McCance: Pathophysiology, 6th Edition

Chapter 01: Cellular Biology Test Bank TRUE !"#$E 1. Eukaryotic cells are characterized by a lack of a distinct nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells have intracellular compartments bordered by membranes and a well-defined nucleus. ANS ! Eukaryotic cells have a characteristic set of membrane-bound intracellular compartments called organelles that includes a well-defined nucleus. Prokaryotes contain no or"anelles, and their nuclear material is not encased by a nuclear membrane. #rokaryotic cells are characterized by lack of a distinct nucleus. $E! p. %

%. &he primary functions of the cell nucleus are cell division and control of "enetic information. ANS & &he primary functions of the nucleus are cell division and control of "enetic information. $E! p. %

'. &he chief function of ribosomes is to provide sites for lipid synthesis. ANS ! &heir chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. $E! p. (

). *ysosomes remain fully active by maintainin" an acid p+ created by pumpin" hydro"en ions into their interiors. ANS & *ysosomes remain fully active by maintainin" a low internal p+. &hey do this by pumpin" hydro"en ions into their interiors. $E! p. (

(. *ipids and proteins are the ma,or components of the plasma membrane. ANS &
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&he ma,or chemical components of all membranes are lipids and proteins, but the percenta"e of each varies amon" different membranes. $E! p. 11

0. 1f cells are deprived of communication from e3tracellular chemical messen"ers, most cells e3perience apoptosis. ANS & 1f deprived of appropriate si"nals, most cells under"o a form of cell suicide known as programmed cell death, or apoptosis. $E! p. 14

5. &he function of adenosine triphosphate 6A&#7 is to store ener"y in molecules of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, but not to transfer ener"y from one molecule to another. ANS ! &he function of A&# is not only to store ener"y but also to transfer it from one molecule to another. $E! p. %'

8. 9iffusion is an e3ample of active transport. ANS ! &his process, called passi%e transport, occurs naturally throu"h any semipermeable barrier. 1t is driven by osmosis, hydrostatic pressure, and diffusion, all of which depend on the laws of physics and do not re:uire life. $E! p. %(

4. #ha"ocytosis is an e3ample of e3ocytosis. ANS ! &wo types of endocytosis are desi"nated based on the size of the vesicle formed. Pinocytosis 6cell drinkin"7 involves the in"estion of fluids and solute molecules throu"h formation of small vesicles, and phagocytosis 6cell eatin"7 involves the in"estion of lar"e particles, such as bacteria, throu"h formation of lar"e vesicles 6also called vacuoles7. $E! p. '1

1/. All body cells are electrically polarized, with the inside of the cell bein" more ne"atively char"ed than the outside.

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ANS & All body cells are electrically polarized, with the inside of the cell more ne"atively char"ed than the outside. $E! p. '%

MU#T&P#E C'(&CE 1. a . b . c . d . ;hich of the followin" best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption< =ells can produce proteins. =ells can secrete di"estive enzymes. =ells can take in and use nutrients. =ells can synthesize fats.

ANS = 1n metabolic absorption all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surroundin"s. $E! %. a . b . c . d . p. %

-ost of a cell>s "enetic information, includin" $NA and 9NA, is contained in the mitochondria. ribosome. nucleolus. lysosome

ANS = &he nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed lar"ely of $NA? most of the cellular 9NA? and the 9NA-bindin" proteins, the histones, that re"ulate its activity. $E! p. %

'. ;hich component of the cell produces hydro"en pero3ide 6+%@%7 by usin" o3y"en to remove hydro"en atoms from specific substrates in an o3idative reaction< a *ysosomes . b #ero3isome .

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&est 2ank c $ibosomes . d @3yhydrosomes .

