Justice K.S.

Hegde Institute Of Management

NMAMIT, Nitte 574110. Karnataka. India Nitte National Conference On

Market State and Society in Emerging India

December 29-30, 2013 Abstracts of Papers to be presented in the parallel sessions By Dr. M. S. Moodithaya, Registrar, Nitte University

Contents
Track: 1 India as an Emerging Economy
1. Corporate Virtue in Emerging Economy: An Indian Perspective Archana Singh & Arvind.N.Sinha 2. Infrastructure Development : A Platform for Growth in Emerging India Anuj Kumar Malviya 3. Rule of Law and Economic Progress: The Challenge of Creating Independent and Efficient Regulatory Mechanisms Mishika Singh & Abhishek Yadav 4. Impact of Foreign Institutional investments on Emerging Indian Stock Market: With Special Reference to BSE SENSEX Nimitha K & Roshni Yeshawanth 5. Indian Economy A New Dimension in the Service Sector Nagesha B.N, Jayanthi.G & Venkatesh.N 6. A Pareto Analysis of the Growth Priorities for Emerging India N Jayarama Shetty 7. India as an Emerging Economy and Sustainable Development The Juxtaposition Of Economy And Environment Nimrat Kaur & Vishwendra Panwar 8. Creation of Free Trade Area: An Analysis of Emerging Market Opportunities of India in South East Asia Rajasree. K. R 9. Sustainability of India Economy: Reality or Dream India as an Emerging Economy Uttam Panda 10. India, a Colossal Icon of Booming Economic Power Vishal Samartha &Sushma V

Track: 2 Inclusive Growth Models in a Pluralistic Society

11. Financial Inclusion Through Microfinance A Gateway to Inclusive Growth Therese Pereira & S. S. Hugar

12. Women Empowerment in a Pluralistic Society of India for the Success of Inclusive Growth Approach Ramakrishna B & Dr. Rama Mohan Rao 13. Sustainable Community-based Enterprise: A Study of Udupi Jasmine Dr. Ganesh Bhat S, Ratnavati Leena Ferrao and Ajith D Mello 14. A Study on Need for Expanding Market Base by Cooperative Banks Using Nursing Homes' Financial Pattern Prashanth Rao, Meena Pandian & Varun Vajpaye, 15. Financial Inclusion through Micro Finance A study of SKDRDP Krupa, V. D & J. Madegowda, 16. Pluralistic Society and growth models in India Usha.V 17. Inclusive Growth Model: Indian Experience Florin Shelomith Soans 18. Making a Difference with Voluntourism : An Instrument for Local Development and Social Inclusion K.P.Sandhya Rao & Vasanth Rao K P

Track: 3 PPP Modes and Beyond

19. Public Private Partnerships: A Review of the Evolving Economic and Legal Environment Harsha Rathore & Mathew George 20. Public Private Partnership and Beyond M.Muthu Gopalakrishnan & Rajiv N.R 21. Public Private Partnership in Managing the Performance of Labour Market: A Case Study with Reference to Small Scale Industries Ravisha B 22. Usability & Impact of Grassroots Innovations for Sustainable Development. Mansi Paul & Anurag Garg

23. Public Private Partnership & Privatisation- A psychological dilemma ShilpaShetty H 24. PPP in Agriculture Marketing in India Lokesh, Jnaneshwar Pai Maroor & Dr. Ishwara. P

Track: 4 State and Market in India: A Historical View

25. State versus Market: Complementary or Contradictory Mehraj uddin Gojree 26. The relationship between the state and voluntary sector: Initiatives taken by NGOs in delivering social services Divya M. S. 27. State and the Market Debate and Developments Dr. V. Basil Hans 28. Reforming the State: A Study on Market Transition and Societal Transformation in India Dr. Vanishree Joseph 29. Impact of Government Intervention in Indian Market Akshatha B.G. 30. Historical View of Market, Marketing Function and Functionaries with Special reference to Indian Agricultural Market G. R. Joshi, M.com, M.phil.,

Track: 5 Markets beyond Profiteering Markets as Social Institutions

31. The Market for Green Buildings in Emerging India A Literature Review and Research Agenda Sunitha Lizzie Pereira & Dr. Mustiary Begum 32. Polytechnics of Rural India- A Case Study the Community Development Scheme of NRAM Polytechnic, Nitte. Roshan Belloor

33. Market as Social Institution with Special reference to Informal Sector Mr. Radhakrishna & Dr. Shripathi Kalluraya P 34. Privatisation of Water Resource Management: Looking Beyond Profiteering Jagadisha Bala & Dr. Y. Muniraju 35. Indian market and its role as social institution Prathima 36. Corporate Social Responsibility-A Comparative Study Sangita Biswas & Shrimani. K 37. Capitalism to Conscious Capitalism to Conscience Capitalism: The Evolution of an Economic System Dr. L. Sridhara Murthy, Ph.D., 38. Market and Social Institutions: A Sociological Dimension Dr. C. Venkatachalam, PhD 39. Corporate Social Responsibilities of Companies in India Arpitha & Beryl Vandya 40. Wealth at the Bottom of the Pyramid- An Ethical Perspective Rayan DSouza, Dr. Beena Dias & Dr. Rowena Wright

41. Role of Self Help Groups in Enhancing Wealth Creation of Economy Sumitha P.V, Prathibha M.S & Harinakshi

Track: 6 Limitations of Market

42. Review of Competition Law and Policy in India & The Role of CCI in the Promotion of Competition Advocacy Swati Ghildiyal & Jaskaran Singh Bhullar 43. A Study on Limiting the Social Media Vehicles in Educational Markets at Mangalore District Raghavendran V 44. Limitations of Indian market and its effects on entrepreneurs Kishan Kumar M.D

Track: 7 Organizational Forms to Support Competition and Co-operation

45. Role of Electronic Human Resource Management (EHRM) in Delivering Public Delivery Services A Case Study in Andhra Pradesh K S Vijaya Sekhar

Track: 8 Competition Policy in India

46. Competition Policy in India With Respect to M&As Shejal Verma & Anubha Shrivastava 47. Competition Policy in India Nethravathi N, Raghavendra G, & Dr. Ravi A 48. A Critical Study on Problems and Policy Perspectives of Competition in India Kumara.N.J & Dr. Maruthi.T.R

Track: 9 Changing Role of Government in a Knowledge-based Economy

49. Changing Role of Government in a Knowledge-based Economy Dr. M. M. Munshi 50. A study on Government Investment in Higher Education sector for developing knowledge workers for Sustainable Development An exploratory study Bhagya G B 51. A Glimpse on GOIs E-Governance Projects Bharath Bhushan.B

Track: 10 State Policies of Dole-outs and Generation of Market Imperfections

52. An Empirical Study on Assessment of Employability Skills Implication for University Industry Linkage S. Gopalakrishnan, V. Sukumar & R. Thirunavukkarasu 53. Government dole outs and market failure in India Bindu Balagopal & Dr. Chacko Jose P

Track: 11 Other related sub-themes

54. Study on environment of rural market Manukumari M.S & Preethika 55. Ethical Hacking Carol Reyna Rebello & Shreya Shetty 56. A Study on Financial Instruments & Products & Its Impact, Challenges & Opportunities Sharan Kumar Shetty 57. Market and Government: The Need for Greater Commitment to a Broader Sense of Community Dr. Sudhir Raj K 58. Facing challenges of SME Internationalization A study on IT applications in Dakshina Kannada District Ravilochan Rao 59. An Exploration of Rumor Spread Paths The North-East India Exodus Incident of August 2012 Onook Oh, Priya Gupta, Ashwin Rao , Manish Agrawal & H. Raghav Rao 60. The many pitfalls of money Maya M Ahmed 61. Infrastructure Policies for Digital Economy Moshin Ahmed 62. Entrepreneurship in a Growing Economy: MBA students perspective Saravanan & Anoosha Pilar

Corporate Virtue in Emerging Economy: An Indian Perspective

Archana Singh, Asst. Professor, Management Studies, Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical & Social Sciences, Sultanpur U.P Arvind.N.Sinha, Asst. Professor, Kirlosker Institute of Advance Management Studies, Harihar, Karnataka Taking corporate responsibility as a product or service and its supply by the corporate houses from the civil foundation to frontier, as described by the corporate virtue matrix designed by Roger L Martin, this paper attempts to study the impact of globalization, proliferation of information, communication and telecom technologies, evolving demographic trends, acceptable political behavior and corporate ownership on Indian companies in last two decades of liberalized economy. The paper further presents a comparison of dynamics of corporate virtue of Indian business houses with those of China and the USA. The paper reinforces the need for corporate virtue as measured in terms of corporate responsibility for Indian business houses to achieve a sustainable leadership role in the world economy.

Infrastructure Development: A Platform for Growth in Emerging India

Anuj Kumar Malviya Credit Analyst, State Bank of India, Mid Corporate Group, New Delhi

Infrastructure creation and up gradation is the fundamental and established way to achieve economic development for any country and Indian economy is no exception to it. Rail network created by British in India which is still considered as a carrier of Indian economy is another historical proof that was created to establish control and logistic movements in Imperial India. The most important reason for requirement of structural growth in infrastructure is transforming demography which is a fast growing proportion of young people in the total population. India is the youngest country amongst the all other developing and developed economies of the world and is going to remain youngest of all the G8 and BRICS nation till 2050.This young population is integral part of the Great Indian Growth story during previous two decades that has made the nation a perfect destination for Global Investments and a seasoned performer in the world economy.GDP growth has been reasonably comfortable during last two decades and growing at a pace of 9% to 10% for the past few years with exception to previous 2-3 years. Although the Indian government, had ear-marked Rupees 23.8 trillion (approximately USD 559 billion) for infrastructure up gradation during the 11th five year plan (2007-12), it was widely understood and acknowledged that budgetary resources were inadequate to meet these overall requirements thus the ear marked amount was almost tripled to 64 (approximately USD 1 Trillion) trillion rupees during twelfth five year plan (2013-17) . But the picture is not that glossy in regards to the infra development in our country. India shall need various other financial, regulatory and market supports to meet the emerging infrastructure needs and demands. The present infrastructure investment in India is only 4.2% of GDP. As per global standards, India needs to invest an additional 3-4% of GDP on infrastructure to sustain its current levels of growth and to spread the benefits of growth more widely. Moreover the general sentiments in various parts of the nation are not conducive. There have been numerous other issues and constraints in dealing with the captioned subject. The purpose of this work is to raise the concern over the urgency of physical infrastructure requirement. Alignments of various nation building policies with infrastructure development will not only establish the stable and consistent growths in the longer run but will also paves a way to overall growth of the nation.

Rule of Law and Economic Progress: The Challenge of Creating Independent and Efficient Regulatory Mechanisms
Mishika Singh Abhishek Yadav Students, Campus Law Centre, Faculty of Law, University of Delhi Institutions should work in a manner that they promote development and not obstruct it. India has partly succeeded but mostly failed in establishing independent regulatory bodies in every field. The paper aims to trace the history of regulatory authorities in India with special regard to the introduction of the fairly recent Competition Commission in India and how it is a step forward from the MRTP. It will delve into a broad sweep of regulations in every field and the evolution of regulatory bodies from being controlled completely by the Government to being de-regularized and liberated. The focus will be on the existence and/or need of specialized bodies that are functioning as regulatory bodies. The paper also aims to answer questions of importance like consumer interest as a relevant factor with respect to regulatory bodies, the dual responsibility of regulatory bodies as an adjudicatory body in matters of conflict and whether or not the greater involvement of the public sector will contribute to the economic progress of the country. In addition to the above, the paper will also touch upon important sub-themes like the tribunalisation of justice, importance of lawyers while drafting international agreements, the complicated relationship between the contradictory terms- competition and regulation, the status of such authorities in Russia and America and its effects on their respective economies, the need of a public-private party in every sphere of the economy, the increasing burden on the Government to regulate its interventionist policies with respect to prevalent market practices. As a conclusion, the paper answers the question that whether the stringent adoption of rule of law principle with respect to the Indian Economy will help India to harness its full potential, and whether or not the economy and the current market practice as it exists today can be regulated better with a more comprehensive involvement from the private sector

Impact of Foreign Institutional investments on Emerging Indian Stock Market: with Special Reference to BSE SENSEX
Nimitha K Lecturer, St Agnes College, Mangalore Roshni Yeshawanth Assistant Professor, Govt. First Grade College, Haleangadi India is one of the fast growing markets in the world and portfolio investment has become the dominant path of foreign investment in the Indian economy. India liberalized its financial market and allowed Foreign Institutional investors (FIIs) to participate in their domestic markets in 1992. Since Indian stock market is vast and attracts investors as a hotspot of investment, the major part of investment in Indian market is attributed to institutional investors among whom foreign investors are of primary importance. The presence of FIIs in the market resulted in a number of positive effects like improved stock markets, more transparency etc. However, people are also sensing negative effects in the form of potential destabilization because of the bulk buying and selling activity of FIIs. One eminent concern in the matter is whether these foreign investors (FII) direct the Indian stock market. The recent steep fall in the Indian Rupee is in part being attributed to the exit of foreign investors i.e. FIIs from the domestic capital markets, especially from the debt segment. This has bought to the fore concerns about the influence the foreign institutional investments (FIIs) have on the domestic markets and economy in general. The present paper highlights on the impact of Foreign Institutional investments on the Bombay Stock Exchange with a special reference to the SENSEX, as SENSEX is a prominent stock index in India.

