NFPA17

Standardfor DryChemicalExtinguishingSystems 2002Edition

Copyright2002,NationalFireProtectionAssociation,AllRightsReserved ThiseditionofNFPA17,StandardforDryChemicalExtinguishingSystems,wasprepared bytheTechnicalCommitteeonDryandWetChemicalExtinguishingSystemsandactedon byNFPAatitsMayAssociationTechnicalMeetingheldMay1923,2002,inMinneapolis, MN.ItwasissuedbytheStandardsCouncilonJuly19,2002,withaneffectivedateof August8,2002,andsupersedesallpreviouseditions. ThiseditionofNFPA17wasapprovedasanAmericanNationalStandardonJuly19,2002. OriginandDevelopmentofNFPA17 TheDryChemicalExtinguishingSystemsCommitteewasactivatedin1952.Atthattime, therewasnodrychemicalextinguishingsystemtestedandlistedbyatestinglaboratory,but bylate1954,asystemwastestedandlistedbyUnderwritersLaboratoriesInc.Atitsmeeting inJanuary1955,theCommitteepreparedanoutlineofastandardondrychemical extinguishingsystemsand,inthefollowingyear,preparedthestandardthatwastentatively adoptedbytheNationalFireProtectionAssociationonJune7,1956.Changestothe tentativestandardledtoapprovalofthefirstofficialNFPAstandardondrychemical extinguishingsystemsin1957.Furtheramendmentsweremadein1958,1968,1969,1972, 1973,1975,and1980.The1985editionwasacompleterevision ofthestandard.The1990 editionwasapartialrevision. The1998editionofthisstandardwasrevisedtoclarifytherequirementsforprotectionof unclosableopeningsandequipmentshutdown. Changestothe2002editionconsistofaneditorialrestructuringofthestandardin accordancewiththeNFPA ManualofStyle,aspecificreferenceforthelistingof preengineeredsystems,andasimplificationoftherequirementsforcommonducts. TechnicalCommitteeonDryandWetChemicalExtinguishingSystems EdwardJ.Kaminski,Chair CopyrightNFPA

SchirmerEngineeringCorporation,NV[SE] JohnH.Lawlor,Secretary KeystoneFireProtectionCompany,PA[IM] Rep.NationalAssociationofFireEquipmentDistributors PaulE.Buchhofer, BuildingInspectionUnderwriters,Inc.,PA[E] SamuelS.Dannaway, S.S.DannawayAssociates,Inc.,HI[SE] JackK.Dick, HeiserIncorporated,NY[M] AlanL.Hall, LossPreventionConsultants,Inc.,IL[SE] RobertKasiski, FactoryMutualResearchCorporation,MA[I] WilliamKlingenmaier, TycoSuppressionSystems,WI[M] GeorgeA.Krabbe, AutomaticFireControlsInc.,AZ[IM] Rep.FireSuppressionSystemsAssociation RolandJ.Land, RiskControlConsultants,LLC,NJ[SE] MichaelP.McGreal, FiredyneEngineering,PC,IL[SE] J.R.Nerat, BadgerFireProtection/WilliamsHoldings,MI[M] Rep.NFPAIndustrialFireProtectionSection JamesShea, KiddeFenwal,Inc.,MA[M] Rep.FireEquipmentManufacturersAssociation RichardA.Shiraishi, KemperInsuranceCompanies,CA[I] CraigVoelkert, AmerexCorporation,AL[M] KennethW.Zastrow, UnderwritersLaboratoriesInc.,IL[RT] Alternates RichardJ.Biehl, TycoSuppressionSystems,WI[M] (Alt.toW.Klingenmaier) RichardL.Lupien, KiddeFenwal,Inc.,MA[M] (Alt.toJ.Shea) NorbertW.Makowka, NationalAssociationofFireEquipmentDistributors,IL[IM] CopyrightNFPA

(Alt.toJ.H.Lawlor) JamesJ.Urban, UnderwritersLaboratoriesInc.,IL[RT] (Alt.toK.W.Zastrow) CharlesF.Willms, FireSuppressionSystemsAssociation,NC[M] (Alt.toG.A.Krabbe) Nonvoting WalterM.Haessler, TheCarlotta,CA (MemberEmeritus) EdwardD.Leedy, Naperville,IL (MemberEmeritus) JamesD.Lake, NFPAStaffLiaison
CommitteeScope:ThisCommitteeshallhaveprimaryresponsibilityfordocumentsonthe design,installation,operation,testing,maintenance,anduseofdryandwetchemical extinguishingsystemsforfireprotection. ThislistrepresentsthemembershipatthetimetheCommitteewasballotedonthetextofthis edition.Sincethattime,changesinthemembershipmayhaveoccurred.Akeyto classificationsisfoundatthefrontofthisbook. NOTE:Membershiponacommitteeshallnotinandofitselfconstituteanendorsementof theAssociationoranydocumentdevelopedbythecommitteeonwhichthememberserves.

NFPA17 Standardfor DryChemicalExtinguishingSystems 2002Edition NOTICE:Anasterisk(*)followingthenumberorletterdesignatingaparagraphindicates thatexplanatorymaterialontheparagraphcanbefoundinAnnexA. Changesotherthaneditorialareindicatedbyaverticalrulebesidetheparagraph,table,or figureinwhichthechangeoccurred.Theserulesareincludedasanaidtotheuserin identifyingchangesfromthepreviousedition.Whereoneormorecompleteparagraphshave beendeleted,thedeletionisindicatedbyabulletbetweentheparagraphsthatremain. Areferenceinbrackets[]followingasectionorparagraphindicatesmaterialthathasbeen extractedfromanotherNFPAdocument.Asanaidtotheuser,AnnexBliststhecomplete titleandeditionofthesourcedocumentsforbothmandatoryandnonmandatoryextracts. Editorialchangestoextractedmaterialconsistofrevisingreferencestoanappropriate divisioninthisdocumentortheinclusionofthedocumentnumberwiththedivisionnumber whenthereferenceistotheoriginaldocument.Requestsforinterpretationsorrevisionsof extractedtextshallbesenttotheappropriatetechnicalcommittee. CopyrightNFPA

InformationonreferencedpublicationscanbefoundinChapter2andAnnexB.

Chapter1Administration
1.1*Scope. Thisstandardincludesminimumrequirementsfordrychemicalfireextinguishingsystems thatdischargedrychemicalfromfixednozzlesorhandhoselinesbymeansofexpellantgas. 1.2Purpose. Thisstandardispreparedfortheuseandguidanceofthosechargedwiththepurchasing, designing,installing,testing,inspecting,approving,listing,operating,ormaintainingofdry chemicalfireextinguishingsystemsinorderthatsuchequipmentwill functionasintended throughoutitslife. 1.3Retroactivity. 1.3.1 Theprovisionsofthisdocumentareconsiderednecessarytoprovideareasonable levelofprotectionfromlossoflifeandpropertyfromfire.Theyreflectsituationsandthe stateoftheartatthetimethestandardwasissued. 1.3.2 Unlessotherwisenoted,itisnotintendedthattheprovisionsofthisdocumentbe appliedtofacilities,equipment,structures,orinstallationsthatwereexistingorapprovedfor constructionorinstallationpriortotheeffectivedateofthisdocument. 1.4Equivalency. Nothinginthisstandardisintendedtopreventtheuseofnewmethodsordevices,provided sufficienttechnicaldataaresubmittedtotheauthorityhavingjurisdictiontodemonstratethat thenewmethodordevicesareequivalentinquality,effectiveness,durability,andsafetyto thoseprescribedbythisstandard. 1.5UnitsandFormulas. 1.5.1 WhenaprimaryvalueformeasurementinEnglishunitsasgiveninthisstandardis followedbyaparentheticalequivalentvalueinmetricunits,theprimaryEnglishvaluestated istoberegardedastherequirement. 1.5.1.1* Metricunitsofmeasurementinthisstandardareinaccordancewiththe modernizedmetricsystemknownastheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI). 1.5.1.2 TheconversionprocedureusedfortheSIunitsistomultiplytheprimaryEnglish quantitybytheconversionfactorandthenroundtheresult(ifnecessary)totheappropriate numberofsignificantdigits. 1.6*Qualifications. Onlypersonsproperlytrainedshallbeconsideredcompetenttodesign,install,andservice CopyrightNFPA

drychemicalsystems.

Chapter2ReferencedPublications
2.1General. Thedocumentsorportionsthereoflistedinthischapterarereferencedwithinthisstandard andshallbeconsideredpartoftherequirementsofthisdocument. 2.2NFPAPublications. NationalFireProtectionAssociation,1BatterymarchPark,P.O.Box9101,Quincy,MA 022699101. NFPA70,NationalElectricalCode,2002edition.
NFPA72 ,NationalFireAlarmCode ,2002edition.

2.3OtherPublications. 2.3.1ANSIPublication. AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,Inc.,11West42ndStreet,13thFloor,NewYork, NY10036. ANSIC2,NationalElectricalSafetyCode,1993. 2.3.2ASMEPublications. AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers,ThreeParkAvenue,NewYork,NY 100165990. ASMEBoilerandPressureVesselCode,1998. ANSI/ASMEB31.1,PowerPiping,1998edition(includingB31.1a1999Addendaand B31.1b2000Addenda). 2.3.3ASTMPublication. AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials,100BarrHarborDrive,WestConshohocken, PA194282959. ASTMA53,StandardSpecificationsforPipe,Steel,Black,andHotDipped,ZincCoated, WeldedandSeamless,2002. 2.3.4ULPublications. UnderwritersLaboratoriesInc.,333PfingstenRoad,Northbrook,IL60062. UL300,FireExtinguishingSystemsforProtectionofRestaurantCookingAreas,Fire Testingof,1996. UL1254,PreEngineeredDryChemicalExtinguishingSystemUnits,1996. CopyrightNFPA

2.3.5U.S.GovernmentPublication. U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,Washington,DC20402. Title29,CodeofFederalRegulations,Part1910,SubpartS.

Chapter3Definitions
3.1GeneralDefinitions. Thedefinitionscontainedinthischaptershallapplytothetermsusedinthisstandard.Where termsarenotincluded,commonusageofthetermsshallapply. 3.2NFPAOfficialDefinitions. 3.2.1*Approved.Acceptabletotheauthorityhavingjurisdiction. 3.2.2*AuthorityHavingJurisdiction(AHJ).Theorganization,office,orindividual responsibleforapprovingequipment,materials,aninstallation,oraprocedure. 3.2.3Labeled.Equipmentormaterialstowhichhasbeenattachedalabel,symbol,orother identifyingmarkofanorganizationthatisacceptabletotheauthorityhavingjurisdictionand concernedwithproductevaluation,thatmaintainsperiodicinspection ofproductionof labeledequipmentormaterials,andbywhoselabelingthemanufacturerindicatescompliance withappropriatestandardsorperformanceinaspecifiedmanner. 3.2.4*Listed.Equipment,materials,orservicesincludedinalistpublishedbyan organizationthatisacceptabletotheauthorityhavingjurisdictionandconcernedwith evaluationofproductsorservices,thatmaintainsperiodicinspectionofproduction oflisted equipmentormaterialsorperiodicevaluationofservices,andwhoselistingstatesthateither theequipment,material,orservicemeetsappropriatedesignatedstandardsorhasbeentested andfoundsuitableforaspecifiedpurpose. 3.2.5Shall.Indicatesamandatoryrequirement. 3.2.6Should.Indicatesarecommendationorthatwhichisadvisedbutnotrequired. 3.2.7Standard.Adocument,themaintextofwhichcontainsonlymandatoryprovisions usingthewordshalltoindicaterequirementsandwhichisinaformgenerallysuitablefor mandatoryreferencebyanotherstandardorcodeorforadoptionintolaw.Nonmandatory provisionsshallbelocatedinanappendixorannex,footnote,orfineprintnoteandarenot tobeconsideredapartoftherequirementsofastandard. 3.3GeneralDefinitions. 3.3.1AuxiliaryEquipment.Listedequipmentusedinconjunctionwiththedrychemical systems,forexample,toshutdownpower,fuel,orventilationtothehazardbeingprotected ortoinitiatesignalingdevices. 3.3.2Caking.Aphenomenonthatoccurswhenmoisturechemicallyreactswithadry CopyrightNFPA

