TECHNICAL PAPER PRESENTATION

ON
BIOMERICS

PRESENTED BY:
P.SUDHEER,
Y07IT105,II B.Tech,
Email :prattipati8@yahoo.co.in,
CELL NO.9989153955

Dept. of I.T.
V.R.SIDDHARTHA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
VIJAYWADA-07

TO

I-FEST’09
GITAM UNIVERSITY,VISAKHAPATNAM.
ABSTRACT: and speed required. Every medium
The term "biometrics" is derived from the
of authentication has its own
Greek words bio (life) and metric (to
advantages and shortcomings. With
measure). Biometrics refers to the automatic
the increased use of computers as
identification of a person based on his/her
vehicles of information technology,
physiological or behavioral characteristics.
it is necessary to restrict
This method of identification is preferred
unauthorized access to or fraudulent
over traditional methods involving
use of sensitive/personal data.
passwords and PIN numbers for its accuracy
Biometric techniques being
and case sensitiveness. A biometric system
potentially able to augment this
is essentially a pattern recognition system
restriction are enjoying a renewed
which makes a personal identification by
interest. This paper describes the
determining the authenticity of a specific
how security provided by biometrics
physiological or behavioral characteristic
and it’s advantages.
possessed by the user. An important issue in
designing a practical system is to determine CONTENTS:
how an individual is identified. Depending
• Introduction
on the context, a biometric system can be
either a verification (authentication) system • Biometrics and it’s working.
or an identification system. Verification • Why it prefer? And step need
involves confirming or denying a person's for biometrics?
claimed identity while in identification, one
• Types of biometrics.
has to establish a person's identity.
• How can they provide
Biometric systems are divided on the basis
security?
of the authentication medium used. They are
• Advantages of biometrics.
broadly divided as identifications of Hand
Geometry, Vein Pattern, Voice Pattern, • Current & future of
DNA, Signature Dynamics, Finger Prints, Biometrics.