Keywords: Foreign Institutional Investors, SENSEX, Stock Exchange

Indian Economy A New Dimension in the Service Sector

Nagesha B.N Professor, Koshys Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore Jayanthi.G Faculty, Koshys Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore Venkatesh.N Faculty, Koshys Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore The economic growth in India has gone for a paradigm shift for the last two decades. A phenomenal shift has taken place in service sector and India has achieved new heights in terms of contribution in service sector. This paper makes an attempt to study the horizontal and vertical growth of the service sector in comparison with industrial sector and agricultural sector. Secondary data and primary data has been employed to analyze the growth. An exhaustive attempt has been made to collect data through newspaper, magazine, journals and internet. Keywords : Economy, India, Service sector, Industrial sector, Agricultural sector and Growth potential

A Pareto Analysis of the Growth Priorities for Emerging India

N Jayarama Shetty Professor, Nitte School of Management, Gollahalli, Govindapura, Bangalore A report by National Intelligence Council (Global Trends 2030: Alternative Worlds) predicts that India will have been the 3 rd largest economy of the world by 2030. It further says that Indias GDP will grow from its current $ 1.8 trillion to 30 trillion level by 2030. The terms Emerging Market and Emerging Economy are often made use of interchangeably. However the operating definition of Emerging Market goes as, Emerging Market is a Nation with Social and Business activity in the process of rapid growth and Industrialisation. International Monetary Fund (July 16, 2010) labels India as Emerging Economy from among 24 countries. The term Emerging Markets was first brought into usage by Antonio Van Agtmal in the year 1980. Ever since, the term is being loosely used to replace Emerging Economies. Some economists term Emerging Economy as a phase between developing and developed status. By 2010, 50 countries with more than 60% of population and 45% of GDP matched these requirements. So far as India is concerned, the following 5 major sectors are poised to grow so as to help Her reach the Developed Nation status by another one decade. They are Information Technology, Telecom sector, Health care, Infrastructure and Retail The scope of the full paper As we can see, the list of 5 above does not include MSME which is a major sector to reckon with. MSMEs accounting for 45% of manufacturing output, and 40% of exports ( Report by Working Group on MSMEs growth, 2011) need to be recognised as a thrust area. The paper will therefore investigate into the lop sided priorities with which Indian Economy is taken forward. Pareto analysis by Wilfred Pareto, an Italian economist and philosopher, talks about the malaise of choosing trivial many in the place of vital few. The growth pattern of the present key sectors which enjoy the patronage vis-a-vis those left behind will be looked at critically and analysed. The full conference paper will make an attempt to recast the growth priorities in the light of possibilities and imperatives. The changing demographic profile will be duly considered while suggesting new priorities alongside the existing one. Methodology 1. Sectoral analysis of the investment vis-a-vis contribution to GDP will be undertaken beginning from the advent of economic reforms and the findings and reported to form a part of the full paper 2. Source documents will be properly and adequately acknowledged 3. A pareto chart will be drawn based on the table of relative importance of each of the sectors

India as an Emerging Economy and Sustainable Development The Juxtaposition of Economy and Environment
Nimrat Kaur Vishwendra Panwar LLM Students, National Law School Bangalore It is a fact well known that India is the largest democracy and worlds fastest growing economy. In the marathon of extensive development are we transgressing our promises made in the trio- Stockholm, Rio and Johannesburg Conferences for ensuring sustainable development? It means that both economic growth and environment can co-exist without compromising on the needs of future generations but has become rhetoric in the developing world owing to the advocacy of developed countries. Achieving the ultimate aim of sustainable development, calls for making tough policy decisions and ensuring successful implementation of the same. Addressing the needs of stakeholders from economic, social and environmental dimensions vis-a-vis seeking international cooperation and integration till date remains a big challenge for emerging economies. The current paper will analyse the domestic laws and legislations and the paradigm shift in the role of the State into three phases. The First Phase beginning preliberalisation in 1991 and the advent of New International Economic Order; the Second Phase in early 2000s when globalisation and development were sole and only concerns for India and the Third Phase when Sustainable development became the buzz word where our policy framers realised economic growth needs a human rights framework owing to increasing International pressure. Further, this paper evaluates the multi-dimensional impact of economic growth ranging from technological advancement and better standard of living to man- made and natural disasters. A section of the paper will deal with how the mankind has benefitted from economic growth and how the environment has lost in the bargain. Problems of poverty, population explosion, unemployment, rising crime rate, climate change, shortage of food, desertification, deforestation, floods and droughts continue to plague India. A critique will reflect upon the existing framework dealing with economic growth and environment and what are the lessons to be drawn from them. The focal point will be capacity-building, state good practices and employing green technology to ensure that economy and environment benefit from each other. To achieve the same, the paper examines the various models of governance to achieve a self-sustaining democratic model protecting both economic and environmental concerns. It is, therefore, imperative that India should not rest on its oars until it has successfully dealt with current challenges, mandatorily imposed Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility and make sustainable development a reality thereby sailing from an economy to a green economy.

Creation of Free Trade Area: An Analysis of Emerging Market Opportunities of India in South East Asia
Rajasree. K. R Research Scholar, Department of Political Science, University of Hyderabad

Free Trade Areas are the unavoidable aspect of International trade. It works as a facilitator of trade between nations. Since the establishment of the WTO in January 1995, nearly 125 new Regional Trade Arrangements (RTA) have been notified to the WTO, at an average of 15 notifications every year. These RTA are promoting the creation of bilateral and multilateral Free Trade Areas all over the world. India is not an exception on this evolving scenario. India has signed Free Trade Area with Sri Lanka and also with Association of South East Asia Nations (ASEAN). The India-ASEAN FTA in Goods was signed in August 13, 2009. Most of the countries in ASEAN and India have implemented the Free Trade Area in Goods. This led to an increase in trade volume between India and ASEAN. This Paper will try to analyze the opening of Indian Economy to South East Asian countries by gradual tariff reduction through the FTA. How far the FTA provides market opportunities for Indian products in South East Asia, whether the FTA is mutually beneficial to both the parties is the major theme of analysis in this paper. Keywords: Free Trade Area, Regional Trade Arrangements, Market Access, Tariff Reduction and Elimination

Sustainability of India Economy: Reality or Dream India as an Emerging Economy

Uttam Panda IIM Lucknow Alumni

The economy of India is the ninth largest in the world in terms of nominal GDP and the third largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). The Indian economy has transverse a very long way from a mixed economy combining features of capitalism and socialism, resulting in an inward looking, interventionist policies and import-substituting economy to liberal and freemarket principles. The question of the decade is that whether Indias Economy will be able to sustain the growth ladder, which it has achieved through the last two decades. There is a gloomy and pessimistic sentiment in the Indian Economic scene: High fiscal deficit: Due to rise in unproductive spending, Indias fiscal deficit is among the highest in the emerging market. Record high current account deficit Indias CAD widened to US $32.6b n (6.7% of GDP) in 2013. Falling Domestic savings High inflation and interest rates Lack of political will and economic reforms Growth slowdown Depreciation of Rupee against US Dollar Indias Growth though remains relatively high, but various factors inc luding the unsettled global outlook, slow government decision-making and concerns about the governance and policy uncertainty have weighted heavily on the investment. Economic Growth in India may become unsustainable because of poor state of infrastructure, social and regional imbalances, and looming environmental threats, including water and energy shortages and lack of entrepreneurship. However, this weakness if properly, could spur further growth, thus making economic growth sustainable. The paper will be looking into the way of how India can overcome the current economic crisis and can be in the sustainable path, which he has been for the last two decades. The 3Ws (what, when, why) will be able to show as the way.

India, a Colossal Icon of Booming Economic Power

Vishal Samartha Associate Professor, Sahyadri college of Engineering and Management, Adyar, Mangalore, Sushma V Assistant Professor, Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management, Adyar, Mangalore India with its vigorous legal configuration, financial services domain and proficient human resources is the new economic icon of budding powers. India is also an unbelievably poor country with unbelievably rich people and hence has massive potential to unleash. It is a country of amazing physical, social and economic diversity and it is pragmatic that it has been rapidly changing and growing. It is a proven fact that Indian economy is interlinked to the American economy. America is slowly picking up, favouring the economic condition of India with the rebound on GDP. As the global economy emerges from the financial crisis and recession, India is going to be relatively stronger and more influential. There is a flagrant sense of poise, pride and even destiny among Indian business leaders. Despite the hurdles and challenges, India has enormous capacity to be utilized. Over population in the Indian cities can be termed as a boon or a bane. With the increasing and overcrowded cities, incidents of terrorism, social evils are on the rampant. On the contrary, had this population which is termed as a menace used constructively, India would be not less than any other developed countries in the world. In the world economy, most of the countries have an aging population; however India is blessed to have an overwhelming young and skilled human resource. Studies say that the white collar professionals with highest degrees are from India when compared to any other nation in the world. The education system has moved from a traditional approach to a multifaceted modern approach where universities are now joining hands with foreign universities for academic collaboration twinning programs. India is a developing country with in-house, world-class high-technology industries, avenues for research and innovations, scope for entrepreneurship, growth in the field of medicine etc. The Indian electoral system has a number of regional parties with the combination of effective and ineffective leaders. Despite the global recession, Indian banks appear reasonably well capitalized. Banks have taken all steps to keep their margin of safety in control. With the current scenario of falling rupee value against the foreign currency, tourism in India has reached greater heights in terms of attraction and revenue. This has also led to a manifold increase of outsourcing business in the field of IT, BPO due to the availability of cheap labour. In this context, the researcher gives an insight into the finer portrait of what India has in store for us considering the educational, social, technological, political, legal systems of India. The paper will also touch upon the rate at which the country is progressing readily towards being a booming economic power in the world. Keywords: India, Economy, Potential, Booming
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Financial Inclusion through Microfinance A Gateway to Inclusive Growth

Therese Pereira, Assistant Professor in Commerce, Govt. First Grade College, Car Street, Mangalore S. S. Hugar, Chairman, Dept. of P G Studies in Commerce, Karnatak University, Dharwad