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ANS 2 #ero3isomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use o3y"en to remove hydro"en atoms from specific substrates in an o3idative reaction that produces +%@%. +ydro"en pero3ide is a powerful o3idant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from pero3isomes. $E! p. 5

). ;hich cell component is capable of cellular autodi"estion when it is released durin" cell in,ury< a $ibosome . b Aol"i comple3 . c Smooth endoplasmic reticulum . d *ysosomes . ANS 9 &he lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful di"estive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventin" their leaka"e into the cytoplasmic matri3. 9isruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular in,ury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causin" cellular selfdigestion. $E! p. (

(. ;hat is the se:uence of steps in the development of a di"estive enzyme by the pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell< a &he enzyme is transcribed from 9NA by $NA in the nucleus, proceeds to the . ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. b &he enzyme is transcribed from $NA by 9NA in the nucleus, proceeds to the . lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell membrane. c &he enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the . ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane. d &he enzyme is transcribed from 9NA by $NA in the nucleus, proceeds to the . Aol"i comple3 for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell

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ANS A &he enzyme is transcribed from 9NA by $NA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. $E! 0. a . b . c . d . pp. 0-8? !i"ure 1-(

;hat are the ma,or chemical components of the cell membranes< *ipids and proteins Sodium and potassium ions =arbohydrates and water 9NA and $NA

ANS A &he ma,or chemical components of all cell membranes are lipids and proteins, but the percenta"e of each varies amon" different membranes. $E! p. 11

5. ;hat or"anic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by actin" as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps< a *ipids . b #roteolytic cascade . c #roteins . d =arbohydrates . ANS = #roteins act as 617 reco"nition and bindin" units 6receptors7 for substances movin" in and out of the cell? 6%7 pores or transport channels for various electrically char"ed particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides? 6'7 specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote concentration of certain ions, particularly potassium 6BC 7, within the cell while keepin" concentrations of other ions, for e3ample, sodium 6NaC 7, below concentrations found in the e3tracellular environment? $E! p. 1%

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&est 2ank 8. Dnderstandin" the various steps of proteolytic cascades such as caspase-mediated apoptosis and complement cascade may be useful in desi"nin" dru" therapy for which human diseases< a =ardiac and vascular disorders . b Autoimmune and mali"nant disorders . c Aastrointestinal and renal disorders . d Endocrine disorders .

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ANS 2 Dnderstandin" the various steps involved is crucial for desi"nin" dru" interventions. 9ysre"ulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases, includin" cancer, autoimmunity, and neurode"enerative disorders. $E! 4. a . b . c . d . p. 1'

;hat prevents water-soluble molecules from enterin" cells across the plasma membrane< =arbohydrate chains Alycoprotein channels -embrane channel proteins #hospholipid bilayer

ANS 9 &he bilayer>s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membraneE it is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules 6molecules that dissolve in water7 because they are insoluble in the oily core re"ion. &he bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowin" lipid-soluble molecules, such as @% and =@%, to diffuse throu"h it readily. $E! pp. 11, 1)? !i"ure 1-1'

1/. &he fluid mosaic model e3plains a how a cell membrane functions. . b why our bodies appear to be solid. . c how tissue is differentiated. . d how fluid moves between the intracellular and e3tracellular compartments.

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ANS A &he fluid mosaic model accounts for the fle3ibility of cellular membranes, their self-sealin" properties, and their impermeability to many substances. $E! p. 1'

11. Dsin" the fluid mosaic model, a cell is actively capable of protectin" itself a"ainst in,urious a"ents by a closin" down the membrane transport channels to hormones and chemicals. . b alterin" the number and patterns of receptors to bacteria, antibodies, and . chemicals. c increasin" the number and sensitivity of lysosomes to destroy bacteria. . d shiftin" the bilayer from hydrophobic to hydrophilic in response to antibodies. . ANS 2 +ormones, bacteria, viruses, dru"s, antibodies, chemicals that transmit nerve impulses 6neurotransmitters7, and other substances attach to the plasma membrane by means of receptor molecules on its outer layer. &he number of receptors present may vary at different times, and the cell is capable of modulatin" the effects of in,urious a"ents by alterin" receptor number and pattern. &his aspect of the fluid mosaic model has drastically modified previously held concepts concernin" the onset of disease. $E! p. 1' 1%. 1n cirrhosis, how does cholesterol alter the fluidity of the plasma membrane of erythrocytes< a =holesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which . reduces its ability to carry o3y"en. b =holesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which reduces . its ability to carry hemo"lobin. c =holesterol increases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which allows . bindin" of e3cess "lucose. d =holesterol increases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which prolon"s . it life span beyond 1%/ days. ANS A &he concentration of cholesterol in the plasma membrane affects membrane fluidity. 1n cirrhosis of the liver, for e3ample, the cholesterol content of the red blood cell>s plasma membrane increases. &his causes an overall decrease in membrane fluidity that seriously affects the cell>s ability to transport o3y"en. $E! p. 1'