chemicalfireextinguishingagent.Thisreactionresultsinmaterialsthat,beinghydratedby moisture,sticktogethertoformalargeagglomerate,orwhatismorecommonlyreferredto aslumps. 3.3.3*CalculationandDesign.Theprocessofcomputing,withtheuseofequations, graphs,ortables,thesystemcharacteristicssuchasflowrate,pipesize,area,orvolume protectedbyeachnozzle,nozzlepressure,andpressuredrop. 3.3.4Clearance.Theairdistancebetweenextinguishingsystemequipment,includingpiping andnozzles,andunenclosedoruninsulatedliveelectricalcomponentsnotatground potential.[2001:1.3] 3.3.5DischargeNozzle.Devicefromwhichthedrychemicalisdischargedtoprovidefor suppressionofafireinthedesignatedhazard. 3.3.6Duct. 3.3.6.1BranchDuct.Theductworkthatcontainstheexhaustairfromasinglehoodor hazardarea. 3.3.6.2CommonDuct.Theductworkcontainingtheexhaustairfromtwoormorebranch ducts. 3.3.7DryChemical.Apowdercomposedofverysmallparticles,usuallysodium bicarbonate,potassiumbicarbonate,orammoniumphosphatebasedwithaddedparticulate materialsupplementedbyspecialtreatmenttoprovideresistancetopacking,resistanceto moistureabsorption(caking),andtheproperflowcapabilities. 3.3.7.1MultipurposeDryChemical.Ammoniumphosphatebasedextinguishingagentthat iseffectiveonfiresinvolvingbothordinarycombustibles,suchaswoodorpaper,andfires involvingflammableliquids. 3.3.8ExpellantGas.Themediumusedtodischargedrychemicalfromitscontainer. 3.3.9Indicator.Amechanicalorelectricaldevicethatshowswhenanextinguishingsystem oracriticalcomponentofitisreadytooperate,orifithasalreadyoperated. 3.3.10Inspection. Avisualexaminationofasystemorportionthereoftoverifythatit appearstobeinoperatingconditionandisfreeofphysicaldamage.[820:1.5] 3.3.11Lumps.Agglomerationsofdrychemicalthatdonotcrumbleintoparticleswhen droppedfromaheightof4in.(101mm)ontoahardsurface. 3.3.12Maintenance. Work,including,butnotlimitedto,repair,replacement,andservice, performedtoensurethatequipmentoperatesproperly. 3.3.13Manual. 3.3.13.1*ManufacturersListedInstallationandMaintenanceManual.Thepamphlet referencedaspartofthelistingofthedrychemicalextinguishingsystem. 3.3.13.2OwnersManual.Apamphletcontainingthemanufacturersrecommendationsfor theproperinspectionandoperationoftheextinguishingsystem. CopyrightNFPA

3.3.14OperatingDevices.Mechanical,electrical,orpneumaticdevicesinvolvedinthe operationofasystemwhetheractuatingdevicesinitiatingoperation(e.g.,automatic detectiondevicesorsystemsandmanualactuationdevices,suchasmanualpullsorstrike buttons)oroperateddevicesrespondingtotheactuation(e.g.,releasemechanisms,shutoff devices,alarms,andauxiliaryequipment). 3.3.15Operation. 3.3.15.1AutomaticOperation.Operationwithouthumanintervention.Thisoperation includes,butisnotlimitedto,heat,rateofheatrise,smoke,orpressurechange.[25:3.3] 3.3.15.2ManualOperation. Operationofasystemoritscomponentsthroughhuman action.[25:3.3] 3.3.16Pipe.Circularconduitforconveyingthedrychemicaltothedischargenozzle(s). Whereverpipeisusedinthisstandard,itshallbeunderstoodalsotomeantube. 3.3.17Recharge.Thereplacementofthedrychemicalandexpellantgas. 3.3.18SelectorValve.Adeviceusedtodirectdrychemicaltothehazardbeingprotected. 3.3.19Signal. Astatusindicationcommunicatedbyelectricalorothermeans.[72:3.3] 3.3.20Trained.Onewhohasundergonetheinstructionsnecessarytosafelydesignand installandreliablyperformthemaintenanceandrechargeservice. 3.3.21TransportCanada(TC).Hasjurisdictionoverdesignandtransportationof compressedgascylindersandcartridges. 3.3.22U.S.DepartmentofTransportation(DOT).Thedepartmentthathasjurisdiction overthedesignandtransportationofcompressedgascylindersandcartridges. 3.4SystemsDefinitions. 3.4.1DryChemicalSystem.Ameansofapplyingdrychemicalthatcanbeautomaticallyor manuallyactivatedtodischargethroughadistributionsystemontoorintotheprotected hazard.Thesystemincludesauxiliaryequipment. 3.4.2EngineeredSystem.Thoserequiringindividualcalculationanddesigntodetermine theflowrates,nozzlepressures,pipesize,areaorvolumeprotectedbyeachnozzle, quantitiesofdrychemical,numberandtypesofnozzles,andtheirplacementinaspecific system. 3.4.3HandHoseLineSystem. Ahoseandnozzleassemblyconnectedbyfixedpipingor connecteddirectlytoasupplyofextinguishingagent.[122:1.4] 3.4.4LocalApplicationSystem.Asupplyofdrychemicalpermanentlyconnectedtofixed pipingwithnozzlesarrangedtodischargedirectlyontothefire. 3.4.5*PreEngineeredSystems.Thosehavingpredeterminedflowrates,nozzlepressures, andquantitiesofdrychemical. 3.4.6TotalFloodingSystem.Asupplyofdrychemicalpermanentlyconnectedtofixed CopyrightNFPA

pipingandnozzlesthatarearrangedtodischargedrychemicalintoanenclosuresurrounding thehazard.

Chapter4Components
4.1Detectors. Automaticdetectorsshallbelisteddevicesthatarecapableofdetectingandindicatingheat, flame,smoke,combustiblevapors,oranabnormalconditioninthehazardthatislikelyto producefire. 4.2HandHoseLineandNozzleAssembly. 4.2.1*Hose.Hoselinesonsystemsshallbecoupledtothedrychemicalsupplyandshall incorporatehoselistedforthisuse. 4.2.2HoseNozzle.Ahosenozzleshallbesodesignedthatitcanbehandledbyoneperson. 4.2.2.1 Ahosenozzleshallincorporateashutoffdevicetocontroltheflowofdrychemical. 4.2.3HoseLineStorage.Thehoseshallbecoiledonahosereelorracksothatitcanbe readilyuncoiledwithaminimumofdelay. 4.2.3.1 Ifinstalled,hoselinestoredoutdoorsshallbeprotectedagainsttheweather. 4.3Nozzles. 4.3.1DischargeNozzles.Dischargenozzlesshallbelistedfortheirintendeduse. 4.3.1.1 Dischargenozzlesshallbeofadequatestrengthforusewiththeexpectedworking pressures. 4.3.1.2 Dischargenozzlesshallbeofbrass,stainlesssteel,orothercorrosionresistant materials,orbeprotectedinsideandoutagainstcorrosion. 4.3.1.3 Dischargenozzlesshallbemadeofnoncombustiblematerialsandshallwithstandthe expectedfireexposurewithoutdeformation. 4.3.1.4 Dischargenozzlesshallbepermanentlymarkedforidentification. 4.3.1.5 Dischargenozzlesshallbeprovidedwithblowoffcapsorothersuitabledevicesor materialstopreventtheentranceofmoistureorotherenvironmentalmaterialsintothe piping. 4.3.1.6 Theprotectivedeviceshallblowoff,open,orblowoutuponagentdischarge. 4.4OperatingDevices. 4.4.1 Operatingdevicesshallbelisted. 4.4.1.1 Alloperatingdevicesshallbedesignedfortheservicetheywillencounterandshall notbereadilyrenderedinoperativeorsusceptibletoaccidentaloperation. CopyrightNFPA

4.4.1.2 Operatingdevicesshallbemarkedtoindicatetheirlistedminimumandmaximum temperaturelimitations,butalldevicesshalloperateatleastfrom32Fto120F(0Cto 49C). 4.4.2ManualActuators. 4.4.2.1 Manualactuatorsshallnotrequireaforceofmorethan40lb(178N). 4.4.2.2 Manualactuatorsshallnotrequiremovementofmorethan14in.(356mm)to secureoperation. 4.4.2.3 Allmanualactuatorsshallbeprovidedwithoperatinginstructions. 4.4.2.3.1 Theoperatinginstructionsshallbepermittedtoincludetheuseofpictographsand shallhaveletteringatleastin.(6.35mm)inheight.(See 5.7.1.7.) 4.4.2.4 Allremotemanualoperatingdevicesshallbeidentifiedastothehazardtheyprotect. 4.4.3ShutoffDevices.Shutoffdevicesshallrequiremanualresettingpriortofuelorpower beingrestored. 4.4.4Valves. 4.4.4.1 Allvalvesshallbelistedfortheintendeduse,particularlywithregardtoflow capacityandoperation. 4.4.4.2 Selectorvalvesshallbeofthequickopeningtype. 4.4.4.3 Selectorvalvesshallallowfreepassageofthedrychemical. 4.5PipeandFittings. 4.5.1*General.Pipeandfittingsshallbeofnoncombustiblematerialhavingphysicaland chemicalcharacteristicssuchthattheirintegrityunderstresscanbepredictedwithreliability. Thepipe,fittings,andconnectionjointsshallwithstandthemaximumexpectedpressurein thepipingsystem. 4.5.1.1 Pipeandfittingsshallbegalvanizedsteel,stainlesssteel,copper,orbrass.Special corrosionresistantmaterialsorcoatingsshallberequiredinseverelycorrosiveatmospheres. Blacksteelpipeandfittingsshallbepermittedinnoncorrosiveatmospheres. 4.5.1.2 Forpreengineeredsystems,pipe,tubing,andfittingmaterialsshallbeinaccordance withmanufacturerslistedinstallationandmaintenancemanual. 4.5.1.3* Forallothersystems,thethicknessofthepipingshallbecalculatedinaccordance withtheANSI/ASMEB31.1,PowerPiping,1998edition(includingB31.1a1999Addenda, andB31.1b2000Addenda). 4.5.1.3.1 Theinternalpressureusedforthecalculationin 4.5.1.3shallnotbelessthanthe greaterofeitherofthefollowingvalues: (1) (2) Thenormalchargingpressureintheagentcontainerat70F(21C) 80percentofthemaximumpressureintheagentcontaineratamaximumstorage

CopyrightNFPA

temperatureofnotlessthan130F(54C) 4.5.1.3.2 Ifhigherstoragetemperaturesareapprovedforagivensystem,theinternal pressureusedforthecalculationshallbeadjustedtothemaximumpressureinthecontainer atthehighertemperature,usingANSI/ASMEB31.1PowerPiping,specifiedin 4.5.1.3. 4.5.2 Castironpipeandfittings,steelpipeconformingtoASTMA53,Standard SpecificationsforPipe,Steel,Black,andHotDippedZincCoated,WeldedandSeamless, aluminumpipe,ornonmetallicpipe,shallnotbeused. 4.5.3* Flexiblepiping(hose)shallbeusedonlyifspecifiedinthemanufacturerslisted installationandmaintenancemanual. 4.5.4 Othertypesofpipeandfittingsthathavebeeninvestigatedandlistedforthisservice shallbepermittedtobeused.Theuseofsuchpipeandfittingsshallinvolvecareful considerationofthefollowingfactors: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Pressurerating Corrosion(chemicalandelectrolytic) Methodsofjoining Resistancetofireexposureandrapidtemperaturechanges Flowcharacteristics

4.6DryChemical. 4.6.1* Thetypeofdrychemicalusedinthesystemshallnotbechangedunlessproventobe changeablebyatestinglaboratory,recommendedbythemanufactureroftheequipment,and approvedbytheauthorityhavingjurisdiction. 4.6.2 Systemsshallbedesignedonthebasisoftheflowandextinguishingcharacteristicsof aspecificmakeandtypeofdrychemical. 4.6.3* Typesofdrychemicalshallnotbemixed. 4.7ExpellantGas. 4.7.1 Carbondioxideusedinexpellantgascartridgesshallmeetthefollowingspecifications: (1) (2) (3) Thevaporphaseshallnotbelessthan99.5percentcarbondioxide. Thewatercontentoftheliquidphaseshallnotbemorethan0.01percentbyweight [30F(34.4C)dewpoint]. Theoilcontentshallnotbemorethan10ppmbyweight.

4.7.2 Nitrogenusedasanexpellantgasshallbestandardindustrialgradewithadewpoint of60F(52.2C)orlower. 4.8ElectricalWiringandEquipment. Electricalwiringandequipmentshallbeinstalledinaccordancewith NFPA70,National CopyrightNFPA

 ElectricalCode .

4.9StorageContainers. 4.9.1 Thedrychemicalcontainersusedinthesesystemsshallbedesignedtomeetthe requirementsoftheU.S.DepartmentofTransportation(DOT)orTransportCanada(TC)if usedasshippingcontainersunderpressure. 4.9.2* Ifnotshippingcontainersunderpressure,thedrychemicalcontainersshallbe designed,fabricated,inspected,certified,andstampedinaccordancewiththeASMEBoiler andPressureVesselCode,RulesforConstructionofPressureVehicles. 4.9.3 Thedesignpressureshallbesuitableforthemaximumpressuredevelopedat130F (55C)oratthemaximumcontrolledtemperaturelimit. 4.10Indicators. Drychemicalsystemsshallbeprovidedwithanindicatortoshowthatthesystemisina readyconditionorisinneedofrecharging.