The beginning of the millennium has witnessed a transformation in the economies across the developing nations. However, reaching to the poor people is still a difficult task in India and nurturing them over a long period to improve their economic status and capabilities is a difficult task. However, those knocked out of the formal credit from banks due to their poor creditworthiness, have found a way out in the form of microfinance. Access to microfinance helps the poor to carry out regular activities smoothly and avoids the periods where access to food, clothing, shelter or education is lost. Micro credit makes it easier to manage shocks such as sickness, theft, or natural disasters. It also helps to build assets such as buying land and gives future security. Women participants in micro credit programs often experience self-empowerment. For India it has come as a breakthrough in the practices of poverty eradication, economic empowerment and inclusive growth. At present there are more than 1000 microfinance institutions (MFIs) in India. Their role is nobler as they do banking for the poor. In this context, this paper throws light on the various guidelines issued by the RBI to commercial banks in respect of microfinance and the different programs undertaken by the NABARD for encouraging the banks in their active participation in the financial inclusion of the unbanked. The paper also highlights the role played by two leading banks of Dakshina Kannada District Corporation Bank and Canara Bank in the inclusive growth of unorganized sector through microfinance. It analyses the various schemes and programs introduced by these two banks toward the financial inclusion (access) of marginalized and vulnerable poor, who have been excluded from the formal credit markets for a long period of time. The paper also examines the role of these two banks in the promotion of micro-enterprises in the rural areas. The paper is prepared on the basis of the personal interaction with the official of the banks and also the secondary information obtained from the annual reports of the bank, NABARD report and other related sources. Keywords: Microfinance, Micro-Enterprises, Financial Inclusion, Inclusive Growth, Priority Sector
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Women Empowerment in a Pluralistic Society of India for the Success of Inclusive Growth Approach
Ramakrishna B Assistant Professor, Humanities Department, N M A M Institute of Technology, Nitte Rama Mohan Rao Associate Professor, GITAM Institute of Management, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, A. P. In the Indian pluralistic society the much expected 11 th Five Year Plan (2007-11) policy initiative has proven to be a partial success as old wine in a new bottle. The male dominant Indian society fails to realize the contribution of women, directly or indirectly, in the socio-economic life of the family and society at large. This gap created by the genderdivide is one of the major reasons for partial success of the inclusive growth approach in the Indian pluralistic society. The inclusive growth approach in spite of including the elements like poverty reduction, employment generation both in quality and quantity, agricultural development, social sector development, reduction in regional disparities, environmental protection, and so on can turn out to be a true success story by inclusion of Women Empowerment in social, economic and political fabric of Indian society. Without an active participation of women the success of inclusive growth policies and programmes is highly impossible. As rightly stated in the 11th Five Year Plan (2007-11) proposal, the vision of inclusiveness must go beyond the traditional objective of poverty alleviation to encompass equality of opportunity, as well as economic and social mobility for all sections of society, with affirmative action for SCs, STs, OBCs and WOMEN. Moreover, eleventh five year plan proposed a five -fold agenda for Women Empowerment and gender equality. This paper aims at highlighting Womens Social and Economic Empowerment through skill development, education, health and hygiene, and decisive participation to achieve the goals of Inclusive Growth. It is rightly said, if you educate a man, you educate a man; if you educate a woman, you educate a generation and similarly if you empower a women, you empower a nation. The paper also emphasizes the role of the government, NGOs and other organizations in empowering women through selfhelp groups and its impact on the effectiveness of inclusive growth approach in a pluralistic society of India.

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Sustainable Community-Based Enterprise: A Study of Udupi Jasmine

Dr. Ganesh Bhat S. Associate Professor, St. Marys College, Shirva Ratnavati Leena Ferrao Associate Professor, St Marys College, Shirva Ajith D Mello Assistant Professor, St Marys College, Shirva In the Indian sub-continent different regions are endowed with unique resources that assisted people to localize skill-sets to develop place specific products, and indigenous knowledge that can pass from one generation to next (putting it in World Trade Organisation terminology as Geographical Indicators). They have survived for generations and even today they are providing gainful employment to the community involved. CBE Model, not called by that name though, is prevalent for many decades. May it be Kashmir Shawl or Kanjeevaram Sarees or Assam Tea and our own backyard Udupi Jasmine or Mattu Gulla each one is having a special place in the mind space of Indians. No attempt has been made to understand these under the lens of CBE and strategically reviewed it under resource-based view. Apart from the above, this paper tries to propose a model to understand them in the context of CBE. Furthermore this article tries to answer the following questions: 1. Whether community-based enterprises can ameliorate socio-economic problems like poverty alleviation, rural development and inclusive growth? 2. Can CBE work better than individual-lead enterprises in bestowing benefits to the society? 3. What are the roles played by social animators or societal leaders in development of community entrepreneurship? 4. What forces certain segment of communities but not all get encouraged in being part of the CBE? 5. What is the special bondage that holds whole community and also that provides emotional ownership of CBE? 6. Can successful models of CBE be up scaled elsewhere in the country or any part of the globe? An attempt has been made in this paper to propose a Sustainable Community-Based Enterprise model and validate that model in the context of Udupi Jasmine. In Udupi District of Karnataka jasmine growing and marketing is successful in social and economic development that proved robust for over seventy years. The paper begins with some discussion on the concept of development followed by detailed narration on the CBE model. In the later part, it speaks about the proposed CBE model vis--vis jasmine economy of Udupi. Finally some insights into the whole concept of CBE in the regional context are also made to draw conclusions.

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A Study on Need for Expanding Market Base by Cooperative Banks Using Nursing Homes' Financial Pattern
Prashanth Rao Asst. Professor, Department of Commerce, Acharya Institute of Graduate Studies, Bangalore Meena Pandian Lecturer, Department of Commerce, Acharya Institute of Graduate Studies, Bangalore Varun Vajpaye, Student V BBM, Acharya Institute of Graduate Studies, Bangalore . Nursing homes have served as the first point of contact for patients immediate requirements. Every important locality in almost all major cities is blessed with nursing homes. Nursing homes offer not only basic medical services, but also selected specialty diagnosis. Such diagnosis depends on the specialization of the medical practitioners concerned. Nursing homes are managed either by individual or a group of doctors. Such a group is either the immediate family member or close associates. Nursing homes follow a traditional form of billing system. Patients, or their bill-payers, settle the treatment bills using cash only. Such medical centres do not accept cheques, demand drafts or any other negotiable instruments. Further, not many nursing homes accept plastic currency, for want of infrastructure. With the cost of medical treatment increasing exponentially, nursing homes need to handle large volumes of cash when bills are settled. Cooperative banks offer basic banking services to its customers located within the neighbourhood. These banks have a dedicated customer base. Nursing homes can tie-up with cooperative banks to address the formers cash management requirements. In this process, cooperative banks can adopt appropriate technology not only to fulfil such requirements, but also increase their retail and non-retail customer base. This paper analyzes how cooperative banks can increase their customer base through nursing homes. Keywords: Cooperative Bank, Nursing Home, Marketing, Bill Settlement, Financial Services.

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Financial Inclusion through Micro Finance A Study of SKDRDP

Krupa, V. D Guest Faculty, Department of Commerce, KuvempuUniversty, JnanaSahyadri, Shankarghatta J. Madegowda Professor& Chairman, Department of Commerce, KuvempuUniversty, JnanaSahyadri, Shankarghatta Financial inclusion and inclusive growth plays a prominent role in the development of every country especially for countries like India. According to the World Development Report, 2005, 79.9% of Indias population, of about 175 million families, lives on less than US $2 per day. Of these, approximately 76 million families live in adjunct poverty surviving on less than US $1 per day (Banker Institute of Rural Development, 2008). This study made the government of India to take many initiatives to alleviate poverty. One of such initiatives is financial inclusion through micro finance. Micro finance programme is introduced throughout the country with the help of NABARD. This apex institution is providing micro finance to the rural people through the SHGs. This programme is implemented throughout India and covers all regions. During the year 79.60 lakh SHGs were linked and mobilized Rs. 6551.41crores as savings and issued fresh loan Rs. 16534.77 in the name of micro finance. These figures show that, through the SHGs, NABARD is achieving its financial inclusion programme and this achievement is not only the effort of GOI and NABARD but also through many MFIs. Karnataka government has also joined their hands with apex institution and MFIs in proving micro finance. One of such MFIs in Karnataka is SKDRDP, which is acting as an aid for achieving inclusive growth through its Business Correspondence Model. This paper makes an attempt to analyze this model with the help of 2011-12 SKDRDP report. . Keywords: Financial Inclusion, Inclusive Growth, Micro Finance, Adjunct Poverty, SKDRDP, Business Correspondence Model.

15

Pluralistic Society and Growth Models in India

Usha.V Research Scholar, Anna University, Regional Centre-Coimbatore Pluralistic society is a political engagement that creates a common society for the diverse background of people. Here people with the different views are merged together; pluralism is the people of different religion, caste, culture, beliefs, values norms, demographics, socio economic status with the different views. India is a pluralistic society with the wide range of people and views. In this environment there is balance of lifestyle and culture has been existing and people are adjusting to different views of the society or accommodating the views to their self, multi cultural views and education system in this pluralistic society play a vital role in bringing up or adjusting to the changes in the society, with these diversification India has grown to the greater extent. There are multiple competing pluralistic values and those values are been balanced in the society and a growth perspective is been attained with the co ordinate view of people. The present focuses on these aspects and analyses the growth models of Indian pluralistic society.

16

Finclusive Growth Model: Indian Experience

Florin Shelomith Soans Faculty of Economics, St.Aloysius College, Mangalore India's economy has grown at an impressive pace over the last two decades as a result of wide-ranging structural reforms to open up the economy and make it more competitive. More recently, activity has slowed reflecting not only the weak global environment but also the emergence of strains created by the pressure that rapid economic growth has put on energy, natural resources, infrastructure and skills. Institutions, regulation and economic governance need to adapt to sustain the economic transformation required for India to address its social and economic challenges. The bottlenecks that are bearing down on growth will have to be addressed for India to continue to narrow its major gap in living standards. This can be achieved by Inclusive growth, attributes of the 11th Five Year Plan in India. Broad vision of the Eleventh Plan includes several inter-related components like rapid growth that reduces poverty and creates employment opportunities, access to essential services in health and education especially for the poor, equality of opportunity, empowerment through education and skill development, employment opportunities underpinned by the National Rural Employment Guarantee, environmental sustainability. In this context, it will be interesting and important to analyse the experience of the inclusive growth model in India. The main purpose of this paper is to review the inclusive growth experience in India. The specific objectives of the paper are; 1. To review the achievement of Inclusive growth during 11 th Five Year Plan. 2. To examine the financial inclusion activities in India. 3. To analyse the performance of social inclusive activities in India. The paper will be analytical in nature and the analysis of inclusive growth in India will be attempted on the basis of secondary data available. In this paper with the literature review of 11 th five year documents, analysis of financial and social inclusion is also attempted. Microfinance Finance Programmes are analysed to understand the nature of financial inclusion, and various social inclusion programmes of Eleventh Five Year Plan are also analysed to understand the extent of social inclusion.

17

Making a Difference with Voluntourism: An Instrument for Local Development and Social Inclusion
K.P.Sandhya Rao Assistant Professor,Justice K. S Hegde Institute of Management, Nitte Vasanth Rao K P PG student, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Purpose of the Research To study the practice of voluntourism, an alternative form of tourism that involves international, inter social and intercultural cooperation to maximize the common good. Design/methodology/approach The paper takes the form of a literature review to understand this emerging travel sector and how this concept can be incorporated to make a difference and act as an instrument for local development and social inclusion . Tourism is world's most important service industry that accounts for approximately 15% of the worlds total employment. It is one of the main sources of income for many developing countries and has become a key economic driver globally. Worldwide, tourists travel for leisure, wildlife, sightseeing, nature travel, business, health or religious reasons. However, now there is an increase in the number of tourists who are seeking to escape traditional tourism and find meaningful ways to "give back" to places they treasure. This type of tourism that combines meaningful volunteering with a tour is referred to as voluntourism or participatory travel. It is an alternative form of tourism that relies heavily on cross-sector collaboration. Volunteer tourism experience provides significant economic, social, and environmental benefits to tourism destinations. Tourists try to satisfy the lower needs of communities through the pursuit of meeting their own higher order needs as per the classification of Maslow. Volunteer tourists are of two types; ones whose motivations are based on meeting the needs of others through the unselfish nature of volunteer activity and those ones who have as motivational factor the touristic aspect of travel above the voluntary action that will develop and its beneficial effect on society. This paper discusses several destinations that have benefitted through voluntoursim activities wherein tourists have voluntarily participated in a meaningful and purposeful vacation that included constructing roads, homes and technology infrastructure, education or artistic and cultural development ,providing spiritual or emotional assistance, improving health and nutrition and environmental clean-up or agriculture assistance. This paper also discusses how volunteer tourism functions as an instrument of local development. Voluntourism projects contribute economically benefiting the community by tourist expenditure and its multiplier effect, besides generating jobs directly or indirectly. Therefore, through ethical and responsible action this activity, besides attending a growing touristic demand promotes local development and social inclusion.