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1'. ;hich form of cell communication is used to communicate within the cell itself and with other cells in direct physical contact< a #rotein channel 6"ap ,unction7 . b #lasma membrane-bound si"nalin" molecules 6involvin" receptors7 . c +ormone secretion such as neurotransmitters . d E3tracellular chemical messen"ers such as li"ands . ANS 2 =ells communicate in three ways 617 they form protein channels 6"ap ,unctions7 that directly coordinate the activities of ad,acent cells? 6%7 they display plasma membraneFbound si"nalin" molecules 6receptors7 that affect the cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact? and 6'7 6the most common means7 they secrete chemicals that si"nal to cells some distance away 6!i"ure 1-107. $E! p. 18

1). ;hich mode of chemical si"nalin" uses blood to transport communication to cells some distance away< a #aracrine si"nalin" . b Autocrine si"nalin" . c Neurotransmitter si"nalin" . d +ormone si"nalin" . ANS 9 'or)onal signaling involves specialized endocrine cells that secrete hormone chemicals 6e."., thyroid-stimulatin" hormone7 released by one set of cells and travel throu"h the tissue and throu"h the bloodstream to produce a response in other sets of cells 6see =hapter %/7. $E! p. 18

1(. ;hich mode of chemical si"nalin" uses local chemical mediators that are :uickly taken up, destroyed or immobilized< a #aracrine si"nalin" . b Autocrine si"nalin" . c Neurotransmitter si"nalin"

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&est 2ank . d +ormone si"nalin" . ANS A 1n paracrine signaling, cells secrete local chemical mediators that are :uickly taken up, destroyed, or immobilized. $E! p. 18

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10. Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by bindin" to a lipids. . b ribosomes. . c amphipathic lipids. . d receptors. . ANS 9 1n each type of chemical si"nalin", the tar"et cell receives the si"nal by first attachin" to its receptors. $E! p. 18

15. +ow do cells receive communication from the e3tracellular fluid surroundin" them< a #rotein channel 6"ap ,unction7 . b #lasma membraneFbound si"nalin" molecules 6involvin" receptors7 . c +ormone secretion such as neurotransmitters . d =hemical messen"ers such as li"ands . ANS 9 =hannel openin" and closin" can be initiated in one of three ways 617 by bindin" a li"and to a specific membrane receptor that is closely associated with the channel 6for e3ample, A proteins7? 6%7 by chan"es in electric current in the plasma membrane, alterin" flow of NaC and BC? and 6'7 by stretchin" or other chemical deformation of the channel. !i"ure 1-14 summarizes ways by which e3tracellular messen"ers re"ulate channel function for the other two methods of controllin" channels. $E! pp. %/, %8

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18. ;hen a second messa"e is necessary for e3tracellular communication to be activated, it is provided by a "uanosine triphosphate 6A&#7. . b adenosine monophosphate 6A-#7. . c adenosine triphosphate 6A&#7. . d "uanosine diphosphate 6A9#7. . ANS 2 &he two ma,or second messen"er pathways are cyclic adenosine )onophosphate *cyclic "MP, c"MP+ and =aCC. $E! p. %/

14. Dnder anaerobic conditions, the process of GGGGGGGGGGGGGG provides ener"y for the cell. a o3idative phosphorylation . b "lycolysis . c lactolysis . d passive transport . ANS 2 Alycolysis produces a net of two molecules of A&# per "lucose molecule throu"h the process of o,idation, or the removal and transfer of a pair of electrons. $E! p. %'