Chapter5SystemRequirements
5.1UseandLimitations. 5.1.1*Use.Thetypesofhazardsandequipmentthatcanbeprotectedusingdrychemical extinguishingsystemsincludethefollowing: (1)* (2)* (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Flammableorcombustibleliquids Flammableorcombustiblegases Combustiblesolidsincludingplastics,whichmeltwheninvolvedinfire Electricalhazardssuchasoilfilledtransformersorcircuitbreakers Textileoperationssubjecttoflashsurfacefires Ordinarycombustiblessuchaswood,paper,orcloth Restaurantandcommercialhoods,ducts,andassociatedcookingappliancehazards suchasdeepfatfryers

5.1.2Limitations.Drychemicalextinguishingsystemsshallnotbeconsideredsatisfactory protectionforthefollowing: (1) (2) (3) Chemicalscontainingtheirownoxygensupply,suchascellulosenitrate Combustiblemetalssuchassodium,potassium,magnesium,titanium,andzirconium Deepseatedorburrowingfiresinordinarycombustibleswherethedrychemical cannotreachthepointofcombustion

5.1.2.1* Multipurposedrychemicalshallnotbeusedonmachinerysuchascarding CopyrightNFPA

equipmentintextileoperationsanddelicateelectricalequipment. 5.1.2.2 Beforedrychemicalextinguishingequipmentisconsideredforuseinprotecting electronicequipmentordelicateelectricalrelays,theeffectofresidualdepositsofdry chemicalontheperformanceonelectronicequipmentshallbeevaluated. 5.2MultipleSystemsProtectingaCommonHazard. 5.2.1 Wheretwoormoresystemsareusedtoprotectacommonhazard,theyshallbe arrangedforsimultaneousoperation.Operationofasingleactuatorshallcauseallsystemsto operate. 5.2.2 PreengineeredsystemsshallbedesignedinaccordancewithChapter 9. 5.3SystemsProtectingTwoorMoreHazards. 5.3.1 Wheretwoormorehazardscouldbesimultaneouslyinvolvedinfirebyreasonoftheir proximity,thehazardsshallbeprotectedbyeitherofthefollowing: (1) (2) Individualsystemsinstalledtooperatesimultaneously Asinglesystemdesignedtoprotectallhazardsthatcouldbesimultaneouslyinvolved

5.3.2 Anyhazardthatwillallowfirepropagationfromoneareatoanothershallconstitutea singlefirehazard. 5.4DryChemicalRequirementsandDistribution. 5.4.1General. 5.4.1.1* Thefollowingfactorsshallbeconsideredindeterminingtheamountofdry chemicalrequired: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Minimumquantityofdrychemical Minimumflowrateofdrychemical Nozzleplacementlimitationsincludingspacing,distribution,andobstructions Highventilationrates,ifapplicable Prevailingwindconditions,ifapplicable

5.4.1.2* Theamountofdrychemicalrequiredforpreengineeredsystemsandhandhose linesystemsshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithChapter 7. 5.4.2CompensationforSpecialConditions.Additionalquantitiesofdrychemicaland additionalnozzles,ifnecessary,shallbeprovidedtocompensateforspecialcondition(s)such ashighventilationratesorprevailingwindconditionsthatcouldadverselyaffectthe extinguishingeffectivenessofthesystem. 5.5SpecialConsiderations. 5.5.1* Wheresystemsprotecthazardsthatarenormallyheated,thepowerorfuelsupplyto CopyrightNFPA

heatersshallbeshutoffautomaticallyuponactuationoftheextinguishingsystems. 5.5.2 Wheresystemsprotecthazardsthathaveflowingflammableorcombustiblefluidsor gases,thesystemshallbeprovidedwithautomaticmeanstoensureshutoffofpowerandfuel valvesuponoperationoftheextinguishingsystems. 5.5.3 Wheresystemsprotecthazardsthathaveconveyorsmovingflammableorcombustible materialsorcommodities,theconveyorsshallbeautomaticallyshutoffuponoperationofthe extinguishingsystems. 5.5.4 Allshutoffsystemsshallbefailsafe. 5.5.5 Allshutoffsystemsshallrequiremanualresettingpriortorestorationoftheoperating conditionsexistingbeforeoperationoftheextinguishingsystems. 5.5.6 Allshutoffdevicesshallfunctionwiththesystemoperation. 5.5.6.1 Expellantgasthatisusedtopneumaticallyoperateshutoffdevicesshallbetaken priortoitsentryintothedrychemicaltank. 5.6*PersonnelSafety. 5.6.1SafetyRequirements. 5.6.1.1* Wheretotalfloodingandlocalapplicationsystemsareusedandthereisa possibilitythatpersonnelcouldbeexposedtoadrychemicaldischarge,suitablesafeguards shallbeprovidedtoensurepromptevacuationofsuchlocations. 5.6.1.2 Safetyproceduresshallprovideameansforpromptrescueofanytrappedpersonnel. 5.6.1.3 Safetyitemstobeconsideredshallinclude,butnotbelimitedto,thefollowing: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Personneltraining Warningsigns Predischargealarms Dischargealarms Respiratoryprotection

5.6.2ElectricalClearances. 5.6.2.1 Allsystemcomponentsshallbelocatedtomaintainnolessthanminimumclearances fromliveelectricalparts. 5.6.2.2 Thefollowingreferencesshallbeconsideredastheminimumelectricalclearance requirementsfortheinstallationofdrychemicalsystems: (1) (2) (3) ANSIC2,NationalElectricalSafetyCode NFPA70,NationalElectricalCode 29CFR1910S

5.6.2.3 Wherethedesignbasicinsulationlevel(BIL)isnotavailableandwherenominal CopyrightNFPA

voltageisusedforthedesigncriteria,thehighestminimumclearancespecifiedforthisgroup shallbeused. 5.7*OperationandControlofSystems. 5.7.1MethodsofActuation. 5.7.1.1 Systemsshallbeprovidedwithbothautomaticandmanualmeansofoperation. 5.7.1.2 Theautomaticandmanualmeansofmechanicalsystemactuation,externaltothe controlheadorreleasingdevice,shallbeseparateandindependentofeachothersothat failureofonewillnotimpairtheoperationoftheother. 5.7.1.3 Handhoselinesystemsshallnotrequireautomaticmeansofoperation. 5.7.1.4 Operationofanyautomaticormanualactuatorshallbeallthatisrequiredtobring aboutthefulloperationofthesystem. 5.7.1.5 Atleastonemanualactuatorshallbeprovidedforeachsystem. 5.7.1.6 Alloperatingdevicesshallbedesigned,located,installed,orprotectedsothatthey arenotsubjecttomechanical,environmental,orotherconditionsthatcouldrenderthem inoperativeorcauseinadvertentoperationofthesystem. 5.7.1.7* Areadilyaccessiblemeansformanualactivationshallbelocatedinapathofexitor egress. 5.7.1.7.1 Whenmanualactivationisusedforprotectionofhazardsotherthanmobile equipment,themanualactivationdeviceshallbeinstallednomorethan48in.(1200mm), norlessthan42in.(1067mm)abovethefloorandshallclearlyidentifythehazardprotected. 5.7.1.8 Automaticsystemsprotectingcommonexhaustductsonlyshallnotrequirearemote manualactuator. 5.7.1.9 Allremotemanualactuatorsshallbeidentifiedastothehazardtheyprotect. 5.7.1.10 Whenalistedreleasingmechanismisusedemployingasinglelineformechanical detectionandremotemanualcontrol,theremotemanualcontrolshallbeinstalledinline, priortoalldetectiondevices,sothatmalfunctionofonedoesnotimpedeoperationofthe other. 5.7.1.11 Automaticdetectionandsystemactuationshallbeinaccordancewiththe manufacturerslistedinstallationandmaintenancemanual. 5.7.2Supervision. 5.7.2.1 Supervisionofelectricallyorpneumaticallyoperatedautomaticsystemsshallbe providedunlessspecificallywaivedbytheauthorityhavingjurisdiction. 5.7.2.2 Pneumaticactuationpiping,hose,andtubingthatisnotnormallypressurizedshall notrequiresupervision. 5.7.3*Notification.Anaudibleorvisualindicatorshallbeprovidedtoshowthatthesystem hasoperated,thatpersonnelresponsemightbeneeded,andthatthesystemisinneedof CopyrightNFPA

recharge. 5.7.4ConnectiontotheAlarmSystem.Theextinguishingsystemshallbeconnectedtothe firealarmsystem,ifprovided,inaccordancewiththerequirementsof NFPA72 ,National FireAlarmCode ,sothattheactuationofthedrychemicalsystemwillsoundthefirealarm aswellasprovidethefunctionoftheextinguishingsystem. 5.8DryChemicalandExpellantGasSupply. 5.8.1Quantity.Theamountofdrychemicalinthesystemshallbeatleastsufficientforthe largestsinglehazardprotected,orforthegroupofhazardsthatistobeprotected simultaneously. 5.8.2*ReserveSupply. 5.8.2.1 Whereadrychemicalsystemprotectsmultiplehazardsbymeansofselectorvalves, sufficientdrychemicalandexpellantgasshallbekeptonhandforonecompleterechargeof thesystem. 5.8.2.2 Forsinglehazardsystems,asimilarsupplyshallbekeptonhandiftheimportanceof thehazardissuchthatitcannotbeshutdownuntilrechargescanbeprocured. 5.8.3Container.Thedrychemicalcontainerandexpellantgasassembliesshallbelocated nearthehazardorhazardsprotected,butnotwheretheywillbeexposedtoafireor explosioninthesehazards. 5.8.3.1 Thedrychemicalcontainerandexpellantgasassembliesshallbelocatedsoasnotto besubjectedtosevereweatherconditionsortomechanical,chemical,orotherdamage. 5.8.3.2 Whereexcessiveclimaticormechanicalexposuresareexpected,suitableenclosures orguardsshallbeprovided. 5.8.3.3* Thedrychemicalcontainerandexpellantgasassembliesutilizingnitrogenshallbe locatedwheretheambienttemperatureisnormally40Fto120F(40Cto48.9C). 5.8.3.4 Assembliesutilizingcarbondioxideshallbelocatedwheretheambienttemperature isnormally32Fto120F(0Cto48.9C). 5.8.3.5 Iftemperaturesareoutsidethelimitsspecifiedin 5.8.3.3and 5.8.3.4,theequipment shallbelistedforsuchtemperatures,ormeansshallbeprovidedformaintainingthe temperatureswithintheambientrangesgiven. 5.8.3.6 Thedrychemicalcontainerandexpellantgasassembliesshallbelocatedwherethey willbeaccessibleforinspection,maintenance,andservice. 5.9Piping. 5.9.1*ArrangementandInstallationofPipeandFittings. 5.9.1.1 Pipingandfittingsshallbeinstalledinaccordancewithgoodcommercialpractices. 5.9.1.2 Allpipingshallbelaidouttoproducethedesireddrychemicalflowrateatthe nozzles. CopyrightNFPA

5.9.1.3 Allpipingshallbeinstalledtoavoidpossiblerestrictionsduetoforeignmatter,faulty fabrication,orimproperinstallation. 5.9.1.4 Thepipingsystemshallbesecurelysupportedandshallnotbesubjecttomechanical, chemical,orotherdamage. 5.9.1.5 Whereexplosionsarepossible,thepipingsystemshallbehungfromsupportsthat areleastlikelytobedisplaced. 5.9.1.6 Pipeshallbereamedandcleanedbeforeassembly,and,afterassembly,theentire pipingsystemshallbeblownoutwithdrygasbeforenozzlesordischargedevicesare installed. 5.9.1.7 Pipethreadcompoundortapeshallnotbeused. 5.9.1.8 Pipethreadtapeshallbepermittedwhereinstalledinaccordancewiththe manufacturerslistedinstallationmanual. 5.9.1.9 Wherethepipeorconduitpenetratesaductorhood,thepenetrationshallhavea liquidtightcontinuousexternalweldorbesealedbyalisteddevice. 5.9.2PipeSizeandNozzleDetermination. 5.9.2.1 Pipesizesandnozzlesshallbeselected,onthebasisofcalculations,todeliverthe requireddrychemicalflowrateateachnozzle. 5.9.2.2 Forpreengineeredsystems,pipesizesandnozzlesshallbeselectedinaccordance withthemanufacturerslistedinstallationandmaintenancemanual. 5.9.2.3 Equations,orgraphsderivedtherefrom,shallbeusedtodeterminethepressuredrop inthepipelineinengineeredsystems. 5.9.2.3.1 Thedesigninformationof 5.9.2.3shallbebasedontestsperformedbythe manufacturerandshallbeconfirmedbyatestinglaboratoryitisnotrequiredin preengineeredsystems. 5.9.2.4 Alldischargenozzlesshallbedesignedandsubsequentlylocated,installed,and protectedsothattheyarenotsubjecttomechanical,environmental,orotherconditionsthat couldrendertheminoperative. 5.9.2.5 Dischargenozzlesshallbeconnectedandsupportedsothattheywillnotbereadily putoutofalignment. 5.9.2.6 Wherenozzlesareconnecteddirectlytoflexiblehose,theyshallbeprovidedwith mountingbracketsorfixturestoensurethattheycanbealignedproperlyandthatthe alignmentwillbemaintained.