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Public Private Partnerships: A Review of the Evolving Economic and Legal Environment
Harsha Rathore Mathew George Students, Campus Law Centre, Faculty of Law, Delhi University When the Delhi Airport Metro Line operations were relinquished to the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), on 1 st July, 2013, many analysts were worried about the damaging impact on the Public Private Partnership (PPP) Model in developing infrastructure in country. The Delhi Airport Line was a PPP effort between the DMRC, the government agency involved in the project and the private company - Reliance Infrastructure, sporting the swankiest stations and trains in all of Delhis 190 km Metro public transit system. Irreconcilable differences arose between the PPP partners with the agreement which was preceded by heavy operation losses suffered by the Reliance Infrastructure, finally leading to its exit. Allegations of poor structural work and a financially unviable contract were traded between the parties but the dispute lead to a loss to both parties concerned resulting in substandard public goods being provided and attributing a loss on the exchequer. Financial constraints are also a heavy burden for large infrastructure projects which will fail to provide adequate returns for any private party besides the regulatory hurdles. A provident example of a PPP project which faced considerable financing crisis was the Cochin International Airport which was Indias first Greenfield airport under the PPP model. However, the Government of Kerala could not muster or convince funding to the project after which the State undertook a proactive yet bold plan to create a private company funded by over 10,000 NRIs investment deposits, thereby undertaking the role of private party with the rest of financial requirements met by the State. To ease this issue in posterity, the RBI earlier in the year released a circular which allowed all loans on PPP infrastructure projects with Model Concession agreements to be treated as secure which is an encouraging step. Another area where PPP projects should naturally transpire is the critical energy sector which has of late been stricken with a policy paralysis regarding pricing of natural gas and the even creating friction between regulatory bodies such the Director General of Hydrocarbons overseeing Oil Public Sector Units and their private partners. Public and Private harmony and trust is vital alongside understanding economic context and realities in this sector. On issues regarding land where government partnership is often seen as a tool for efficient acquisition of land soon to be tabled land acquisition Bill stipulating 80% consent by landowners being required as against 70% in PPP model will provide fresh impetus. To conclude with currently 1051 projects on the anvil or listed according to the Finance Ministrys Master List, the Public Private Partnerships are yet to fully reach their potential and remains Indias bet to the future vis. a vis. Privatization. .

19

Public Private Partnership and Beyond

M.Muthu Gopalakrishnan Associate Professor, Acharya Bangalore B-School, Bangalore Rajiv N.R Student-II MBA, Acharya Bangalore B-School, Bangalore This paper explores the topic of Public Private Partnerships (PPP) in India context. The paper provides a background to the definition of PPP and its importance in India and international economic context. It reviews the interaction and relationship between public and private partners, and the potential opportunities for an expansion of the PPP process. It provides a review of issues which confronts the successful integration of PPPs structures in India, evolution of PPPs, current status of PPPs and forms of PPP model in India. The paper also provides International experience with case studies. Effective implementation of PPPs shows that the public and the private sectors have positive advantages, relative to the other, in performing particular tasks. Some of Governments contribution to PPP may take the form of capital for investment, transfer of assets, or other commitments that support the partnership. The Government and Private also tie up to provide social responsibility and environmental awareness. The private sectors role in the partnership is to make use of its expertise in commerce, management, operations, and innovation to run the business efficiently. The private partner may also contribute investment capital depending on the form of contract. Finally this paper provides State level experience of PPPs with some recommendations

20

Public Private Partnership in Managing the Performance of Labour Market: A Case Study with Reference to Small Scale Industries
Ravisha B Assistant Professor, MSNM Besant Institute of PG Studies, Bondel, Mangalore

Public private partnership will make the manufacturing sector strong in this competitive world. It also gives birth to joint venture in the manufacturing sector and makes arrangement to maximize utilization of available resource. In most of the private companies there is a lack of financial resources and government support to execute their project. With a help of the 3P model private companies will get support from the public companies to execute the joint projects. Public companies also get the expertise management support from the private companies to upgrade the projects. 3P model can be best suited for the Indian small scale industry. Small scale industries are struggling a lot in this competitive world so if the government assists them with all support to develop the small scale industry then the country can achieve the dream of development in the manufacturing sector. If this works then employees can also get lot of benefits to improve the performance in the organization. 3P model will make the employees competent to work according to the present needs and demands of the industry. Public and private companies can jointly conduct many employee developmental programmes. It will increase the skill and competency level of the employees in the work place. In Mangalore MSMEDI a government unit is organizing many programmes to enrich the knowledge of the employees those who are working in the various small scale industries. MSMEDI identifies many successful entrepreneurs in the small scale industry and their resourceful knowledge is shared by organizing workshop for employees. To get the management expertise in the workplace some government unit also make arrangement with a management institution to share the management skills among the employees. The study is based on the 50 respondents of employees who are working in the small scale industries in and around Mangalore. Keywords: Utilization, Competency, Expertise.

21

Usability and Impact of Grassroots Innovations for Sustainable Development

Mansi Paul Assistant Professor-Amity University, Noida-Uttar Pradesh Anurag Garg Student- M.B.A (Rural Management) Amity University, Noida-Uttar Pradesh There is a saying that crisis gives birth to solution. Similarly, rural people have an opportunity to become grassroots innovators to solve their and communitys problem by coming up with an innovative idea for sustainable development. This paper addresses to discover these innovators in two district of Bihar, studying the usability of the innovations and impact of the innovations in life style of rural people .The data collection was done through personal interview of rural innovators in total 20 villages in those districts. The result shows that maximum innovations are in the field of agriculture, rural energy and technology. So far the local area is benefiting from the technology and innovation and support is not provided from the government to promote them. Key words: Grassroots Innovators, Rural, Sustainable Development, Technology

22

Public Private Partnership & Privatisation- A Psychological Dilemma

ShilpaShetty H Asst.Prof, Dept of MBA, Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management, Mangalore The paper attempts to view the Public Private Partnership model from a new dimension of Privatization. The features of Public Private Partnership differ from project to project. However, the basic concept of Public Private Partnership signifies private involvement in providing public services which is the fundamental principle of Privatization as well. The difference between the two lies in the degree of private involvement in the project. Therefore the usage of the two terms can be viewed as a language game. The paper tries to bring out the similarities and differences between the two terms by concentrating on the Mangalore city Corporation case of Privatisation of water and PPP in installation and maintenance of street lights. The reaction of the public to the above two cases is examined to understand the psychological dilemma involved in the usage of the terms Public Private Partnership and Privatisation . Keywords : Dilemma, Privatization, Psychological, Public Private Partnership.

23

PPP in Agriculture Marketing in India

Lokesh, Facuty, Dept of MBA, Sahyadri College of Engineering & Management Jnaneshwar Pai Maroor Assistant Professor, Justice K.S. Hegde Institute of Management, Nitte Dr.Ishwara. P Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, Mangalore University The economic growth and development of India depends on the overall growth of all sectors like primary, secondary and tertiary sector. The agriculture sector has been contributing its share to the growth of the nation by providing employment opportunities to the rural people. On the part of the government it becomes mandatory to provide marketing facilities to the agricultural produce. The Government has taken initiative to promote private and public participation in development of agricultural infrastructure. Information technology has also made a lot of contribution in the development of agricultural marketing. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to analyze the initiatives taken by the government in association with private sector to strengthen the agriculture infrastructure and marketing. The paper is based on the secondary information collected from various sources. The study has taken two major PPP projects such as Development/ Strengthening of Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure (2004) of Government and ITCs e-choupal for analysis. Keywords : Agriculture Infrastructure, Agricultural Marketing and E-Choupal

24

State versus Market: Complementary or Contradictory

Mehraj uddin Gojree Research Schloar (PhD), Department of Political Science, Aligarh Muslim University, U.P., The debate between the state control and the free market though an old concept, is widely discussed in the contemporary world academic circles. The supporters of free market have always endorsed the view that it is the main stimulator of progress and freedom. However, the champions of state control see it as a tool of exploitation and threat to the freedom and liberty particularly for marginalized communities. This makes the state to be the protector and regulator of the market. It is within this context that an attempt has been made in this paper to try to answer the questions like - Should market or private business be compelled to obey the dictates of the public as personified by the state? Or, conversely, should they enjoy the same freedoms as private individuals the freedom to buy what they want and sell what they want? The paper concludes with assertions that both are complementary and can deliver good things while working hand in hand rather than adopting hostile postures against each other. A descriptive-analytical methodology is adopted to analyze and examine the facts with optimum level of objectivity. Keywords: State, Market, Regulator, Freedom

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The Relationship between the State and Voluntary Sector: Initiatives Taken By NGOS in Delivering Social Services
Divya M. S. Research Scholar, Dept. of Business Administration, Mangalore University, Mangalore This paper explores the relationship between the state and the voluntary sector and the initiatives taken by NGOs in delivering community services to the society. State and market are the two main aspect of Indian economy. The main aim of public sector is to provide basic government services to the people in the society. The private sector is owned and managed by the private individuals but it is controlled by the state. Along with these two sectors voluntary sector emerged in the early nineties to examine the space between the state and the market. Initially, the term third sector was referred to a kind of non profit institutions and service activities in U.K and USA, that were not governmental or for profit. The voluntary sector also termed by different names such as philanthropic sector, charitable sector, non profit sector, social economy, charitable institutions covering charitable and philanthropic activities, nongovernmental organisations etc. The voluntary sector as a converging sector tries to bring together the objectives and ideals of diametrically opposite institutions, i.e. the state and the market. The voluntary sector acts as an intermediary agent between the state and the market to fill the gap in these two sectors by rendering community services to the society for the well being of people. The gap between the state and the market enlarged because of the introduction of globalisation, subsequently the state has lost its significance and strength. In a subsequent situation the market has grabbed the opportunity and became supreme in the economy. Consequently people are not protected by the state or the market and these people are protected by the third sector institutions. The voluntary sector is established with an intention to solve the societal problems relating to poverty, education, health, environment, public housing, youth development, animals protection, betterment of disabled, etc. The state and the voluntary sector play an important role in serving the society to solve societal problems. The NGOs are taking positive initiatives to render services to the community and playing a significant role in the modern India. The NGOs are running parallel to government organisation and supplementing the activities of the government. This paper makes an attempt to discuss the initiatives taken by NGOs in India in delivering social services. Keywords: State, Voluntary sector, NGOs, Initiatives.

26

State and the Market Debate and Developments

Dr. V. Basil Hans Associate Professor of Economics and Co-ordinator, PG Studies, St Aloysius Evening College, Mangalore Time and again we are reminded that capitalism is more about competiveness and its advantages than ownership. Critics say that what we find today is not planning for people but planning for capital. Does this auger well for Indias faster and more inc lusive growth? That way even in the classical capitalist growth theory does not preclude petering of growth. State activity then is necessary to make stationary state a state of activity if not of growth. There is entry for state in the market. The State has evolved, so has its functions, the latter often overlapping. The changes have been more in domain than in direction in general. From the era of laissez faire to state socialism and then to neo-liberalism, in every phase and every reform, market has been the crux of the matter. Again from non-interventionist, free market policy to public distribution and to the present privatisation bogey and further to the need for market/globalisation management, the debate goes on. While some pay eulogy to the market pointing out state failure, others hail the government (state) pointing out the market failure. That means the solutions lie in finding the right balance between the state and the market which is precisely what China and India are trying to do now. Although the debate state versus market per se is an old one, the recent changes in the international political economy have deepened the debate. More generally, the trends of the past decade have generated considerable debate about the role of knowledge, transnational corporations (TNCs), and multilateral institutions as vehicles for promoting growth and development. While the virtues of economic globalisation and the liberal market-oriented ideology continue to reign, evidence abounds of an increasing unease with the effects of unbridled market forces. In India for instance, besides the visible ills of globalisation (and/or marketisation) including ecological imbalance, the perceived ones also have made the both the central and state governments to go in for more and more safety nets and public programmes like food security, job guarantee, direct cash transfer etc, in the name of market regulation. The present paper while considering some theoretical insights to the debate, tries to make a conscious decision to seek modern expressions of the major perspectives, viz., liberalism, economic nationalism, and structuralism. This paper also tries to examine how as Geoffrey Underhill feels state and market make up a matrix or a condominium, i.e. an integrated ensemble of governance in order to move in a more welfare -oriented and redistributive direction. Keywords : Globalisation, Governance, India, Market, Security, State
27

Reforming the State: A Study on Market Transition and Societal Transformation in India
Dr. Vanishree Joseph Associate Professor, Justice K.S.Hegde Institute of Management, Nitte The far-reaching institutional change and societal transformation occurring in developing countries have attracted new social science interest in transition economies. This paper reviews recent research on India, highlighting the theoretical arguments and findings of general interest to social scientists. The paper argues that a paradigm shift is taking place within research on India, from state-centered analysis to a theoretical approach that locates causal forces within a macro societal framework. Within a macro societal framework, state is viewed as a distinctive institutional arrangement in which society, economy, and the state are integrated through society-wide redistributive arrangements. Forces in economic and political change emanate not only from political actors but also from economic and social actors as well. The paper reviews work in which a macro societal approach is used to address stratication, societal transformation, and marketization in reforming Indian state socialism. The institutional changes that constitute market transition occur at national, regional, and local levels. At the national level, state policy in the implementing of economic reform has involved critical changes in legal-regulatory arrangements (i.e. decentralization, enterprise reform, legal and regulatory reform) and changes in the role of political institutions. Because prior economic development and state policy implementation differ widely in a country as large as India, and regional variation in the rate and extent of institutional change must also be taken into account. At the local level, institutional change centers on alterations in the structure of social networks and institutional arrangements buttressing economic action. Departures from dependence on vertical connections with government officials are often accompanied by greater reliance on social networks linking economic actors within and across communities. Such changes involve shifts in social norms and customary practices. In short, the emergence of a market society is not limited to the growth of markets conceived narrowly as a medium of economic exchange. Fundamentally, market transition entails a society-wide transformation involving interdependent changes in state policy and regulation, economic institutions (i.e. markets, property rights, and contracts), and informal norms and social networks that embed economic action.

