jumper JP4 to connect the switch
SW27 to external interrupt /INT0 pin.(Used to change the transmitting data)
e) In the receiver board switch OFF switch-1 of SW25 to disable local transmission.

Project Name: RF_transmit.Uv2
File Name: RF_ transmit.c
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\RF_ transmit\
Download the above program to the board which you want to configure as RF transmitter.
The LCD screen will display the text RF TRANSMISSION continuously on its first line
indicating that board is configured as RF transmitter. The message to be transmitted will

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be displayed at the second line of the LCD screen. At the beginning "U will be transmitted
continuously to establish the connections. Press push button switch SW27 every time you
wish to change the data among the six different text messages. The updated data will be
displayed on the LCD screen.

Project Name: RF_receive.Uv2
File Name: RF_ receive
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\RF_ receive\

Download the above program to the board which you wish to configure as RF receiver. The
LCD screen will display the text RF RECEPTION on its first line indicating that board is
configured as RF receiver. The received data will be displayed at the second line of the
LCD screen.

15. RS422 / RS485
Project Name: RS485.Uv2
File Name: RS485.c
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\RS485\

SETUP - After downloading the above program, make connections as given below.
The demonstration RS422/485 needs to follow the below given procedure,
a) Connect Relay mate RM2 to the Relay mate RM7 of the RS422 or RS485 block on the
board.
b) After program completing the download, isolate the RS232 block by switching OFF both
the switches of SW3.
c) Connect the male connector which has pin-4 is shorted with pin-8 and pin-5 is shorted
with pin-9, to provide the loopback. This arrangement will short the transmit lines to
the receive lines.
d) Connect CN3 to CN6 of LCD block.

The datum (byte) transmitted is displayed on the first line of the LCD screen. The received
data byte is displayed on the second line of the LCD screen. The transmitting data will
change automatically in incrementing order. The data includes alpha-numerals and some
ASCII characters.

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16. RTC

SETUP - Make connections from CN2 (PORT1) to the connector CN14 (marked as PORT1)
of the I2C & SPI block using a 10 core FRC-given along with board. This connects the I2C
device RTC DS1307 to the microcontroller through port lines P1.1 (SDA) and P1.2 (SCL)
for I2C communication. Also connect Relay mate RM1 to Relay mate RM5 of the I2C & SPI
block using a 2-wire Relay mate cable which has both end female Relay mates. This
connection will connect the square wave output of the RTC device to the external interrupt
/INT1 pin of the microcontroller which is used to read the RTC current data.

RTC Write Operation
Project Name:RTC_write.Uv2
File Name: rtc_write .c
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\RTC_write\

To write to the RTC device DS1307 download this program. It will write the
following data
Day: Mon
Time: 03:31:00
Date: 11-May-2009

RTC Read Operation
Project Name: RTC_read.Uv2
File Name: RTC_read.c
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\RTC_read\

When the write operation of the RTC is completed download the above program to
read the RTC data. Open the Hyper Terminal to observe the RTC updates and set the baud
rate to 9600. Run the program and check out the varying time displayed on the console.

17. NVROM Test

Project Name: nvrom_test.Uv2
Project Files: main.c, Ds1307.c, Serial.c, Delay.c, Ds1307.h, Serial.h, Delay.h
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\NVROMTest\

SETUP - Make connections CN2 (PORT1) to the connector CN14 (marked as PORT1) of
the I2C & SPI block using a 10 core FRC-given along with board. This connects the I2C

40 of 44
device NVROM 24C16 to the microcontroller through port lines P1.1 (SDA) and P1.2 (SCL)
for I2C communication
When this routine is executed, it will write the values 00 to FF to NVROM one after
the other and immediately after write operation the data is read from the NVROM one byte
at a time. Open the Hyper Terminal & set the baud rate to 9600 to observe the values 00
to FF.

18. I2C ADC Channel 0 (AIN0)
Project Name: I2C_ADC.Uv2
Project Files : main.c, I2c.c, Serial.c, Delay.c , I2c.h, Serial.h, Delay.h
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\I2C_ADC\

SETUP - Make connections CN2 (PORT1) to the connector CN14 (marked as PORT1) of
the I2C & SPI block using a 10 core FRC-given along with board. This connects the ADC
I2C device PCF8591 to the microcontroller through port lines P1.1 (SDA) and P1.2 (SCL)
for I2C communication
When this routine is executed, the converted digital values for different input analog
voltages from the POT R39 are displayed on the Hyper Terminal.

19. IR Sensor
Project Name: IR_sensor.Uv2
Project Files : IR_sensor.c, LCD_routine.c
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\IR_sensor\

SETUP - After downloading the above mentioned program, connect the Relay mate RM2
to the Relay mate RM3 of the RF&IR block on the board using a Relay mate cable which
has both side 4-way female Relay mates. Switch ON the switch-2 of SW25 to provide
power supply to the IR sensor.
Press 0-9 any key on the remote controller key pad & observe the key pressed on LCD
screen second line. If any other key is pressed or the sensor picks noise, the received data
will be displayed as X (CROSS).

20. DIP Switch
Project Name: DIP_switch.Uv2
Project Files : DIP_switch.c, LCD_routine.c
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\ DIP_switch \

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SETUP - Make connection from CN1 (PORT0) to the connector CN9 of DIP SWITCH block
using a 10 core FRC given. Also connect CN3 (PORT2) to the connector CN6 of LCD
DISPLAY block.
Change the switch positions and observe the corresponding changes in the LCD screen.