%/. ;hat is the mechanism by which the ener"y produced from carbohydrates, proteins and lipids is transferred to adenosine triphosphate 6A&#7< a Anaerobic "lycolysis . b @3idative cellular metabolism . c @3idative phosphorylation . d &ricarbo3ylic acid phosphorylation . ANS =

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(,idati%e phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria and is the mechanism by which the ener"y produced from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is transferred to A&#. $E! p. %)

%1. +ow is passive transport described< a 1t is driven by osmosis, filtration, and diffusion. . b 1t involves receptors that can bind with substances bein" transported. . c 1t is capable of transportin" macromolecules. . d 1t re:uires ener"y "enerated by the cell. . ANS A ;ater and small electrically unchar"ed molecules move easily throu"h pores in the plasma membrane>s lipid bilayer. &his process, called passi%e transport, occurs naturally throu"h any semipermeable barrier. 1t is driven by osmosis, hydrostatic pressure, and diffusion, all of which depend on the laws of physics and do not re:uire life. $E! p. %(

%%. Active transport occurs across membranes that a have a hi"her concentration of the solute on the outside of the cell. . b are semipermeable to water and small electrically unchar"ed molecules. . c have receptors that are capable of bindin" with the substances to be . transported. d have a cell membrane that is hydrophobic rather than hydrophilic. . ANS = @ther molecules cannot be driven across the plasma membrane solely by forces of diffusion, hydrostatic pressure, or osmosis because they are too lar"e or are li"ands that have bound with receptors on the cell>s plasma membrane. $E! p. %(

%'. ;hat is the name of the method of transport that uses transmembrane proteins with receptors that have a hi"h de"ree of specificity for the substance bein" transported< a Active transport . b -ediated transport .

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&est 2ank c &ransmembranous transport . d #assive transport .

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ANS 2 Mediated transport 6passive and active7 involves inte"ral or transmembrane proteins with receptors havin" a hi"h de"ree of specificity for the substance bein" transported. 1nor"anic anions and cations 6e."., NaC, BC, =aCC, =l-, +=@'F7 and char"ed and unchar"ed or"anic compounds 6e."., amino acids, su"ars7 re:uire specific transport systems to facilitate movement throu"h different cellular membranes. $E! p. %8

%). &he movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surroundin" the capillary is an e3ample of which process of fluid movement< a +ydrostatic pressure . b @smosis . c 9iffusion . d Active transport . ANS A 'ydrostatic pressure is the mechanical force of water pushin" a"ainst cellular membranes. 1n the vascular system, hydrostatic pressure is the blood pressure "enerated in vessels by the contraction of the heart. 2lood reachin" the capillary bed has a hydrostatic pressure of %( to '/ mm+", which is sufficient force to push water across the thin capillary membranes into the interstitial space. $E! pp. %0-%5

%(. ;hy is HosmolalityI preferred over HosmolarityI as the measurement of osmotic activity in the clinical assessment of individuals< a 2ecause plasma contains sodium and chloride, which influence the volume of . solution b 2ecause the volume affects perfusion more than the wei"ht of solutes . c 2ecause more of the wei"ht of plasma is influenced by solutes, such as . protein and "lucose, rather than by water d 2ecause osmotic activity depends on the concentration of solutes present in . plasma, such as proteins and "lucose ANS =

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1n plasma, less of the plasma wei"ht is water and the overall concentration of particles is therefore "reater. &he osmolality will be "reater than the osmolarity because of the smaller proportion of water. @smolality is thus the preferred measure of osmotic activity in clinical assessment of individuals. $E! p. %5

%0. A patient who has diarrhea receives a 'J saline solution intravenously to replace the sodium and chloride lost in the stool. ;hat effect will this fluid replacement have on cells< a =ells will become hydrated. . b =ells will swell or burst. . c =ells will shrink. . d =ells will divide. . ANS = A hypertonic solution has a concentration of more than %8( to %4) m@smKk". An e3ample of a hypertonic solution is 'J saline solution. ;ater can be pulled out of the cells by a hypertonic solution, so the cells shrink. $E! p. %8