28

Impact of Government Intervention in Indian Market

Akshatha B.G. Lecturer, Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Commerce, Jnana sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta India shining through effective intervention of State This paper concentrates on the role and impact of Governmental intervention in the different markets of India. Government intervenes in each and every sphere of the economy like agriculture market or food grains market, security and financial market, foreign exchange market and health and hospitality industry etc. This is mainly because to attain two goals: social efficiency and equity. Social efficiency is achieved at the point where the marginal benefits to society for either production or consumption are equal to the marginal costs of either production or consumption. Laws can be used to regulate activities that impose external costs, to regulate monopolies and oligopolies, and to provide consumer protection. Legal controls are often simpler and easier to operate than taxes, and are safer when the danger is potentially great. However, they tend to be rather a blunt weapon. Regulatory bodies can be set up to monitor and control activities that are against the public interest (e.g. anti-competitive behaviour of oligopolists). They can conduct investigations of specific cases, but these may be expensive and time consuming, and may not be acted on by the authorities. With the active participation and timely intervention of the Government in the various markets leads a proper control and effective functioning of the different market. Keywords: Agriculture Market, Foreign Exchange Market, Government Intervention, Law & Regulations and Regulatory Bodies etc.

29

Historical View of Market, Marketing Function and Functionaries with Special reference to Indian Agricultural Market
G. R. Joshi, M.com, M.phil., Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce and Management, Government First Grade College, Shikaripura This paper analyses the functions of Indian Agriculture market and also study the marketing channel adopted by farmers for selling the products. The agricultural marketing system in India operates primarily according to the forces of supply and demand in the private sector. Indian Government intervention is limited to protecting the interests of producers and consumers and promoting organized marketing of agricultural commodities. In 1991 there were 6,640 regulated markets to which the central government provided assistance in the establishment of infrastructure and in setting up rural warehouses. A network of cooperatives at the local, state, and national levels assist in agricultural marketing in India. The major commodities handled are food grains, jute, cotton, sugar, milk, and areca nuts. Established in 1958 as the apex of the state marketing federations, the National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India handles much of the domestic and most of the export marketing for its member organizations. The Indian government has adopted various measures to improve agricultural marketing. These steps include establishing regulated markets, constructing warehouses, grading and standardizing produce, standardizing weights and measures, and providing information on agricultural prices over All India Radio (Akashvani), the national radio network and television. The role of Food Corporation of India is also very pertinent since its establishment in 1965. All these interventions for agricultural marketing are discussed in this paper.

30

The Market for Green Buildings in Emerging India A Literature Review and Research Agenda
Sunitha Lizzie Pereira Research Scholar, Dept of Business Administration, Mangalore University, Mangalore Dr. Mustiary Begum Professor, Dept of Business Administration, Mangalore University, Mangalore The buildings in which we reside and work protect us from natures extremes, yet they also affect our health and environment in countless ways. Buildings have a significant impact on the environment and human health. As the environmental impacts of building activities become more apparent, a movement called Green Building is gaining momentum in India. Green buildings transform the way buildings are designed, built and operated to create more comfortable, healthier and sustainable built environments while reducing energy and water consumption, greenhouse gas emission and solid waste generation. Green buildings reduce costs, increase value, and achieve more predictable results in the design, construction, and operation of built environments taking life cycle of buildings in a holistic sense. It includes consideration like, where building materials are sourced from and where they go after use, what the energy and water sources are and how they affect the buildings surroundings. Green Buildings bring together a vast array of practices and techniques to reduce the impacts of buildings on environment and human health. Sustainable building design concepts are increasingly being incorporated into building design and construction through green building rating systems. In the light of above, this paper makes an earnest attempt to gain insight into the various concepts and critically examines the relevant literature on market situation for Green Buildings and provides broad guidelines for the future research. Keywords: Green Buildings, Sustainable Built Environment, Green Building Life Cycle, Green Building Rating Systems

31

Polytechnics of Rural India- A Case Study the Community Development Scheme of NRAM Polytechnic, Nitte.
Roshan Belloor Lecturer, Mechanical Engg Dept, NRAM Polytechnic, Nitte There are various types of polytechnics in India- Government polytechnics, Government aided polytechnics, private polytechnics, womens polytechnics etc. Polytechnic education aims at offering three years diploma courses in technical and non technical areas. A case study of NRAM Polytechnic is taken into consideration as it enjoys the status of a rural polytechnic and is also involved in the scheme of community development through polytechnics which is an initiative of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt of India. The Confederation of Indian Industries (CII) had proposed to make education sector open for profit making. The HRD minister, Kapil Sibal has asserted that the Government will never allow profiteering in education that would go as dividends to the shareholders. The scheme of community development through polytechnics in NRAM polytechnic is an ongoing scheme. AICTE approved polytechnics are considered to be a viable vehicle for providing the intended services. The rationale for choosing AICTE approved Polytechnics for the implementation of Scheme of Community Development through Polytechnics is based on the fact that AICTE approved Polytechnics are equipped with the following type of resources: i. Polytechnics are equipped with physical facilities in the form of buildings, lecture halls, laboratories, workshops, hostels etc. which could be used as Knowledge and Skill Centres for rural community and slums dwellers; ii. Polytechnics have qualified and trained faculty who can scientifically formulate, implement and monitor community oriented programs and projects especially where the activity of adoption of appropriate technology is involved; iii. Polytechnics have technicians and craftsmen whose services can be utilized to some extent for imparting skill training and adoption of appropriate technologies. This study will analyze and understand the effectiveness of the Community development scheme in a Government aided polytechnic such as NRAM polytechnic and measure the efficiency of its well trained faculty in rendering vital assistance in the community development work by utilizing its own resources and partly by mobilizing the resources available at the higher technological institutions. It is a prerogative of the said Polytechnic to project itself as a social institution in a profitable education market. The research methodology will be based on primary data which will consist of a random sample survey by means of a questionnaire. The respondents will include the students acquiring training from the scheme. The secondary data will be obtained from the records of the past years, journals and through the internet.

32

Market as Social Institution with Special reference to Informal Sector

Radhakrishna, Research Scholar,Dept. of Economics, Mangalore University Shripathi Kalluraya P Associate Professor, Dept. of Economics, Mangalore University An unique feature of the informal sector is its dependence on informal arrangements for selling and buying with long periods of credit delivery i. e where immediate payments not made and a specific period of credit ranging from thirty days to ninety days is availed for and this is based on personal acquaintance or some other social factor. Informal sector goods are primarily patronised by the poor individuals. Entrepreneurs lack direct link with agents or intermediaries. According to Yankson (1992) 84 percent of the informal sector entrepreneur sold their goods and services directly to the customer. Subcontracting is undeveloped and no proper linkage with other sector. In view of the above discussion, there is a need to analyse the importance of marketing of informal sector products. In the above context, an attempt is made to highlight the role of market as a social institution to preserve the products of traditional informal sector. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the importance of marketing of informal sector products and to highlight the problems of informal sector product marketing. The major objectives of this paper are: 1) To discuss the concepts like social marketing, informal sector. 2) To analyse the marketing problems existing in the informal sector. 3) To design a marketing model for the informal activities products. The paper is descriptive and analytical in nature. Descriptions of related issues are based on secondary data and information. Analyses of related issues are carried on the basis of primary data collected in D.K. District of Karnataka state. After identifying the prominent activities in informal sector, primary data is collected through survey method from the sample respondents. The marketing problems of informal sector products are also analysed.

33

Privatisation of Water Resource Management: Looking Beyond Profiteering

Jagadisha Bala Research Scholar and Associate Professor, Govt. First Grade College, Haleangadi Dr. Y. Muniraju Professor, P.G. Dept. of Commerce, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri The right to clean and safe drinking water has been already recognised at the international level. In 2010, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a draft resolution recognising access to clean water and sanitation as a Human Right and India voted in favor of this resolution. Despite Indias obligation under the UN and the water crisis, India has described water as a basic human need in its National Water Policy (NWP), 2012 and intends to privatize it. Water is not referred to as a human right anywhere in NWP. The NWP calls for the State to begin gradual withdrawal from the role as service provider and shift it to regulation and control of services. The service provision would shift to private sector with an appropriate public-private partnership (PPP) model. In both the NWP and documents produced by various government departments and the World Bank, there is an increased emphasis on the private sector participation in water services. Big corporations such as Suez-Degroment, Veolia, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Tata, Reliance and many others are in the business of water, sewerage, bottled water, beverages, etc. with different forms of public-private partnership. The problems with privatisation centre on questions of equity and access, and the denial of water justice to poor and working class neighbourhoods in the cities that cannot pay higher water charges. Communities have successfully fought attempts to privatise water distribution and related activities in various cities and countries. At this backdrop, the present paper discusses the various issues associated with privatisation of water resource management.

34

Indian Market and Its Role as Social Institution

Prathima Student II MBA (HR), Department of Management Studies, Sir M.VIT, Bangalore Market is a mechanism of social coordination that today shapes our thoughts and societies more powerfully than anything else. Until 80s, products and services offered in the market were solely on the self-interest of making profit to the organisation and to its stake holders. The new era bought innovative minds and more competitors to the market (and also the result of environmental exploitation), which indeed led to construction of concept of market as a social institution. Even though a deed performed in the name of Corporate Sustainable Responsibility can directly be related to the nature and brand of the company, it eventually results in the betterment of the society. This paper will discuss the role of Indian companies in changing the society and its contribution to the concept of market beyond profiteering.

35

Corporate Social Responsibility-A Comparative Study

Sangita Biswas, Shrimani. K Assistant Professor, Dept of Management Studies, K.V.G College of Engineering, Sullia Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms. In some models, a firm's implementation of CSR goes beyond compliance and engages in actions that appear to further some social good, beyond the interests of the firm and that which is required by law. CSR is a process with the aim to embrace responsibility for the company's actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere who may also be considered as stakeholders. Many companies believe they have a responsibility to "give back" to society. This focus includes contributions of time and money, a duty to provide environmentally friendly products and services, and a desire to improve the lives of individuals here and around the globe. Such socially responsible companies see to it that this "consciousness" permeates everything they do. The following companies stand out as prime examples of how social responsibility can be productively coupled with sound strategies to advance goodwill, while building sustainable and impressive businesses. They provide the leadership to demonstrate how marketers can pursue both objectives simultaneously and prove themselves as a social institution beyond profiteering Infosys Infosys is committed to contribute to the society and established the Infosys Foundation in 1996 as a not-for-profit trust to support social initiatives. The Foundation supports programs and organizations devoted to the cause of the destitute, the rural poor, the mentally challenged, and the economically disadvantaged sections of the society. The Foundation also helps preserve certain cultural forms and dying arts of India. Jindal Jindal believes in building relationship both internally and externally. The organization is committed to protect health and safety of their employees and community .Their efforts always have been focused on developing incident free operational environment. Their various initiatives include opening up of School, hospital and adaptation of village in and around the plant. It is by adhering to social values and commitment to the society and are able to prosper and look forward to contribute more in the years to come. IBM IBM has developed a thoughtful, comprehensive approach to corporate citizenship that aligns with IBMs values and maximizes the impact as a global enterprise. They focus on specific societal issues, including the environment, community economic development, education, health, literacy, language and culture.

