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WhatShouldBeSpecified
AssociatedAirBalance CouncilAABCStandard TypeofSystem Minimum Test 17 Pressure1,7 0.50WC (125 pa) Maximum Allowable Leakage k 2% ASHRAE2012DuctConstructionChapter SystemsandEquipmentHandbook System Condition Operating System During Construction 1.00WC (250pa) 2% TestPressure1,7 in.wc(Pa) Operating Pressure 0 5(125) 0.5 Allowable System Leakage k 5% 5%
Testpressureshouldnotexceedthepressureratingoftheduct.
7Itisrecommendedthatthepressureratingoftheductbeequaltothefanshutoffpressureifthepossibility
of ffan f shut h toff ffexists i t either ith i inVAVsystems t ori insystems t with ithsmoke/fire k /fi damper d control. t l
WhatShouldBeSpecified
AssociatedAirBalance C Council ilAABCStandard S d d TypeofSystem Minimum TestPressure
17 1,7
ASHRAE2012DuctConstructionChapter S Systems and dE Equipment i H Handbook db k System Condition Operating System Operating System During g Construction TestPressure Allowable 1,7,in.wc System y (Pa) Leakage Not Addressed Operating Pressure 2.0( (500) ) 5% 5%
2%
returnducts,andexhaust ductsystems y
1
Testpressureshouldnotexceedthepressureratingoftheduct.
7Itisrecommendedthatthepressureratingoftheductbeequaltothefanshutoffpressureifthepossibilityoffanshutoff
existseitherinVAVsystemsorinsystemswithsmoke/firedampercontrol control.
WhatShouldBeSpecified
AssociatedAirBalance CouncilAABCStandard ASHRAE2012DuctConstructionChapter SystemsandEquipmentHandbook
TypeofSystem
Testpressureshouldnotexceedthepressureratingoftheduct.
7Itisrecommendedthatthepressureratingoftheductbeequaltothefanshutoffpressureifthe
WhatShouldBeSpecified AssociatedAirBalance
CouncilAABCStandard TypeofSystem Minimum Test Pressure1,7 4.00WC (995pa) Maximum Allowable Leakage g 1%
ASHRAE2012DuctConstructionChapter SystemsandEquipmentHandbook System Condition Operating System During Construction TestPressure1,7, in.wc(Pa) Operating Pressure UpstreamBox: 4.0 (1000) Downstream Box:1.0(250) Allowable System Leakage g 5% 5%
Testpressureshould T h ldnotexceed dthe h pressurerating i of fthe h d duct. 7Itisrecommendedthatthepressureratingoftheductbeequaltothefanshutoffpressureifthe possibilityoffanshutoffexistseitherinVAVsystemsorinsystemswithsmoke/firedampercontrol. 8 Itisassumedthattheprimaryairdamperislocatedattheterminalboxinlet.Ifinsteadthisdamperis at tthe th terminal t i lbox b outlet, tl t then th the th terminal t i lbox b should h ldbe b included i l d din i the th upstream t leakage l k testing. t ti
WhatShouldBeSpecified
AssociatedAirBalance C Council ilAABCStandard S d d ASHRAE2012DuctConstructionChapter S Systems and dE Equipment i H Handbook db k
Type yp ofSystem y
0 5% 0.5%
WhatShouldBeSpecified
AssociatedAirBalance C Council ilAABCStandard St d d TypeofSystem Minimum Test Pressure1,7 6.00WC6 (1495pa) Maximum Allowable Leakage 0.5% ASHRAE2012DuctConstructionChapter S t Systems and dE Equipment i tH Handbook db k System Condition Operating System During i Construction 4.00WC (995pa) ( p ) 0% Operating System y During Construction
1
9.Manifoldedexhaustsystems
Exhaustsystemsforlabs withairvalves
10.Grease ductsystems
WhatShouldBeSpecified
AssociatedAirBalance CouncilAABCStandard TypeofSystem Minimum Test Pressure1,7 Not Addressed Maximum Allowable Leakage g ASHRAE2012DuctConstructionChapter SystemsandEquipmentHandbook System Condition Operating System During Construction TestPressure1,7, in.WC(Pa) Operating Pressure Downstream box:3.0(750) Upstreambox: 1.0(250) Allowable System Leakage g 5% 5%
7Itisrecommendedthatthepressureratingoftheductbeequaltothefanshutoffpressureifthe
WhatShouldBeSpecified
AssociatedAirBalance CouncilAABCStandard ASHRAE2012DuctConstructionChapter SystemsandEquipmentHandbook
TypeofSystem
System Condition
12.Chilledbeamprimary 2.00 WC 1%
supply
(500 pa)
WhatShouldBeSpecified
AssociatedAirBalance ASHRAE2012DuctConstructionChapterSystems CouncilAABCStandard andEquipmentHandbook
TypeofSystem
System Condition
Test Pressure1,7, in wc(Pa) in. Operating Pressure 3.0(750) Operating Pressure 3.0(750)
13.Supplyandreturn ductworklocatedoutdoors
1%
14.Exhaustductwork 14 ocatedindoors
2%
Testpressureshouldnotexceedthepressureratingoftheduct.