%5. +ow is the transport of "lucose from the blood to the cell accomplished< a 2y active-mediated transport 6active transport7 . b 2y active diffusion . c 2y passive osmosis . d 2y passive-mediated transport 6facilitated diffusion7 . ANS 9 #erhaps the most widely referred to passive transport system is that for "lucose in erythrocytes 6red blood cells7. $E! p. %4

%8. +ow are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes< a 2y passive electrolyte channels . b 2y coupled channels

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&est 2ank . c 2y adenosine triphosphate enzyme 6A&#ase7 . d 2y diffusion .

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ANS = &he e3act mechanism for transport of NaC and BC across the membrane is uncertain. @ne proposal is that A&#ase induces the transporter protein to under"o several conformational chan"es, causin" NaC and BC to move short distances 6!i"ure 1-%47. $E! p. '/

%4. ;hat occurs durin" e3ocytosis< a -acromolecules can be secreted across eukaryotic cell membranes. . b All substances are secreted into the cellular matri3. . c No repairs in the plasma membrane can take place. . d Solute molecules flow freely into and out of the cell. . ANS A 1n eukaryotic cells, secretion of macromolecules almost always occurs by e3ocytosis 6!i"ure 1-'/, B7. $E! p. '1

'/. ;hy is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells< a 2ecause potassium has a "reater concentration in the intracellular fluid 61=!7 . b 2ecause sodium has a "reater concentration in the e3tracellular fluid 6E=!7 . c 2ecause the restin" plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium . d 2ecause there is an e3cess of anions inside the cell . ANS = 2ecause the restin" plasma membrane is more permeable to BC than to NaC, BC can diffuse easily from its area of hi"her concentration in the 1=! to its area of lower concentration in the E=!. 2ecause NaC and BC are both cations, the net result is an e3cess of anions inside the cell, resultin" in the restin" membrane potential. $E! p. '%

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'1. &he cellular uptake of cholesterol depends on a receptor-mediated e3ocytosis. . b antiport system. . c receptor-mediated endocytosis. . d passive transport. . ANS = &he cellular uptake of cholesterol, for e3ample, depends on receptor-mediated endocytosis. $E! p. '1

'%. ;hat causes the rapid chan"e in the restin" membrane potential that initiates an action potential< a #otassium "ates open and potassium rushes into the cell, chan"in" the . membrane potential from ne"ative to positive. b Sodium "ates open and sodium rushes into the cell, chan"in" the membrane . potential from ne"ative to positive. c Sodium "ates close allowin" potassium into the cell to chan"e the membrane . potential from positive to ne"ative. d #otassium "ates close allowin" sodium into the cell to chan"e the membrane . potential from positive to ne"ative. ANS 2 ;hen a restin" cell is stimulated throu"h volta"e-re"ulated channels, the cell membranes become more permeable to sodium. &here is a net movement of sodium into the cell, and the membrane potential decreases, or Hmoves forward,I from a ne"ative value 6in millivolts7 to zero. &he sodium "ates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, causin" the membrane potential to reduce to zero and then become positive 6depolarization7. $E! pp. '%-''

''. &he action of platelet-derived "rowth factor is to stimulate production of a platelets. . b epidermal cells. . c connective tissue cells. . d fibroblast cells. .