21. Solid State Relay Interface
Project Name: SSR.Uv2
Project File: SSR.c
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\SSR\

SETUP - Make connections form CN1 (PORT0) to the connector CN12 of the SSR block
using 10 core FRC. Short the pins 1&2 of both the jumpers JP7 & JP8.

In this routine the relay is switched between HIGH and LOW conditions. The LED L26 will
toggle for every relay switch over. The high output current lines can also be observed in
the CRO through the connector CN13. These current lines will drive the high current
pulling devices. The connector CN13 can be used for user applications to interface any
other device or circuit, but make sure that the LED L26 is isolated by unshorting both the
jumpers JP7 & JP8.

22. Stepper Motor Interface
Project Name: stepper_motor.Uv2
Project File: stepper_motor.c
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\stepper_motor\

using 10 core FRC. Connect the Female Powermate of the stepper motor to the male
Powermate PM1 present on the board in Stepper Motor block. Also connect CN4 (PORT3)
to connector CN18 (marked as PORT3) and short pins 1&2 (marked as /INT0) of the
jumper JP4.

Download & run the above program to observe the rotation of the stepper motor. Press the
switch SW27 to change the motor rotation direction from clockwise to anti-clockwise and
vice-versa.

23. DC Motor Interface
Project Name: DCmotor.Uv2
Project File: DCmotor.c
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\DC motor\

42 of 44

using 10 core FRC. Connect the Female Relay mate of the DC motor to the male Relay
mate RM9 present on the board in DC Motor block.
Download & run the above program to observe the rotation of the DC motor. Change the
position of the switch SW26 to change the DC motor rotation direction from clockwise to
anti-clockwise and vice-versa.

24. BUZZER Interface
Project Name: buzzer.Uv2
Project File: buzzer.c
Path: TestProgs KEILuV3\buzzer\

SETUP - Connect CN1 (PORT0) to the connector CN12 of the SSR block using 10 core
FRC. Short the pins -1&2- of the jumper JP6.
Download & run the above mentioned program to observe the audio output of the buzzer
BZ1.

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CHAPTER 7
TROUBLE SHOOTING

1) SERIAL COMMUNICATION / DOWNLOAD
If serial communication or download could not be established properly then check out
whether the following conditions are met
a) The cable used for communication should be cross cable not 1:1.
b) The two switches of SW3 should be in ON position.
c) The switch SW2 should be in RUN mode when the program is executing & it
should be in PROG mode during download.
d) Make sure no other interface circuit is connected to PORT3 (CN4).
e) Relay mate RM2 is not connected to any other relay mate.
f) IC MAX232 is in good condition.

2) RS485
If RS485 communication could not be established properly then check out the following
conditions,
a) Pin-4 with pin-8 and similarly pin-5 with pin-9 of connector J3 are shorted.
b) There should be a connection between RM2 to RM7.
c) Make sure no other interface circuit is connected to PORT3 (CN4).

3) EXTERNAL INTERRUPT
Check out jumper JP4, whether proper interrupt source is selected also make sure that
CN4 is connected to CN18.

4) RF COMMUNICATION
To establish good RF communication between two boards,
a) Make sure RM2 & RM3 are connected
b) Proper antenna is mounted - transmit antenna for RF transmitter & receive
antenna for RF receiver.
c) Both the switches of SW25 are in ON condition.
d) Make sure no other interface circuit is connected to PORT3 (CN4).

5) IR SENSOR

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For proper IR sensing make sure RM2 & RM3 are connected & Both the switches of SW25
are in ON condition. Switch off FAN or Tube light if it is picking up noise.

QUICK REFERENCE
SUMMARY OF CONNECTIONS

PRO
G No.
PROGRAM NAME
CN1
(PORT0)
CN2
(PORT1)
CN3
(PORT2)
CN4
(PORT3)
RM1 RM2
1 SHIFT LED -- CN14 -- -- -- --
2 4X4 KEY MATRIX CN5 CN8 CN6 CN7 -- --
3 TIMER-0 (PULSE CONTER) -- -- CN6 CN18 -- --
4 UART TEST -- -- CN6 -- -- --
5 EXTERNAL INTERRUPT-0 -- CN17 CN6 CN18 -- --
6 DECIMAL COUNTER CN7 CN8 CN6 -- -- --
7 ELEVATOR CN11 CN10 -- -- -- --
8 SPI (MCP3202 - ADC) -- CN14 CN6 -- -- --
9 TEMPERATURE SENSOR CN16 CN15 CN6 -- -- --
10 ADC (0809) CN16 CN15 CN6 -- -- --
11 PWM -- CN17 CN6 -- -- --
12 CAPTURE -- CN17 CN6 -- -- --
13 COMPARE -- CN17 CN6 -- -- --
14 RF COMMUNICATION -- -- CN6 CN18 -- RM3
15 RS422/RS485 -- -- CN6 -- -- RM7
16 RTC -- CN14 CN6 -- RM5 --
17 NVROM -- CN14 CN6 -- -- --
18 I2C DEVICES -- CN14 CN6 -- -- --
19 IR SENSOR -- -- CN6 -- -- RM3
20 DIP SWITCH CN9 -- CN6 -- -- --
21 SOLID STATE RELAY CN12 -- -- -- -- --
22 STEPPER MOTOR CN12 -- -- -- -- --
23 DC MOTOR CN12 -- -- -- -- --
24 BUZZER CN12 -- -- -- -- --

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A AL LS S- -E EM MB B- -E EV VA AL L- -0 03 3

ADVANCED ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS

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