Chapter6TotalFloodingSystems
6.1*General. 6.1.1 Atotalfloodingtypeofsystemshallbeusedonlywherethereisapermanent CopyrightNFPA

enclosuresurroundingthehazardthatadequatelyenablestherequiredconcentrationtobe builtup. 6.1.2 Thetotalareaofunclosableopeningsshallnotexceed15percentofthetotalareaof thesides,top,andbottomoftheenclosure. 6.1.3 Whereunclosableopeningsexceed15percentofthetotalenclosuresurfacearea,a localapplicationsystemshallbeusedtoprotecttheentirehazard. 6.1.4 Preengineeredtotalfloodingsystemsshallbepermittedtoprotectpermanent enclosureshavingunclosableopeningsgreaterthan15percent,onlywhenlistedforsuch use. 6.1.5 Deepseatedfiresinvolvingsolidssubjecttosmolderingshallbeprotectedby multipurposedrychemicalsystemswherethedrychemicalcanreachallsurfacesinvolvedin combustion. 6.1.5.1 Bicarbonatebaseddrychemicalsshallnotbeusedforprotectionagainstthetypeof firesdescribedin 6.1.5. 6.2HazardSpecifications. 6.2.1Enclosure.Inthedesignoftotalfloodingsystems,thecharacteristicsoftheenclosure shallbeasspecifiedin 6.2.1.1through 6.2.1.4. 6.2.1.1 Thetotalareaofunclosableopeningsforwhichnocompensationisprovidedshall notexceed1percentofthetotalareaofthesides,top,andbottomoftheenclosure. 6.2.1.2 Unclosableopeningshavinganareainexcessof1percentandnotexceeding5 percentshallbecompensatedforbytheprovisionofadditionaldrychemical. 6.2.1.3 Unclosableopeningshavinganareainexcessof5percentofthetotalenclosurearea andnotexceeding15percentshallbescreenedbylocalapplicationofadditionaldry chemical.(See 6.2.2.6.) 6.2.1.4 Preengineeredsystemsshallbepermittedtoprotectthepermanentenclosureswith unclosableopeningsusingdifferentamountsofdrychemicalsfromthosespecifiedin 6.2.2.6,onlywhenlistedforsuchuse. 6.2.2LeakageandVentilation.Theleakageofdrychemicalfromtheprotectedspaceshall beminimizedbecausetheeffectivenessofthefloodingsystemdependsonobtainingan extinguishingconcentrationofdrychemical. 6.2.2.1 Wherepossible,openingssuchasdoorways,windows,andsoon,shallbearranged toclosebefore,orsimultaneouslywith,thestartofthedrychemicaldischarge. 6.2.2.2 Whereforcedairventilatingsystemsareinvolved,theyshallbeeithershutdownor closedbefore,orsimultaneouslywith,thestartofthedrychemicaldischarge. 6.2.2.3* Thequantityofdrychemicalandtheflowrateshallbesufficienttocreatea fireextinguishingconcentrationinallpartsoftheenclosure. 6.2.2.4VolumeAllowances.Incalculatingthenetvolumetobeprotected,allowanceshall CopyrightNFPA

bepermittedforpermanentlylocatedstructuresthatmateriallyreducethevolume. 6.2.2.5RateofApplication.Inengineeredsystems,theminimumdesignrateofapplication shallbebasedonthequantityofdrychemicalandthemaximumtimetoobtainthedesign concentration,asdescribedinthemanufacturerslisteddesignandinstallationmanual. 6.2.2.5.1 Inengineeredsystems,therateofapplicationshallbesuchthatthedesign concentrationinallpartsoftheenclosureshallbeobtainedwithin30seconds. 6.2.2.6 Engineeredandpreengineeredsystemsintendedfortheprotectionoftotalflooding applicationsthathaveunclosableopeningswithareasinexcessof1percentofthetotalarea ofthesides,top,andbottomoftheenclosure,andnotexceeding5percent,shallbe compensatedforbytheuseofsupplementaldrychemicalintheproportionofnotlessthan 2 (2.44kg/m 2 0.5lb/ft )ofunclosedopening,appliedthroughtheregulardistributionsystem. 6.2.2.6.1 Wheretheunclosableopeningshaveareasexceeding5percentofthetotalofthe sides,top,andbottomoftheenclosure,andnotexceeding15percent,compensationshallbe 2(4.88kg/m 2 furnishedbyadditionaldrychemicalintheproportionofnotlessthan 1lb/ft )of unclosedopening,appliedsimultaneouslybylocalapplicationovertheopenings. 6.2.2.6.2 Preengineeredsystemsshallbepermittedtoprotectunclosableopeningsusing differentamountsofdrychemicalsfromthosespecifiedin 6.2.2.6,onlywhenlistedforsuch use. 6.2.2.6.3 Forventilatingsystemsthatwillnotbeshutdown,supplementarydrychemical shallbeaddedtotheprotectedvolumethroughtheregulardistributionsystem. 6.2.2.6.4 Thesupplementarydrychemicalshallbeaddedatthepointorpointsofairinlet andshallbeinproportiontothevolumeofairremovalduringtheperiodofdrychemical discharge,calculatedasifitwereadditionalvolumetobeprotected. 6.2.2.6.5 Preengineeredsystemslistedforrestauranthoodandductprotectionshallbe permittedforusewithorwithoutshutoffoftheventilationsystemorclosureofdampers.

Chapter7LocalApplicationSystems
7.1*Uses. 7.1.1 Localapplicationsystemsshallbeusedfortheextinguishmentoffiresinflammableor combustibleliquids,gases,andshallowsolids(e.g.,paintdeposits)wherethehazardisnot enclosedorwheretheenclosuredoesnotconformtotherequirementsfortotalflooding. 7.1.2 WhereanenclosureexistsandconformstotherequirementsofSection 6.1,total floodingapplicationshallbeusedasdirectedin 6.2.1.1and 6.2.2.6. 7.2HazardSpecifications. 7.2.1*ExtentofHazard.Thehazardshallbeisolatedfromotherhazardsorcombustibles sothatfirewillnotspreadoutsidetheprotectedarea. CopyrightNFPA

7.2.2 Theentirehazardshallbeprotected. 7.2.3* Thehazardshallincludeallareasthatareormightbecomecoatedbycombustibleor flammableliquidsorshallowsolidcoatingsandallassociatedmaterialsorequipmentthat mightextendfireoutsideorleadfireintotheprotectedarea. 7.2.4*Location.Thedesignofthesystemshallconsiderthelocationofthehazard,which mightbeindoors,partlysheltered,orcompletelyoutdoors. 7.2.5 Forflammableliquidfires,thenozzlesshallbeplacedtanksideoroverhead,ora combinationoftanksideandoverheadwithinthelimitsofthelisting,andlocatedtoprevent splashingduringdischarge. 7.2.6CoatedSurfaces.Coatedsurfaceareasshallbetreatedasiftheyweredeeplayer flammableliquidareas(becausenodistinctionhasbeenmadeinthisstandard). 7.2.7DurationofDischarge.Theminimumeffectivedischargetimeshallbedeterminedby therequiredminimumquantityofdrychemicalandtheminimumapplicationrate. 7.2.7.1 Minimumeffectivedischargetimeforpreengineeredsystemsshallbedeterminedin accordancewithChapter 9.

Chapter8HandHoseLineSystems
8.1SeparateSupplies. 8.1.1 Wherehandhoselinesareusedonahazardthatisalsoprotectedbyafixedsystem, separatedrychemicalsuppliesshallbeprovided. 8.1.2 Ifasingledrychemicalsupplyisusedforbothahandhoselinesystemandafixed nozzlesystem,thehazardsprotectedbythetwosystemsshallbeseparatedsothatthehand hoselinescannotbesimultaneouslyusedonthehazardprotectedbythefixednozzlesystem. 8.1.3 Handhoselinesystemsshallbepermittedtosupplementfixednozzlefireprotection systemsortosupplementportablefireextinguishersfortheprotectionofspecifichazardsfor whichdrychemicalisasuitableextinguishingagent. 8.1.4 Handhosesystemsshallnotbeusedasasubstitutefordrychemicalextinguishing systemsequippedwithfixednozzlesexceptwherethehazardcannotbeadequatelyor economicallyprovidedwithfixednozzleprotection. 8.1.5 Thedecisionastowhetherhoselinesshallbepermittedtobeusedforaparticular hazardshallbemadebytheauthorityhavingjurisdiction. 8.2Location,Spacing,andActuation. 8.2.1*Location.Handhoselinestationsshallbeplacedsothattheyareeasilyaccessibleand shallhavehoselineslongenoughtoreachthemostdistanthazardthattheyareexpectedto protect. 8.2.2Spacing.Ifmultiplehosestationsareused,theyshallbespacedsothatanyareawithin CopyrightNFPA

thehazardcanbecoveredbyoneormorehoselines. 8.2.3Actuation.Manualactuationofthedrychemicalsystemshallbepossibleateachhose linestation. 8.3DryChemicalRequirements. 8.3.1*RateandDurationofDischarge.Ahandhoselineshallhaveasufficientquantityof drychemicaltopermititseffectiveuseforaminimumof30seconds. 8.3.1.1 Theminimumflowratealsoshallbesufficienttopreventsurgingandinterrupted discharge. 8.3.1.2 Thevalueforminimumflowrateshallbeconfirmedbyatestinglaboratory. 8.3.2SimultaneousUseofHoseLines.Wheresimultaneoususeoftwoormorehoselines ispossible,asufficientquantityofdrychemicalshallbeavailabletosupplythemaximum numberofnozzlesthatarelikelytobeusedatanyonetimeforatleast30secondsandatthe appropriateflowrates. 8.3.3*OperationofHoseLines. 8.3.3.1 Thepressurizingvalveshallremainintheopenpositionduringtheentire firefightingoperation. 8.3.3.2 Thehoselinesshallbeclearedofdrychemicalimmediatelyafteruse. 8.4Training. Allpersonnelwhoarelikelytousethisequipmentshallbekeptproperlytrainedinits operationandinthefirefightingtechniquesapplicabletothisequipment.

Chapter9PreEngineeredSystems
9.1Uses. 9.1.1* Preengineeredsystemsshallbeinstalledtoprotecthazardswithinthelimitationsof thelisting. 9.1.2 Fireextinguishingsystemsreferencedin 9.1.1shallcomplywithUL1254, PreEngineeredDryChemicalExtinguishingSystemUnits,orequivalentlistingstandard. 9.1.3 Onlysystemcomponentsreferencedinthemanufacturerslistedinstallationand maintenancemanualoralternativesupplierscomponentsthatarelistedforusewiththe specificextinguishingsystemshallbeused. 9.2TypesofSystems. Preengineereddrychemicalsystemsshallbeofthefollowingtypes: (1) Localapplication

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(2) (3) (4)

Totalflooding Handhoseline Combinationoflocalapplicationandtotalflooding

9.3RestaurantHood,Duct,andCookingApplianceSystems. 9.3.1 Eachprotectedcookingappliance(s),individualhood(s),andbranchexhaustduct(s) directlyconnectedtothehoodshallbeprotectedbyasinglesystemorbysystemsdesigned forsimultaneousoperation. 9.3.1.1 Atleastonefusiblelinkorheatdetectorshallbeinstalledwithineachexhaustduct openinginaccordancewiththemanufacturerslisting. 9.3.1.2 Afusiblelinkorheatdetectorshallbeprovidedaboveeachprotectedcooking applianceandinaccordancewiththeextinguishingsystemmanufacturerslisting. 9.3.1.3 Fusiblelinksorheatdetectorslocatedatorwithin12in.(305mm)intotheexhaust ductopeningandabovetheprotectedapplianceshallbepermittedtomeettherequirements of 9.3.1.2. 9.3.2 Fireextinguishingsystemsreferencedin 9.3.1shallcomplywithUL300,Fire ExtinguishingSystemsforProtectionofRestaurantCookingAreas,FireTestingof,or equivalentlistingstandard. 9.3.2.1 Fixedautomaticdrychemicalextinguishingsystemsshallbeinstalledinaccordance withthetermsofthelisting,themanufacturersinstructions,andthisstandard. 9.3.3 Systemsprotectingtwoormorehoodsorplenums,orboth,thatmeetthe requirementsofSection 5.2shallbeinstalledtoensurethesimultaneousoperationofall systemsprotectingthehoods,plenums,orboth,andassociatedcookingapplianceslocated belowthehoods. 9.3.4*ProtectionofCommonExhaustDuct. 9.3.4.1 Commonexhaustductsshallbeprotectedbyoneofthefollowingmethods: (1)* (2)* Simultaneousoperationofallindependenthood,duct,andapplianceprotection systems Simultaneousoperationofanyhood,ductandapplianceprotectionsystemandthe system(s)protectingtheentirecommonexhaustduct