7Itisrecommendedthatthepressureratingoftheductbeequaltothefanshutoffpressureifthepossibilityof
fanshutoffexistseitherinVAVsystemsorinsystemswithsmoke/firedampercontrol.
WhatShouldBeSpecified
Associated A i t dAir Ai Balance B l CouncilAABCStandard TypeofSystem Minimum Test Pressure1,7 Maximum Allowable Leakage ASHRAE2012D Duct t C Construction t ti Ch Chapter t SystemsandEquipmentHandbook System Condition TestPressure1,7, in.wc(Pa) Allowable System Leakage
WhatShouldBeSpecified
AssociatedAirBalance ASHRAE2012DuctConstructionChapter CouncilAABCStandard SystemsandEquipmentHandbook
TypeofSystem Minimum Test Pressure1,7 Maximum Allowable Leakage System Condition TestPressure
1,7,in.wc(Pa)
2%
5% 5%
WhatShouldBeSpecified
ForAirHandlingUnits(AHU)withtotalstaticpressures(TSP)below 4WCIwouldsuggestthetestrequirementbe2xTSPnottoexceed 10WC S 10WC. Suggestpanel ld deflection fl i b betested dd during i the h AHU pressuretest. Instrumentationusedtomeasurethepressureacrosstheorifice tubemusthave.01WCresolution.
DeflectionTesting
DeflectionlimitofL/250shallbedemonstrated.Measurements shallbetakenatmidpointofLusingdialindicatorsreadingin 1/1000 h M 1/1000ths. Mounting i of fdial di lindicators i di shall h llbe b independent i d d of fthe h unitcasing.Multiplemeasurementsshallbemade.Dialindicator shallbemountedatmidpointofLontheseams.Lisdefinedas theheightofthelargestpanelonthesidesoftheAHU,widthofthe largestpanelacrossthetopoftheAHU,andthesmallerofwidthor heightofthelargestpanelfortheendsoftheAHU.Theseare knownasthegoverningpanels.
DeflectionTesting
Measurementsshallbespacedalongthesides,ends,andtopat midpointandquarterpointsoftheunit.Spacingshallbeadjusted tofall f llonthe h nearestfl flangeorpanel lj joint. i Any A side, id toporend dof f unitoflessthanfivefeetshallrequireonlyonemeasurementatthe center.Inordertoreducethenumberofpressurecycles,itis recommendedthatmultipledialindicatorsbeusedatthe measurementpoints.
IssuesofSealingDucttoaLeakageClassandSealClass
Case1:PriortoSMACNAHVACAirDuctLeakageTestManual,1985two id i lphases identical h of faresearch h b building ildi werebuilt b il by b different diff contractors. TheAHUsystemsweredualduct.Phase1bycontractorArequired increasingtheRPMandloadingthe125HPmotors(156amps)tomaintain thestaticpressureattheendofthesystem. system Phase2bycontractorB requireddecreasingtheRPMwhichloweredtheampdraw(92amps)to maintainthestaticpressureattheendofthesystem.
IssuesofSealingDucttoaLeakageClassandSealClass
Case2:Twoidenticaltenstoryofficebuildingswerebuiltbythesame contractors.Theoutsideair(OSA)andtoiletexhaustductrisersinthe shaftweretobesealedtosealclassAandleakageclass6. 6 Theductswere identicalsizesandhadthesamerateddesignairflow.Thespecification requiredapressuretestof3.0andleakagetonotexceed2%.BuildingA ductsealingbyteamApassedonthefirsttestineachduct.BuildingB ductsealingbyteamBfailedmanytimesandfinallypassedafter3weeks ofextrasealing.
IssuesofSealingDucttoaLeakageClassandSealClass
Case3:A96x96mainexhaustductwasdesignedfor180,000CFM.The sealclasswasAandtheleakageclasswas6.Thespecificationsrequired 1%leakageat6WC 6 WC.Thecontractortestedseveralsectionsoftheduct andfoundtheleakagetobebetween8%to15%.Theductwasinstalledin aninterstitialspaceandthetopoftheductranbetweenthebeams.An investigationdeterminedtheductsealantwasonlyappliedtothesides andnotthetopandbottom.
IssuesofSealingDucttoaLeakageClassandSealClass
Case4:Connectionofplenumboxestodiffusers.Onahardducted systemthediffuserswereconnectedtoplenumboxes.Thediffusers wereinstalled i ll dwith i hzip i screwsoneach hside. id Our O testing i found f d15% leakage.Theplenumboxeshadtobedisconnectedfromthebranch ductandthediffuserandplenumremovedtoproperlysealthe connection.Afterthediffusersandplenumboxeswerereinstalled noleakagewasdetected.