Iris Pattern and Face Detection. These • Conclusion

methods are used on the basis of the scope
• References
of the testing medium, the accuracy required
INTRODUCTION:
Biometrics is a sparkling word in the world
of science and technology. Since, after 9/11
biometrics is getting a titanic attention all
over the world by scientist, researchers and
engineers. Now days everywhere in the
world, especially in the western part of the
world, security is given the top priority to
counter the possible treats from terrorists
and hence biometrics and security are the
synonyms. Biometric systems are spreading
rapidly at all security prone areas such as
airports, banks, offices also with
documentation like passport, identity card,
driving license, etc.
In India our security system rely on old
fashioned system adopted by police and
other couple of security agencies like CBI
and RAW. With changed world scenario due
to continual treats from terrorist
organizations, India is also facing many
challenges inluding cross border terrorism,
drug trafficking, ill-legal immigrants from
neighboring countries. Now slowly but
steadily Indian security systems are also
adapting the biometric system.
Biometrics:
Biometrics is the development of statistical
and mathematical methods applicable to
data analysis problems in the biological
sciences.
The term "biometrics" is derived
from the Greek words bio (life) and
metric (to measure). For our use,
biometrics refers to technologies for
measuring and analyzing a person's
physiological or behavioral
characteristics, such as fingerprints,
irises, voice patterns, facial patterns,
and hand measurements, for
identification and verification
purposes.
Working: Biometric devices consist
of a reader or scanning device,
software that converts the gathered
information into digital form, and a
database that stores the biometric
data for comparison with previous
records. When converting the
biometric input, the software
identifies specific points of data as
match points. The match points are
processed using an algorithm into a
value that can be compared with
biometric data in the database.
WHY IS BIOMETRICS
SECURE?
Unique: The various biometrics
systems have been developed around
unique characteristics of
individuals. The probability of 2 people
sharing the same biometric data is virtually
nil.
Cannot be shared: Because a biometric
property is an intrinsic property of an
individual, it is extremely difficult to
duplicate or share (you cannot give a copy
of your face or your hand to someone!).
Cannot be copied: Biometric characteristics
are nearly impossible to forge or spoof,
especially with new technologies ensuring
that the biometric being identified is from a
live person.
Cannot be lost: A biometric property of an
individual can be lost only in case of serious
accident.
Uses Of Biometrics:
Biometrics are used in two major ways:
Identification and Verification.
The biometric recognition process
consists of the following steps:
Capturing of biological characteristics with
sensor (camera, microphone etc.)
Reprocessing of the gathered data to
improve and clean it
Extraction of significant features
Comparison with reference data
TYPES OF BIOMETRICS:
Types of biometrics are realted to the
iris recognition,face
recognition,siganature
checkeing,palm print, finger print
and speech recognition(voice)
HOW CAN THEY PROVIDE
SECURITY?
Mainly the biometrics provide the
security on the basis of
Identification and Verification. Here
Now we have to see the various
biometric how devices protected.
FIRST INTRODUCTION:
Bertillonage, the first type of
biometrics came into form in 1890,
created by an anthropologist named
Alphonse Bertillon. He based his
system on the claim that
measurement of adult bones does not
change after the age of 20. The
method consisted of identifying
people by taking various body
measurements like a person’s height,
arm length, length and breadth of the
head, the length of different fingers,
the length of forearms, etc. using
calipers. However, the methodology
was unreliable as no measurements
allowed multiple people to have
same results, decreasing the accuracy
and hence is no longer used.in-
unique.
IRIS RECOGNITION:
Why veriEye?
Neurotechnology began research and
development in the field of eye irirs
biometrics in 1994.in 2008
NeuroTechnology released a PC-baser iris
recognition algorithom,VeriEye 2.0,that is
designed for biometrical System integrators.
Algorithom Features:
Reliability,Speed,Uniqueness,Robustness
Simple multi-biometric system integration.
Flexible licensing and pricing.
ALGORITHOM:
The VeriEye 2.0 iris recognition algorithm
implements advanced iris segmentation,
enrollment and matching using robust digital
image processing algorithms:
• Iris boundaries are not modeled by
perfect circles. VeriEye uses active
shape models that more precisely
model the contours of the eye,
resulting in correct iris
segmentation when perfect
circles fail.
• Correct segmentation is achieved
even when the centers of the iris
inner and outer boundaries are
different (see Figure 1). The iris
inner boundary and its center are
marked in red, the iris outer
boundary and its center are
marked in green.
Correct segmentation when iris
boundaries are definitely not circles
and even not ellipses (see Figure 2)
and especially in gazing-away iris
images.
FIG.NO.1 FIG.NO.2
Even when iris boundaries seem to
be perfect circles, recognition quality
can still be improved if boundaries
are found more precisely (see Figure
3). Note these slight imperfections
when compared to perfect circular
white contours.
• Automatic interlacing
detection and correction
results in maximum quality
of iris features templates
from moving iris images.
• Elimination of lighting
reflections, eyelids and
eyelashes obstructions.
• Detection and correction of
gazing-away iris images
(see Figure 4). A gazing-
away eye is correctly
segmented and transformed
 as if it were looking directly into the
camera.
• Configurable matching speed varies
from 50,000 to 150,000 comparisons
per second. The highest speed still
preserves nearly the same
recognition quality (see Figure
5).
FIG.NO.3 FIGURE NO.4
FIG.NO.5
Face recognition:
performance. Template generation is
the result of the feature extraction
process. A As a biometric, facial is a
form of computer vision that uses
faces to attempt to identify a person
or verify a person’s claimed identity.
Regardless of specific method used,
facial recognition is accomplished in
a five step process.
1. First, an image of the face is
acquired. This acquisition can be
accomplished by digitally scanning
an existing photograph or by using
an electro-optical camera to acquire
a live picture of a subject. As video
is a rapid sequence of individual still