36

Capitalism to Conscious Capitalism to Conscience Capitalism: The Evolution of an Economic System

Dr. L. Sridhara Murthy, Ph.D., Professor (Economics), Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, (Amrita Viswavidyapeetham), Bogadi, Mysore Markets have established as far back as history goes. But markets, whether they are exchanges between primitive tribes where objects are casually dropped on the ground or the exciting travelling fairs of the middle ages, are not the same as market system. The market system is not just a means of exchanging goods. It is a mechanism for sustaining and maintaining an entire society. Such a mechanism has been undergoing tremendous changes especially during the latter half of 20 th Century, more so during the 1990s. The traditional Market Economy, or to use a more political economy based expression - Capitalism, has been seeing perceptible changes. The Paper intends to explore the main contours of the emerging paradigms. The first is already making waves in the West, especially, the United States of America in the form of Conscious Capitalism. A more refined form of this version of capitalism, which the author calls, Conscience Capitalism also needs closer examination. In the prologue to the book Firms of Endearment: How World -Class Companies Profit from Passion and Purpose Rajendra S. Sisodia, David B. Wolfe, and Jagdish N. Sheth (Pearson Prentice Hall, Feb.2007), the authors contend that the 21 st Century is witnessing historic transformation of capitalism. This is billed as a movement that will change the underpinnings of modern business, taking companies away from the sole pursuit of shareholder value to an order where the interest and benefits of all stakeholders in a company employees, partners, community and shareholders are considered equally. Since the launch of the book, the movement is now referred to as Conscious Capitalism. It was formalised in July 2009, when the Conscious Capitalism Institute was set up at Massachusetts, USA. The Indian Chapter has also been launched. How relevant is this theory in the Indian context when viewed from the prism of Indian corporate entities needs to be analysed. The author feels that a more refined form of Conscious Capitalism which he calls Conscience Capitalism is the need of the hour. The author would like to view this in the context of new Companies Bill, which has got the assent of the President of India. Keywords: Capitalism, Conscious Capitalism, Conscience Capitalism

37

Market and Social Institutions: A Sociological Dimension

Dr. C. Venkatachalam, PhD Professor & Head, Department of Sociology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu Market is a unique phenomenon which brings people together to buy or sell their products to maximize the profit and happiness. As a functional unit market is in a position to help the social institutions. The different kinds of market prevail in our country depending upon the local and non-local needs. The farmers market which is one among them which brings many farmers and vendors to sell their vegetables, fruits, green leaves etc., within a short duration which normally consists of three to four hours in the early morning every day. The attraction of such markets in Tamil Nadu is the sellers who normally have no previous market experience but they develop needed rapport with the regular customers who come from families and small shops. Their interaction is a contributory factor to built-up the cordial relationship between them. The farmers market provides a comfortable platform to maintain the social institutions and achieve methodological strategies such as keen observation on knowing the comparison of the prices between the different markets and helps small shop owners in the residential areas. The farmers market is a kind of social networking system which strengthens the motivation to visit the market again and again. The characteristics of buyers are purely dependent up on the social institutions perspective. The market itself is a social institution on the one hand and it develops other such institutions to grow in a right direction. The availability of products, the storage capacity and selling skill of the vendors are three components playing a vital role in framers market. The farmers market is functioning within the characteristics of building the morale, self-confidence and trust among the buyers and sellers in all possible ways. As a chain of activity it helps many social institutions to maintain the best net working system. In order to bring out the best from the buyers and sellers the fixed minimum cost is being carried out periodically to avoid the inconveniences. In this context, the paper throws its lights on the existing relationship between the social institutions likes family, religion, education and marriage with the farmers market.

38

Corporate Social Responsibilities of Companies in India

Arpitha Beryl Vandya Students II MBA, JKSHIM, Nitte In India, the term CSR was mostly misunderstood as writing cheques for welfare programs and nongovernmental organization. With the history of business involvement in social causes for national development by considering it has social duty or charity, with developing ages its nature has been changed and today it is generally known as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).CSR has become increasingly prominent in the Indian corporate scenario because organization has realized that besides growing their business it is also essential to build trustworthy and sustainable relationship with society at large. Companies like TATA and BIRLA have been imbibing the case for social good in their operations for decades long before CSR become a popular cause. Inspite of having such life size successful examples, CSR in India is in a very nascent stage. It is still one of the least understood initiatives in the Indian development sector. It is followed by a handful of public companies as dictated by the very basis of their existence, and by a few private companies, with international shareholding as this is the practice followed by them in their respective foreign country. Thus the situation is far from perfect as the emphasis is not on social good but rather on a policy that needs to be implemented. A lack of understanding, inadequately trained personnel, non availability of authentic data and specific information on the kinds of CSR activities, coverage, policy etc. further adds to the reach and effectiveness of CSR programmes. But the situation is changing and CSR is coming out of the purview of 'doing social good' and is fast becoming a 'business necessity'. The 'business case' for CSR is gaining ground and corporate houses are realizing that 'what is good for workers - their community, health, and environment is also good for the business'. CSR has even on occasion attracted criticism for being insensitive to local priorities and the basic livelihood needs of people in developing countries, particularly where CSR codes of conduct are perceived as barriers to market access for some producers. At this backdrop, this paper analyses the nature and scope of CSR activities of Indian companies.

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Wealth at the Bottom of the Pyramid- An Ethical Perspective

Rayan DSouza Asst. Professor, MBA, AIMIT, St. Aloysius College, Beeri, Mangalore Dr. Beena Dias Professor, MBA, AIMIT, St. Aloysius College, Beeri, Mangalore Dr. Rowena Wright Dean (Academics), MBA, AIMIT, St. Aloysius College, Beeri, Mangalore The Indian rural market, with its vast size and demand base, offers great opportunities to marketers. More than 70 per cent of the countrys consumers are in the rural market and more than half of the national income is generated from these markets. With the reach of education and technology into the bread baskets of India, the rural population has become the apple of the eye for the exhausted urban marketers and producers. However, one should remember that profit should not be the ultimate goal when penetrating into these areas. Instead, the focus should be on serving rural markets as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility, thereby promoting the rural welfare and raising the standard of living. While on the one side its a treasure island for the market explorers, it also is the pandoras box for the market adventurers. Probing into these opportunities, the marketer may sometimes be tempted to exploit/ manipulate the rural consumer. This paper aims to present an ethical introspection, that looks into the deontological, distributive and corrective justice aspects in the forbidden fruit strategies of the marketers and thus result in a win -win situation for both the marketer and the rural consumer. Keywords: Rural marketing, Deontological Justice, Distributive Justice, Corrective Justice, System thinking Laws, System Archetypes

40

Role of Self Help Groups in Enhancing Wealth Creation of Economy

Sumitha P.V Assistant Professor, MBA, AIMIT, St. Aloysius College, Beeri, Mangalore Prathibha M.S Assistant Professor, MBA, AIMIT, St. Aloysius College, Beeri, Mangalore Harinakshi Lecturer, MBA, AIMIT, St. Aloysius College, Beeri, Mangalore Give a man a fish and you feed him a day but teach him how to fish and you feed him a lifetime -Maimonides

Rural people often have just hand to mouth existence and have few reserves for major expenses. They need to save and borrow to meet expenses. But borrowings have serious limitations in terms of cost, risk, and convenience. Rural women play a significant role in the domestic and socioeconomic life of the society and therefore, national development is not possible without developing this segment of the society. Micro-credit intervention programme has been well-recognized world over as an effective tool for poverty alleviation and improving socio-economic conditions of rural poor. The idea behind the credit availability is mainly to build capacities, confidence and self sustenance along with economic and social development. Lending institutions will not lend to people unless they have some kind of security for the loan, to ensure that if it is not paid back, the bank or other institution will be able to recover part of the debt. The success of the rural development depends upon the active participation and willing cooperation of the rural people through Self Help Groups (SHG) and India, has also adapted SHG approach to financial intermediation. The approach combines access to low-cost financial services with a process of self management and development for the women who are SHG members. SHGs, in many ways, have gone beyond the means of delivering the financial services as a channel and turned out to be focal point for purveying various services to the poor. This paper makes an attempt to study the role that local institutions like Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the formation of Self Help Groups. The paper focuses on the role of SHGs helping rural poor in capital formation by various means. Keywords : Self Help Groups (SHG), Non Governmental Organizations (NGO), MicroCredit, Capital Formation.

41

Review of Competition Law and Policy in India and The Role of CCI in the Promotion of Competition Advocacy
Swati Ghildiyal Jaskaran Singh Bhullar Students, Campus law Centre, Faculty of Law, Delhi University India embarked on a new trajectory of economic liberalisation in 1991. The reforms initiated, recognised the need for removing various fetters on trade and industry as to accelerate competition in the market. Liberalization, if not accompanied by competition laws and policy aimed at controlling economic behavior and structures, can result in substantial price increases and reduced benefits for the overall economy. The aim of the competition policy is to create a framework of policies and regulations that will inform other policies to facilitate competitive outcomes in the market. Competition law is a subset of competition policy. It prohibits and penalizes anti-competitive practices by enterprises functioning in the market and addresses market failures. They are not synonymous but complementary in nature. The objective of this paper is to critically analyse the provisions of the Indian competition Act, 2002 and to examine the role of CCI, the Indian competition regulatory authority, as a watch dog and in levelling the field for competition by performing the role a competition advocate. Indian competition law broadly operates on four limbs. First, the prevention of anti-competitive practises, second prohibition of the abuse of dominant position, third regulations of the combinations and mergers of enterprises that may or may not create monopoly and fourth the promotion of competition advocacy. For a proper and systematic analysis, we have divided the paper into two parts. In the first part, we have discussed the first three limbs of the law, by giving an overview of the relevant provisions in the Act. The questions as to the detection of cartels, determination of the relevant market and the assessment of the market power, often need inputs from economics for their determination. We further seek to analyse th e impact of overseas mergers and the acquisitions of the domestic enterprise by foreign investors on the domestic competition. In the second part, we have discussed the fourth limb, the promotion of competition advocacy. The Competition law alone is not sufficient. There is a need to engage in advocacy with stakeholders, including public institutions, in order to build a culture with the objective to strengthen the competition awareness and culture among the market players, thereby encouraging self-compliance and reducing the need for direct action against erring enterprises. In the absence of a competition policy, by giving the mandate of competition advocacy to CCI under Section 49, legislature has tried to fill the gap by empowering the CCI to participate in the formulation of economic policies of the country. Research methodology employed is doctrinal. Secondary sources of information have been used. Various articles, essays, commentaries, research papers, books and case laws on the subject have been relied upon.
42

A Study on Limiting the Social Media Vehicles in Educational Markets at Mangalore District
Raghavendran V A.I.E.T, Moodbidri, Karnataka and INDIA The proposed study tries to investigate on the limitations imposed on social media vehicles such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Youtube, Twitter etc... in educational institutions at Mangalore district. The purpose of this study is to know the key factors for the limitations imposed by educational institutes. The paper also deals with advantages and disadvantages of limitations imposed on the educational institutes. It also examines the satisfaction level of the students towards limitations poised by institutional authorities. The paper used a combination of two methods of data collection. Data are collected through a Focus Group Discussion and questionnaire survey method. The first method served as the basis for the design of questionnaire survey method and other being secondary data such as books, articles, papers etc. Keywords: Social Media, Focus Group, Communication of Marketing and Educational Institutes

43

Limitations of Indian market and Its Effects on Entrepreneurs

Kishan Kumar M.D Student, Department of Management Studies, Sir M.VIT, Bangalore Entrepreneurship has been a hot topic in every B-School in India. An entrepreneur needs to have certain qualities such as, perseverance, endurance, patience, optimistic mind set and most importantly passion about achieving a dream. In India, everyday an entrepreneur is born and at the same time, every day, an entrepreneur loses his passion along with patience. And this is because among many reasons, limitations of Indian market place a major role. The main objective of this paper is to throw light upon the current limitations of Indian market and observe its effects on the existing and emerging entrepreneurs in India. Also, to suggest certain solutions for the same. Keywords: Limitations of Market, Entrepreneurship, Indian Entrepreneurs.