ReportingDuctLeakage
JobNumber JobName DescriptionofDuctTested PerformedBy B andWitnesses Equipmenttagordesignationoftheprimarymover DesignCFMofTestSection TestEquipmentOrificeSizeandCalibrationDate RequiredSPActualSP AllowableLeakage g inCFMDeterminedby y%ofDuctBeing gTested ActualLeakageCFM Pass/Fail Date
AnticipatedCost
Thesecostsarebasedontheassumptionthatbuildingsare designedontheaverageof1CFM/Ft2 andthecost is approximately$2.00/ Ft2
TypeofSystemFromWhat ShouldbeSpecifiedAbove Maximum AABCStandards ASHRAE2012Duct CFM Cost/Year=Leak % ConstructionChapter Cost/Year=Leak %x xCFMx$2.00 CFMx$2.00 2000 1570 25000 $80 $62.80 $1000 00 $1000.00 $200 $157.00 $2500 00 $2500.00
AnticipatedCost
TypeofSystemFromWhatShould Maximum beSpecifiedAbove CFM AABC Standards Cost/Year= Leak %xCFMx $2.00 ASHRAE2012Duct Construction ChapterCost/Year= Leak %xCFMx $2.00 $5000 $8000 $15000 $ $10000 $20000 N tAdd Not Addressed d $10000
AnticipatedCost
TypeofSystemFromWhat ShouldbeSpecifiedAbove Maximum AABCStandard ASHRAE2012Duct CFM Cost/Year=Leak % Construction xCFMx$2.00 ChapterCost/Year =Leak %xCFMx $2.00 20000 30000 200000 150000 25000 $200used.5% $0used0% $4000used1% $3000 $1000 used2% $2000 $3000 $8000 $3000 $2500
AnticipatedCost
The$2.00perCFMcamefromanestimatedvaluewhenTC5.2was analyzingterminalboxleakage.ThesamecostperCFMwasfound tobe b truei ina7400ft f 2office ffi with i h5rooftop f single i l zoneunits. i ResearchbuildingoperatorshavestatedtheircostperCFMranges between$4.00to$8.00perCFMdependingonhowmany100% OSAsystemsareservingthebuildingandhowmanyspaceshave highairchangerates.
WhatDoesASHRAEStandard90.1Addendumcq add
6.4.4.2DuctworkandPlenumLeakage 6.4.4.2.1DuctSealing.Ductworkandallplenumswithpressureclass ratingsshallbeconstructedtosealclassA,asrequiredtomeetthe requirementsofsection6.4.4.2.2,andwasstandardindustry practice(seeInformativeAppendixE)......Allconnectionsshallbe sealed,includingbutnotlimitedtospinins,taps,otherbranch connections,accessdoors,accesspanels,andductconnectionsto equipment. q p Sealing gthatwouldvoidp productlistings g isnotrequired. q Spirallockseemsneednotbesealed.Allductpressureclassratings shallbedesignatedinthedesigndocuments.
WhatDoesASHRAEStandard90.1Addendumcq add
6.4.4.2.2DuctLeakageTests.Ductworkthatisdesignedtooperateat staticpressuresinexcessof3in.wcandallductworklocated outdoorsshallbeleaktestedaccordingtoindustry acceptedtest procedures(seeInformativeAppendix p pp E). ) Representative p sections totalingnolessthan25%ofthetotalinstalledductareafor designatedpressureclassshallbetested.Allsectionsshallbe selectedbythebuildingownerorthedesignatedrepresentativeof thebuildingowner.Positivepressureleakagetestingisacceptable fornegativepressureductwork.Themaximumpermittedduct leakageshallbeLmax =CL P0.65 ,whereLmax =maximum maximumpermitted leakageCFM/100ft2 ductsurfacearea.CL=for,ductleakageclass, CFM/100ft2 ductsurfaceareaat1in.wc.P=testpressure,which shallbeequaltothedesignductpressureclassrating rating,in in.wc
Summary
Ihaveseenonseveralprojectssampleleakagetestingofthe ductworkspecifiedandthesealingofthesampleducttobebetter thantheremainingductwork.Iwouldsuggestthat100%ofthe ductworkbetested. TosaveenergyIwouldsuggestthatductworkabove3WCbe testedattheductratedpressureandnotexceed1%leakage. The Th duct d trated t dpressureshould h ldbe b what h tthe th rated t dfan f system t shut h t offpressurewouldbeifadamperfailed.Thestaticpressuresetting forthelimitswitchesmustbesetbelowthemaximumtest pressureof fthe th duct. d t Tonotpressuretestductworkandassumethesealantwillbe appliedproperlyhassavedmoneyonthefrontendbutcostthe ownerdearlythroughoutthelifeofthesystem.
QUESTIONS
IT COULD BE WORSE