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Submitted to:
Madam Tajwar
Submitted by:
Muhammad Usman (08-chem-02-B)
Sand filter:
A filter in which layers of sand are used as a filter media is called sand filter. There
are three types of sand filters
Principle:
Its working depends on the principles that gravity always pulls any material
towards ground level. Using this pull of gravity this filter works.
Structure:
It consists of a large vessel
In simple gravity sand filter no mechanical power like pumps, blowers etc. are
required. There are many designs for the sand filters. Some of them are following…
Particles that are suspended in water are separated due to a no. of reasons…
a. Direct collision:
Particles just strike with sand particles and are stuck.
b. Cohesive forces:
Cohesive forces are building up between particles that do not allow the
particles to pass through the layer.
c. Surface charge:
Due to friction particles are charged. In case of negative charges particles
attract each other.
Back washing:
When the impurities are collected at surface of sand the clog the filter media for
the process to run continuously back washing is done in which water is introduced
from the bottom of the filter with high pressure. This water take up the particles
from sand and filter is again usable.