44

Role of Electronic Human Resource Management (EHRM) in Delivering Public Delivery Services A Case Study in Andhra Pradesh
K S Vijaya Sekhar Research Scholar (PhD), Dr B R Ambedkar Open University, Hyderabad Technology development, around the globe setting up a benchmark for future generations coining two phrases namely, pre and post digital era. Organizations which are maintaining manual book records, processing applications are looking for computerization for better service delivery. Thus, governments using Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are becoming champions in the delivery market. In the process, the additional efforts adopted by government officials transforming from conventional stage to ICT phase is commendable. Henceforth, citizens are able to avail transparent and speedy services with multiple options. If it be an employee, business person, student, worker or a teacher; all sets of people availing government services using somewhat technology whether it is to access information or to avail a service or to make a transaction. India has several organizational constraints when comparing to other developed countries some of them are: socio-cultural, geographical, infrastructural and other resources. One aspect is that overcoming such barriers by governments and implementers of electronic governance projects more important in delivering efficient services. The paper highlights such issues by enlightening primary survey results and possible solutions.

Keywords: Online Services, Government Services, Public Service Delivery

45

Competition Policy in India With Respect to M&As

Shejal Verma Anubha Shrivastava Students, National Law Institute University, Bhopal This paper proposes to study the competition policy of India with respect to Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As, referred to as Combinations under t he Competition Act, 2002) in India. M&As today have assumed much importance in the global economy and play a direct role in a competitive market, thus invariably affecting the same. M&As on one hand provide growth opportunities for corporate. However, the other side of the coin suggests that these transactions may be effected in order to eliminate competition. Hence one cannot avoid observing the anti-competitive practices market players often resort to for eliminating competition in their field, causing an appreciable adverse effect on competition in India (AAEC phenomenon). This raises a concern for regulators to ensure that AAEC does not happen. It is argued that M&A provisions under the competition law only police combinations based on their size. Hence, smaller combinations with AAEC may be overlooked. This, among other issues, requires consideration on part of the concerned regulator (the CCI). Joaqun Almunia, the EU Competition Commissioner had observed that Companies that say they must merge to comp ete globally, regardless of the competitive consequences for the home market, are not looking at the complete picture. Without merger control, we would see many more companies buying up their competitors, weakening the competitive structure of markets, and reducing incentives to innovate. Because we have merger control, we see very few attempts to merge to monopoly. The advent of competition has undoubtedly created a market which is consumer friendly, where prices are determined by the demand-supply forces. To maintain the same, mandate on the part of the Government requires formulation and enforcement of competition law and policies. The shift towards Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalisation (LPG) led to replacing of the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969 by the Competition Act of 2002. As per the statement of objects and reasons, this enactment is India's response to the opening up of its economy, removing controls and resorting to liberalization. The natural corollary of this is that the Indian market should be geared to face competition from within the country and outside. The crux of the competition law is to promote economic efficiency using competition as one of the means of assisting the creation of market responsive to consumer preferences. The Act takes within its sweep anti-competitive agreements, abuse of dominant position and combinations (mergers and takeovers). This paper limits itself and attempts to analyse the provisions of the competition laws of India to trace out its policy regarding M&As.

46

Competition Policy in India

Nethravathi N Assistant Professor, VTU, Center for Post-Graduate Studies, Bangalore Raghavendra G Assistant Professor, VTU, Center for Post-Graduate Studies, Bangalore Ravi A Director and Head of the Department, PMC Tech, Hosur The objectives of competition policy in India are the creation of an active competitive environment and to aid and abet the process of creating globally competitive firms with enhanced investment and technological capabilities. To achieve these objectives, the government will need to play a proactive role, rather than restricting themselves to issues conventionally covered by competition law. Therefore, this paper makes an attempt to explain how government can play a proactive role. The other major objectives of this study are: To overview the competition policies of India; To measuring the effects of competition policies and its impact on production and procurement; and To analyse the impact of competition policies on marketing and promotional policies of organization Keywords: Environment, Industry, Market, Proactive Role and Investments

47

A Critical Study on Problems and Policy Perspectives of Competition in India

Kumara.N.J Research Scholar, DOS in Law, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore Dr. Maruthi.T.R Senior Assistant Professor of Law, DOS in Law, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore India is a land which has good market infrastructure and business environment. But, there is a week legal framework to govern the competition in proper manner. The stakeholders of investment climate are not governed by appropriate institutional legal system. Due to weak legal regime private investment and private commercialization have monopolized market climate. It is a great threat to the interests of the consumers and the individuals freedom of trade. Government has made many attempts to eliminate the anti-competitive environment, but, they failed in achieving the goal. Anticompetitive agreements among competitors are constraints and barriers to fair competition. To achieve the economic welfare through investment on the business and market infrastructure, the effective implementation and operation of law and policies are must. There is a weakness in the existing statutory authorities in competition assessment, identifying the constraints and development of markets. This research paper ties to find out the weakness of the authorities in taking the competitive advocacy initiatives for emerging markets. Finally tries to unearth principles of modern competition policies and suggest legal and regulatory changes to promote and sustain fair competition in markets by which the economic development of the individuals and nation can be achieved.

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Changing Role of Government in a Knowledge-based Economy

Dr. M. M. Munshi Professor and Head (R&D), Department of Management Studies and Research, Gogte Institute of Technology, Udyambag, Belgaum Knowledge has always been a precious and important engine in driving productivity, economic growth and prosperity. The rapid advancements in ICT (information and communication technology) and Knowledge-intensive service sectors have been largely responsible for the spurt of skill generation and job creations in the world economy. It is estimated that more than 50 per cent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the major economies is now knowledge-based. Sustenance of growth and prosperity entails continuous acquisition of skill sets and up-gradation. It is impossible to have sustained growth unless the economies realize that they need to be learning economies too. Knowledge based economies create a fabric of sustenance and supplementation for our burgeoning economies by creating knowledge networks and national innovation systems. The multifarious views of experts on the role of modern governments differ; it ranges from Governments adopting a laissez-faire policy to a policy of being business Governments. This paper modestly tries to decipher the role of Government in the Modern Knowledge based economy. It also tries to understand the significance, dimensions and reflections of the issue in the contemporary scenario.

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A study on Government Investment in Higher Education Sector for Developing Knowledge Workers for Sustainable Development-An Exploratory Study
Bhagya G B Vice Principal, Dr NSAM First Grade College, Yelahanka Bangalore Government being the largest service provider has a very vital role to play in the higher education sector. The LPG effect on higher education in the Indian context is systematic and has posed many challenges such as the compulsion of high enrolment rate, quality delivery system, capacity building, creation of employable graduates etc. The government looks at the expenditure on higher education as an investment and naturally return in the form of achievement of specific objectives is desired. The creation of Knowledge workers for sustainability in the knowledge economy is the order of the day. Therefore, the public money earmarked for higher education should be judiciously spent. It is quite interesting to explore that to what extent the efforts in the form of investment by the government are successful in creating knowledge workers for sustainable development. Though the Growth is tremendously increasing, (i.e. the number of graduates and post-graduates come out from colleges and other institutions every year), the development is not on phase with the size of growth. In spite of several efforts at different stages to bring modification in curriculum, delivery system, & pedagogy, the objective of creating knowledge workers for sustainable development is not completely achieved. Hence, an attempt has been made in this paper to analyze the pattern of Investment of the government in higher education sector in creation knowledge workers for sustainable development. Keywords: Education Sector, Knowledge Workers, Sustainable Development.

50

A Glimpse on GOIs E-Governance Projects

Bharath Bhushan.B Assistant Professor, Department of Management Studies, B.N.M. Institute of Technology Banashankari 2nd Stage, Bangalore E-Governance is the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for delivering government services, exchange of information communication transactions, integration of various stand-alone systems and services between Government-to-Citizens (G2C), Government-to-Business (G2B), and Government-to-Government (G2G) as well as back office processes and interactions within the entire government frame work. In todays competitive world, the role of government is very important and its role is being shifted from being a controller to being a facilitator. The nations overall development is dependent on that particular countrys political system. E -governance and ICT are one of those tools which are utilized by the government to facilitate the overall development of the country. E-governance and ICT ensures that the various decisions taken up by the government are implemented smoothly, transparent, and in an efficient and effective manner so that the target segment are benefitted out of such decisions of the government. This paper focuses on what good governance is and what e-governance and ICTs are and how both these concepts are being harnessed by the government in promoting the developmental activities by the state machineries. Also this paper focuses on the various egovernance projects being taken up by various states in India and in particular some of the egovernance projects being implemented by the Government of Karnataka. If India has to emerge as a superpower in near future, it is possible through the proper implementation of ICT and e-governance which will ensure that the decisions taken by the government agencies reach the target beneficiaries which will lead to the overall development of the country. Keywords : ICT, E-governance, Government.

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An Empirical Study on Assessment of Employability Skills Implication for University Industry Linkage
S. Gopalakrishnan Faculty Department ofManagementStudies, Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Erode V. Sukumar Student II MBA, Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Erode R. Thirunavukkarasu Student II MBA, Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Erode

Nowadays there is a vast gap between the industry requirement skills and availability of workforce skills. These days most of the learners are not focusing on knowing concept and their focus is to get mere degree. Universities also focus on theoretical study in terms of mark systems. But industries are expecting the workforce skills in terms of good attitude, commitment, self responsibility, quick learning capacity ,etc., This study analyses the employability skills implication for university-industry linkage. The major objective of the study is to identify the specific strategy engaged by colleges and departments to help the graduates in developing their employability skills. This paper also analyses the kind of employability skills senior students as well as alumni have developed as a result of their experiences in the university. Further this paper identifies preferred approaches that the academic department of the university should apply to develop employability skills. In this study both primary and secondary data were collected. The sample respondents are from students community, alumni/workers and employer s from different industry in and around Erode district of Tamil Nadu. Questionnaire was used to collect the data from various respondents for identifying skill gap between industry expectations and availability in the workforce market. By using chi square, correlation and simple percentage obtained data are analysed. Keywords: Employability Skill, Strategies, Learning, Attitude

52

Government Dole Outs and Market Failure in India

Bindu Balagopal, Head of the Postgraduate Department of Economics, Government Victoria College, Palakkad, Kerala Dr. Chacko Jose P Associate Professor of Economics, Sacred Heart College, Chalakudy, Kerala A development paradigm may sometimes have to depend on a strategy of government dole outs for continuity and efficiency. This happens, when the development model generates poverty and inequality and creates social transformation which benefits a few. The whole resources of a country are directed at increasing the wealth of the country, the growth rate of the country and the riches of the already rich. This becomes manifested when a country pours all its resources on production and marketing of products which only the rich demands. When the national income increases, all people who have entitlements over national income will have greater share. But those who have no entitlements find that they are poorer because even the free goods they took for granted like water and firewood has become commodities and have to be paid for. Government dole outs is the other side of this development strategy. Subsidies by their very nature causes market failures. Any kind of intervention in the market causes the price mechanism to stop working. An efficient market structure can be evolved only in a set up where subsidies can be stopped. But poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. And the easiest way for the government to address poverty is by dole outs. In a democracy like India where poverty is a threat faced by a sizable majority, say 359 million people, the poor become a vote bank. Dole outs to keep them idle will have to be given up for poverty alleviation as has been a strong political strategy in India. Modern economic theory like the public choice theory or the theory of political business cycles explains this very well. Ideally, subsidies can be phased out and should be phased out when a country can follow a development pattern which uses its resources for the development of all sections of the people. The now forgotten ideal of a socialistic pattern of society or a wage goods strategy can be put at the centre of development and then subsidies will no longer be necessary.