9.3.4.1.1 Afusiblelinkorheatdetectorshallbelocatedateachbranchducttocommon ductconnection. 9.3.4.1.2 Actuationofanybranchducttocommonductfusiblelinkorheatdetectorshall actuatethecommonductsystemonly,orwhenallsystemsareconnectedtoacontrolpanel inaccordancewith NFPA72,NationalFireAlarmCode. 9.3.4.2 Allsourcesoffuelorheattoappliancesservedbythecommonexhaustductshallbe shutdownuponactuationofanyprotectionsysteminaccordancewith 9.3.5. CopyrightNFPA

9.3.4.3 Thebuildingowner(s)shallberesponsiblefortheprotectionofacommonexhaust duct(s)usedbymorethanonetenant. 9.3.4.3.1 Thetenantshallberesponsiblefortheprotectionofacommonexhaustduct(s) servinghoodslocatedwithinthetenantsspaceanduptothepointofconnectiontothe buildingownerscommonexhaustduct. 9.3.4.3.2 Thetenantscommonductshallbeconsideredabranchducttothebuilding ownerscommonduct. 9.3.5*ShutoffDevices.Uponactivationofanycookingequipmentfireextinguishing system,allsourcesoffuelandelectricpowerthatproduceheattoallequipmentprotectedby thesystemshallbeshutdown. 9.3.5.1 Steamsuppliedfromanexternalsourcedoesnotrequireshutdown. 9.3.5.2* Exhaustfansanddampersarenotrequiredtobeshutdownuponsystemactuation. 9.3.5.3 Anygasappliancenotrequiringprotectionbutlocatedunderthesameventilating equipmentshallbeautomaticallyshutoffuponactuationofanyextinguishingsystem. 9.3.5.4 Shutoffdevicesshallrequiremanualresettingpriortofuelorpowerbeingrestored. 9.4ManualActivationRequirements. 9.4.1 Suchmechanicalmeansshallnotrelyonanyofthehardwarecomponentsthatwould becommontotheautomaticfunctionofthefixedfireextinguishingequipment. 9.4.2 Themeansformanualactuator(s)actuationshallbemechanicalandshallnotrelyon electricalpowerforactuation. 9.4.3 Electricalpowershallbepermittedtobeusedformanualactuationifareservepower supplyisprovidedinaccordancewithSection 9.6. 9.4.4 Themanualactuationmeansofanautomaticextinguishingsystemshallbetotally independentoftheautomaticmeans. 9.4.5 Afailureofasystemcomponentshallnotimpairboththeautomaticandmanualmeans ofactuation. 9.5SystemAnnunciationRequirements. 9.5.1 Uponactuationofafixedautomaticfireextinguishingsystem,anaudiblealarmor visualindicatorshallbeprovidedtoshowthatthesystemhasactuated. 9.5.2 Whereafirealarmsignalingsystemisservingtheoccupancywheretheextinguishing systemislocated,theactuationofthefixedautomaticfireextinguishingsystemshallactuate thefirealarmsignalingsystem. 9.6SystemSupervision. 9.6.1 Whereelectricalpowerisrequiredtooperatethefixedautomaticfireextinguishing system,itshallbemonitoredbyasupervisoryalarm,withareservepowersupplyprovided. CopyrightNFPA

9.6.2 Wherefixedautomaticfireextinguishingsystemsincludeautomaticmechanical detectionandactuationasabackupdetectionsystem,electricalpowermonitoringisnot required. 9.6.3 Wherefixedautomaticfireextinguishingsystemsareinterconnectedorinterlocked withthecookingequipmentpowersourcessothatifthefireextinguishingsystembecomes inoperableduetopowerfailure,allsourcesoffuelandheattoallcookingequipment servicedbythathoodshallautomaticallyshutoffandelectricalpowermonitoringisnot required. 9.7ReviewandCertification. 9.7.1 Ifrequired,completedrawingsofthesysteminstallationshallbesubmittedtothe authorityhavingjurisdiction. 9.7.1.1 Systemdrawingsshallincludethefollowing: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) Hood(s) Exhaustduct(s) Appliances Interfaceofthefireextinguishingsystemdetectors Piping Nozzles Fuelshutoffdevices Agentstoragecontainer(s) Manualactuationdevice(s)

9.7.2* Designandinstallationofsystemsshallbeperformedonlybypersonsproperly trainedandqualifiedtodesignand/orinstallthespecificsystembeingprovided. 9.7.2.1 Theinstallershallprovidecertificationtotheauthorityhavingjurisdictionthatthe installationisincompleteagreementwiththetermsofthelistingandthemanufacturers instructionsand/orapproveddesign. 9.8*VehicleFuelingServiceStationSystems. 9.8.1 Eachhazardprotectedbytwoormoresystemsshallhavethesesystemsconnectedfor simultaneousoperation. 9.8.2 Theprotectedareaofeachhazardshallincludetheareawithinthearcscribedbythe nozzleendofthehoseoneachvehiclefueldispenser. 9.8.2.1 Themanufacturerofthesystemshallbeconsultedtodeterminetheneedfor additionalcoverageunderadversewindconditions. 9.8.3 Equipmentshallbeprovidedtoshutdownallvehiclefueldispenserssimultaneously CopyrightNFPA

uponsystemactuation. 9.8.3.1 Intheeventofasystemdischarge,thehazardbeingprotectedshallnotbereturned toserviceuntilthesystemisrechargedandoperational. 9.8.4 Automaticdetectionandactuationoftheextinguishingsystemshallbeprovided. 9.8.4.1 Themanufacturerslistedinstallationandmaintenancemanualshallbeconsulted regardingthetypeandlocationofthedetectors. 9.8.5 Aremotemanualactuatororoperatingdeviceshallbeprovidedinaconspicuousand accessiblelocationawayfromthevehiclefueldispensersandprotectedarea.(SeeSection 4.4.) 9.8.6 Alldischargenozzlesshallbelocatedsoastominimizethelikelihoodofdamageor misalignmentandwithinthelimitationsandconstraintsofthemanufacturerslisted installationandmaintenancemanual. 9.9SystemsfortheProtectionofMobileEquipment. 9.9.1* Onlypreengineereddrychemicalsystems,includingdetectionsystemsthathave beenlistedforsuchuse,shallbeinstalledonmobileequipment. 9.9.2 Compartmentsorareasthatcouldbesubjecttofireshallbeprotectedinaccordance withthemanufacturerslistedinstallationandmaintenancemanual. 9.9.3 Eachprotectedcompartmentorareashallbeprovidedwithalistedfiredetection devicespecifiedinthemanufacturerslistedinstallationandmaintenancemanualto automaticallyactuatetheextinguishingsystem. 9.9.3.1 Manualactuationonlyshallbepermittedtobeprovidedifacceptabletothe authorityhavingjurisdiction. 9.9.4 Onlytheflexiblehoseandhosefittingsspecifiedinthemanufacturerslisted installationandmaintenancemanualshallbeused. 9.9.5 Alldischargenozzlesshallbelocatedtominimizethelikelihoodofdamageor misalignmentandwithinthelimitationsandconstraintsofthemanufacturerslisted installationandmaintenancemanual. 9.9.6 Locationofagentcontainers,expellantgascartridgesorcylinders,andamanual actuatorstation(s)shallbeappropriatetoeachapplication,protectedagainstphysical damage,andaccessible. 9.9.7 Atleastoneeasilyaccessiblemanualactuatororoperatingdeviceshallbeprovidedfor usebytheequipmentoperator. 9.9.8 Anadditionalmanualactuatororoperatingdeviceshallbelocatedsothatitisinthe pathofegressandoperablefromgroundlevel. 9.9.9 Ifthesystemisprovidedwithadischargedelaydevice,bothaudibleandvisualalarms shallbeprovidedtowarnoftheimpendingsystemdischarge. 9.9.10 Intheeventofsystemdischarge,thevehiclebeingprotectedshallnotbereturnedto CopyrightNFPA

serviceuntilthesystemisrechargedandoperational. 9.10HandHoseLineSystems. 9.10.1 Drychemicalhandhoselinesystemsshallbeprovidedwithturrets,skidmounted hosereels,remotehosereels,orcombinationsofthese. 9.10.2 Thelengthandsizeofpipingandhoseandthetypeofnozzlesshallbewithinthe limitationsstatedinthemanufacturerslistedinstallationandmaintenancemanual. 9.10.3 Differencesinelevationbetweenthedrychemicalstoragetankandeachturretor hosereelshallbewithinthelimitationsofthemanufacturerslistedinstallationand maintenancemanual. 9.10.4 Ifmultiplecylindersareusedtopressurizethedrychemicalagentcontainers,each cylindershallbeprovidedwithapressuregaugeandamanualmeansofoperation. 9.10.4.1 Slavecylinderswithoutmanualactuatorsshallbepermittedifatleasttwomaster cylinderswithmanualactuatorsareprovided. 9.10.4.2 Onlyonemanualactuatorshallberequiredtobeprovidedforselfcontained skidmountedsystems. 9.10.5 Eachturretandhosereelshallbeprovidedwithashutoffnozzleorflowcontrol valve. 9.10.6 Anintegralmethodshallbeprovidedtoblowoutallsystempipingandhosereels afteranyuse. 9.10.7 Turretnozzlesshallbeprovidedwithcapsorothersuitabledevicestoprevent moistureorforeignmaterialsfromenteringtheturretorpiping.

Chapter10PlansandAcceptanceTests
10.1Specifications. Specificationsfordrychemicalextinguishingsystemsshallbedrawnupwithcareunderthe supervisionofatrainedpersonandwiththeadviceoftheauthorityhavingjurisdiction. 10.1.1 Theprovisionsof 10.1.2through 10.1.5shallbeincludedinthesystem specifications. 10.1.2 Thespecificationsshalldesignatetheauthorityhavingjurisdictionandindicate whetherplansshallberequiredforpreengineeredsystems. 10.1.2.1 Plansshallberequiredforallengineeredsystems. 10.1.3 Thespecificationsshallstatethattheinstallationshallconformtothisstandardand meettheapprovaloftheauthorityhavingjurisdiction. 10.1.3.1 Thespecificationshallindicatethatonlyequipmentthatisspecificallylistedand compatibleforusewiththeextinguishingsystemshallbeused. CopyrightNFPA

10.1.3.1.1 Thespecificationshallindicatespecialauxiliarydevicesacceptabletothesystem manufacturerandtheauthorityhavingjurisdiction. 10.1.4 Thespecificationsshallincludesystemacceptancetests. 10.1.5 Thespecificationsshallindicatethehazardtobeprotectedandshallincludesuch informationasphysicaldimensions,combustibles,airhandlingequipment,heatsources,and soon. 10.2Plans. Whereplansarerequired,theyshallbepreparedbyqualifiedpersonstrainedinthedesign andapplicationofthesesystems. 10.2.1 Theplansshallbedrawntoanindicatedscaleorbesuitablydimensionedandshallbe reproducible. 10.2.2 Theplansshallcontainsufficientdetailtoenabletheauthorityhavingjurisdictionto evaluatethehazardorhazardsandtoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthesystem. 10.2.2.1 Thedetailsonthehazardsshallincludethematerialsinvolved,thelocationand arrangement,andtheexposuretothehazard. 10.2.3 Thedetailsonthesystemshallincludesufficientinformationandcalculationsonthe following: (1) (2) (3) Amountofdrychemical Thesize,length,andarrangementofconnectedpiping,orpipingandhose Thedescriptionandlocationofnozzlessothattheadequacyofthesystemcanbe determined

10.2.3.1 Flowratesofnozzlesusedshallbeprovidedforengineeredsystems. 10.2.3.2 Informationshallbesubmittedpertainingtothelocationandfunctionofdetection devices,operatingdevices,auxiliaryequipment,andelectricalcircuitry,ifused. 10.2.3.3 Sufficientinformationshallbeindicatedtoproperlyidentifytheapparatusand devicesused. 10.3ApprovalofPlans. Whereplansarerequired,theyshallbesubmittedtotheauthorityhavingjurisdictionfor approvalbeforeworkstarts. 10.3.1 Wherefieldconditionsnecessitateanysubstantialchangefromtheapprovedplan,the correctedasinstalledplansshallbesubmittedtotheauthorityhavingjurisdictionfor approval. 10.4ApprovalofInstallations. Thecompletedsystemshallbetestedbyqualifiedpersonnel. CopyrightNFPA

10.4.1 Thetestsshalldeterminethatthesystemhasbeenproperlyinstalledandwillfunction asintended. 10.4.1.1 Onlylistedequipmentanddevicesshallbeusedinthesesystems. 10.4.2 Theinstallershallcertifythattheinstallationhasbeenmadeinaccordancewiththe approvedplansandthelistingofatestinglaboratory. 10.4.3 Acceptancetestsshallincludeadischargeofdrychemicalinsufficientamountsto verifythatthesystemisproperlyinstalledandfunctional. 10.4.3.1 Themethodofverificationshallbeacceptabletotheauthorityhavingjurisdiction. 10.4.3.2 Pipingshallnotbehydrostaticallytested. 10.4.3.3 Wherepressuretestingisrequired,itshallbebymeansofadrygas. 10.4.3.4 Thelabelingofdeviceswithproperdesignationsandinstructionsshallbechecked. 10.4.3.5 Theuseofdrychemicalfortheapprovaltestshallbepermittedtobewaivedbythe authorityhavingjurisdiction. 10.4.4 Afteranydischargeofdrychemical,allpipingandnozzlesshallbeblowncleanusing compresseddryairornitrogen. 10.4.4.1 Thesystemshallbeproperlychargedandplacedinthenormalsetcondition. 10.5Manual. Theownershallbeprovidedwithacopyofthemanufacturerslistedinstallationand maintenancemanualorlistedownersmanual.