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&est 2ank ANS = 9ifferent types of cells re:uire different factors? for e3ample, platelet-deri%ed gro.th /actor stimulates the production of connective tissue cells. $E! p. '(

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'). ;hat is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction< a &hey provide "rowth factor for tissue "rowth and development. . b &hey block pro"ress of cell reproduction throu"h the cell cycle. . c &hey restrain cell "rowth and development. . d &hey provide nutrients for cell "rowth and development. . ANS A 0ro.th /actors, also called cytokines, are peptides that transmit si"nals within and between cells. &hey have a ma,or role in the re"ulation of tissue "rowth and development 6&able 1-07. $E! p. '(

'(. ;hich cells, if any, lose their ability to replicate and divide< a None? all cells have the ability to replicate and divide. . b =ells of the lun" and intestinal tract . c =ells of the skin . d =ells of the lens of the eye and skeletal muscle . ANS 9 All types of cells under"o mitosis durin" formation of the embryo, but many adult cells, such as nerve cells, lens cells of the eye, and muscle cells, lose their ability to replicate and divide. $E! p. '( '0. =ellular reproduction is a process that a often takes months or years to complete. . b typically has a short interphase. . c results in two diploid cells called daughter cells. . d involves the interaction of male and female cells. .

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ANS = &he - phase of the cell cycle, mitosis and cytokinesis, be"ins with prophase, the first appearance of chromosomes. As the phase proceeds, each chromosome is seen as two identical halves called chro)atids, which lie to"ether and are attached at some point by a spindle attachment site called a centro)ere1 6&he two chromatids of each chromosome, which are "enetically identical, are sometimes called sister chromatids.7 $E! p. ')

'5. 9urin" which phase of the cell cycle is 9NA synthesized< a A1 . b S . c A% . d . ANS 2 &he four desi"nated phases of the cell cycle are 617 the A1 phase 6A L "ap7, which is the period between the - phase and the start of 9NA synthesis? 6%7 the S phase 6S L synthesis7, in which 9NA is synthesized in the cell nucleus? 6'7 the A% phase, in which $NA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of 9NA synthesis and the ne3t phase 6-7? and 6)7 the - phase 6- L mitosis7, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division 6!i"ure 1-''7. $E! p. ')

M"TC'&20 Match the structure with its function. Answers may be used more than once. a Endoplasmic reticulum . b $ibosome . c Secretory vesicle . d *ysosomes . 1. %. '. ). #acka"es and transports proteins !uses with the plasma membrane to release contents from the cell Synthesizes and transports lipids #rovides ener"y to di"est proteins into amino acids

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1. ANS A $E! p. ( N@& &he endoplasmic reticulum 6endo L MwithinM? plasma L McytoplasmM? reticulum L MnetworkM7 is a membrane factory that specializes in the synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid components of most of the cellNs or"anelles. %. ANS = $E! p. ( N@& #roteins from the endoplasmic reticulum are processed and packa"ed into small membrane-bound sacs or vesicles called secretory vesicles that collect at the end of the membranous folds of the Aol"i bodies &he secretory vesicles then break off from the Aol"i comple3 and mi"rate to a variety of intracellular and e3tracellular destinations, includin" the plasma membrane. &he vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane, and their contents are released from the cell. '. ANS A $E! p. ( N@& &he endoplasmic reticulum 6endo L MwithinM? plasma L McytoplasmM? reticulum L MnetworkM7 is a membrane factory that specializes in the synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid components of most of the cellNs or"anelles. ). ANS 9 $E! p. ( N@& *ysosomes function as the intracellular di"estive system 6!i"ure 1-07. *ysosomal enzymes are capable of di"estin" most cellular constituents down to their basic forms, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and su"ars. Match the structure with its function. Answers may be used more than once. a #assive-mediated transport . b Active-mediated transport . c @smosis . (. -ovement of water 0. #rotein carrier 5. !acilitated diffusion (. ANS = $E! p. %5 N@& @smosis is the movement of water MdownM a concentration "radient, that is, across a semipermeable membrane from a re"ion of hi"her water concentration to a lower water concentration. 0. ANS 2 $E! p. %4 N@& 1n active mediated transport, also called active transport, the protein transporter moves molecules a"ainst, or up, the concentration "radient. Dnlike passive mediated transport, active mediated transport re:uires the e3penditure of ener"y.

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5. ANS A $E! p. %4 N@& 1n passive mediated transport, also called facilitated diffusion, the protein transporter moves solute molecules throu"h cellular membranes without e3pendin" metabolic ener"y.

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