53

Study on Environment of Rural Market

Manukumari M.S Faculty, Department of commerce and management, Dr. NSAM First Grade College, Nitte, Preethika Faculty, Department of commerce and management, Dr. NSAM First Grade College, Nitte, Initially rural marketing was reckoned only as marketing of agricultural products, but today rural India is considered to be an untapped market for most of the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) and also for consumer durables due to various developmental programmes. Along with the increased income and improved standard of living, awareness and lifestyles have also changed in rural areas. To know the current environment of rural market, a survey is conducted among 100 respondents and questionnaires are distributed to those who purchase products in rural market. Questionnaires include consumers response towards many factors such as suitability of rural market to purchase different products, their feelings about the market place, infrastructure facilities in the market place, promotional activities which are adopted by the marketers, source of marketing information and distribution strategies in rural market etc. In recent years, there has been a remarkable change in the volume and pattern of rural consumption because rural consumer preferences have shifted to urban preferences. Today many factors like income, standard of living; marketers promotional activities etc influence the consumer behaviour. The peculiarities and problems of rural markets have forced the producers and marketers to rework their marketing strategies developed for the urban markets, for rural marketing. Business conglomerates are increasingly getting attracted by the immense growth potential of Indian rural markets. They have not only customized their offering to suit rural consumers, but have also devised innovative ways to convince them and please them. But still the research shows there are number of problems and difficulties in rural marketing in India. According to the present research, the biggest challenges facing rural markets are lack of storage facility, destruction in distribution, price variation between the different suppliers etc. In recent days rural consum ers are shifting their preference from rural market to other different markets for the purchase of different products. According to this study, rural market is very much important for agri-inputs like fertilizers, pesticides, seeds, sprinklers, tractors, diesel etc. The biggest challenge for the marketers is to understand the fact that the rural consumer is very different from his/her urban counterpart. Indian rural consumers are increasingly aware of products and services and they expect business to demonstrate how businesses are creating value for them. If business falls short, rural consumers will view the social bargain as a compromising factor. In this respect rural markets are vastly different from urban ones, and they demand different marketing and promotion strategies. In depth study of consumer buying pattern of the rural market is the most important prerequisite for marketers to succeed here.

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Ethical Hacking
Carol Reyna Rebello Shreya Shetty Students, MBA (IT-Marketing), JKSHIM, Nitte

The evolution of technology since 19 th century has given a broader scope for private organization, public organization and even the general public in terms of information distribution. While these organizations are anxious to join this revolution, technological advancements raise an issue of data and network security. The darker side of these developments has given an opportunity to the malicious attackers to create vulnerabilities to the system. Reducing these vulnerabilities is not limited to hardware or any computer programmes but it also includes procedures and processes for intruder detection and response, which keeps a check on system security. With the increasing need for information and network security, it is important for every organization to identify and face the security threats and come up with effective infrastructure, procedures, and security policies in order to prevent or reduce the effects of hacking. Thus the need of protecting the systems from the nuisance created by attackers is to promote the persons who will punch back the illegal attacks on the system. The process of simulating an attack by a hacker but without interrupting the systems function to identify the threats to the organization is called Ethical hacking. The word ethical hacking sounds like a contradiction in terms, because in our view hackers are not ethical. The term hacker originally meant a very gifted programmer who could hack their way through the technical problems. However, ethical hackers and malicious hackers are different from each other in terms of their roles in security. Ethical hackers use their knowledge in a productive manner and hacks with legal permission to help organisations, general public, government, etc., to secure information and network access. Ethical hacker strengthens systems and makes them penetration-proof unlike the malicious hackers who purposely indulge in cyber-crime. Thus, Ethical hacking provides an opportunity for organizations to assess the technology and to enhance the level of system safety through awareness of vulnerabilities. There is an emerging market for ethical hackers as organizations become increasingly aware of security threats. The Indian government unveiled national cyber security policy (NSCP 2013) which intends to safeguard the information in cyber space. As per this policy India will need a total of 3.5 lakh ethical hackers by 2015. With the growth of technology there is growing risk of security, which necessities the need of ethical hacking in this era of technological evolution. On the whole ethical hacking should be considered as efficient and effective means to mitigate and close security gaps and deficiencies before malicious hackers can otherwise exploit them.

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A Study on Financial Instruments and Products and Its Impact, Challenges & Opportunities
Sharan Kumar Shetty Assistant professor (Sr. Grade), Manipal Academy of banking and Insurance, Bangalore

The banking industry has shown tremendous growth in volume and complexity during the last few decades. Despite making significant improvements in all the areas relating to financial viability, profitability and competitiveness, there are concerns that banks have not been able to include vast segment of the population, especially the underprivileged sections of the society, into the fold of basic banking services. The objective of this paper, which is conceptual in nature, is to understand the relevance of technology in enhancing Financial Inclusion and to enable the adoption of technology as an instrument for the development. It is becoming increasingly apparent that addressing financial exclusion will require a holistic approach on the part of the banks in creating awareness about financial products, education, and advice on money management, debt counselling, savings and affordable credit. Technology can be a very valuable tool in providing access to banking products in remote areas. Also, banks need to redesign their business strategies to incorporate specific plans to promote financial inclusion of low income group treating it both a business opportunity as well as a corporate social responsibility. They have to make use of all available resources including technology and expertise available with them as well as the MFIs and NGOs. It may appear in the first instance that taking banking to the sections constituting the bottom of the pyramid, may not be profitable but it should always be remembered that even the relatively low margins on high volumes can be a very profitable proposition. Financial inclusion can emerge as commercial profitable business. Keywords: Banking Industry, Financial Viability, Financial Inclusion, Underprivileged, Adoption of Technology.

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Market and Government: The Need for Greater Commitment to a Broader Sense of Community
Dr. Sudhir Raj K Professor, JKSHIM, Nitte In the least two centuries since Adam Smith enunciated the view that markets ensure economic efficiency, economists have investigated the market with great care and caution. Nothing they have discovered has shaken their belief that markets are, by and large, the most efficient ways to co-ordinate and maintain stability in an economy. Added to this argument, globalization has accentuated the vitality of markets. We cannot reverse this trend. Markets are basically amoral and apolitical, they like strong decisive leadership, they generally do not cope well with uncertainty, nor do they like to be too much regulated. Historical data proves that, markets can behave quite irrationally. Politicians do have the power to discipline markets. But the sad thing is that they typically only exercise it when it is politically expected to do so. The relationship between markets and politics is very significant in the context that in 2050, India will be a capitalist economy with the bulk of the economy under private sector management. (Desai Nitin, 2013). Over the past couple of decades, Indian private sector has grown sustainably in size and scope, our markets have become more globally interconnected, but our policies has become more fragmented. It seems that we are still struggling to craft and administer social and economic policy in this radically changing environment. Against this backdrop, one may argue that it is the policy makers responsibility to build market confidence by finding the right balance between markets and regulating market forces. What can government do about this? What sort of policies will improve the situation? Can a government able to correct a market failure and improve economic efficiency? These issues will be researched at length in this paper. Finally, an attempt will be made to design a proper policy framework for the smooth operation of the market in the context of a radically changing environment.

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Facing Challenges of SME Internationalization A Study on IT Applications in Dakshina Kannada District

Ravilochan Rao Associate Professor, JKSHIM, Nitte Internationalisation has become increasingly important to the competitiveness of enterprises of all sizes. In todays environment, small and medium -sized enterprises (SMEs) that start with a global strategy can move quickly to take advantage of cross-border activities. This provides an opportunity not only for revenue growth but also the exchange of knowledge and the enhancement of capabilities that strengthen the long-term competitiveness of the enterprise. SME internationalisation can take many different forms, including exporting, the creation of alliances across national borders and the establishment of operations in other countries. Improved technology and communications have made it easier for enterprises of all sizes in various locations to do business with each other. The OECD studies reveal that globalisation of large firms and service providers has provided increased opportunities for SMEs to participate in different parts of the value chain of those firms. Better dissemination of management education and business tools has enhanced the competitiveness and quality of businesses across the spectrum. Many internal challenges create barriers to SME internationalization. According to the studies, the lack of an explicit strategy in the initial stages of the business formation, the lack of know-how with respect to international activities, identifying partners and assessing market potential etc are some of the challenges. Some of the approaches like import/export, strategic alliances/joint ventures and foreign direct investment (FDI) are the approaches for SME internationalization. Change is happening faster than ever before. SMEs need to work hard not just to cope with change, but to embrace it. This sector has to appreciate the fact that they are living in a knowledge based economy where internet and e-business are the way of living. This results in death of distance and lower transaction cost with effective distribution to meet the needs of demanding customers. Availability and use of skilled man power and running business with good corporate governance at all levels is important to any enterprise. On the one hand, trade liberalization opens up new opportunities while on the other hand it also confronts domestic firms with the threat of international competition. SMEs are increasingly facing foreign competition and need to respond to these changes. A study has been taken up to understand how well information technology is adopted by micro and small enterprises in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, India. For the purpose of study fifty small and micro enterprises in D.K district are approached with a structured questionnaire and results are tabulated and presented to understand the use of IT by these enterprises and role of IT in SME internationalization.

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An Exploration of Rumor Spread Paths The Northeast India Exodus Incident of August 2012
Onook Oh
Univ. of Warwick, UK

Priya Gupta Amrita School of Business, Bangalore, India Ashwin Rao UTS, Sydney Manish Agrawal Univ. of South Florida H. Raghav Rao SUNY at Buffalo Todays distributed information and communication technologies (ICTs) have often been viewed as technologies that can support the voluntary self-organization of citizens in coping with their own community problems in response to unexpected extreme events (such as political uprisings, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, social unrest etc.). However, few studies have recognized that these unexpected extreme events create optimal conditions for rumor spread. This study investigates the spread of a hate-rumor that resulted in the mass exodus of over 15,000 people from Bangalore and Chennai in August 2012. Our research question is as follows: (1) How are social ties related to rumor spread? (2) How are varying social ties differently represented through different types of ICTs (in terms of software and hardware)? (3) How are different types of ICTs related with different levels of hate rumor spread?

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The Many Pitfalls of Money

Maya M Ahmed JKSHIM, Nitte Benjamin Franklin once noted that Wealth is not his that has it, but his that enjoys it. This becomes a scientic truth when wealth is in the form of money. Clearly, money being just paper cannot be enjoyed unless spend. Some people derive vicarious pleasure imagining how they may spend their hard earned papermoney. The power of money is that it can be a TV, a computer, or a iphone before it is a spend. Money can be anything you want. However, money is the only valuable we know that loses value in time. This article addresses infation,that is, the decline in the purchasing power of money.

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Infrastructure Policies for Digital Economy

Moshin Ahmed JKSHIM, Nitte This paper describes the ideal secure infrastructure to enable e-commerce. The current problems faced by businesses, individuals and governments on the internet include lack of security, privacy and identity verification. This paper begins by explaining the modern mathematical and IT tools available to build robust, secure and private networks. These include public key encryption, tamper proof chips, GPS chips, secure SIM cards, and secure random number generators. The paper also examines the security and privacy requirements of some fundamental protocols used in e-business like digital cash, digital signatures, anonymous bitcoins, auditable private transactions, distributed voting, zero knowledge identity verification. Finally it shows how a robust IT infrastructure should be built and deployed using the above available tools to enable trustworthy digital economy .

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Entrepreneurship in a Growing Economy: MBA Students Perspective

Saravanan Assistant Professor, JKSHIM, Nitte Anoosha Pilar Student II MBA, JKSHIM, Nitte According to Chell and Ozkan, (2010), an entrepreneur is someone who is willing to bear the risk of a business venture where there is a significant chance for making profit. It is basically the practice of starting a business in order to earn profit on new found opportunities and is a challenging task as many businesses which start and fail to take off. Entrepreneurship has many uncertainties especially when new products are created for which there is no existing market. Entrepreneurship affects economic growth in various ways. It is through entrepreneurship that important innovations enter the market leading to new products or production process which eventually increases efficiency through bringing competition in the market and innovation as such is most important for any economy to grow i.e. innovation is of utmost importance in a growing economy. Thus, for any innovations to happen there must be entrepreneurship. Hence, through this paper we have made an attempt to study about MBA students perspective regarding entrepreneurship in a growing ec onomy. In any economy there has to be harmony between Society, Market and State because societal aspirations are to be met by the Market and this is to be empowered by State. This study is to emphasize on the roles that State can undertake in order to generate a Market based system / Economy in order to meet Societal needs Millions of Entrepreneurial classes of individuals in B Schools i.e. MBA colleges if provided with right training , knowledge of Social and legal environment in which they are and other essential requirements which are required to mould or carve them as a fully fledged Social Entrepreneur, then there is no doubt that these MBA students can be the great future entrepreneurs of our Economy. So this paper examines whether such kind of environment is really provided to an MBA graduate, which would make him/her an Ideal Entrepreneur. This has been examined by analysing the perspective of MBA students from in and around Mangalore by collecting the required data for analysis through questionnaire.

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