Chapter11Inspection,Maintenance,andRecharging
11.1GeneralRequirements. 11.1.1 Wheredrychemicalpressurecontainersarenotattachedtopipingorhandhoselines, thedischargeoutletshallbeprovidedwithaprotectivediffusingsafetycaptoprotect personnelfromrecoilandhighflowdischargeincaseofaccidentalactuation. 11.1.1.1 Protectivecapsalsoshallbeusedonemptypressurecontainerstoprotectthreads. 11.1.1.2 Protectivecapsshallbeprovidedbythemanufactureroftheequipment. 11.1.2Storage.Storageofchargingsuppliesofdrychemicalshallbeinaconstantlydry area,andthedrychemicalshallbecontainedinmetaldrumsorothercontainersthatwill preventtheentranceofmoistureeveninsmallquantities. 11.1.2.1 Priortothedrychemicalchamberbeingcharged,thedrychemicalshallbechecked carefullytodeterminethatitisinaflowingcondition. 11.1.3* Atrainedpersonwhohasundergonetheinstructionsnecessarytoperformthe maintenanceandrechargeservicereliablyandhastheapplicablemanufacturersinstallation CopyrightNFPA

andmaintenancemanualandservicebulletinsshallservicethedrychemicalextinguishing systematintervalsnotmorethan6monthsapartasoutlinedinSection 11.3. 11.1.4 Alldrychemicalextinguishingsystemsshallbeinspectedinaccordancewiththe ownersmanualandmaintainedandrechargedinaccordancewiththemanufacturerslisted installationandmaintenancemanualandservicebulletins. 11.1.5RechargeAgents. 11.1.5.1Quality.Thedrychemicalusedinthesystemshallbesuppliedbytheequipment manufacturer. 11.1.5.1.1 Thecharacteristicsofthesystemaredependentonthecompositionofthedry chemicalandthetypeofexpellantgas,aswellasotherfactors. 11.1.5.1.2 Itisimperativetousethedrychemicalprovidedbytheequipmentmanufacturer andthetypeofexpellantgasspecifiedbytheequipmentmanufacturer. 11.1.5.1.3 Wherecarbondioxideornitrogenisusedastheexpellantgas,itshallbeofgood commercialgradeandfreeofwaterandothercontaminantsthatmightcausecontainer corrosion. 11.1.6 Systemaccessforinspectionormaintenancethatrequiresopeningpanelsinfire chasesorducts,orboth,shallnotbepermittedwhileanyappliance(s)orequipment protectedbythatsystemisinoperation. 11.2OwnersInspection. 11.2.1 Onamonthlybasis,inspectionshallbeconductedinaccordancewiththe manufacturerslistedinstallationandmaintenancemanualorownersmanual. 11.2.1.1 Asaminimum,thisquickcheckorinspectionshallincludeverificationofthe following: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Theextinguishingsystemisinitsproperlocation. Themanualactuatorsareunobstructed. Thetamperindicatorsandsealsareintact. Themaintenancetagorcertificateisinplace. Thesystemshowsnophysicaldamageorconditionthatmightpreventoperation. Thepressuregauge(s),ifprovided,isinoperablerange. Thenozzleblowoffcaps,whereprovided,areintactandundamaged. Neithertheprotectedequipmentnorthehazardhasbeenreplaced,modified,or relocated.

11.2.2 Ifanydeficienciesarefound,appropriatecorrectiveactionshallbetaken immediately. 11.2.3 Personnelmakinginspectionsshallkeeprecordsforthoseextinguishingsystemsthat CopyrightNFPA

werefoundtorequirecorrectiveactions. 11.2.4 Atleastmonthly,thedatetheinspectionisperformedandtheinitialsoftheperson performingtheinspectionshallberecorded.Therecordsshallberetaineduntilthenext semiannualmaintenance. 11.3Maintenance. 11.3.1* Atleastsemiannually,maintenanceshallbeconductedinaccordancewiththe manufacturerslistedinstallationandmaintenancemanual. 11.3.1.1 Asaminimum,suchmaintenanceshallincludethefollowing: (1) (2) Achecktoseethatthehazardhasnotchanged Anexaminationofalldetectors,expellantgascontainer(s),agentcontainer(s), releasingdevices,piping,hoseassemblies,nozzles,signals,andallauxiliary equipment Verificationthattheagentdistributionpipingisnotobstructed Examinationofthedrychemical(Ifthereisevidenceofcaking,thedrychemicalshall bediscardedandthesystemshallberechargedinaccordancewiththemanufacturers instructions.)

(3)* (4)

11.3.1.2 Drychemicalinstoredpressuresystemsshallnotrequiresemiannualexamination butshallbeexaminedatleastevery6years. 11.3.1.3 Wheresemiannualmaintenanceofanydrychemicalcontainersorsystem componentsrevealsconditionssuchas,butnotlimitedto,corrosionorpittinginexcessof themanufacturerslimits,structuraldamageorfiredamage,orrepairsbysoldering,welding, orbrazing,theaffectedpart(s)shallbereplacedorhydrostaticallytestedinaccordancewith therecommendationsofthemanufacturerorthelistingagency.Thehydrostatictestingof drychemicalcontainersshallfollowtheapplicableproceduresoutlinedinSection 11.5. 11.3.1.4* Alldrychemicalsystemsshallbetested,whichshallincludetheoperationofthe detectionsystem,signals,andreleasingdevices,includingmanualstationsandother associatedequipment. 11.3.1.5 Wherethemaintenanceofthesystem(s)revealsdefectivepartsthatcouldcausean impairmentorfailureofproperoperationofthesystem(s),theaffectedpartsshallbe replacedorrepairedinaccordancewiththemanufacturersrecommendations. 11.3.1.6 Themaintenancereport,includinganyrecommendations,shallbefiledwiththe ownerorwiththedesignatedpartyresponsibleforthesystem. 11.3.1.7* Eachdrychemicalsystemshallhaveatagorlabelindicatingthemonthandyear themaintenanceisperformedandidentifyingthepersonperformingtheservice.Onlythe currenttagorlabelshallremaininplace. 11.3.2* Fixedtemperaturesensingelementsofthefusiblemetalalloytypeshallbereplaced atleastannuallyfromthedateofinstallation. CopyrightNFPA

11.3.2.1 Uponremovalthelinksshallbedestroyed. 11.3.2.2 Theyearofmanufactureandthedateofinstallationofthefixed temperaturesensingelementshallbemarkedonthesysteminspectiontag. 11.3.2.3 Thetagshallbesignedorinitialedbytheinstaller. 11.3.3 Fixedtemperaturesensingelementsotherthanthefusiblemetalalloytypeshallbe permittedtoremaincontinuouslyinservice,providedtheyareinspectedandcleanedor replacedifnecessaryinaccordancewiththemanufacturersinstructionsevery12monthsor morefrequentlytoensureproperoperationofthesystem. 11.4Recharging. 11.4.1 Allextinguishingsystemsshallberechargedafteruseorasindicatedbyaninspection oramaintenancecheck. 11.4.2 Systemsshallberechargedinaccordancewiththemanufacturerslistedinstallation andmaintenancemanual. 11.5HydrostaticTesting. Hydrostatictestingshallbeperformedbypersonstrainedinpressuretestingproceduresand safeguardsandhavingavailablesuitabletestingequipment,facilities,andanappropriate servicemanual(s). 11.5.1* Thefollowingpartsofdrychemicalextinguishingsystemsshallbesubjectedtoa hydrostaticpressuretestatintervalsnotexceeding12years: (1) (2) (3) Drychemicalcontainers Auxiliarypressurecontainers Hoseassemblies

ExceptionNo.1:Drychemicalcontainersthatarepartofextinguishingsystemshavingan agentcapacityexceeding150lb(68kg). ExceptionNo.2:Auxiliarypressurecontainersnotexceeding2in.(0.05m)outside diameterandlessthan2ft(0.6m)inlength. ExceptionNo.3:AuxiliarypressurecontainersbearingtheDOT3Emarking. 11.5.2 Drychemicalcontainers,auxiliarypressurecontainers,andhoseassembliesshallbe subjectedtoahydrostatictestpressureequaltothemarkedfactorytestpressureorthetest pressurespecifiedinthemanufacturerslistedinstallationandmaintenancemanual. 11.5.2.1 Noleakage,rupture,ormovementofhosecouplingsshallbepermitted. 11.5.2.2 Thetestproceduresshallbeinaccordancewiththemanufacturersdetailedwritten hydrostatictestinstructions. 11.5.2.3* Priortobeingrefilledortransported,inaccordancewithDOTorTC requirements,containersbearingDOTorTCmarkingsshallberetestedorreplacedin CopyrightNFPA

accordancewiththeappropriateDOTorTCrequirements. 11.5.3 Drychemicalagentremovedfromthecontainerspriortohydrostatictestingshallbe discarded. 11.5.4 Careshallbetakentoensurethatalltestedequipmentisthoroughlydriedpriorto reuse. 11.5.5 Toprotectthehazardduringhydrostatictesting,ifthereisnoconnectedreserve, alternateprotectionacceptabletotheauthorityhavingjurisdictionshallbeprovided.

AnnexAExplanatoryMaterial
AnnexAisnotapartoftherequirementsofthisNFPAdocumentbutisincludedfor informationalpurposesonly.Thisannexcontainsexplanatorymaterial,numberedto correspondwiththeapplicabletextparagraphs. A.1.1 Thedrychemicalsystemsdescribedinthisstandardaredesignedtodischargedry chemicalfromfixednozzlesandpipingorfromhoselinesbymeansofanexpellantgas.The intentofthestandardistopresentthedesignconsiderationsapplicabletothesesystems.It containsonlytheessentialrequirementsandrecommendationsneededtomakethestandard workableinthehandsofthoseskilledinthisfield. Becausetheflowofdrychemical(solidparticlessuspendedinagaseousmedium)doesnot followgeneralhydraulictheories,mostoftheflowprincipleshavebeendetermined experimentally.Thedrychemicalsproducedbyvariousmanufacturersusuallyarenot identicalinallcharacteristics,andeachmanufacturerdesignsequipmentforusewitha specificdrychemical.Systemdesignprinciplesapplicabletotheproductsofone manufacturerarenotapplicabletotheproductsofanothermanufacturer.Asaresult,itisnot practicaltoincludesystemdesigndetailsasapartofthisstandard. Itisnowgenerallyacceptedthattheflameextinguishingpropertiesofdrychemicalsaredue totheinteractionoftheparticles,whichstopsthechainreactionthattakesplaceinflame combustion.Drychemicalsvaryintheirflameextinguishingeffectiveness.Multipurposedry chemicalowesitseffectivenessinextinguishingfiresinvolvingordinarycombustibles,such aswoodandpaper,totheformationofaglowretardingcoatingoverthecombustible material.Foradditionalinformationondrychemicalsandtheirextinguishingcharacteristics, see A.4.6.1. Portabledrychemicalequipmentiscoveredin NFPA10,StandardforPortableFire Extinguishers. A.1.5.1.1 SeeIEEE/ASTMSI10,StandardforUseoftheInternationalSystemofUnits (SI):TheModernMetricSystem. A.1.6 Althoughtrainingandqualificationmightbeavailableelsewhere,itisrecommended thatsuchtrainingandqualificationbeperformedbythemanufactureroftheequipmentbeing installedorserviced. Itmightbenecessaryformanyofthosechargedwithpurchasing,inspecting,testing, CopyrightNFPA

