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Slide 1
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Beam is symmetric y about the x y plane p All loads act in the x y plane
Slide 4
Sections originally perpendicular to longitudinal ( ) axis (y-z) i remain i plane l and d perpendicular: di l Plane sections remain plane.
Right angle
Sign convention
Positive bending moment: beam bends towards +y direction Negative bending moment: beam bends towards -y direction
Slide 5
Slide 6
LJK
x =
LDE
Maximum M i compressive i strain t i occurs on the th upper surface. f Maximum tensile strain occurs on the lower surface.
Slide 7
c = maximum distance between the neutral axis and the upper or lower surface When c is the distance to the surface in compression max = c When c is the distance to the surface in tension max = c
Slide 8
y = x y = y
z = x z = y
' = radius of anticlastic curvature = /
Slide 9
x = E x =
Ey
The normal stress varies linearly with the distance from the neutral surface.
Slide 10
dA = E x dA =
A
ydA = 0 y
A
ydA = 0
A
which is the definition of the centroid, so the just the centroid of the section. neutral axis is j
Slide 11
y x dA = yE x dA =
A A
2 y dA = M A
M=
EI
My I
x = E x =
Ey
x =
Slide 12
x =
EI
y y = z =
Radius of Curvature
Neutral Line
M=
x =
My I
Slide 13
Centroids
To match with our axis convention use centroid in the y-direction.
y=
ydA A
Centroids for common shapes p are located in the back cover of y your textbook. If a cross section shape has an axis of symmetry, then the centroid passes through p g that axis of symmetry. y y
Slide 14
y
0.5h1 h1+0.5h2
Area y
0.5h12b1 h2b2(h1+0.5h2)
b3 y3
h3
A3
h1+h2+0.5h3 h3b3(h1+h2+0.5h3)
i
A
i
Ai y i
i
h2
A2
y2
Ay y= A
i i i i
h1
A1 b2
b1
y1
y=0
Slide 15
Moments of Inertia
Moment of inertia with respect to the x-axis
I x = y 2 dA
A
Moments of inertia for common shapes p are located in the back cover of your textbook.
x x x Ix x Ix Ix Ix
Slide 16
Divide the composite shape into individual shapes. Calculate I of each shape about its own centroid. Calculate I of each shape about the centroid of the entire composite shape using the parallel axis theorem: ( I ) = ( I ) + A d 2
x i x' i i i
I x'
A1 A2 A3 b1h13/12 b2h23/12 b3h33/12
Ad
I x + Ad 2
b1h1(d12+h12/12) b2h2(d22+h22/12) b3h3(d32+h32/12)
b3
h3
A3
C3
x
d3
I x = (I x )i
i
h2
d2
x x
d1
A2
C2
h1
A1
C1
b2
b1
Slide 17
Example Problem 1
Find the location of the centroid and the moment of inertia of the section below (the moment is applied about the horizontal axis).
5 in 0.5 in
4 in
1 5 in 1.5
3 in
3 in
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The ratio I/c1 (or I/c2) is known as S, elastic section modulus. g values for S indicate a beam that is more resistant to Larger bending.
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Why?
Large portion of the cross section is located far from the neutral axis, resulting in large values of S.
Example Problem 2
A beam with cross-section like the previous example is subjected to a pure bending moment of M = -4500 inlb. Find the maximum tensile and compressi e normal stresses. compressive stresses
5 in 0.5 in
4i in
1.5 in
3 in
3 in
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