Five Steps to Facial Recognition images, it can also be used as a

1. Capture image source of facial images.
2. Find face in image 2. Second, software is employed to
3. Extract features
detect the location of any faces in the
4. Compare templates
5. Declare matches acquired image. This task is difficult,
and often generalized patterns of
what a face “looks like” (two eyes
and a mouth set in an oval shape) are
employed to pick out the faces.
3. Once the facial detection software
has targeted a face, it can be
analyzed. As noted in slide three,
facial recognition analyzes the patial
geometry of distinguishing features
of the face. Different vendors use
different methods to extract the
identifying features of a face. Thus, specific
details on the methods are proprietary. The
most popular method is called Principle
Components Analysis (PCA), which is
ommonly referred to as the eigenface
method. PCA has also been combined with
neural networks and local feature analysis in
efforts to enhance its template is a reduced
set of data that represents the unique
features of an enrollee’s face. It is important
tonote that because thefeatures, they do not
use hairstyle, facial hair, or other similar
factors.
4. The fourth step is to compare the template
generated in step three with thosein a
database of known faces. In an identification
application, this process yields scores that
indicate how losely the generated template
matches each of those in the database. In a
verification application, the generated
template
is only compared with one template in the
database – that of the claimed identity.
5. The final step is determining whether any
scores produced in step four are high enough
to declare a match. The rules governing the
declaration of a match are often configurable
by the end user, so that he or she can
determine how the facial recognition system
should behave based on security and
operational onsiderations.
Technical Difficulties in face recogitoin:
Machines also experience difficulties when
they perform facial recognition in a
surveillance or watch post
scenario.facial recognition processes
with relatively high fidelity and at
long distances remains technically
challenging for automated systems.
At the most basic level, detecting
whether a face ispresent in a given
electronic photograph is a difficult
technical problem.
Signature:
There exist a number of
biometrics methods today e.g.
Signatures, Fingerprints, Iris etc.
There is considerable interest in
authentication based on handwritten
signature verification system as it is
the cheapest way to authenticate the
person. Signatures are a special case
of handwriting in which special
characters and flourishes are viable.
Signature Verification is a difficult
pattern recognition problem as
because no two genuine signatures of
a person are precisely the same. Its
difficulty also stems from the fact
that skilled forgeries follow the
genuine pattern unlike fingerprints or
irises where fingerprints or irises
from two different persons vary
widely. This kind of electronic
signature - also known as a "dynamic
signature" or a"biometric signature".
1 systems. VeriFinger Matching Server
Palm print:
In the field of biometrics, palmprint is
a novel but promising technology. Limited
work has been reported on palmprint
identification and verification, despite the
importance of palmprint features. There are
many unique features in a palmprint image
that can be used for personal identification.
Principal lines, wrinkles, ridges, minutiae
points, singular points, and texture are
regarded as useful features for palmprint
representation.The system functions by
projecting palmprint images onto a feature
space that spans the significant variations
among known images. The significant
features are known as "eigenpalms" because
they are the eigenvectors (principal
components) of the set of palmprints.
Finger print:
VeriFinger Matching Server is a
ready-to-use software that performs
the identification and verification of
fingerprints on the server side. The
server is intended to be used in web-
based and other network-based
runs on PCs with Microsoft
Windows or Linux and includes
these additional components: Server
administration tool for monitoring
servers state, managing log and other
server administration tasks;
Support modules for MySQL and
Oracle databases.
2 Sample client applications:
C# tutorials (for
Microsoft Windows);
3 C sample (for Linux);
4 Sample Java applet.
Speech:
5 Speech recognition
technology is used more and
more for telephone
applications like travel
booking and information,
financial account
information, customer service
call routing, and directory
assistance. Using constrained
grammar recognition, such
applications can achieve remarkably
high accuracy.
ADVANTAGES:
* Increase security - Provide a
convenient and low-cost additional
tier of security.
* Reduce fraud by employing hard-
to-forge technologies and materials.
For e.g.Minimise the opportunity for
ID fraud, buddy punching.
* Eliminate problems caused by lost
IDs or forgotten passwords by using
physiological attributes. For e.g.
Prevent unauthorised use of lost,
stolen or "borrowed" ID cards.
* Reduce password administration
costs.
* Replace hard-to-remember
passwords which may be shared or
observed.
* Integrate a wide range of
biometric solutions and technologies,
customer applications and databases
into a robust and scalable control
solution for facility and network
access
Current &Future of
Biometric:
Today...
While the most common use of iris
recogni-tion to date is physical
access control in pri-vate enterprise
and government, the versatil-ity of
the technology will lead to its
growing use in large sectors of the
economy such as transportation,
healthcare, and national iden-
tification programs. Although
security is clearly a prime concern,
iris recognition is also being adopted
for productivity-enhancing
applications like time and atten-
dance.
Tomorrow...
Enterprise and government both
acknowl-edge the convergence of
physical and infor-mation security
environments, but there are new

* Make it possible, automatically, to security challenges on the horizon -

know WHO did WHAT, WHERE just-in-time inventory control,
and WHEN!
sophisticated supply chain
* Offer significant cost savings or management, and even a phe-
increasing ROI in areas such as Loss
Prevention or Time & Attendance. nomenon called "coopetition"-in
which companies that compete in
Unequivocally link an individual to
a transaction or event. some areas, coo-perate in others.
WIRELESS:

Wireless biometrics will offer biometric

authentication services to wireless and
Internet service providers. The technology
will allow customers of wireless services
and products to authenticate their identities
when conducting electronic transactions.

With the advent of wireless biometrics,

Biometrics systems are coming of age with
the combination of technologies that create
new application options. The combination of
fingerprint recognition and wireless
communication allows new areas of
biometrics integration.

CONCLUSION:

Biometrics is a technology that is rapidly

becoming a useful security, cost-savings,
and convenience tool for the Federal
Government. Although the Federal
Government is using the tech-nology for
many applications now, fur-ther
development and assessment is required to
improve the technology’s utility.

REFERENCES:
http://www.biometricssecurity.com
http://www.LGirisrecognition.com
http://www.biometricswikepedia.com
http://www.advancesurcecode.com/
http://www.centerforbiometrics.com