approving,operating,andmaintainingthisequipmenttoconsultanexperiencedfire protectionengineercompetentinthisfieldinordertodischargetheirrespectiveduties effectively. A.3.2.1Approved.TheNationalFireProtectionAssociationdoesnotapprove,inspect,or certifyanyinstallations,procedures,equipment,ormaterialsnordoesitapproveorevaluate testinglaboratories.Indeterminingtheacceptabilityofinstallations,procedures,equipment, ormaterials,theauthorityhavingjurisdictionmaybaseacceptanceoncompliancewith NFPAorotherappropriatestandards.Intheabsenceofsuchstandards,saidauthoritymay requireevidenceofproperinstallation,procedure,oruse.Theauthorityhavingjurisdiction mayalsorefertothelistingsorlabelingpracticesofanorganizationthatisconcernedwith productevaluationsandisthusinapositiontodeterminecompliancewithappropriate standardsforthecurrentproductionoflisteditems. A.3.2.2AuthorityHavingJurisdiction(AHJ).Thephraseauthorityhavingjurisdiction, oritsacronymAHJ,isusedinNFPAdocumentsinabroadmanner,sincejurisdictionsand approvalagenciesvary,asdotheirresponsibilities.Wherepublicsafetyisprimary,the authorityhavingjurisdictionmaybeafederal,state,local,orotherregionaldepartmentor individualsuchasafirechieffiremarshalchiefofafirepreventionbureau,labor department,orhealthdepartmentbuildingofficialelectricalinspectororothershaving statutoryauthority.Forinsurancepurposes,aninsuranceinspectiondepartment,rating bureau,orotherinsurancecompanyrepresentativemaybetheauthorityhavingjurisdiction. Inmanycircumstances,thepropertyownerorhisorherdesignatedagentassumestherole oftheauthorityhavingjurisdictionatgovernmentinstallations,thecommandingofficeror departmentalofficialmaybetheauthorityhavingjurisdiction. A.3.2.4Listed.Equipment,materials,orservicesincludedinalistpublishedbyan organizationthatisacceptabletotheauthorityhavingjurisdictionandconcernedwith evaluationofproductsorservices,thatmaintainsperiodicinspectionofproductionoflisted equipmentormaterialsorperiodicevaluationofservices,andwhoselistingstatesthateither theequipment,material,orservicemeetsappropriatedesignatedstandardsorhasbeentested andfoundsuitableforaspecifiedpurpose. A.3.3.3CalculationandDesign.Thisinformationisnotrequiredforlistedpreengineered systemsbecausethesesystemsmustbeinstalledinaccordancewiththeirpretested limitationsdescribedinthemanufacturersinstallationmanual. A.3.3.13.1ManufacturersListedInstallationandMaintenanceManual.Itcontainsa descriptionofthehazardsthatcanbeprotectedaswellasthelimitationsofthedrychemical extinguishingsystem.Thispamphletalsorequiresthatthedrychemicalextinguishingsystem bedesigned,installed,inspected,maintained,andservicedinaccordancewiththisstandard. A.3.4.5PreEngineeredSystems.Thesesystemshavethespecificpipesize,maximumand minimumpipelengths,flexiblehosespecifications,numberoffittings,andnumberandtypes ofnozzlesprescribedbyatestinglaboratory.Themaximumandminimumpipelengthsand thenumberoffittingsshouldbepermittedtobeexpressedinequivalentfeetofpipe.The hazardsprotectedbythesesystemsarespecificallylimitedastotypeandsizebyatesting laboratory,basedonactualfiretests.Limitationsonhazardsthatarepermittedtobe CopyrightNFPA

protectedbythesesystemsandpipingandnozzleconfigurationsarecontainedinthe manufacturerslistedinstallationandmaintenancemanual,whichispartofthelistingofthe system. A.4.2.1 Normally,identifyingmarkingsonthehosewillindicatetheacceptabilityofthehose forthispurpose. A.4.5.1 Pipingshouldbeinstalledinaccordancewithgoodcommercialpractice.Care shouldbetakentoavoidpossiblerestrictionsduetoforeignmatter,faultyfabrication,or improperinstallation. Thepipingsystemshouldbesecurelysupportedwithdueallowanceforagentthrustforces, thermalexpansionandcontraction,andshouldnotbesubjectedtomechanical,chemical, vibration,orotherdamage.ANSI/ASMEB31.1,PowerPiping,shouldbeconsultedfor guidanceonthismatter.Whereexplosionsarelikely,thepipingshouldbeattachedto supportsthatareleastlikelytobedisplaced. Althoughdrychemicalpipingsystemsarenotsubjectedtocontinuouspressurization, provisionsshouldbemadetoensurethatthetypeofpipinginstalledcanwithstandthe maximumstressatmaximumstoragetemperatures. A.4.5.1.3 Inperformingthecalculation,theguidelinesprovidedintheFSSApublication, PipeDesignHandbookforUsewithSpecialHazardFireSuppressionSystems,shouldbe consulted. A.4.5.3 Thepipingforadrychemicalsystemembodiesdistinctivefeaturesnecessitatedby thecharacteristicsoftheagent.Theuseofflexiblepipingorhoseinadrychemicalsystem introducesanumberoffactorstobeconsideredthatdonotnormallyaffectrigidpiping.The mostimportantoftheseisthenatureofanychangesofdirection.Theminimumradiusof curvatureforanyflexiblehosetobeusedinadrychemicalsystemisusuallyshowninthe listinginformationforaparticularsystem.Otherareasofconcernthatareevaluatedinthe testforlistingareresistancetotheeffectsofvibration,flexure,tension,torsion,temperature, flame,compression,andbending.Itisalsonecessaryforthehosetohavethestrengthto containthedrychemicalduringdischargeandtobemadeofmaterialsthatwillberesistant toatmosphericcorrosion. A.4.6.1 Adrychemicalextinguishingagentisafinelydividedpowderedmaterialthathas beenspeciallytreatedtobewaterrepellentandcapableofbeingfluidizedandfreeflowingso thatitcanbedischargedthroughhoselinesandpipingwhenunderexpellantgaspressure. Drychemicalscurrentlyinusearedescribedbrieflyasfollows. SodiumBicarbonateBasedDryChemical.Thisagentconsistsprimarilyofsodium bicarbonate(NaHCO )andissuitableforuseonalltypesofflammableliquidandgasfires 3 (ClassB)andforfiresinvolvingenergizedelectricalequipment(ClassC). Itisparticularlyeffectiveonfiresincommoncookingoilsandfats.Incombinationwith thesematerials,thesodiumbicarbonatebasedagentreactstoformatypeofsoap (saponification),whichfloatsonaliquidsurface,suchasindeepfatfryers,andeffectively preventsreignitionofthegrease. CopyrightNFPA

Sodiumbicarbonatebaseddrychemicalisnotgenerallyrecommendedforthe extinguishmentoffiresinordinarycombustibles(ClassA),althoughitcanhaveatransitory effectinextinguishingsurfaceflamingofsuchmaterials. DryChemicalsBasedontheSaltsofPotassium.Commerciallyavailableagentsare essentiallypotassiumbicarbonate(KHCO ),potassiumchloride(KCl),andureabased 3 potassiumbicarbonate(KC N H O ).Allthreeagentsaresuitableforuseonalltypesof 2 2 3 3 flammableliquidandgasfires(ClassB)andalsoforfiresinvolvingenergizedelectrical equipment(ClassC). Itisgenerallyrecognizedthatsaltsofpotassiumaremoreeffectiveintermsofchemical extinguishmentmechanismsthansodiumsaltsinextinguishingClassBfires,exceptthosein deepfatfryersandothercookingequipment. Drychemicalsbasedonthesaltsofpotassiumarenotgenerallyrecommendedforthe extinguishmentoffiresinordinarycombustibles(ClassA),althoughtheycanhavea transitoryeffectinextinguishingsurfaceflamingofsuchmaterials. MultipurposeDryChemical.Thisagenthasasitsbasemonoammoniumphosphate (NH H PO )andissimilarinitseffectonClassBandClassCfirestotheotherdry 4 2 4 chemicals.However,itdoesnotpossessasaponificationcharacteristicandshouldnotbe usedonfiresindeepfatfryers.Unliketheotherdrychemicals,itdoeshaveaconsiderable extinguishingeffectonClassAmaterials.Theagent,whenheated,decomposestoforma moltenresiduethatwilladheretoheatedsurfaces.Oncombustiblesolidsurfaces(ClassA), thischaracteristicexcludestheoxygennecessaryforpropagationofthefire. FoamCompatibleDryChemicals.Whenorwherefoamdrychemicalsystemsareusedor proposedfortheprotectionofahazard,themanufacturershouldbeconsultedastothe compatibilityoftheagents. A.4.6.3 Mixturesofcertaindrychemicalscangeneratedangerouspressuresandform lumps. A.4.9.2 Independentinspectionandcertificationisrecommended. A.5.1.1 Gasfiresnormallyshouldnotbeextinguishedunlessthesourceofburninggascan beshutoff,becauseanexplosivemixturecanbeformedwithairthat,ifignited,cancause greaterdamagethantheoriginalfire. Factorsthatdeterminewhetherthegasfireshouldbeextinguishedpriortoshuttingoffthe gassupplyareasfollows. AccessibilityofGasShutoffValves.Wherewaterhosestreamsarenotavailable,itmightbe necessarytoextinguishthefireinordertoreachtheshutoffvalves. TheProximityofOtherFlammableorCombustibleMaterials.Ifignitionofthesematerials couldresultinamorehazardouscondition,thefiremighthavetobeextinguishedpriorto gasshutoff. PersonnelRescue.Drychemicalshouldbeappliedatflowratesanddischargepatternsthat willbeeffective.Gaslineflange,linerupture,orimpingingfiresmightneedspecialflow CopyrightNFPA

ratesanddischargepatterns. A.5.1.1(1) CAUTION:Extinguishmentofflammableliquidfires,especiallyClassIliquids (see NFPA30,FlammableandCombustibleLiquidsCode),canresultinareflashunlessall sourcesofignitionhavebeenremoved. A.5.1.1(2) CAUTION:Flammablegasespresentapotentialexplosionhazardiftheflowof gasisnotstoppedbeforeorduringextinguishment. A.5.1.2.1 Drychemical,whendischarged,willdriftfromtheimmediatedischargeareaand settleonsurroundingsurfaces.Promptcleanupwillminimizepossiblestainingorcorrosion ofcertainmaterialsthatcantakeplaceinthepresenceofmoisture. Monoammoniumphosphateandpotassiumchlorideareslightlyacidicand,inthepresenceof moisture,cancorrodemetalssuchassteel,castiron,andaluminum. Potassiumbicarbonate,sodiumbicarbonate,andureabasedpotassiumbicarbonateare slightlybasicand,inthepresenceofmoisture,cancorrodemetalssuchasaluminum, aluminumbrass,aluminumbronze,andtitanium. Suchcorrosionwillvaryfromadullortarnishedfinishtomildsurfacecorrosion.Corrosion shouldnotbeofconcernwhenaccompaniedbypromptcleanup.Forthemostpart,thesedry chemicalagentscanbereadilycleanedupbywiping,vacuuming,orwashingtheexposed materials.Amonoammoniumphosphatebasedagentwillneedsomescrapingandwashingif theexposedsurfaceswerehotwhentheagentwasapplied. Uponexposuretotemperaturesinexcessof250F(121C)orrelativehumidityinexcessof 50percent,depositswillbeformedthatcanbecorrosive,conductive,anddifficultto remove. A.5.4.1.1 Thelimitingspecificationsforadrychemicalsystemareafunctionoftheflow characteristicsoftheparticulardrychemicalandtheequipmentusedbythemanufacturerof thesystem.Therefore,itisnotpossibletospecifyinthisstandardtheexactvaluesforthe quantityneeded,rateofflowneeded,ornozzledistribution.Theconsiderationsprovidedin thisstandardpointouttheimportantfeaturesthatshouldbemadeavailabletothepurchaser, inspector,orotherauthoritieschargedwith theexaminationandevaluationofthissystem. Thesedatashouldbeestablishedbyinvestigationandtestsconfirmedbyatestinglaboratory. A.5.4.1.2 Inpreengineeredsystems,thefactorsin 5.4.1.1(1)through(3)areestablished forspecificvolumeandotherconditionsgiveninthemanufacturerslistedinstallationand maintenancemanual. A.5.5.1 Examplesofthesehazardsaredeepfatfryerscharbroilersuprightbroilers, griddles,andrangesinkitchensorwaxtanks. A.5.6 Drychemicalextinguishingagentsareconsiderednontoxicfromaphysiologicalpoint ofview.However,aswithanyfinelydividedmaterial,theycanproducemildirritation effects,especiallywhenusedinanenclosedarea.Ingeneral,theeffectsareneitherserious norpermanent. Formorespecificguidanceonindividualdrychemicalextinguishingagentcomponentsand CopyrightNFPA

theirhazardstopersonnel(thresholdlimitvalues),consultthedrychemicalmanufacturer. A.5.6.1.1 CAUTION:HazardstoPersonnel.Thedischargeoflargeamountsofdry chemicalcancreatehazardstopersonnelsuchasreducedvisibilityandtemporarybreathing difficulty. A.5.7 See NFPA72,NationalFireAlarmCode,fordetection,alarm,andcontrolfunctions fordrychemicalextinguishingsystems. A.5.7.1.7 Commonexhaustductsnormallyarelocatedinconcealedareassuchthattheneed formanualdischargeofthesystemmightnotbereadilyapparent.Itisrecommendedthatthe numberandlocationofremotecontrols,ifany,begivencarefulconsideration. A.5.7.3 Ifonlylocalalarmsareprovided,considerationshouldbegiventotransmitting thesealarmstoaconstantlyattendedlocation. A.5.8.2 Afullychargedreserveunitpermanentlyconnectedtothesystemisdesirableand canberequiredbytheauthorityhavingjurisdiction. A.5.8.3.3 Listedsystemsforuseathighertemperaturesupto210F(99C)orlower temperaturesdownto65F(54C)areavailablefrommostsystemmanufacturers.Special systemscanbespeciallydesignedforextremetemperatureconditions. A.5.9.1 Thefollowingmaterialprovidessomeofthenecessaryconsiderationsthatmustbe incorporatedwhenpipingamixtureofdrychemicalandexpellantgas.Theflowofthe mixtureofdrychemicalandgasdoesnotstrictlyfollowgeneralhydraulicprinciplesbecause itisatwophaseflow.Theflowcharacteristicsaredependentuponthecompositionand physicalcharacteristicsofthetypeandmakeofthedrychemicalbeingused,thetypeof expellantgasbeingused,andthedesignoftheequipmentbeingused. Preengineeredsystemsdonotneedcalculationsforflowrate,pressuredrop,andnozzle pressure,sincetheyhavebeentestedforfireextinguishmentwithminimumandmaximum pipinglimitations,includinglengthofpipeandnumberandtypeofelbows,andminimumand maximumtemperaturelimitations.Theselimitationshavebeenverifiedbytesting laboratoriesandarepublishedinthemanufacturersinstallationmanual. Engineeredsystemsarecalculatedtoshowthattheproperflowrateandnozzlepressureare obtainedusingthepressuredropoccurringinthepipinglayout.Thenecessarycharts, graphs,andnozzlepatterninformationmustbeobtainedfromtheequipmentmanufacturer andverifiedbytestinglaboratories. Changesindirectionofflowcauseseparationofexpellantgasanddrychemical.Toprovide properdistributionofdrychemicaluponsplittingthestream,specialattentionmustbegiven tothemethodinwhichanapproachismadetoateeafterachangein direction.Certain acceptablemethodsareshownin FigureA.5.9.1(a)and FigureA.5.9.1(b).Othermethods andequipmentcanberecognizedbyatestinglaboratoryinitslistings.

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FIGUREA.5.9.1(a)IllustrationsofAcceptableMeansofPipingintoaTeeinaDry ChemicalSystem.

FIGUREA.5.9.1(b)VenturiAssembly. A.6.1 Considerationshouldbegiventotheeliminationofprobablesourcesofreignition becausetheextinguishingactionofadrychemicalfloodingsystemistransient. A.6.2.2.3 Forfiresinordinarycombustibleswheremultipurposedrychemicalshouldbe usedforprotection,additionaldrychemicalappliedbylocalapplicationcanbeneededin ordertoadequatelyprotectallexposedsurfaces. A.7.1 Examplesofhazardsthatcanbesuccessfullyprotectedbylocalapplicationsystems includediptanks,quenchingoiltanks,spraybooths,oilfilledelectricaltransformers,vapor vents,deepfatfryers,andsoon. A.7.2.1 Protectionoftheentirehazardcanrequirethecombineduseoflocalapplicationand CopyrightNFPA

totalfloodingsystems. A.7.2.3 Examplesofareasincludeareassubjecttospillage,leakage,dripping,splashing,or condensation.Examplesofassociatedmaterialsincludefreshlycoatedstock,drainboards, hoods,ducts,etc. A.7.2.4 CAUTION:Considerationshouldbegiventotheeffectsofwindorotherstrayair currentsonthedrychemicaldischarge. A.8.2.1 Ingeneral,handhoselinestationsshouldbelocatedsothattheyarenotexposedto thehazard. A.8.3.1 Anunusuallylowflowratewillcausethedrychemicaltoseparatefromthe expellantgaswhileinthepipeorhose,orboth,resultinginunevenflowfromthenozzle. A.8.3.3 Operationofhandhoselinesystemsdependsonmanualactuationandmanipulation ofadischargenozzle.Speedandsimplicityofoperationareessential. A.9.1.1 Preengineeredsystemscanhavespeciallimitations,flowrates,andmethodsof applicationthatdifferfromtherequirementsspecifiedinChapters 4through 8ofthis standard. A.9.3.4 Oneexampleofeachacceptablemethodfortheprotectionofcommonexhaust ductsarepresentedinthefiguresA.9.3.4.1(1)andA.9.3.4.1(2).Thesefiguresarenot intendedtobeallinclusive.Foradditionalguidanceconsultthesystemmanufacturer. A.9.3.4.1(1) Separatecookingappliance,hood,andbranchductsystemsareinterconnected sothattheyoperatesimultaneously. Scenario:AfireisdetectedbySystemA.SystemA,protectingcookingappliances,ahood, andabranchduct,isoperated.Simultaneously,SystemsB,C,D,andEarealsoactuated. Shutdownofallappliancesisinaccordancewith 9.3.5.[SeeFigureA.9.3.4.1(1)]

FIGUREA.9.3.4.1(1)SimultaneousOperationofAllSystems. A.9.3.4.1(2) Simultaneousoperationofasinglecookingappliance,hoodorbranchduct systemandthesystemprotectingtheentirecommonexhaustduct. ScenarioNo.1:System1protectingtheentirecommonexhaustductisseparatefrom SystemsA,B,C,D,andE.AfireisdetectedinSystemA.SystemAandSystem1are operatedsimultaneously.ShutdownofallappliancesprotectedbysystemsA,B,C,D,andE isinaccordancewith 9.3.5.[SeeFigureA.9.3.4.1(2)(a).] CopyrightNFPA

FIGUREA.9.3.4.1(2)(a)SimultaneousOperationofaSingleCookingAppliance, HoodorBranchDuctSystemandtheSystemProtectingtheCommonDuct. ScenarioNo.2:SystemEalsoprovidesprotectionfortheentirecommonexhaustduct.A fireisdetectedinSystemC.SystemCandSystemEoperatesimultaneously.Shutdownof allappliancesprotectedbySystemsA,B,C,D,andEisinaccordancewith 9.3.5.[See FigureA.9.3.4.1(2)(b).]

FIGUREA.9.3.4.1(2)(b)SimultaneousOperationofTwoSystemsinWhichOneAlso ProvidesCommonDuctProtection. ScenarioNo.3:SystemEalsoprovidesprotectionfortheentirecommonexhaustduct.A firedetectedinSystemEwillresultintheactuationofSystemEonly.Shutdownofall appliancesprotectedbySystemsA,B,C,D,andEisinaccordancewith 9.3.5.[SeeFigure A.9.3.4.1(2)(c).]

FIGUREA.9.3.4.1(2)(c)IndependentOperationofaSystemThatProtectsaHood andtheCommonDuct. A.9.3.5 Exhaustfansdonotneedtobeshutdownortohavedamperscloseduponsystem actuation,sincethesystemshavebeentestedunderbothzeroandhighvelocityflow CopyrightNFPA

conditions. A.9.3.5.2 Thefireextinguishingsystemshavebeentestedunderbothzeroandhighvelocity andthereforetheexhaustfansanddampersneednotshutdownuponactuationofthe fireextinguishingsystems. A.9.7.2 Itisrecommendedthatsystemdesignandinstallationpersonnelbecertifiedin accordancewiththemanufacturersrequirements.Itisstandardindustrypracticetoprovide expirationdatesontrainingcertificates. A.9.8 Suitablemeansshouldbeprovidedtocontainafuelspillwithintheprotectedarea. See NFPA30,FlammableandCombustibleLiquidsCode. A.9.9.1 Forinformationonmobilesurfaceminingequipment,seeNFPA121,Standardon FireProtectionforSelfPropelledandMobileSurfaceMiningEquipment. A.11.1.3 Itisrecommendedthatsystemmaintenancepersonnelbecertifiedinaccordance withthemanufacturersrequirements.Itisstandardindustrypracticetoprovideexpiration datesontrainingcertificates. A.11.3.1 Regularservicecontractsarerecommended. A.11.3.1.1(3) Thefollowingmethodscanbeusedforverifyingthatthepipingisnot obstructed: (1) (2) (3) (4) Disassemblyofallpiping Purgingofpipingwithnitrogenordryair Conductingafullorpartialdischargetest Utilizingmethodsrecommendedbythemanufacturer

A.11.3.1.4 Adischargeofthedrychemicalnormallyisnotpartofthistest. A.11.3.1.7 Underspecialcircumstancesorwhenlocalrequirementsareineffect,additional informationcanbedesirableorrequired. A.11.3.2 Thedateofmanufacturemarkedonfusiblemetalalloysensingelementsdoesnot limitwhentheycanbeused.Thesedeviceshaveunlimitedshelflife.Theintentof 11.3.2is torequirereplacementoffusiblemetalalloysensingelementsthathavebeeninstalledforup to1yearinenvironmentssubjectingthemtocontaminantloading,suchasgreasein restauranthoodsandducts,thatcouldadverselyaffecttheirproperoperation. A.11.5.1 RegardingthecontainersinExceptionNo.3,DOTorTCmarkedcylinderscan berequiredtobesubjectedtomorefrequenttesting. A.11.5.2.3 DOTorTCmarkedcontainersinstalledinasystemthatisnotunderthe jurisdictionofDOTorTCarenotrequiredtofollowDOTorTCrequirementsaslongas theyremaininoperation.

AnnexBInformationalReferences
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B.1ReferencedPublications. Thefollowingdocumentsorportionsthereofarereferencedwithinthisstandardfor informationalpurposesonlyandarethusnotpartoftherequirementsofthisdocument unlessalsolistedinChapter 2. B.1.1NFPAPublications.NationalFireProtectionAssociation,1BatterymarchPark,P.O. Box9101,Quincy,MA022699101. NFPA10,StandardforPortableFireExtinguishers,2002edition. NFPA30,FlammableandCombustibleLiquidsCode,2000edition. NFPA72 ,NationalFireAlarmCode,2002edition. NFPA121,StandardonFireProtectionforSelfPropelledandMobileSurfaceMining Equipment,2001edition. B.1.2OtherPublications. B.1.2.1ASMEPublication.AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers,ThreePark Avenue,NewYork,NY100165990. ANSI/ASMEB31.1,PowerPiping,1998edition. B.1.2.2ASTMPublication.AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials,100BarrHarbor Drive,WestConshohocken,PA194282959. IEEE/ASTMSI10,StandardforUseoftheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI):The ModernMetricSystem,1997. B.1.2.3FSSAPublication.FireSuppressionSystemsAssociation,5024RCampbell Boulevard,Baltimore,MD212365974. FSSA PipeDesignHandbookforUsewithSpecialHazardFireSuppressionSystems,first edition,June2001. B.2InformationalReferences. B.2.1U.S.GovernmentPublication.U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,Washington,DC 20402.Thefollowingisadditionalreferencematerial. Title49,CodeofFederalRegulations,Parts170190. B.3ReferencesforExtracts. Thefollowingdocumentsarelistedheretoprovidereferenceinformation,includingtitleand edition,forextractsgiventhroughoutthisstandardasindicatedbyareferenceinbrackets[] followingasectionorparagraph.Thesedocumentsarenotapartoftherequirementsofthis documentunlessalsolistedinChapter 2forotherreasons. NFPA25,StandardfortheInspection,Testing,andMaintenanceofWaterBasedFire ProtectionSystems,2002edition. CopyrightNFPA

NFPA72,NationalFireAlarmCode,2002edition. NFPA122,StandardforFirePreventionandControlinUndergroundMetaland NonmetalMines,2000edition. NFPA820,StandardforFireProtectioninWastewaterTreatmentandCollection Facilities,1999edition. NFPA2001,StandardonCleanAgentFireExtinguishingSystems,2000edition.

FormalInterpretation

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